The technical of screw extruder conveyor
吹膜工艺流程
吹膜工艺流程Blown Film Process: A Comprehensive Guide。
The blown film process is a popular method used in the manufacturing of plastic films for various applications. It involves the extrusion of a molten polymer through a circular die, followed by the inflation of the extruded tube to the desired thickness and width. This process is widely used in the packaging industry for the production of bags, pouches, and other flexible packaging products. In this article, we will discuss the blown film process in detail, including the equipment used, the materials involved, and the various parameters that affect thequality of the final product.Equipment Used in the Blown Film Process。
The blown film process requires several pieces of equipment, including an extruder, a die, an air ring, a collapsing frame, and a winding system. Let's take a closerlook at each of these components.Extruder: The extruder is the heart of the blown film process. It is a machine that melts and homogenizes the plastic resin and feeds it to the die. The extruder consists of a hopper, a barrel, and a screw. The hopper is where the resin is loaded, and the screw is responsible for moving the material through the barrel and melting it. The barrel is heated to maintain a consistent temperature, and the screw is designed to create a pressure gradient that forces the molten plastic through the die.Die: The die is a circular-shaped component that shapes the molten plastic into a tube. It is made up of two parts: the mandrel and the die ring. The mandrel is a rod thatsits in the center of the die and creates the inner diameter of the tube. The die ring is a circular plate that surrounds the mandrel and shapes the outer diameter of the tube.Air Ring: The air ring is a device that blows air onto the extruded tube to cool it down and stabilize its shape.It is located at the exit of the die and is designed to provide a uniform flow of air around the tube.Collapsing Frame: The collapsing frame is a set of rollers that flattens the tube as it exits the air ring. It is designed to prevent the tube from collapsing and to maintain its shape.Winding System: The winding system is responsible for collecting the finished film and winding it onto a roll. It consists of a set of rollers that guide the film onto a core and a motor that drives the system.Materials Used in the Blown Film Process。
挤出成型 英语
挤出成型英语Extrusion Molding: A Versatile Manufacturing ProcessExtrusion molding is a widely used manufacturing process that has become an integral part of modern industrial production. This technique involves the continuous shaping of raw materials, such as plastics, metals, ceramics, or composites, into a desired cross-sectional profile. The process is characterized by its efficiency, versatility, and ability to produce a wide range of products, from simple tubes and pipes to complex architectural elements and automotive parts.At the heart of the extrusion process is a machinery known as an extruder. This machine consists of a hopper, a barrel, and a screw or ram that drives the material through the barrel. The raw material, in the form of pellets, powders, or liquids, is fed into the hopper and then transported through the barrel by the rotating screw or the linear motion of the ram. As the material moves through the barrel, it is subjected to a combination of heat and pressure, which softens or melts the material, allowing it to be forced through a die at the end of the barrel.The die is the key component that gives the extruded product its desired shape. The die can be designed to create a wide variety of cross-sectional profiles, such as circular, rectangular, or even more complex shapes. The extruded material is then cooled, either by air or water, to solidify the shape and maintain its structural integrity.One of the primary advantages of extrusion molding is its ability to produce parts with a consistent and uniform cross-section. This is particularly important in applications where precise dimensional control is required, such as in the production of pipes, window frames, or electrical conduits. Additionally, extrusion molding is a highly efficient process, as it can produce large quantities of parts with minimal waste and at a relatively low cost.Another significant advantage of extrusion molding is its versatility. This process can be used to manufacture a wide range of products, from simple plastic bags to complex composite materials used in the aerospace industry. The choice of raw material is also diverse, with plastics, metals, ceramics, and even food products being commonly extruded.In the field of plastics, extrusion molding has become a dominant manufacturing technique. Thermoplastic materials, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and PVC, are extensively used in extrusion processes to create a variety of products, including pipes,sheets, films, and profiles. The ability to continuously extrude these materials makes the process highly efficient and cost-effective, contributing to its widespread adoption in the plastics industry.Beyond plastics, extrusion molding is also used in the production of metal and ceramic products. In the metal industry, extrusion is used to create a wide range of shapes, from simple rods and tubes to complex architectural elements and automotive components. The process is particularly useful for shaping hard-to-machine materials, such as aluminum and titanium. In the ceramic industry, extrusion is used to produce bricks, tiles, and other structural components, taking advantage of the material's ability to be shaped and formed under high pressure and temperature.Extrusion molding also plays a crucial role in the development of composite materials. These materials, which combine two or more distinct components, can be extruded to create products with enhanced mechanical, thermal, or electrical properties. The continuous nature of the extrusion process allows for the uniform blending and shaping of these composite materials, making it an essential technique in the production of advanced engineering materials.As technology advances, the extrusion molding process continues to evolve, with improvements in machinery, die design, and processcontrol. These advancements have led to the development of specialized extrusion techniques, such as co-extrusion, which allows for the simultaneous production of multiple layers or materials within a single extruded product. Additionally, the integration of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technologies has further enhanced the precision and efficiency of extrusion molding, enabling the production of increasingly complex and customized parts.In conclusion, extrusion molding is a versatile and efficient manufacturing process that has become indispensable in a wide range of industries. Its ability to continuously shape raw materials into a variety of cross-sectional profiles, coupled with its cost-effectiveness and scalability, has made it a dominant force in the production of a diverse array of products, from everyday consumer goods to high-performance engineering components. As the demand for innovative and customized products continues to grow, the importance of extrusion molding in the manufacturing landscape is poised to remain strong for years to come.。
混合与混炼设备
三、连续混炼设备
4、多螺杆挤出机（Multi Screw Extruder）
三、连续混炼设备
4、多螺杆挤出机（Multi Screw Extruder） 特点
二、混炼设备
1、开炼机（Mill） 工作原理
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二、混炼设备
1、开炼机（Mill） （1）剪切作用
（2）拖曳作用
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粉料干混、塑料着色、PVC配料 填充混合物的初混合 适于密度接近的物料混合
立式螺带混合机：不仅适用于干粉状或颗粒状物料的 混合，而且适用于湿物料的混合
一、初混合设备
3、Z 型捏合机（Z-Tape Blender） 基本结构 组 成：转子、混合室、驱动装置 混合室：底部呈鞍形，上、下有加料口 钢槽有夹套（加热或冷却）
机
密炼 转 机的 子 工作 转 容积 速
XM-270/40 X（S）M — 75 / 30 / 20
二、混炼设备
2、密炼机（Mixer） 工作原理
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二、混炼设备
（1）剪切作用 突棱间距：2~4mm 突棱与室壁间距：~2mm 转子表面有螺旋状突棱，其表面各点到转子 轴中心距离不同→线速度不同→剪切速率
20853914_热塑性淀粉
作者简介：石红锦（1980-），女，副教授，硕士，主要从事高分子材料方面教学与研究工作。
收稿日期：2019-11-04因加工、使用性能好，塑料制品越来越多，使用后的废弃物也随之增加，因为塑料在自然界中几乎不能降解[1]，塑料废弃物给环境造成了严重的污染，现有的处理方法一般是焚烧、掩埋、回收再利用，并没有从实际上解决污染问题[2]。
为了从根本上有效解决废弃塑料带来的环境污染问题，人们开始研究能降解、对环境无污染的塑料，力图从源头上解决污染问题[3]。
可降解塑料有很多种类，其中完全生物降解塑料可以被自然界的细菌、霉菌等微生物降解成小分子重新进入自然界循环[4]，废弃后容易处理并对环境完全没有污染。
因此本文将制备完全生物降解塑料作为研究方向。
本研究想要制备一种价格低、性能高、无污染的完全生物降解塑料，选用了能降解、安全无污染的原材料植物油、淀粉、聚乳酸，先使用植物油、淀粉制备热塑性淀粉，再与聚乳酸共混、造粒制备热塑性淀粉/聚乳酸共混材料[5]，经性能检测，可用其生产日常塑料制品。
1 实验部分1.1 实验原料及设备玉米淀粉：食用级，黑龙江鹏程生化有限公司，使用前需要干燥；玉米油：食品级，中粮佳悦有限公司；大豆油：食品级，中粮佳悦有限公司；聚乳酸（PLA ）：粒料，美国NatureWorks 公司。
双螺杆挤出机：SJSZ20，武汉怡扬塑料机械有限公司；高速混合机：GH -10，武汉怡扬塑料机械有限公司；注塑机：F1260，宁波市鄞州甬通机械有限；Brabender 黏度仪：MVAG 803202，德国Brabender 仪器公司；热重/差热综合热分析仪：Diamond TG/DTA ，美国PerkinElmer 有限公司；微控电子万能试验机：MZ -5000D ，江苏明珠试验机械有限公司1.2 实验方法（1）热塑性淀粉的制备淀粉预先干燥后，按配料比加入到双螺杆挤出机的料斗中，其加料速度为20 g/min 左右，植物油定时、定量分阶段喷洒加入料斗，设定挤出机的各段温度和螺杆转速。
SACMI轻金属旋开式防盗瓶盖生产线说明书
ALUMINUM ROPP CAP - MASC CAP铝旋盖(ROPP)塑料防盗环铝旋盖(MASC)生产线AluminumROPP cap MASC capProduction lineS A C M I C LO S U R E S, C O N TA I N E R S & P E T铝盖应用于玻璃容器，适用于包括矿泉水、天然水、非酒精及酒精类饮料、保健品及果汁类产品。
萨克米铝旋盖生产设备适用于生产ROPP 和RO 铝盖，除高效和高产的优点之外，其密封性能优越，与容器匹配完美，易开易旋，并遵守与产品、包装、环境相关的法律和规章制度。
ROPP: 铝制旋开式防盗瓶盖RO: 铝制旋开式瓶盖铝制旋开式防盗瓶盖(ROPP)萨克米专业领域和竞争优势铝旋盖(ROPP)Aluminum caps are used to close glass bottles filled with mineral and natural waters, non-alco-holic and alcoholic beverages, pharmaceutical and technical contents or juices.SACMI machines are engineered to produce ROPP (roll-on pilfer proof) caps and RO that are cost-effective, provide an effective seal (and barrier), are compatible with contents, easily opened by the consumer, are often reclosable and comply with product, packaging and envi-ronmental laws and regulations.ROPP: Rool on pilfer proof RO: Roll onRoll On Pilfer Proof CapsSACMI SKILLS AND COMPETENCERopp capsALUMINUM ROPP CAP - MASC CAP多样适用于玻璃/PET 容器，包括可回收及不可回收容器性能采用非PVC-内垫以利于瓶盖密封铝制不易生锈，可回收再利用可持续性瓶盖开启后防盗环与瓶盖相连，易于容器再次使用简单易开易开易旋，安全密封非VERSATILITYthey fit glass/PET necks, for both returnable and non-returnable bottles PERFORMANCEPVC-free liner provides optimum sealing ALUMINUMdoes not rust, and can be recycled forever SUSTAINABILITYTE band remains with the closure after opening, favouring bottle re-use USER FRIENDLINESSeasy and safe opening and re-sealingPVC FREE LINER ALUMINUM SHELLS A C M I C LO S U R E S, C O N TA I N E R S & P E T28X18 MM 38X18 MM31.5X18 MM28X15.5 MM 铝制旋开式防盗瓶盖（含内垫及防盗环）适用于水、啤酒、葡萄酒、软饮及功能性饮料产品。
screw turn的英文 螺纹
screw turn的英文螺纹Screw Turn: The English Term for 螺纹IntroductionIn the world of mechanical engineering and manufacturing, various terms and jargon are used to describe different components, processes, and techniques. One such term is "螺纹" in Chinese, which refers to the screw thread. In the English language, the equivalent term for 螺纹 is "screw turn." This article aims to explore the meaning and significance of the English term "screw turn" and its relevance in mechanical engineering.Definition of Screw TurnScrew turn is a technical term used in mechanical engineering to describe the spiral-shaped ridges and grooves on a screw, bolt, or nut. These ridges and grooves are designed to engage with a corresponding thread, allowing for the secure fastening of components. The thread is formed by rotating a screw or a tap into a pre-drilled hole or nut, creating a helical path. The English term "screw turn" perfectly captures the essence of this process, emphasizing the turning or twisting motion involved in creating a screw thread.Types of Screw TurnsThere are several different types of screw turns, each serving a specific purpose in mechanical applications. The most common types of screw turns include:1. V-Thread: This type of screw turn features a V-shaped thread profile, where the thread angle is usually 60 degrees. V-threads are commonly used in applications that require high load-bearing capacity and easy assembly, such as in machinery and automotive components.2. Acme Thread: Acme threads have a trapezoidal-shaped profile, with a thread angle of 29 degrees. These threads are widely used in power transmission systems, such as leadscrews and jack screws, due to their ability to handle heavy loads and provide smooth operation.3. Buttress Thread: The buttress thread is a combination of a V-thread and a flat thread. It has one side with a 45-degree angle, providing high resistance to axial forces in one direction. Buttress threads are often found in applications that involve heavy lifting or high-pressure fluid flow.4. Square Thread: Square threads have a square-shaped profile, with a thread angle of 90 degrees. These threads offer high efficiency in converting rotational motion into linear motion, making them suitable for power transmission in various industrial machinery and equipment.Importance of Screw Turns in Mechanical EngineeringScrew turns play a crucial role in mechanical engineering and manufacturing for several reasons:1. Fastening: The primary function of screw turns is to securely fasten components together. By engaging the screw thread, a strong and reliable connection is created, ensuring stability and preventing unwanted movement or loosening.2. Load Distribution: Screw turns distribute the load or force applied to a joint or connection evenly across the engaged threads. This helps to minimize stress concentration and prevent localized failures, enhancing the overall strength and durability of the assembly.3. Adjustability: Screw turns offer the advantage of adjustability, allowing for the precise control of the clamping force or tension in a joint. By tightening or loosening the screw, the degree of compression or separation between components can be easily modified.4. Versatility: Screw turns can be found in a wide range of mechanical applications, from small consumer electronics to large industrial machinery. Their versatility allowsfor the reliable and efficient fastening of various materials, such as metals, plastics, and wood.ConclusionIn the field of mechanical engineering, the English term "screw turn" serves as the equivalent of the Chinese term "螺纹," describing the spiral-shaped ridges and grooves on screws, bolts, and nuts. Understanding the different types of screw turns and their applications is essential for engineers and manufacturers in the design, assembly, and maintenance of mechanical systems. The precise and accurate formation of screw turns ensures the integrity, strength, and functionality of countless products and machinery that we rely on in our daily lives.。
橡胶复合改性沥青制备工艺优化及规模化应用
橡胶复合改性沥青制备工艺优化及规模化应用*兰伟伟1，殷卫永2,31 河南交通投资集团有限公司济洛西项目部Ὃ河南济源4590002 河南省交通规划设计研究院股份有限公司Ὃ河南郑州4500003 河南省固废材料道路工程循环利用重点实验室Ὃ河南郑州450000Ὀ摘要：为总结橡胶复合改性沥青在河南省应用经验，促进橡胶复合改性沥青推广应用，从制备工艺、与SBS 改性沥青性能对比、规模化应用效果测评三方面分析了橡胶复合改性沥青在河南省应用实践情况，结果表明：橡胶粉在双螺杆挤出机中机械剪切速率建议为88~112 r/min ，螺杆温区最高温度建议为270~290 ℃。
脱硫橡胶粉和SBS 复合改性沥青经4000r/min 高速剪切和动态硫化处理后可保持良好储存稳定性。
与常规SBS 改性沥青相比，橡胶复合改性沥青常规路用性能和疲劳耐久性更优，疲劳性能提高20%~40%，老化后疲劳耐久性衰减程度较小。
橡胶复合改性沥青已在河南省高速公路、国省道干线公路新建及大中修养护项目应用710.6km ，在重载交通下运营4年后路面技术状况评价仍为“优”。
橡胶复合改性沥青路面在河南省实际工程中应用状况较好，可进一步推广应用。
关键词：道路材料；橡胶复合改性沥青；河南省；规模化应用；实践中图分类号：U 414Optimization of Preparation Process and Large-scale Application of RubberComposite Modifi ed AsphaltLAN Wei-wei 1, YIN Wei-yong 2,3(1 Jiluoxi Project Department of Henan Transportation Investment Group Co., Ltd., Jiyuan 459000, Henan, China; 2 Henan Provincial Communications Planning & Design Institute Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China; 3 Henan KeyLaboratory of Recycling Solid Waste Materials for Road Engineering, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China)Abstract: In order to summarize the application experience of rubber composite modifi ed asphalt in Henan Province and promotethe promotion and application of rubber composite modifi ed asphalt, the application practice of rubber composite modifi ed asphalt in Henan Province was analyzed from three aspects: preparation process, performance comparison with SBS modifi ed asphalt, and evaluation of large-scale application eff ect. The results show that the recommended mechanical shear rate of rubber powder in twin screw extruder is 88 r/min~112 r/min. The recommended maximum temperature in the screw temperature range is 270 ℃ to 290 ℃. The desulfurization rubber powder and SBS composite modifi ed asphalt can maintain good storage stability after high-speed shear and dynamic vulcanization treatment at 4000 r/min. Compared with conventional SBS modifi ed asphalt, rubber composite modifi ed asphalt has better road performance and fatigue durability, with a 20% to 40% increase in fatigue performance. The degree of fatigue durability degradation after aging is relatively small. Rubber composite modifi ed asphalt has been applied for 710.6 kilometers in the construction and maintenance projects of highways and national and provincial trunk roads in Henan Province. After 4 years of operation under heavy traffi c, the technical condition of the pavement is still evaluated as "excellent". The application of rubber composite modifi ed asphalt pavement in practical projects in Henan Province is good and can be further promoted and applied.Key words: road materials; rubber composite modifi ed asphalt; Henan Province; large-scale application; practice *基金项目：河南省交通厅科技成果推广项目（2019T02）。
机械类专业英语单词
⏹Unit1⏹lubricant：n.润滑剂⏹graphite ：n.石墨⏹polymer ：n.聚合材料，聚合体⏹cobalt：n. Co. 钴⏹foil n.箔，金属薄片⏹beverage can n.饮料罐⏹maganesium ：n. Mg[化]镁⏹amorphous n.非晶体⏹chromium ：n. Cr.铬⏹nick n.刻痕、缺口⏹dent n.凹、凹痕⏹valence n.（化合）价、原子价⏹photon n. [物]光子⏹piezoelectric n.压电晶体⏹superconductor n.超导体⏹sintering v.烧结⏹refractive index 折射率⏹degradation n.降级, 降格, 退化⏹modulus n.系数, 模数⏹covalent adj.[化]共有原子价的,共价的⏹covalent bond 共价键⏹matrix n.矩阵、基体⏹thermoset polymer 热固塑料⏹permeability n.渗透性⏹polyisobutylene n.[化]聚异丁烯⏹elastomeric adj.弹性体的⏹crystallinity n.结晶性、结晶度⏹molecular weight 分子量⏹hydrophilic adj.亲水的⏹hydrophobic adj.恐水的⏹die ：n.模具⏹stress-strain 应力-应变⏹yield point：屈服点⏹tensile strength ：抗拉强度⏹chlorine：n. cl，氯⏹nitrogen ：n. N, 氮⏹be prone to ：易于，有…的倾向⏹anodic：adj. 阳极的⏹cathodic ：adj. 阴极的⏹polyester ：n.聚酯⏹gasket：n.垫圈、衬垫⏹bronze ：n.青铜⏹nickel silver ：n.镍黄铜⏹coefficient of thermalconductivity：导热系数⏹coefficient of linearexpansion ：线性热胀系数⏹thermostat：n.恒温器⏹resistivity ：n.抵抗力、电阻系数⏹dielectric strength：绝缘强度⏹ferromagnetic ：adj. 铁磁的、铁磁体⏹transmittance ：n. 透射⏹reflectance ：n. 反射比、反射系数⏹aluminum：n. Al. 铝⏹molybdenum：n.钼⏹tungsten ：n.钨⏹silicon ：n.硅⏹vanadium ：n.钒⏹eutecoid ：a.共析的⏹hypoeutectoid: a.亚共析的⏹hypereutectoid: a.过共析的⏹proeutectoid: a.先共析的⏹cementite ：n.渗碳体⏹ferrite ：n.铁素体Unit2 Heat Treatment of Matals⏹Centigrade degree ：℃摄氏温度⏹Fahrenheit degree：℉华氏温度⏹etch v.蚀刻⏹nitric acid 硝酸⏹pearlite n.珠光体⏹microscopic examination 金相试验⏹hardening：v.淬火⏹hardenability ：n.淬透性⏹quench：v.淬火⏹tempering ：v.回火⏹martensite：n.马氏体⏹precipitation：n. 沉淀（物），析出（物）⏹agglomeration ：n.凝聚、结块⏹coalescence ：n. 聚集、合并⏹salt bath：盐浴⏹austemper：n. A（奥氏体）回火⏹martemper n. M（马氏体）回火⏹nitriding 渗氮⏹crystalline a.n.结晶的（体），晶体的⏹normalizing 正火⏹spheroidizing 球化处理⏹carburizing 渗碳⏹case hardening：表面硬化⏹carbonaceous ：a.碳的，含碳的⏹charcoal n. 木炭⏹coke n.焦碳⏹carbonitriding：v. 碳氮共渗、氰化⏹ammonia n.氨水⏹cyaniding v.氰化⏹sodium cyanide 氰化钠⏹nitriding v.渗氮⏹Brinell n.布氏硬度⏹alkalie n.碱⏹crude oil：原油Unit3 Casting Processes⏹pour v.浇注⏹inject v. 注射、注入⏹mold n.模子,铸型⏹Cavity n. 型腔⏹bronze n. 青铜⏹brass n.黄铜⏹sprue n.浇注口、直浇道⏹runner n.横浇道⏹void n.空隙、缩孔⏹Shink n.收缩⏹flask n.长颈瓶, 烧瓶，砂箱⏹cope n.上箱⏹drag n.下箱⏹core print 型芯座、型芯头⏹gating system 浇注系统⏹Parting line 分型线、接合线⏹draft n. 拔模斜度⏹pouring cup 浇口盆⏹vent n.通风孔、排气孔⏹allowance n.余量、公差⏹bonded sand 粘砂⏹bentonite n.斑脱土、膨润土⏹mull vt.研磨⏹compaction n.压紧、紧实⏹alignment pin 定位销⏹concave a. n. 凹的、凹面⏹chill n. 激冷铸型、金属冷铸模、冷铁⏹bake v.烘焙、干燥⏹mate v. 配合、紧密结合⏹crucible n.坩埚⏹degas v. 脱气、排气⏹backflow v.回流⏹dendrite n.树枝状结晶⏹homogenous a.均质的⏹eutectic a.共晶的⏹vibrating table振动台⏹sand/shot blaster喷丸清理机⏹Ｏxide n.氧化物⏹investment casting熔模铸造⏹lost wax casting 熔模铸造、失蜡铸造⏹pharaoh n.法老王（古埃及君主的称号）、暴君⏹intricate a.复杂的、精致的⏹turbine blade涡轮叶片⏹refractory a.难溶的、耐火的⏹refractory slurry 耐火涂料⏹robust a.坚固的、耐用的⏹oven n.炉子、烤箱、加热室⏹undercut n.下陷、凹部⏹mold permeability 充型能力⏹stellite n.钨铬钴合金、硬合金⏹hastelloyｎ．镍基合金⏹close tolerance紧公差⏹centrifugal casting离心浇铸（注）法⏹inclusion n.夹杂物⏹surface finish表面精度⏹OD:outer diameter 外径⏹ID: inner diameter内径⏹boiler n.锅炉⏹flywheel n.调速轮⏹cylinder liner气缸套⏹axis-symmetric a.轴对称的⏹expendable a.一次使用的、消耗性的Unit４Forging Processes⏹item n.产品、零件⏹hammer blow锤打、锤击⏹power hammer动力锤⏹anvilｎ．铁砧、砧座⏹semi-mechanized a.半机械化的⏹forging press 锻压机⏹quantity production 大量生产⏹open-die forging开模锻造⏹hammer forging锤锻⏹forging hammer 锻锤⏹closed-die forging闭模锻造⏹lateral a.横向的⏹upsetting n.钝锻、镦粗⏹die n.锻模⏹ram n.压头、顶杆⏹surface finish 表面光洁度⏹jet-aircraft 喷气式飞机（发动机）⏹hydraulic a.液压的、水压的⏹marine propeller 船用螺旋桨⏹shaft n.轴⏹drop-forge 落锤锻造、落锻⏹ingot n.钢锭、锭块⏹manipulaton n.操作、处理⏹crystal n.晶体、晶粒⏹finishing operation 最后（完成）工序⏹plating n.电镀⏹frame member 构件⏹recrystallization n.再结晶⏹forge hot 热锻⏹forge cold 冷锻⏹blacksmith n.锻工、铁工⏹impression die forging 模锻⏹die forging 模锻⏹die impression 刻印模、槽模⏹forging die 锻模⏹principal stress 主应力⏹press forging 压锻⏹upset forging 顶锻（镦粗）⏹bolt n.螺钉⏹fastener n.紧固件⏹roll forging 滚锻⏹leaf spring 板簧、片簧⏹swaging 型锻、模锻⏹net shape forging 净形锻造⏹blank 毛坯、坯体⏹tooling v. 加工⏹capital expenditure 基本建设费用、资本支出⏹thrust force 推力⏹rib n.肋板⏹shift n.移动、变化⏹round off 修整⏹lateral a.横向的、侧面的⏹stress-raiser 应力集中源⏹match v. n.配合、装配⏹powder metallurgy 粉末冶金⏹sintering v.烧结⏹compact v.压紧、塞满n.压制品、压块⏹coalesce n.熔合⏹compaction n.压紧⏹ferrous a.铁的、含铁的⏹nonferrous a.不含铁的、非铁的⏹ferrous metal 黑色（铁类）金属⏹nonferrous metal 有色金属⏹controlled atmosphere furnace保护气体炉、可控气氛炉Unit5 Powder Metallurgy⏹structural components 构件、结构零件⏹homogeneous a. 均匀的、相似的⏹compromise n. v.折衷、妥协⏹segregate v.隔离⏹dusting n.清扫、除尘⏹consolidation n. 压实、凝固、加强⏹elevated a.升高的、提高的⏹Whilst conj.时时、同时⏹bush n.轴瓦、衬套、轴套⏹bearing n.轴承⏹uniaxial a. 单轴的⏹atomize v.打碎、使成微粒、使雾化⏹elemental a.基本的、元素的、单体的⏹lithium n.[化]锂⏹stearate n.[化]硬脂酸盐⏹of say 比方说、大约、估计、假定⏹isostatic a.均衡的、等压的⏹membrane n.膜、隔膜⏹billet n.坯段⏹rectification n.校正、调整、清除⏹encapsulate v.封装、压缩⏹evacuate v.抽空、排空、搬空⏹contamination n.污染、污染物⏹densification n.压实、密封、稠化⏹yield strength 屈服强度⏹enclosure n.围住、盒子、外壳⏹metal injection moulding 金属注塑（射）成型⏹screw thread 螺纹⏹moulded plastic 模压塑料⏹skeleton n.骨骼、骨干、基体⏹impregnate v.注入、灌注、浸透⏹infiltrate v.渗透⏹cemented a.渗碳的、烧结的⏹thermoplastics n.热塑性塑料⏹thermosetting plastic 热固性塑料⏹elastomer n.人造橡胶⏹reciprocating a.往复的、来回的、摆动的⏹extruder n.压出机、挤压机⏹resin n.树脂v.涂树脂于⏹granule n.颗粒、细粒⏹eject v.驱逐、逐出、喷射⏹plunger n.活塞⏹stuffing n.填充物、填塞料⏹patent v.取得…的专利n.专利⏹celluloid n.赛璐珞、明胶Unit6 Injection Moulding⏹thermoplastics n.热塑性塑料⏹thermosetting plastic 热固性塑料⏹elastomer n.人造橡胶⏹reciprocating a.往复的、来回的、摆动的⏹extruder n.压出机、挤压机⏹resin n.树脂v.涂树脂于⏹granule n.颗粒、细粒⏹eject v.驱逐、逐出、喷射⏹plunger n.活塞⏹stuffing n.填充物、填塞料⏹patent v.取得…的专利n.专利⏹celluloid n.赛璐珞、明胶⏹encyclopedia n.百科全书⏹HDPE——high densitypolyethylene 高密度聚乙烯⏹rheology n.流变学、流变能力⏹margin n.利润⏹skimpy a.不足的、吝啬的⏹mat n.垫子、席子⏹analogy n.模拟、类似⏹fluidity n.流动性⏹entity n.实体⏹crystalline n.晶体⏹amorphous n.非晶体⏹solvent a.溶解的n.溶剂⏹polycarbonate n.[化]聚碳酸酯⏹opaque a.不透明的、不传热的⏹transparent a.透明的⏹chop v.剁碎、砍n.砍、排骨⏹clamp n.夹子、夹具v.夹紧⏹viscous a.粘性的、粘滞的⏹spine n.脊柱、中心⏹knockout n.脱模、脱壳、脱模机⏹bin n.容器、箱子⏹viscosity n.粘滞、粘性⏹orientation n.取向、方向、定位⏹shear thinning 剪切变稀，使界层内剪力变小⏹crystallinity n.结晶度、结晶性⏹overpack n.第二层包装⏹inhibit v. 抑制、约束⏹susceptibility (to) n.敏感性、灵敏度⏹stress crack 应力裂纹⏹transverse a.横向的、横断的⏹superimpose v.添加、双重、叠加、安装、配合⏹superimpose a.成阶层的、有层理的⏹biaxial a.二轴的⏹obstruction n.阻塞、妨碍、障碍物⏹molecular weight 分子量⏹process variable 工艺参数⏹tensile strength 抗拉强度⏹conveyor n.输送机、传送带⏹flash n. 余料、(模塑)溢料、（模锻）飞边、毛边⏹foam n.泡沫塑料⏹reground a.重新研磨的⏹elaborate a.精细的、精心制作的⏹hydraulics n.水力学⏹in attendance 负责、值班⏹warpage n.翘曲、扭曲、热变形⏹render v.致使、给予⏹cross-disciplinary 交叉学科的⏹lead time 订货至交货的时间⏹debugging n.调试Unit7 METAL CUTTING⏹machine tool 机床⏹rake angle (刀具)前角⏹rake face 前刀面⏹tip n.顶、尖端、末端⏹normal a.正交的、垂直的⏹dissipation n.消散、分散⏹mild steel 软钢、低碳钢⏹clearance angle 后角⏹flank face 后刀面⏹rub v.擦、摩擦⏹spoil v.损坏、破坏⏹feed rate 进给量⏹chip n.切屑、碎片⏹schematically adv.图解地、图示地⏹shear zone 剪切区域⏹yielding n.屈服、变形⏹chip curl 切屑螺旋、螺旋形切屑⏹strain n.应变、张力v.拉紧、扯紧⏹slip plane 滑移面、滑动面⏹categorise v.分类⏹BUE-built up edge 积屑瘤⏹shear strength 抗剪强度⏹dislodge v.驱逐、移走⏹planar a.平面的、平坦的⏹vector n.矢量⏹cater v.满足、迎合⏹fluctuation n.波动、起伏⏹coefficient n.系数⏹dissipate v.驱散、消散⏹geometry n.几何学⏹turning n.车削⏹nose radius 刀尖半径⏹surface geometry 表面几何图形⏹rigidity n.刚性、硬度⏹vibration n.振动⏹exert v.施加⏹equation n.方程式、等式、公式⏹erroneously adv.错误地、不正确地⏹coolant n.冷却液、冷却剂⏹investigation n.调查、研究⏹asperity n.微粒、凹凸不平⏹capillary n.毛细管 a.毛细作用的Unit8 Grinding⏹abrasive wheel 砂轮、磨轮⏹miniature a.缩小的、微型的⏹cutting edge 切削刃、刃口、刀刃⏹finishing process 精加工、最后的工序⏹cylindrical grinding machine外圆磨床⏹surface grinding 平面磨削⏹planer 刨工、刨机⏹reciprocating adj.往复的、来回的⏹planer-type reciprocating table刨床式往复工作台⏹periphery n.外围⏹fixture n.工作夹具⏹strap n.带、皮带，v.用带捆扎⏹strap clamp 带夹⏹clamping strap 夹板、压板⏹depth of cut 切削深度、背吃刀量⏹plunge-cut 切入式（横向进给）磨削⏹internal grinding 内圆磨削⏹planetary internal grinding 行星内圆磨削⏹rest blade 托板⏹cross feed 横向进给⏹longitudinal feed 轴向（纵向）进给⏹peripheral velocity 圆周速度⏹spin v. n. 旋转⏹centerless grinding 无心磨削⏹clog n. v.障碍、阻塞⏹recessed wheel 槽式轮⏹slotting 开槽、打孔⏹straight cup wheel 直角碗形砂轮⏹flaring cup 杯形(碗形)砂轮⏹emery n.金刚砂⏹corundum n.刚玉、金刚砂⏹carborundum n.碳化硅、金刚砂⏹silicate n.硅酸盐⏹resinoid n.树脂⏹shellac n.虫漆、虫胶⏹oxychloride n.氯氧化物Unit9 Lapping and Polishing⏹lap n.研磨盘、研具⏹close fit 紧配合、过盈配合⏹piston n.活塞⏹cylinder n.气缸、圆筒⏹plateau n.高地、高原⏹mountain range 山脉⏹grind down 磨平、碾碎⏹electropolishing 电解抛光⏹ion n.离子⏹electrolysis n.电解⏹electrolyte n.电解、电解液⏹film n.薄膜、膜层v.在…上覆以薄膜⏹dissolution n.分解、解散⏹depression n.凹陷处、坑、洞、低气压⏹projection n.凸出物⏹anodic a.阳极的⏹cathodic a.阴极的⏹stock n.原料、材料⏹chemical mechanical polishing化学机械抛光⏹integrated circuit 集成电路⏹wafer n.晶片、圆片⏹resilient a.弹回的、有回弹力的⏹pad n.垫、衬垫⏹reagent n.试剂、反应物⏹oxidation-reductive reaction氧化还原反应⏹desorption n.解吸附作用Unit10 Surface Engineering⏹tailor…to 适应（满足）…的要求⏹covering the surface 表面涂覆⏹resistivity n.电阻率⏹conversion coating 转化膜⏹thermal spraying 热喷涂⏹hot dipping 热浸、热镀⏹deposit v.沉淀、涂、喷镀⏹substrate n.基体、衬底⏹ionic a.离子的⏹nugget n.天然金块、矿块⏹ripple n.波纹，起波纹⏹replenishment n.补给、补充⏹potential n.潜能、电压 a.势的、位的⏹gun n.喷射器⏹PVD—Physical VaporDeposition 物理气相沉积⏹CVD—chemical VaporDeposition 物理气相沉积⏹conical a.圆锥的、圆锥形的⏹thermal evaporation 热蒸发（镀膜）⏹fragile a.易碎的、脆的⏹line of sight 视线、瞄准线⏹jet engineer n.喷气发动机⏹sputtering n.阴极真空喷镀、阴极溅镀⏹donor n.原料物质、杂质⏹atomise v.使分裂为原子，将…喷成雾状⏹radio-frequency sputtering 射频溅射⏹titanium nitride 氮化钛⏹volatilize v.挥发⏹decompose v.分解、使腐烂⏹nickel carbonyl 羰基镍⏹altering the surface 表面改性⏹electron beam treatment 离子束表面改性⏹ion implantation 离子注入⏹impinge v.撞击⏹coil n.线圈⏹lattice n.晶格⏹vacuum chamber 真空室、压力室⏹laser beam treatment 激光表面改性⏹dosage n.剂量、用量Unit11 Lathe and Turning⏹turning v.车削⏹lathe n.车床⏹engine lathe 普通车床⏹toolroom lathe 多轴车床⏹turret lathes 六角转塔式车床⏹vertical turning and boring mill旋转立式车床⏹grey cast iron 灰口铸铁⏹nodular cast iron 球墨铸铁⏹damp v.阻尼、衰减、抑止⏹headstock n.主轴箱⏹spindle n.主轴⏹carriage n.车架、床鞍⏹gearbox n. 变速箱⏹tool post 刀架、刀座⏹compound rest 复式刀架、（车床）小刀架⏹carriage （车床的）托板、溜板⏹tailstock n.尾架⏹quill n.主轴、套筒轴⏹tailstock quill 尾架顶尖套筒轴⏹face plate 划线平台、划线平板⏹nut n.螺母⏹guideway 导轨、导槽⏹twist drill 麻花钻⏹apron n.溜板箱⏹nose radii 刀尖半径⏹shank n.刀柄、刀把⏹lead screw 丝杠⏹feed rod 进给杆、光杆⏹HSS—high speed steel 高速钢⏹braze v.铜焊、钎焊⏹worm gear 涡轮⏹annular grooves 环形槽⏹trapezoidal adj.梯形的⏹thread form 牙形⏹clamp n.夹具、夹钳，v.夹紧⏹washer n. 垫圈⏹ribbon n.带子⏹cemented carbide 硬质合金、烧结碳化物⏹chip breaker 碎屑装置⏹seat n.刀座⏹contouring 仿形加工⏹helix n.螺旋、螺旋状物⏹pitch n.螺距⏹cross slide 横向拖板⏹shoulder n.轴肩⏹periphery n.外围⏹spiral n.螺旋 a.螺旋形的⏹crank v.转动曲柄⏹chuck n.卡盘v.用卡盘夹⏹apex n.顶点⏹stroke n.行程⏹disengagement n.脱离⏹kinematic adj.运动学的⏹gear train 轮系⏹knurling 滚花⏹file n.锉刀v.锉⏹guidelines n.指导方针⏹HSS:high-speed-steel 高速钢Unit12 Drilling and Milling⏹drilling n.钻孔、钻削⏹milling n.铣削⏹hand drill 手钻⏹drilling machine 钻床⏹flute n.凹槽⏹coolant n.冷却液⏹Shank n.手柄、柄部⏹wedge action 楔紧作用⏹socket n.孔、牙槽⏹tang n.扁尾、柄脚、刀柄⏹slot n.缝、狭槽，v.开槽于⏹chisel-like n.凿子，v.砍凿⏹chisel-like edge 横刃⏹twist drill 麻花钻⏹margin n.边缘、边界、空白⏹core drill 空心钻⏹conduit n.管道、导管⏹gun drill 深孔钻、枪孔钻⏹trepanning 开孔、打孔、钻眼⏹spade drill 扁钻⏹tangible adj.切实的⏹boring n.钻孔、镗孔⏹milling cutter 铣刀⏹helical a.螺旋状的⏹rake angle 前角、刀面角⏹relief angle 后角⏹versatile adj.通用的、万能的⏹up milling 逆铣⏹down milling 顺铣⏹backlash eliminator 齿隙消除器⏹horizontal milling machine卧式铣床⏹vertical milling machine 立式铣床⏹arbor n.轴、心轴⏹slitting saw 切割锯，开槽锯⏹spline n.花键、键槽，v.开键槽⏹dovetail groove 燕尾槽⏹rachet wheel 棘轮⏹gear hob 齿轮滚刀、滚齿刀⏹convex adj.凸起的⏹concave adj. 凹入的，n.凹、凹面⏹sintered carbide 烧结碳化物、硬质合金⏹heavy cuts 重切削、强力切削Unit13 JIGS AND FIXTURES⏹jigs n.钻模、夹具⏹fixture n.夹具⏹rib n.肋板⏹reamer n.绞刀⏹interchangeable a.可互换的⏹spare part n.备件⏹clearance n.间隙、距离⏹observance n.习惯、惯例⏹encroach v.侵占、超出界限⏹mutually adv.互相地、互助⏹translation n.平移⏹tap v.攻螺纹⏹bushing n.轴套、衬套⏹flange n.凸缘、法兰v.给…装凸缘⏹post n.杆、柱⏹drill plate 钻模⏹tenon n. [木工] 榫，凸榫，v. 造榫，榫接Unit14 LIMITS AND TOLERANCES⏹limit n.极限⏹tolerance n.公差⏹assembly drawing 装配图⏹detail drawing 零件图、详图⏹conversant adj.熟悉的、精通的⏹trigonometric adj.三角法的⏹unilateral adj.单边的⏹bilateral adj.双边的⏹interchangeability n.互换性⏹component part 零件、部件⏹individual part 单个零件⏹mating parts 配合件⏹tolerance zone 公差带⏹interference n.干涉、过盈⏹blanket note 注释⏹allowance n.允差⏹nominal size 名义尺寸、基本尺寸⏹force fit 压入配合⏹imperfection n.不完整性、非理想性⏹clearance fit 间隙配合⏹transition fit 过渡配合⏹interference fit 过盈配合⏹shaft-basis system 基轴制⏹hole-basis system 基孔制⏹horology n.钟表学Unit15 Unconventional Machining Processes(Ⅰ)⏹ultrasonic machining 超声波加工⏹electron-beam machining 电子束加工⏹plasma-jet machining 等离子喷射加工⏹etch v.蚀刻⏹electric current 电流⏹discharge n. v.放电⏹EDM：electro-dischargemachining 电火花加工⏹erode v.腐蚀、侵蚀⏹dielectric n.电介质，绝缘体，adj.非传导性的⏹reservoir n.水库、蓄水池⏹foul adj.淤塞的、肮脏的⏹debris n.碎片，残骸⏹capacitor n.电容器⏹servomechanism n. 伺服机构(系统), 自动控制装置⏹erode vt.侵蚀，腐蚀，vi.受腐蚀⏹ECM：electrochemicalmachining 电化学加工⏹electrolytic adj.电解的，由电解产生的⏹electrolyte n.电解、电解液⏹profiling n.压型、仿形加工⏹chloride n.[化]氯化物⏹chloride sodium n.[化]氯化钠⏹nitrate n.[化]硝酸盐、硝酸钾⏹sodium nitrate n.[化]硝酸钠⏹turbine blade 涡轮叶片⏹jet-engine n.喷气发动机⏹forging-die 锻模⏹die sinking 加工模腔、开模、制阴模⏹burr n.毛口、毛头v.去毛刺、磨光毛口⏹deburring n.修边、去除毛刺、倒角⏹oscillation n.振动⏹transducer n.变频器、换能器、传感器⏹amplitude n.振幅⏹of the order of 达到…的数量或程序⏹oscillate v.振动、振荡⏹concentration n.浓度⏹crater n.弹坑Unit16 Unconventional Machining Processes(Ⅱ)⏹laser beam machining 激光加工⏹coherent light beam 相干光束⏹amplification n.放大、扩大⏹stimulated emission 受激发射⏹coherency n.相干性⏹diverging angle 发散角⏹mrad:millirad (辐射吸收剂量单位)毫拉德⏹divergence n.发散性⏹bleeder hole 排气孔⏹fuel pump 燃油泵⏹hub n.轮毂、轴套⏹vane (螺旋浆等的)翼、叶片⏹flash lamp 闪光灯、光泵⏹focal length 焦距⏹tribological a.摩擦学的⏹punch n.冲压机、冲床v.冲孔⏹stylus n.铁笔⏹scroll roll 卷辊⏹stamping n. v.冲压⏹engraving n.雕刻术、雕版⏹vacuum chamber 真空室、压力室⏹kerf n.切口、截口⏹water-jet machining 水喷射加工⏹momentum n.动力、动量、冲量⏹gas turbine 燃气涡轮⏹hydrodynamic a.水利的、水压的⏹deburring n.修边、去毛刺⏹saw n.锯⏹jet-nozzle 喷嘴、喷射管⏹vinyl n.乙基烯、乙烯树脂⏹foam n.泡沫、泡沫塑料⏹dashboard n.仪表板、挡泥板⏹abrasive water-jet machining磨料喷射加工⏹ruby n.红宝石⏹sapphire n.蓝宝石、刚玉、青玉⏹photochemical machining 光化学加工⏹photoetching 光刻⏹photoresist n.感光树脂、光刻胶、光致抗蚀剂⏹etching n.蚀刻、蚀刻法⏹photo-tool 光刻掩模⏹film n.薄膜、胶片、膜层⏹developer n.显影、显影剂⏹irradiate v.照射⏹actinic a.光化的、光化学的⏹ultraviolet a.紫外线的、紫外的n.紫外线辐射⏹ultraviolet light 紫外线⏹laminate v.碾压、把…压成薄片⏹negative-working photoresist负性感光胶⏹emulsion n.感光乳剂⏹stencil n.模版、蜡纸⏹aperture n.孔、穴、缝隙⏹hydrochloric a.盐酸的⏹alphanumeric a.文字数字的。