2011 economics Quiz1Answer
Quiz试卷及答案1
Quiz试卷及答案读写教程第一册，单元测试卷一试卷编号：Book1-Quiz1 考试时间：120 分钟满分：100 分Part 1 Word Dictation (Each item: 0. 5) Directions: Listen and write down the words you hear. You are going to listen to the recording twice. During the first time, write the word that you hear. Check your answers as you listen the second time. 1. frustrate 2. communicate 3. embarrass 4. discipline 5. commitment 6. access 7. minimum 8. intimidate 9. medium 10. opportunity 11. environment 12. critical 13. concern 14. disgusting 15. offensive 16. negative 17. teenager 18. influence 19. guidance 20. curiosity Part 2 Understanding Long Conversations (Each item: 1) Directions: In this section you’ ll hear a long conversation or conversations. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear. Questions 21 to 25 are based on the same passage or dialog. 21. B A. She forgot most of her English. B. She returned to the regular class. C. She missed her best friend a lot. D. She became sad about her studies. 22. A A. Because her English was1/ 13very good. B. Because she had been in the wrong class. C. Because she wanted to study online. D. Because she didn’ t like the regular class much. 23. D A. It was exciting. B. It was challenging. C. It was rewarding. D. It was frustrating. 24. C A. She caught up with other studentsin the class. B. She managed to be at the top of the class.C. She had to be sent back to the regular class.D. She failed in the final exam despite her efforts. 25. B A. She should study together with her best friend. B. She should learn with teachers helping her study. C. She should study with students at the same level. D. She should not blame other people for her failure. Transcript: M: Hey, Chris! I didn’t expect to see you back in the regular English class. W: Hi, Alan. I didn’t expect to be back either. M: You don’t have to look so sad about it. W: To be honest, I feel like a failure. At the start of the school year, our teacher thought that my English was good enough for me to join a new class for Internet learners. After two months of study in the online class, I think my English got worse. M: What was the problem with the online class? W: Lots of things. For one, I was separated from my best friend. But the biggest problem was that I didn’t have anyone to help me. Without a teacher to tell me what to do, Inever knew what to do in class. I was so discouraged. Needless to say, my English didn’t improve at all. M: Do you really think that you should blame other people for your failures? W: What? M: I mean, you are responsible for your own studies, not your teacher or your friends. Maybe you should have worked harder to do well. W: Maybe there is something in your words, but my experience with the online class taught me that it is necessary to have someone who can direct my studies. Questions 1. What happened to Chris? 2. Why did Chris leave the regular class? 3. What did Chris think of her online studies? 4. What happened to Chris after a couple of months in the online class?5. What did Chris learn from her online studies? Part 3 Understanding Passages (Each item: 1) Directions: In this section you’ ll hear a passage or passages. Listen car efully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear. Questions 26 to 30 are based on the same passage or dialog. 26.B A. To go sightseeing in that country. B. To read the literature of that country. C. To communicate with people in that country. D. To learn more about the culture of that country. 27. A A. To do their work better. B. To get better jobs. C. To learn modern technology. D. To do3/ 13business with those countries. 28. D A. Using records and tapes. B. Using radio and TV programs. C. Going to evening classes. D. Using computers and the Internet. 29. D A. It is the best way of learning a foreign language. B. It is the most expensive way of learning a foreign language. C. Many people hope to learn a foreign language in this way. D. Many people find it unnecessary to learn a foreign language in this way. 30. C A. Books. B. Technology. C. Hard work. D. Teachers. Transcript: Before the Second World War, people usually learnt a foreign language in order to read the literature of the country. Now they need the language in order to do their work better. Every year millions of people start learning a new language. How do they do it? Some people try at home, with books and records or tapes; some use radio or television programs; others go to evening classes. It is easier to learn a language in the country where it is spoken. However, most people cannot afford this, and for many it is not necessary. No matter how they study, however, learning a language is hard work. Machines and good books will help, but they cannot do the students’ work for them. Questions 1. Why did people learn a foreign language before the Second World War? 2. Why do people learn a foreign language now? 3. Which of the followingis not mentioned as a way for people to learn a foreign language?4. What does the speaker say about learning a foreign languagein the country where it is spoken? 5. What is the most important factor in learning a foreign language? Questions 31 to 35 are based on the same passage or dialog. 31. C A. Nearly 10, 300 people listened to music. B. Music is neither air nor water. C. Students think music is important. D. Life is important to most students. 32. A A. They listen to music whenever they are free. B. They listen to Chinese but not English music. C. They listen to neither English nor Chinese music. D. They listen to Pop and RB styles of music.33. A A. It was the most popular style. B. It was liked less than RB. C. It was liked less than Country. D. It was liked less than Hip-hop. 34. D A. Parents often influence their children’ s tastes. B. Parents and children listen to varieties of styles. C. Parents and children often listen to the same music. D. Parents have very little influence on their children. 35. D A. 73 percent. B. 33 percent. C.13 percent. D. 3 percent. Transcript: Music is not air. Neither is it water. But for many senior high students, music is an important part of life. This result was found following5/ 13a teen magazine’s summer survey on readers’ attitudes to music. Nearly 10,300 readers replied to the survey. Over half,52 percent, said that they listen to music whenever they are free. Just 0.5 percent of students said they never listen to music. Most listen to both English and Chinese songs. But, the survey showed that students have very different tastes and enjoy a wide variety of styles. About 32 percent of students listen to Pop music. Behind Pop came RB, Country, Rock, Hip-hop and others. Parents have the least effect on students’ tastes and do not enjoy the same music. Just three percent of students listen to music that their parents introduced them to. Questions 1. What was found by the teen magazine’s summer survey? 2. What did 52 percent of people say on the survey?3. How did people respond in the survey about Pop music?4. How do parents and children relate musically?5. What percentof children listen to the music their parents introduce? Part 4 Fill in the Blanks (with the Initial Letters Provided) (Each item: 1) Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the help of the first letter(s) . Use only ONE word to fill in each blank. 36. Exercise is very rewarding, because you will become stronger and healthier after doing it. 37. The young man feltfrustrated, because he could not please his father no matter how hard he tried. 38. The book was frustrating to read because even after using a dictionary I still couldn’ t understan d all the difficult words. 39. I started to learn to speak English at a night school when I was still a junior officer in the National Guard. 40. It’ s a very different park, unlike any other that I have come across before. 41. Generally a place is public if the majority of the public has access to it. 42. Chinese is still the main medium of instruction in China for English language learning. 43. A child who acts poorly in public can easily embarrass his parents, because it makes them look bad in the eyes of other people. 44. Keep a positive attitude towards yourself, instead of thinking negative about who you are, and you will reap tremendous benefits. 45. After more than 20 years of achieving very little, research into tuberculosis is just now beginning to reap the benefits of developments in medical treatment. 46. Even though she tries to hide her feelings, I can see she’ s pretty upset by the letter. 47. If you burst into tears, laughter, or song, you suddenly begin to cry, laugh, or sing. 48. The doctor will also give you a thorough checkup in which he will talk to7/ 13you about where to have your baby and tell you how to look after yourself. 49. He went out for a run after having a piece of toast and a cup of coffee. 50. Tuneless music and voices do not sound pleasant. 51. Abu is not his real name, but it’s one he uses to disguise（掩饰） his identity. 52. Jane felt moved by her parents’ deep concern, which only a week ago she viewed as her mother bugging her. 53. TV may have a negative as well as a positive influence on children, so we should take care to select good programs for children to watch.54. The heat, the noise, and the smell of the other passengers disgusted him and kept him from using the subway.55. You’ ll need patience and understanding if you’ re going to be a parent. Part 5 Fill in the Blanks (with Prepositions or Adverbs) (Each item: 1) Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with an appropriate preposition or adverb. Fill in each blank with only ONE word. 56. The hotel provides a shoe cleaning service for guests. 57. The search provided the police with several vital clues. 58. He was short of breath as he was running hard to keep up with the other runners. 59. He decided that he would drive back to town instead of spending the night at the hotel. 60. She is in a bit of a bad mood because she’ s just given up smoking. 61.Walking for exercise may be boring at times but early on a clear sunny morning there can be nothing finer. 62. Far from being relaxed, we both felt so uncomfortable we hardly spoke. 63. Story telling has played a role in many societies for thousands of years before the start of written history. 64. After a whole day’ s hard work, Bob really felt like having a rest. 65. When they first traveled to Africa, they were not aware of the challenges facing millions of people who were trying to survive.66. The mother grew worried about her son, as she hadn’ t heard from him for more than a month. 67. We must awaken people to the dangers for the environment. 68. Jobs are hard to get and, as a result, more young people are continuing their education. 69. You might find it helpful to plan what you will say in advance and to talk it over first with someone you believe.70. I was hard on my eldest son, and he, in turn, was mean to his little brother. 71. She reached for her telephone and dialed the number of a friend. 72. She soon found that it wasn’ t easy to get ahead in the movie business. 73. Maggie burst into tears at the sight of the house and the small familiar crowd waiting for her outside the wooden gate of the garden.74. The next morning, Ian woke her up with a cup of tea and9/ 13said he was sorry about last night. 75. Rather than go straighton to university why not get some work experience first? Part 6 Cloze (with Options) (Each item: 1) Directions: Read the following passage carefully and choose the best answer from the choices. Questions 76 to 95 are based on the following passage. I am talking to the children in the street and also thinking about the very difficult question of how bestto learn their language. The problem is 76. simple. Learning a first language is easy. These children, for example, started listening to their own language even before they were born and they will keep 77. it throughout their lives. They aren’ t even aware they are learning it most of time. I, however, have not had 78. to or the benefit of speaking and listening to my second language 79. a very young age. I am often 80. trying to express myself in my second language. I want to be like the children I see on the street who can speak the 81. language so well. I make myself 82. better by telling myself that I have more experience and knowledge than those children and so I can 83. better. But, instead of holding on to this 84. thought for a couple of moments, I turn right around and remind myself that having knowledge and experience is not always 85. . For example, knowledge andhabits that I have taken from my first language often cause me to make mistakes that a child 86. never make. In fact, I have reaped very few 87. being an older language learner. I think about how I can keep notes to help me remember what I have learned 88. young children cannot. But, of course, if I 89. the memory of a child, I would not need to keep so many notes. Sometimes I feel like just 90. . A child must gather information about a language from all around and use that language for many years in order to communicate well. The same is 91. for me. But, 92. a child, I use experience and insight I’ ve 93. and find opportunities to try to discuss more difficult subjects and, 94. , I often make bigger mistakes than a child would. When I ask for directions or 95. myself, I embarrass myself. I should only talk to the children on the street for now. 76. far from 77. practicing 78. access 79. from 80. frustrated 81. same 82. feel 83. communicate 84. comforting 85. positive 86. would 87. benefits 88. while 89. had 90. giving up 91. true 92. unlike 93. gathered 94. as a result 95. introduce Part 7 Vocabulary and Structure (Each item: 1) Directions: Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C11/ 13and D. 96. She felt like _ C __ frustration, but she wasdetermined not to lose her self-control. A. to cry outof B. to cry for C. crying out of D. crying for 97. Allanimals communicate, but our special method of speech is ____B __ to human beings. A. aware B. unique C.absolute D. continual 98. The method he used turned out tobe ___ A ____ in improving the students’ English.A. effectiveB. abilityC. responseD. explicit 99. Theboss refused to give any ___B____ on the fact that his workerswere out of jobs. A. response B. comment C. answer D.reply 100. The police searched the city in an effort to catchthe man who __D____ the murder last week. A. limited B. madeC. didD. committed 101. They had to examine the dead tigerbefore they were ___A____ as to who killed it. A. positiveB. seniorC. virtualD. vital 102. He could be ___B_____about everything else in the world, but not about Manet, hisloving child. A. visual B. critical C. favorite D.essential 103. It was hard work but we all felt ___C_____ atthe end of the project. A. embarrassed B. frustrated C.rewarded D. challenged 104. The combination of virtual andtraditional learning will ___D_____ the scope of every lessonand increase the students’ interest. A. reflect B.instruct C. hinder D. expand 105. It would be best to deal with these issues at once, before problems ____A____. A. arise B. reflect C. expand D. challenge 106. Jane said to her husband, Don’ t worry. There is no cause for ___B_____ about our dau ghter’ s ability to manage herself. A. care B. concern C. attention D. love 107. The tap won’ t ____A____, and there is water all over the floor. A. turn off B. turn down C. turn on D. turn up 108. Wearing the right shoes and clothes ___B_____ being fit can make all the difference. A. in addition B. as well as C. also D. too 109. Please go away and let me get on with my work ___A_____. A. in peace and quiet B. at peace C. for silence D. in quietly 110. The idea ___A_____ to him so much that he took it without hesitation.A. appealedB. interestedC. drewD. attracted13/ 13。
尼科尔森微观经济学第11版笔记和课后习题答案
尼科尔森《微观经济理论——基本原理与扩展》（第11版）笔记和课后习题详解内容简介尼科尔森著作的《微观经济理论基本原理与扩展》(第11版)是世界上最受欢迎的中级微观经济学教材之一,被国内部分院校(如北京大学、中国人民大学、南京大学等)列为考研考博重要参考书目。
为了帮助学员更好地学习这本教材,我们精心编著了它的配套辅导用书(手机端及电脑端均可同步使用):1.尼科尔森《微观经济理论——基本原与扩展》(第11版)笔记和课后习题详解2.尼科尔森《微观经济理论—基本原理与扩展》(第11版)课后习题详解3.尼科尔森《微观经济理论基本原理与扩展》(第11版)配套题库【课后习题章节题库(含名校考研真题)+模拟试题】本书是尼科尔森《微观经济理论基本原理与扩展》(第11版)教材的配套电子书,严格按照教材内容编写,共分19章,主要包括以下内容(1)整理复习笔记,浓缩内容精华。
每章的复习笔记以尼科尔森《微观经济理论基本原理与扩展》(第11版)为主,并结合其他微观经济学经典教材对各章的重难点进行了整理,因此,本书的内容几乎浓缩了经典教材的知识精华。
(2)解析课后习题,提供详尽答案。
本书参考大量相关辅导资料对尼科尔森著作的《微观经济理论基本原理与扩展》(11版)的课后习题进行了详细的分析和解答,并对相关重要知识点进行了延伸和归纳。
目录第一篇引言第1章经济模型1.1 复习笔记1.2 课后习题详解第2章微观经济学中的数学工具2.1 复习笔记2.2 课后习题详解第二篇选择与需求第3章偏好与效用3.1 复习笔记3.2 课后习题详解第4章效用最大化与选择4.1 复习笔记4.2 课后习题详解第5章收入效应与替代效应5.1 复习笔记5.2 课后习题详解第6章商品间的需求关系6.1 复习笔记6.2. 课后习题详解第三篇不确定性与策略第7章不确定性7.1 复习笔记7.2 课后习题详解第8章博弈论8.1 复习笔记8.2 课后习题详解第四篇生产与供给第9章生产函数9.1 复习笔记9.2 课后习题详解第10章成本函数10.1 复习笔记10.2 课后习题详解第11章利润最大化11.1 复习笔记11.2 课后习题详解第五篇竞争性市场第12章竞争性价格决定的局部均衡模型12.1 复习笔记12.2 课后习题详解第13章一般均衡和福利13.1 复习笔记13.2 课后习题详解第六篇市场势力第14章垄断14.1 复习笔记14.2 课后习题详解第15章不完全竞争15.1 复习笔记15.2 课后习题详解第七篇要素市场定价第16章劳动力市场16.1 复习笔记16.2 课后习题详解第17章资本和时间17.1 复习笔记17.2 课后习题详解第八篇市场失灵第18章不对称信息18.1 复习笔记18.2 课后习题详解第19章外部性与公共品19.1 复习笔记19.2 课后习题详解第二章微观经济学中的数学工具1.已知U(x,y)=4x2+3y2。
2011年宏经A卷(中文)
1. (10分) 一天，巴瑞理发公司得到了400美元的理发收入。
这天，他的设备折旧价值50美元，剩下的350美元中，巴瑞向政府缴纳了30美元的销售税，拿回家220美元的工资，留100美元未来添设新设备做生意。
巴瑞带回家的220美元中，他缴纳了70美元的所得税。
根据这些信息，计算巴瑞对下列收入度量指标的贡献：a. 国内生产总值b. 国民生产净值c.国民收入d. 个人收入e. 个人可支配收入2. (10 分) 解释宏观经济学家所定义的储蓄和投资之间的差异。
下列哪一种情形代表投资？哪一种代表储蓄？解释之。
a. 你的家庭拿到抵押贷款并买了一所新房子。
b. 你用你200美元的工资购买AT&T公司的股票。
c. 你的室友赚了100美元并把它存入了她的银行账户。
d. 你从银行借了1000美元买一辆汽车用于做送披萨饼的生意。
3. (10 分) 列举所有影响一国宏观经济绩效的因素。
其中，哪些属于总供给的方面的因素？哪些属于总需求方面的因素？在长期，央行可以仅仅通过扩张性的货币政策，如不断增加货币数量，来使经济持续增长吗？4. (15 分) 过去10年间，许多中国的储蓄被用于美国的投资。
更确切地说，中国政府一直在购买美国的资本资产，特别是美国国债。
a. 如果中国政府不再购买美国资产，美国的可贷资金市场会发生什么变动？特别是，美国的利率、储蓄与投资会发生什么变动？b. 美元价值和美国的贸易余额会发生什么变动？5. (15 分) 解释下列每一个事件对产出和物价水平的短期和长期效应，假设决策者不采取行动。
a. 股市急剧下降，减少了消费者的财富。
b. 政府增加国防支出。
c. 技术进步提高了生产率。
d. 国外衰退使外国人买的中国物品减少了。
e. 中国人民银行不断提高法定准备金率。
6. (20 分) 判断正误。
指出下列观点是否与你在宏观经济学中所学的知识相符，并说明你的观点。
a. 个人能够影响货币供给。
b. 国民收入核算体系度量GDP时没有重复计算。
2011考研经济类联考真题及答案
则： 。
38、求齐次线性方程组 的全部解（要求用基础解系表示）
【解析】
该齐次线性方程组的系数矩阵为：
，因此基础解析含解向量的个数为4-2=2。
因此可得到基础解系为：
。
故齐次线性方程组的通解为 。
39、确定 为何值时，矩阵 可逆，并求逆矩阵
【解析】
矩阵可逆，则其行列式不为0。
【答案】B
【解析】从选项中可以看出，本题是要求函数的极值，因此我们对该函数进行求导，得到：
， 。
由 得到两个驻点 和 。其中 ， 。
因此 为极小值点， 为极大值点。
24、设函数 在开区间 内有 ，且 ，则 在 内（ ）
（A）单调增加，图像上凹 （B）单调增加，图像下凹
（C）单调减少，图像上凹 （D）单调减少，图像下凹
即： 。
利用初等变化计算矩阵的逆矩阵。
因此 。
或者利用伴随矩阵来进行计算。
由于 ，则 ，则 。
方法一：
由于被积函数中含有 这个结构，可以利用三角换元，可以有：
方法二：
，令 ，则有：
。
因此原式为：
【快捷解法】
由于本题是不定积分，可以有选项求导来进行排除。
对于A项，求导得： ，很明显不正确。
对于B项，求导得： ，因此选择B。
23、函数 ，那么（ ）
（A） 为 的极大值点 （B） 为 的极小值点
（C） 为 的极大值点 （D） 为 的极小值点
根据定理可知，若向量组 可以由向量组 线性表示，且 线性无关，则有： 。故选择C。
28、若线性方程组 无解，则 （ ）
（A）6 （B）4 （C）3 （D）2
【答案】A
【解析】
2011年同等学力经济真题及参考答案部份
2011同等学力申硕经济考试真题及参考答案一、单项选择题(2分×8＝16分)略…二、名词解释(3分×4＝12分)1、等产量曲线(西经第3章)2、货币工资刚性(西经第12章)3、所有权特定优势(国经第7章)4、购买性支出和转移性支出(财经第2章)三、简述题(8分×4＝32分)1、用基数效用论解释需求曲线为什么向右下方倾斜(西经第2章)2、分析通货膨胀的成因及治理对策(货银第3章)3、简述三元悖论的含义(国经第8章)4、简述税收负担转嫁的影响因素(财政第4章)四、论述题(20分×2＝40分)1、试述准备金政策和公开市场业务操作的内容、作用过程及特点。
(货银第7章)2、用利益相关者逻辑，谈谈国有企业改革的共同治理原则。
(社经第5章)参考答案二、名词解释1、等产量线表示在技术水平不变的条件下，生产相同产量的所有生产要素的各种不同组合描述出来的轨迹2、货币工资刚性货币工资不随劳动需求和供给的变化而迅速做出相应的调整，特别是当劳动的需求量低于供给量时，货币工资下降出现刚性。
这主要是因为劳动者存在着对货币收入的幻觉。
货币体现在用于购买和支付的货币上，所以对这种通货膨胀也有通俗的说法：“过多的货币追求过少的商品”。
治理对策。
(1)、宏观紧缩政策：紧缩性货币政策和紧缩性财政政策。
紧缩性货币政策，在银行业中的行业术语叫抽紧银根或紧缩银根。
至于紧缩性财政政策的基本内容是削减政府支出和增加税收。
面对需求拉动型通货膨胀，(2)、增加有效供给也是治理之途。
有些国家采取的“供给政策”，其主要措施是减税，即降低边际税率以刺激投资，刺激产出。
3、简述三元悖论的含义克鲁格曼提出的“三元悖论”原则指出，一国不可能同时实现货币政策独立性、汇率稳定以及资本自由流动三大金融目标，只能同时选择其中的两个。
“三元悖论”原则可以用图1来直观表示。
“三元悖论”是指图中心位置的灰色三角形，即在资本完全流动情况下，如果实行严格的固定汇率制度，则没有货币政策的完全独立；如果要维护货币政策的完全独立，则必须放弃固定汇率制度；如果要使得固定汇率制度和货币政策独立性同时兼得，则必须实行资本管制。
2011al-e-econ
2011-AL-ECON ECONOMICSADVANCED LEVELAIMS AND OBJECTIVESThe examination will seek to test candidates' analytic abilities. Candidates are expected to be able to recognize the merits and limitations of economic theory, and emphasis should be given to their ability to apply their knowledge of economic analysis to practical problems.The objectives of the individual sections are as follows :Section A aims mainly at testing candidates' ability to understand basic economic theories and their applications.Section B aims mainly at testing candidates' understanding of concepts and theories.Section C aims mainly at testing candidates' ability to apply economic theories.THE EXAMINATIONThe examination will consist of two equally weighted papers, each of 3 hours duration, and candidates are required to answer all questions.Both Papers 1 and 2 will be divided into three sections : Section A will consist of multiple-choice questions; both Sections B and C will consist of short questions.All sections will carry equal weight.2011-AL-ECON THE SYLLABUSSyllabus Explanatory NotesPaper 11. The scope of economic analysis(i) Scarcity and the meaning of competition.(ii) Economics as an empirical science : basic postulates andmethodology.(iii) The meaning of utility, wealth, and income, and the postulate ofmaximization.2. The law of demand and the theorem of exchange (i) The basic properties of indifference curves, and the moneyincome constant demand curve.(ii) The inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded.(iii) Use value, exchange value, and the concept of consumer'ssurplus.(iv) Market demand, the equi-marginal principle, and the gains fromexchange.(v) The meaning of price as a criterion of allocation undercompetition.3. Cost and supply (i) The concepts of cost, economic rent, and windfall profit (quasi-rent NOT required).(ii) The law of diminishing marginal productivity.(iii) Cost curves and supply curves (isoquant analysis NOT required).(iv) Resource allocation under price taking.(v) Monopoly pricing (price searching), including perfect and partial(third degree) price discrimination.2011-AL-ECON Syllabus Explanatory Notes(vi) A simple description of oligopoly and monopolistic competition.4. Government and economic organizations (i) The nature of the firm : the organization of production with thepresence of transaction costs.(ii) Price controls and rent controls.(iii) The implications of non-price allocation.(iv) The incidence and implications of some common taxes.5. The factor market (i) The demand for and supply of factors.(ii) The determination of wages in price-takers' markets.(iii) The determination of rents.(iv) Present value and investment decisions.6. The problem of social cost (i) The meaning of economic efficiency and the Pareto condition.(ii) Property rights and the divergence between private and socialcosts.Paper 27. Income and employment (i) A brief discussion of national income accounting.(ii) An elementary Keynesian model of income determination.(iii) The consumption function and its properties.(iv) Factors affecting investment (the acceleration principle NOTrequired).(v) The IS-LM model under given prices.(vi) The meaning of unemployment.(vii) Causes of unemployment, including the introduction ofinformation or search theory.2011-AL-ECON Syllabus Explanatory Notes8. Money (i) The nature and functions of money.(ii) Transactions demand for and asset demand for money, and theQuantity Theory.(iii) Measurements of monetary aggregates (various definitions ofmoney supply).(iv) The supply of money, and deposit creation by commercial banksunder a fractional reserve system.(v) A simple discussion of the effects of monetary and fiscal policies(with emphasis on income and employment).9. The price level (i) The concept of price level and the definition of inflation.(ii) The causes and consequences of inflation.(iii) Nominal and real rates of interest, and inflationary expectations.10. International trade and finance (i) Gains from trade : the law of comparative advantage.(ii) Protectionism versus free trade : an elementary graphical analysisof the effects of tariffs and quotas (optimal tariffs NOT required).(iii) Balance-of-payments accounting and adjustments.(iv) Exchange rates : a brief discussion of fixed rates, flexible rates,and the Hong Kong linked rate.。
经济学Question 1
Candidates should explain clearly what free trade is. An explanation would explain that traders make transactions without interference from governments, ie without barriers. Candidates may include examples of free trade agreements and free trade talks to illustrate their explanation. Scottish Qualifications Authority 8 HN Assessment Exemplar/ F86E 35/AEX001 V1.0 Title: Economics 2: The World Economy September 2010Candidates should explain clearly what is meant by absolute and comparative advantage. A worked example of absolute and comparative advantage could be incorporated to support the explanation. Alternatively discussing how the UK’s absolute and comparative advantage has changed over time could be used to support the explanation.Question 3Candidates should identify three gains from engaging in international trade. The gains might be from the perspective of the firms engaged in free trade, or from a consumer or a government’s point of view. Gains might include:it allows goods to be imported that cannot be produced in the countryit improves consumer choiceprices may be lowerit allows economies of scale to be gainednew markets can be found for existing productsit allows specialisationit provides employmentoutput is stimulatedQuestion 4Candidates must explain clearly what the terms ‘protectionism’ and ‘barriers to trade’ mean. Reasons should be given for governments’ use of trade barriers which might include:protecting an important industry, eg ship buildingprotecting domestic employmentpreventing the dumping of low priced goodson political grounds for goods such as weapons, uranium, antiquities, ivory, etc or where sanctions are imposedretaliationhealth/safety groundsExamples of different types of trade barrier and reference to real examples of their use would enhance responses.Question 5The role of the World Trade Organisation should be described. Answers must focus on how the WTO has helped develop free trade. Candidates are likely to refer to examples of work undertaken by the WTO. Scottish Qualifications Authority 9 HN Assessment Exemplar/ F86E 35/AEX001 V1.0 Title: Economics 2: The World Economy September 2010Explain the role of one of the following trade blocs:The European Union (EU)The North American free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)The explanation should cover the reasons for the existence of the chosen trade bloc and the role that it plays. Examples of the work undertaken by the chosen trade bloc are desirable.Question 7Candidates should explain the composition of the UK balance of payments covering the main sections:current accountcapital accountfinancial accountCandidates should refer to UK trade figures from recent years in their explanation. Question 8Examination of the main trends in UK trade should track the current balance over the last 30 years.General trends should be identified such as the surpluses in the late 1990s and the deficits in the 1980s and 2000+. In examining the trends such as the surpluses, possible causes such as the improvement in the trade in services may be identified. The deficits may also be explored and possible reasons given such as the trend for UK consumers to buy more imported goods, lack of competitiveness of UK firms, the decline in UK comparative advantage, etc.Question 9Candidates should investigate the relationship between sterling prices and the balance of trade. This allows candidates to examine export and import preferences. Candidates could provide a theoretical worked example, or a recent case showing the link between exports, imports and the pound. Scottish Qualifications Authority 10 HN Assessment Exemplar/ F86E 35/AEX001 V1.0 Title: Economics 2: The World Economy September 2010Three relevant advantages and disadvantages should be given for each of two of the following:fixed exchange ratesfloating exchange ratesthe single currency for the UKAdvantages for fixed exchange rates might include:reduces currency speculationa reduction in the risk involved in international tradegreater economic disciplineAdvantages for floating exchange rates might include:automatic adjustment of the balance of paymentsless foreign exchange reserves are requiredit is more flexible than a fixed or pegged systemAdvantages for the UK as a result from adopting the Euro might include:lower transactions costtransparency of prices across the Euro Zonegreater economic stabilityincreased trade within EuropeDisadvantages for fixed exchange rates might include:fixed rates may require large foreign currency reserveseconomic policy can become dominated by the fixed rate policyspeculators can place immense pressure upon the fixed ratesDisadvantages for floating exchange rates might include:can be open to speculationmay lead to uncertainty about future currency valuesit can lead to greater inflationDisadvantages for the UK as a result from adopting the Euro might include:loss of control over monetary policyloss of sovereigntyeconomic problems when another member state has an economic crisislack of convergence of EU economiesScottish Qualifications Authority 11 HN Assessment Exemplar/ F86E 35/AEX001 V1.0 Title: Economics 2: The World Economy September 2010Candidates should outline three effects on individuals and three effects on businesses for each of the two items selected in question 10, ie two items from: fixed exchange ratesfloating exchange ratesthe single currency for the UKThe table below contains some of thepossible effects: Effect onbusinessesEffect on individualsFixed exchange rates1 A business may be able to plan with greater certainty over prices for exports/imports.2 May be set at too higha rate thus damaging exports.3 Government may ignore business needs in maintaining the policy. 1 Greater certainty over exchange rates.2 Easier to make price comparisons.3 Interest rates may rise to maintain the exchange rate.Floating exchangerates 1 Uncertainty overprices.2 Can make eitherexports or importscheaper depending onthe movement of thecurrency.3 A need for hedging andfutures transactions. 1 The cost of going abroad can change.2 Essential products such as gas can soar in cost.3 Costs in changing currency may be greater than under a fixed exchange regime.The single currency forthe UK 1 Greater businessopportunities.2 Transaction costs arereduced.3 The need for hedgingand futures is reduced. 1 No currency conversion costs for holiday makers.2 Ease of making price comparisons.3 No need to physically change currency.1 Explain what is meant by the term, ‘free trade’?2 Explain absolute and comparative advantage using either a worked example, or an analysis of the changes in the United Kingdom’s (UK) absolute and comparative advantage.3 Identify three gains from trading internationally.4 Explain the terms ‘protectionism’ and ‘barriers to trade’. In your explanation identify why governments might wish to use trade barriers to protect their respective economies.5 Describe the role of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in the development of free trade.6 Explain the role of one of the following trade blocs:The European Union (EU)The North American free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)7 Referring to UK trade figures from recent years explain the composition of the UK balance of payments.8 What are the general trends in UK trade over the last 30 years? You should refer to the current balance over this period in your response.9 How is the balance of payments affected by exchange rates? You may provide a basic theoretical example or recent case to illustrate this. Scottish10 Identify three advantages and three disadvantages for each of two of the following:fixed exchange ratesfloating exchange ratesthe single currency for the UK11 Outline three effects on individuals and three effects on businesses for each of the two exchange rate regimes selected in question 10.12 Explain two characteristics of either Newly Industrialised Countries (NICs), or Less Developed Countries (LDCs).13 Using specific examples provide an analysis of one issue facing NICs, and one issue facing LDCs.14 Explain the impact of transnational firms on NICs or LDCs.。
大学英语quiz1答案
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姓名：___________________________ 班级：____________________________ 学号：___________________________ 日期：____________________________大学英语2网络自主学习单元测试1试卷编号：quiz1考试时间：70 分钟满分：100 分注意事项Part 1 Vocabulary and Structure(Each item: 1)Directions:Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B, C and D.1-5 DABAC 6-10 CAABD 11-15 BACDD 16-20 CACDD21-25 CCABA 26-30 BAAAB 31-35 DACBA 36-40 DDBCD41-45 ABDCA 46-50 CDCAB1.I'd like to take ___D_______ of this opportunity to thank all of you for yourefforts.A. profitB. benefitC. occasionD. advantage2.In copying this paper, be careful not to leave ___A_______ any words.A. outB. aloneC. offD. behind3.When doing the wash, it is important to _____B__ white and coloredclothing.A. compareB. separateC. establishD. contrast4.We finally _____A_____ an agreement after a lot of hard argument.A. reachedB. didC. arrivedD. drove5.It is desirable that the airplane ____C_______ as light as possible.A. isB. wereC. beD. had been6.We came finally ______C____ the conclusion that she had been tellinglies all the time.A. ofB. intoC. toD. at7.I am not used to speaking ___A______ public.A. inB. atC. onD. to8.He didn't live up to ____A______ had been expected of him.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. all9.She did not feel ______B______ going out, as she had a slightheadache.A. aboutB. likeC. afterD. for10.The price of gold rose again, partly ___D_______ news about the war.A. result inB. go withC. becauseD. due to11.Responsibilities ___B_________ becoming a father.A. charge forB. go withC. save forD. go through12.If you _A_________ in your payment for the house again, you may getthrown out.A. fall behindB. account forC. charged forD. come to13.The country has _C___________ too many wars in the past fewdecades; its people are longing for peace so much.A. prevented fromB. resulted inC. gone throughD. gone with14.She wouldn't even take a short rest there, ________D____ stay for thenight.A. much moreB. much fewC. much lesserD. much less15.The president has _____D_______ his political advisors over the slowpace of economic change.A. prevented fromB. charged forC. accounted forD. clashed with16.Unless we get more money, we'll be ___C________ finishing this project.A. separated fromB. recovered fromC. prevented fromD. charged from17.The painter lived more than a decade in Europe, ____A______ he couldbe in close contact with other cubists (立体派艺术家).A. whereB. in whichC. thatD. in that18.___C____ Tom is supposed to make an appointment with the dentist, hesays he is too busy.A. HoweverB. WhoeverC. WheneverD. Whatever19.I won't make a _ __D___ mistake next time.A. likeB. sameC. nearD. similar20.Life insurance (保险), _D______ available only to young, healthypersons, can now be obtained for old people.A. beforeB. afterC. formerD. previously21.He _C______ lives in the house where he was born.A. alreadyB. yetC. stillD. ever22."Are you going to the football game?""No. The tickets are __C_____ expensive for me."A. very muchB. so muchC. far tooD. highly23."For tonight's homework, do pages forty and forty-one in the workbook.""Professor Hones, I think that is __A_____ work."A. far too muchB. much the moreC. too hardD. the hardest24.The officials in the ___B___ at the London Heathrow Airport were verypolite.A. CustomB. CustomsC. customD. customs25.There __A_____ a lot of _______ on the roads yesterday.A. was... trafficB. were... trafficsC. was... trafficsD. were... traffic26.When people admire his __B______ achievements, they seldom think ofthe frustration he has experienced.A. singleB. singularC. smallD. easy27.Everyone is amazed at the ___A______ growth of this city; it has been sodifferent from what it was five years ago.A. explosiveB. expandingC. expensiveD. excessive28.Jack is a strong ____A______, but you could beat him if you perform atyour highest level.A. opponentB. partnerC. friendD. mate29.Though he didn't answer my questions quickly, the look on his face____A_______ that he was satisfied with me.B. inputC. increasedD. interacted30.Having lost his job and his family, Jerry felt himself ____B______ byanger and sadness.A. experiencedB. overcomeC. experienceD. overcame31.In the geography class, the teacher explained wind and water mightcause soil ____D________.A. pollutionB. excellenceC. explosionD. erosion32.The ____A______ of this recipe (烹饪法) was made public one year afterit was put into the market.B. formC. flavorD. frown33.Lots of birds were flying among the trees branches. What a(n)_______C____ view!A. explosiveB. amusedC. amazingD. terrified34.The woman with golden hair was taken away by the security guards on___B_______ of being a criminal.A. suspectB. suspicionC. doubtD. belief35.We will spare no efforts to provide more ___A________ products to ourcustomers.A. competitiveB. competingC. competedD. competition36.Having been on the ___D_________ for the whole month, the criminaldecided to turn himself in to the police.A. escapedB. caughtC. wayD. run37.The man with ___D_________ strength could lift a heavy rock withoutany difficulty.A. powerfulB. strongC. intelligentD. phenomenal38.Seeing that the last bus was leaving, he made a _____B_______ for itwhile shouting "Wait! Wait!"B. dashC. raceD. relay39.We all _____C______ violence against women, old and young.A. unfairB. againstC. condemnD. persist40.There is no ______D______ that he was once a thief. But it doesn't meanyou can always regard him as a thief.A. denyB. deniedC. deniesD. denying41.Hearing a _____A________ noise in the backyard, Pamela went there tohave a look.A. crackingC. crackedD. cracker42.If we carry out our plan with ____B_________, we will surely achieve ourgoal sooner or later.A. conditionsB. determinationC. competitionD. frowns43.Some of the passengers escaped serious _____D_______ in the trafficaccident.A. enquiryB. woundC. inquiryD. injury44.Having ______C_____ the bear in the woods for one week, the man wasalmost out of food.A. caughtC. trailedD. seeking45.Jessica ________A____ her father on the knee and asked him not toworry about his health.A. pattedB. struckC. strokedD. paced46.I was surprised to see the little girl play the piano so skillfully; she musthave a(n) ______C_____ future in music.A. promisedB. processedC. promisingD. processing47.Sherry is a member of a(n) _____D______ dramatic club. She goes thereafter work for practice twice a week.A. gratefulC. assertiveD. amateur48.With the price ________C___, the fruits are selling much better now.A. loweringB. is loweredC. having been loweredD. is being lowered49.Our university celebrated its 100th _______A____ the year before last.A. anniversaryB. birthdayC. yearD. birth50.Jane sometimes complains that her husband is not ___B________enough. He never thinks of buying her any gift on special days.A. acceptableB. romanticD. restlessPart 2 Cloze (with Options)(Each item: 1)Directions:Read the following passage carefully and choose the best answer from the choices.*(答案在下面)Questions 51 to 70 are based on the following passage.I understand culture shock, I've been 51.However, some foreigners living in China are just too 52.lose a 53.Most of them seem to be simply 54.the terms of their employment, 55.enjoy what is special about their new surroundings.Communicating successfully with people from other cultures can be a real56.57.learning their culture. Adjusting to another culture requires a great deal of personal awareness and 58.foreigners living with a fork in their pocket. I could understand if they said they were unwilling to 59.language—Chinese is very difficult. If you are working full-time, you maynot have enough time to make much 60.but what about chopsticks? 61.chopsticks is the easiest part of the 62.how to conduct yourself in a 63.interactions is what should have been done. Only by that time will you beable to 64.65.Having said all that, I would gladly 66.chopsticks, if they would just stop 67.are wasting a good opportunity to have a truly unique experience and 68.69.fork, they should see that it 70.wasted here.answers(51) through (52) negative (53) superb (54) putting in (55) whereas (56) challenge (57) bear (58) patience (59) commit (60) progress (61) Come on (62) adjustment (63) competent (64) appreciate (65) let down (66) give up (67) complaining (68) furthermore (69) not to mention (70) representsPart 3 Reading Comprehension (Multiple Choice) (Each item: 2)Directions:Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Questions 71 to 75 are based on the same passage or dialog.Charlie Chaplin has broken all records in making people laugh. No one has so set a whole world laughing as the little man with the walking stick and the oversized shoes.Much has been written about Chaplin's art and his career, and opinions have ranged widely. But perhaps those who called him "the truest human being of our time" came closest to the truth. Those who have called him a genius stress the timeless and common qualities in his work. It is an art filled with sad elements and deep human feeling, with which an audience cannot help but become involved. It is for these reasons, I believe, that the figure of Charlie has attracted generation after generation.All the writers who give accounts of Chaplin's life agree that Charlie's unhappy early years in the area in London where houses were dirty and worn had a great influence on his development and on the type of films he made. Chaplin himself emphasizes it in his memoirs (回忆录). The more one reads about his earliest period, the more one tends to agree. Indeed, his suffering youth had a lasting influence on him.Chaplin was never afraid to deal with subjects causing much disagreement in his films. He gave a humorous performance on war only a few weeks before the American soldiers came home from World War I in 1918. This was regarded as madness, but the performance was well received. So perfectly did it hit the nail on the head that even the returning soldiers found it impossible to hate it and deeply appreciated this short and humorous performance on what for them had been an unpleasant reality. Chaplin gave numerous performances attacking capital governments, satirizing (讽刺) the cruelty of the machine age, and even making fun of Hitler.Years after his death, the funny films of motion picture actor and director Charlie Chaplin continue to be well loved. He is particularly well known for his success as a creator of humorous presentations that make fun of people, the establishment, or networks.71.All of the following about Charlie Chaplin are true except_________A______.A. he was born in the USAB. he was a great film actorC. he had an unhappy early lifeD. he made fun of Hitler in one of his films72.According to the author, Charlie Chaplin has been well loved bygeneration after generation because _____D_________.A. he set the whole world laughingB. his performances get people involvedC. his works appeal to people in different periodsD. both B and C73.According to the writers of Charlie Chaplin's life history, ____C________had a strong influence on the type of films he made.A. the society in which he livedB. the audience who praised and admired himC. his unhappy early years in the poor area in LondonD. those who called him a genius74.According to the passage, which of the following is true? DA. There are timeless qualities in Chaplin's work because he didn't involve himself in political affairs.B. Chaplin became well loved years after his death.C. Chaplin's performance is funny without any sad elements.D. Chaplin's films are the combinations of funny and sad elements.75.This passage was _______B_____.A. written by Charlie ChaplinB. written about Charlie ChaplinC. advertising one of Charlie Chaplin's filmsD. written for students to learn film-makingQuestions 76 to 80 are based on the same passage or dialog.Television carries more national advertising than any other medium in the United States. The same is true in some smaller countries such as Spain and Portugal, where it is the only medium reaching a general national audience. In many countries, (Sweden and Denmark, for example) the state-owned television accepts no advertising. In many other countries the amount of commercial (商业广告) time is very much limited, as in France, Germany, and Italy. Russian state-owned television began accepting a limited amount of advertising in 1988.The chief reason that television is so well liked among United States advertisers is that it reaches a vast number of people at the same time. While it can cost well over 100,000 dollars, a 30-second commercial on network television can be seen and heard by as many as 25 million viewers. For companies that must make prospects aware of their products and convince them of their benefits immediately, there is nothing as efficient as television advertising.Because it employs motion as well as words, pictures, sounds, and music, television is a valuable medium for products that lend themselves to demonstration. No other medium is as effective in showing how quickly an automobile can move or how well a certain type of wristwatch will stand up under heavy use and continue to run. In the same way, it is an ideal medium for showing how some products can make a person feel better about him- or herself, such as long-distance telephone calls.76.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? CA. There is less advertising on TV in Spain than in Sweden.B. One can never see any commercial on TV in Denmark since it is not accepted at all.C. The amount of commercial time is very much limited in most European countries.D. French people don't have to worry about being troubled bycommercials.77.According to the passage, what is the main reason United Statesadvertisers like television so much?CA. It communicates information more quickly.B. Every household has at least one TV set.C. It communicates information to a vast number of people at the sametime.D. American people love watching TV more than reading.78.The word prospects in the 2nd paragraph means ____A_________.A. potential customersB. competitorsC. working staff at TV stationsD. partners79.Which of the following is employed in TV advertising? DA. MotionB. Sounds and music.C. PicturesD. All of the above.80.Which of the following statements is true? BA. Television is as efficient as newspaper in demonstration benefits of acertain product or service.B. Television is a valuable medium in demonstrating benefits of a certainproduct or service.C. TV commercials can hardly help to communicate feelings.D. People use advertising on TV whenever necessary because of itseffectiveness.Questions 81 to 85 are based on the same passage or dialog.Failure to take time to plan and prepare is one of the major mistakes committed by sales negotiators (谈判). Related to this is weak information gathering. Neither your information gathering nor your planning can be effective without first engaging in negotiation with yourself or within your company, i.e., the agreements that may be necessary before negotiation with the customer.Once your face-to-face negotiating begins, any number of factors can influence the result. Going forth with a rigid mind-set (心态), giving concessions (让步) too early, answering too quickly to each demand, not calling time-out, and not putting yourself into the customer's shoes, are common mistakes in many sales negotiations. Finally, not being careful during the follow-through results in a lack of success even in an effective negotiation.Let us take the case of Ted Jeffries, a newly appointed sales representative for a maker of kitchen equipment. His main line is prefabricated (预制的) ovens. In addition to building additional sales with existing buyers, he is responsible for finding new buyers in some rapidly growing areas.Ted had been very effective with a previous company selling a line of building supplies to buyers by telephone. So he is not without some experience. He has some very positive selling strengths and he is doing reasonably well in closing some early sales. But he is beginning to find that some sales come at a "higher price" than others. Let's see what seems to be his problem. Ted is making his first call to long-time buyers, Lexington Kitchens. He hopes to renegotiate (重新谈判) the buying agreement with Ms. Sue Parker, manager of Lexington.81.According to the passage, what must be done before a sales negotiator(谈判者) works with his customer? DA. Information gathering.B. Planning for the negotiation with the customer.C. Visiting his customers frequently.D. Reaching an agreement within the sales network.82.Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the mistakes that a salesnegotiator tends to make? DA. Not flexible (灵活机动的) enough.B. Giving in to customers' demands too easily.C. Not being aware of the proper time to stop negotiating for the moment.D. Not leaving enough time to the other party for thinking about thepurchase.83.According to the passage, what is a sales negotiator advised to do afteran effective negotiation? BA. Prepare for the next negotiation immediately.B. Spend some time on follow-up activities.C. Hold a celebration to encourage himself.D. Call the buyer immediately to express gratitude for their purchase.84.Which of the following statements about Ted is true? AA. He is a salesperson with a fair amount of experience.B. He used to work for a maker of kitchen equipment and did his job well.C. His job is to deal with their customers.D. He is now selling building supplies to buyers.85.What might follow in Ted's story? CA. Ted will contact customers to find out some problems.B. Ted will demand all buyers sell their products at the same prices.C. Ted will negotiate with Ms. Sue Parker about the buying agreement.D. Ted will choose Lexington Kitchens as their sole buyer.KEY:1-5 DABAC 6-10 CAABD 11-15 BACDD 16-20 CACDD21-25 CCABA 26-30 BAAAB 31-35 DACBA 36-40 DDBCD41-45 ABDCA 46-50 CDCABCLOZE: (51) through (52) negative (53) superb (54) putting in (55) whereas (56) challenge (57) bear (58) patience (59) commit (60) progress (61) Come on (62) adjustment (63) competent (64) appreciate (65) let down (66) give up (67) complaining (68) furthermore (69) not to mention (70) represents71-75 ADCDB 76-80 CCADB 81-85 DDBAC。
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Answer Sheet of Macroeconomics Quiz 1
Fall Term 2011
31. recession 32. frictionally
33. natural rate of unemployment 34. factor 35. surplus
36. GDP ignores the underground economy, where transactions are not reported to official authorities. GDP does not value changes in the environment that arise from the production of output. GDP ignores the value of unpaid home production. GDP ignores leisure time, along with other non-market activities. GDP fails to accurately reflect the quality improvements of some goods and services. Finally, GDP does not account for the social and psychological impact of output growth, such as crime or suicide. 37. If the cost of a market basket was $100 in 2004 and $137 in 2008, then it takes $1.37 to buy the same goods that $1 purchased in 2004. The price index is 137. To determine if real spending has increased or decreased, divide $125 by 1.37 = $91.24. Therefore, $100 of real expenditures in 2004 correspond to $91.24 of real expenditures in 2008. Although nominal spending ($125) has increased, real spending ($91.24) has decreased.
38. Full employment is the level of employment that occurs when the unemployment rate is at the natural rate. The natural rate of unemployment is the level of unemployment at which there is no cyclical unemployment. When the economy operates at full employment, it produces the natural or potential level of output, or the output that can be produced when resources are fully employed. Full employment is associated with a normal (not a maximum) rate of capacity utilization. In addition, full employment does not mean that the unemployment rate equals zero. In the United States, economists estimate that the natural rate of unemployment is between 5.0% and 6.5%. The natural rate of unemployment consists of only frictional and structural unemployment. Some frictional unemployment is needed for the economy to operate efficiently.
39. The loss of income is not the only important consequence of unemployment. Unemployed individuals also lose their self-esteem and have a greater tendency for social deviance. Crime, drug abuse, suicide, and mental illness tend to increase during periods of high unemployment. The social cost of unemployment is not only the cost of the output lost as a result of it, but also the cost of psychological damage to unemployed workers.
1。