Effect of phosphatation and calcination on the environmentalbehaviour of sediments
植物乳杆菌对米酵菌酸的吸附特性研
刘鹏，张雯，欧杰，等. 植物乳杆菌对米酵菌酸的吸附特性研究[J]. 食品工业科技，2023，44（2）：299−306. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022030342LIU Peng, ZHANG Wen, OU Jie, et al. Adsorption Properties of Lactobacillus plantarum on the Bongkrekic Acid[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(2): 299−306. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022030342· 食品安全 ·植物乳杆菌对米酵菌酸的吸附特性研究刘 鹏1，张 雯2，欧 杰1,3,4, *，李柏林1（1.上海海洋大学食品学院，上海 201306；2.上海市质量监督检验技术研究院/国家食品质量监督检验中心（上海），上海 200233；3.上海水产品加工及贮藏工程技术研究中心，上海 201306；4.农业部水产品贮藏保鲜质量安全风险评估实验室，上海 201306）摘 要：为了探究植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum ）X1对米酵菌酸（Bongkrekic acid ，BA ）的吸附特性及其影响因素。
本文采用高效液相色谱（High performance liquid chromatography ，HPLC ）的方法测定菌体对米酵菌酸吸附率。
实验考察了时间、温度、pH 、菌体浓度、米酵菌酸浓度及在模拟胃肠道环境下对米酵菌酸吸附效果的影响，并对吸附过程进行热力学与动力学拟合。
结果表明，菌株吸附米酵菌酸短时高效，1 h 后达到饱和；温度、菌体浓度与米酵菌酸浓度升高均促进吸附进行且吸附后不易解吸。
落叶松中花旗松素的提取、抑菌作用及其与白屈菜红碱联用协同抑菌作用机理
荆立成，杨跃，杨阔，等. 落叶松中花旗松素的提取、抑菌作用及其与白屈菜红碱联用协同抑菌作用机理[J]. 食品工业科技，2024，45（1）：128−136. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022110270JING Licheng, YANG Yue, YANG Kuo, et al. Extraction, Bacteriostatic Effect and Synergistic Mechanism of Bacteriostatic Effect of Taxifolin in Larch in Combination with Leucocyanidin[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(1): 128−136. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022110270· 生物工程 ·落叶松中花旗松素的提取、抑菌作用及其与白屈菜红碱联用协同抑菌作用机理荆立成，杨 跃，杨 阔，李玫萱，赵 敏*，崔岱宗*（东北林业大学生命科学学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150036）摘 要：本研究以落叶松为原料，采用超声辅助乙醇热浸提法提取花旗松素。
以大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌分别作为典型供试菌，通过观察细菌形态结构，测定细菌生长量、细胞膜泄漏、抗氧化酶系活性等变化情况，分析花旗松素抑菌效果。
最终获得纯度达90%、提取率0.35%的花旗松素，且花旗松素对两种菌株的最小抑菌浓度均为1.2 mg/mL ，抑菌率分别为81.12％、83.95％。
通过电镜扫描后发现菌体表面被破坏伴有内容物泄漏。
在Escherichia coli 中，培养至24 h 的1/2 MIC 、1 MIC 和2 MIC 实验组OD 260测试值是同期对照组的1.18、1.52、1.88倍，检测到胞外β-半乳糖苷酶的相对活性分别为79.15%和70.1%。
The Effect of pH on the Solubility of Salts
The Effect of pH on the Solubility ofSaltsHave you ever wondered why sugar easily dissolves in water, while salt seems to require more effort? Or why some substances dissolve better in acidic solutions, while others dissolve better in alkaline solutions? The answer lies in the effect of pH on the solubility of salts. In this article, we will explore the science behind this phenomenon and its practical applications.Understanding the BasicsBefore delving into the specifics, it is important to understand the concept of solubility. Solubility refers to the ability of a substance (known as the solute) to dissolve in another substance (known as the solvent) to form a homogeneous mixture. The degree of solubility is affected by various factors, such as temperature, pressure, and the chemical nature of the solute and solvent.Salt is a common example of a solute that can be dissolved in water, which is a common polar solvent. Salts are composed of positively charged ions (known as cations) and negatively charged ions (known as anions), which are held together by electrostatic forces. When salt is added to water, the polar nature of water molecules attracts the ions, causing the salt crystals to dissociate into their constituent ions.The degree of dissociation can be quantified using the concept of molarity, which refers to the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. The molarity of a solution depends on the quantity of solute added, as well as its solubility in the solvent. Salts that are highly soluble in water, such as sodium chloride (NaCl), have a high molarity at saturation (i.e., the point at which no more solute can be dissolved in the solution).The Effect of pHThe pH of a solution is a measure of its acidity or alkalinity, based on the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the solution. Acids have a high concentration ofH+ ions, while bases (alkaline solutions) have a low concentration of H+ ions. The pH scale ranges from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very alkaline), with 7 being neutral (pure water has a pH of 7).The effect of pH on the solubility of salts depends on the nature of the salt. Some salts are more soluble in acidic solutions, while others are more soluble in alkaline solutions. This is due to the fact that the pH affects the degree of ionization of the salt.For example, consider the salt calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which is found in limestone and coral reefs. In its pure form, it is insoluble in water. However, in acidic solutions, it can be dissolved by the reaction:CaCO3 + 2H+ → Ca2+ + CO2 + H2OThe acidity of the solution causes the H+ ions to react with the carbonate ion (CO32-) in the salt, forming carbonic acid (H2CO3) and releasing carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. This reaction effectively increases the concentration of Ca2+ ions in the solution, making it more soluble.On the other hand, some salts are more soluble in alkaline solutions. For example, iron(III) hydroxide (Fe(OH)3) is insoluble in neutral or acidic solutions, but can be dissolved in alkaline solutions, according to the reaction:Fe(OH)3 + OH- → [Fe(OH)4]-The alkalinity of the solution causes the hydroxide ions (OH-) to react with theiron(III) ions in the salt, forming the complex ion [Fe(OH)4]-, which is soluble in water.Applications in Science and IndustryThe effect of pH on the solubility of salts has important implications in various fields of science and industry. For example, in agriculture, the pH of the soil affects the availability of nutrients to plants, as certain nutrients may be more soluble in acidic or alkaline soils. The pH of water sources also affects the solubility of pollutants, such as heavy metals, which can be harmful to aquatic organisms.In the pharmaceutical industry, the solubility of drugs can be enhanced by adjusting the pH of the solution in which they are administered. This can improve their bioavailability (i.e., the percentage of the drug that is absorbed into the bloodstream), making them more effective.In conclusion, the effect of pH on the solubility of salts is a fascinating topic that highlights the dynamic nature of chemical reactions. By understanding the principles behind this phenomenon, we can make use of it to solve practical problems and improve our daily lives.。
The Effect of pH on Biochemical Processes
The Effect of pH on BiochemicalProcessespH (potential of hydrogen) is an important factor that affects chemical and biological reactions. It is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution and is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) present. The pH scale ranges from 0-14, with 0 being the most acidic, 7 being neutral, and 14 being the most alkaline. In this article, we will explore the effect of pH on biochemical processes and how pH can affect the functioning of enzymes and other biomolecules.The Effect of pH on EnzymesEnzymes are protein molecules that catalyze biochemical reactions in the body. They are essential for most metabolic processes, including digestion, respiration, and energy production. Enzymes and their substrates have specific shapes and chemical properties that allow them to interact and form enzyme-substrate complexes. The activity of enzymes is affected by several factors, including temperature, substrate concentration, and pH.The optimal pH for most enzymes is around 7, which is neutral. However, some enzymes have different optimal pH ranges depending on the environment they are found in. For example, pepsin, an enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach, has an optimal pH of 2, which is highly acidic. This is because the stomach has a low pH environment due to the presence of hydrochloric acid. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme found in the liver and bones, has an optimal pH of 10, which is highly alkaline.When the pH deviates from the optimal range, the activity of enzymes can be affected. At low pH values, the concentration of hydrogen ions increases, which can denature the protein structure of enzymes. This causes the enzyme to lose its catalytic activity and become inactive. Similarly, at high pH values, the concentration of hydroxide ions increases, which can also denature the protein structure of enzymes. Thiscan result in the enzyme becoming inactive or taking on a different conformation that affects its activity.The Effect of pH on BiomoleculesBiomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, also have specific chemical properties that are affected by pH. Changes in pH can affect the ionization state of functional groups in biomolecules, which can alter their structure and function. For example, amino acids have both acidic (carboxylic acid) and basic (amine) functional groups. At low pH values, the carboxylic acid groups become protonated (gain a hydrogen ion), which makes them more acidic and positively charged. This can disrupt the formation of hydrogen bonds and other interactions between amino acids, which can affect the structure and stability of proteins.Similarly, changes in pH can affect the ionization state of the nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. This can affect the ability of these biomolecules to participate in hydrogen bonding, which is essential for maintaining the integrity of the genetic code. Changes in pH can also affect the solubility and membrane permeability of lipids, which can affect their function as structural components of cell membranes.The Effect of pH on Biological SystemsThe pH of biological fluids is tightly regulated in the body to maintain optimal conditions for biochemical reactions. Most bodily fluids, such as blood and cytoplasm, have a pH of around 7.4, which is slightly alkaline. The body has several mechanisms for regulating pH, including the lungs, kidneys, and buffers.When the pH of bodily fluids deviates from the optimal range, it can have detrimental effects on biological systems. For example, acidosis is a condition where the pH of the blood drops below 7.35, which can lead to a range of symptoms, including fatigue, confusion, and respiratory distress. Similarly, alkalosis is a condition where the pH of the blood rises above 7.45, which can cause symptoms such as muscle twitching, nausea, and convulsions.In conclusion, the effect of pH on biochemical processes is complex and multifaceted. pH can affect the activity of enzymes, the structure and function of biomolecules, and the function of biological systems in the body. Understanding the effect of pH on these processes is essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying biological functions and diseases.。
多脂鳞伞P-YD01_的菌丝生物学特性及引种驯化栽培试验
山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2023,54(5):650-656VOL.54NO.52023 Journal of Shandong Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2324.2023.05.002多脂鳞伞P-YD01的菌丝生物学特性及引种驯化栽培试验吴耀越,程欣荣,黄宇柯,朱仁启,陈文思,张大川,初洋*烟台大学生命科学学院,山东烟台264005摘要:对采自烟台大学校园的一株多脂鳞伞(P-YD01)进行了形态学及ITS序列分析鉴定，并对其菌丝生物学特性、最佳培养基配方及驯化栽培进行等进行了研究。
结果表明，P-YD01的最适碳源、氮源分别为D-果糖、牛肉膏，最佳培养温度为25℃-30℃，最适生长pH在5.0。
研究发现P-YD01以玉米粉作为母种培养基时生长最快，最适出菇季节应为秋冬季，最适栽培培养基为棉籽壳培养基。
搔菌操作可以明显提高多脂鳞伞其出原基整齐度和子实体匀称度。
关键词:多脂鳞伞;菌丝生物学特性;培养基;驯化;栽培中图法分类号:S736.15文献标识码:A文章编号:1000-2324(2023)05-0650-07 Mycelial Biological Characteristics and Domestication,CultivationExperiment of Pholiota adiposa P-YD01WU Yao-yue,CHENG Xin-rong,HUANG Yu-ke,ZHU Ren-qi,CHEN Wen-si, ZHANG Da-chun,CHU Yang*College of Life Sciences/Yantai University,Yantai264005,ChinaAbstract:A strain of Pholiota adiposa(P-YD01)taken from the campus of Yantai University was analyzed and identified by morphological identification and ITS sequence analysis,and its mycelial biological characteristics,optimal medium formulation and domestication and cultivation were studied.The results show that the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources of P-YD01are D-fructose and beef extract,and the optimal culture temperature is25°C-30°C,and the optimal growth pH is at 5.0.It is found that P-YD01grows fastest in cornmeal primary medium,the optimal mushroom season should be fall,and the optimal cultivation medium is cottonseed shell medium.In addition,scratching mycelium operation for Pholiota adiposa can significantly improve its primodium emergence neatness and fruiting body homogeneity.Keywords:Pholiota adiposa;mycelial biological characteristic;culture medium;domestication;cultivation大型真菌，又称蕈菌，在自然界中种类繁多，分布广泛，且具有丰富营养[1,2]。
高产抗菌脂肽Fengycin芽孢杆菌的诱变育种和发酵条件优化
陈尚里，于福田，沈圆圆，等. 高产抗菌脂肽Fengycin 芽孢杆菌的诱变育种和发酵条件优化[J]. 食品工业科技，2023，44（23）：134−143. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023020239CHEN Shangli, YU Futian, SHEN Yuanyuan, et al. Mutation Breeding and Optimization of Fermentation Conditions of Bacillus Highly Producing Antimicrobial Lipopeptide Fengycin[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(23): 134−143. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023020239· 生物工程 ·高产抗菌脂肽Fengycin 芽孢杆菌的诱变育种和发酵条件优化陈尚里，于福田，沈圆圆，刘小玲*（广西大学轻工与食品工程学院，广西南宁 530004）摘 要：为了提高Fengycin 产量，以芽孢杆菌YA-215为出发菌，通过复合诱变（紫外诱变、ARTP-LiCl 诱变）育种来获取高产Fengycin 突变体。
通过单因素实验和响应面试验等确定最佳发酵工艺优化。
结果表明，复合诱变选育获得一株高产Fengycin 突变株UA397，全基因组测序结合16S 进化样本分析显示为暹罗芽孢杆菌。
其最佳发酵工艺条件为：蔗糖25 g/L 、蛋白胨30 g/L 、发酵温度37.7 ℃、发酵时间37.8 h 、接种量5.01%。
在此发酵条件下，暹罗芽孢杆菌UA-397的Fengycin 产量为517.09 mg/L ，是野生型在未进行发酵条件优化时Fengycin 产量113.02 mg/L 的4.575倍。
光谱法研究药物小分子与蛋白质大分子的相互作用的英文
Spectroscopic Study of the Interaction between Small Molecules and Large Proteins1. IntroductionThe study of drug-protein interactions is of great importance in drug discovery and development. Understanding how small molecules interact with proteins at the molecular level is crucial for the design of new and more effective drugs. Spectroscopic techniques have proven to be valuable tools in the investigation of these interactions, providing det本人led information about the binding affinity, mode of binding, and structural changes that occur upon binding.2. Spectroscopic Techniques2.1. Fluorescence SpectroscopyFluorescence spectroscopy is widely used in the study of drug-protein interactions due to its high sensitivity and selectivity. By monitoring the changes in the fluorescence emission of either the drug or the protein upon binding, valuable information about the binding affinity and the binding site can be obt本人ned. Additionally, fluorescence quenching studies can provide insights into the proximity and accessibility of specific amino acid residues in the protein's binding site.2.2. UV-Visible SpectroscopyUV-Visible spectroscopy is another powerful tool for the investigation of drug-protein interactions. This technique can be used to monitor changes in the absorption spectra of either the drug or the protein upon binding, providing information about the binding affinity and the stoichiometry of the interaction. Moreover, UV-Visible spectroscopy can be used to study the conformational changes that occur in the protein upon binding to the drug.2.3. Circular Dichroism SpectroscopyCircular dichroism spectroscopy is widely used to investigate the secondary structure of proteins and to monitor conformational changes upon ligand binding. By analyzing the changes in the CD spectra of the protein in the presence of the drug, valuable information about the structural changes induced by the binding can be obt本人ned.2.4. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyNMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique for the investigation of drug-protein interactions at the atomic level. By analyzing the chemical shifts and the NOE signals of the protein in thepresence of the drug, det本人led information about the binding site and the mode of binding can be obt本人ned. Additionally, NMR can provide insights into the dynamics of the protein upon binding to the drug.3. Applications3.1. Drug DiscoverySpectroscopic studies of drug-protein interactions play a crucial role in drug discovery, providing valuable information about the binding affinity, selectivity, and mode of action of potential drug candidates. By understanding how small molecules interact with their target proteins, researchers can design more potent and specific drugs with fewer side effects.3.2. Protein EngineeringSpectroscopic techniques can also be used to study the effects of mutations and modifications on the binding affinity and specificity of proteins. By analyzing the binding of small molecules to wild-type and mutant proteins, valuable insights into the structure-function relationship of proteins can be obt本人ned.3.3. Biophysical StudiesSpectroscopic studies of drug-protein interactions are also valuable for the characterization of protein-ligandplexes, providing insights into the thermodynamics and kinetics of the binding process. Additionally, these studies can be used to investigate the effects of environmental factors, such as pH, temperature, and ionic strength, on the stability and binding affinity of theplexes.4. Challenges and Future DirectionsWhile spectroscopic techniques have greatly contributed to our understanding of drug-protein interactions, there are still challenges that need to be addressed. For instance, the study of membrane proteins and protein-protein interactions using spectroscopic techniques rem本人ns challenging due to theplexity and heterogeneity of these systems. Additionally, the development of new spectroscopic methods and the integration of spectroscopy with other biophysical andputational approaches will further advance our understanding of drug-protein interactions.In conclusion, spectroscopic studies of drug-protein interactions have greatly contributed to our understanding of how small molecules interact with proteins at the molecular level. Byproviding det本人led information about the binding affinity, mode of binding, and structural changes that occur upon binding, spectroscopic techniques have be valuable tools in drug discovery, protein engineering, and biophysical studies. As technology continues to advance, spectroscopy will play an increasingly important role in the study of drug-protein interactions, leading to the development of more effective and targeted therapeutics.。
不同血液净化模式对患者冠状动脉钙化及血清COMP、FGF-23表达的影响
不同血液净化模式对患者冠状动脉钙化及血清COMP、FGF-23表达的影响邓真真① 陈铖① 【摘要】 目的：探讨不同血液净化模式对患者冠状动脉钙化及对血清软骨寡聚基质蛋白（COMP）与血清成纤维细胞生长因子-23（FGF-23）表达的影响，以期指导未来血液净化模式的合理选择。
方法：选取2018年5月-2020年4月于本院完成血液净化治疗的105例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。
根据血液净化模式不同将其分为HD组（32例，血液透析）、HDF组（40例，血液透析滤过）与HP组（33例，血液灌流）。
比较透析前、透析3个月、透析结束时，三组血清COMP、FGF-23表达水平、冠状动脉钙化积分、血磷、血钙、血红蛋白及血尿素氮。
结果：三组透析过程中血清COMP、FGF-23表达与冠状动脉钙化积分均呈下降趋势，其中HP组血清COMP、FGF-23表达与冠状动脉钙化积分均较低，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。
三组透析过程中血磷与血尿素氮水平均呈下降趋势，且血钙与血红蛋白均呈升高趋势，其中HP组血钙与血红蛋白水平较高，血磷与血尿素氮较低，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。
三组各种并发症发生率比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。
结论：血液透析、血液透析滤过及血液灌流三种血液净化模式均可有效改善患者的冠状动脉钙化现象，其中血液灌流净化模式获益最佳，更利于改善患者冠状动脉钙化情况，且安全性较高。
建议临床可根据患者个体差异选择合适的血液净化模式，若条件允许可首选血液灌流净化模式，旨在提高患者临床获益，并保障治疗安全性。
【关键词】 冠状动脉钙化 血液透析 血液透析滤过 血液灌流 血清成纤维细胞生长因子-23 血清软骨寡聚基质蛋白 Effects of Different Blood Purification Modes on Coronary Calcium and Expression of Serum COMPand FGF-23/DENG Zhenzhen, CHEN Cheng. //Medical Innovation of China, 2021, 18(04): 085-089 [Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effects of different blood purification modes on coronary arterycalcification and on the expression of serum cartilage oligomer matrix protein (COMP) and serum fibroblast growthfactor-23 (FGF-23), so as to guide the reasonable selection of blood purification modes in the future. Method:Clinical data of 105 patients completed blood purification treatment in our hospital from May 2018 to April 2020were retrospectively analyzed. According to different blood purification modes, the patients were divided into HDgroup (32 cases, hemodialysis), HDF group (40 cases, hemodiafiltration) and HP group (33 cases, hemoperfusion).The expression levels of serum COMP, FGF-23, coronary artery calcification score, blood phosphorus, bloodcalcium, hemoglobin and blood urea nitrogen of the three groups were compared before dialysis, 3 months afterdialysis and at the end of dialysis. Result: The expression of serum COMP and FGF-23 and coronary arterycalcification score of the three groups showed a decreasing trend during dialysis, and the expression of serum COMPand FGF-23 and coronary artery calcification score in the HP group were lower, the differences were statisticallysignificant (P<0.05). During dialysis, serum phosphorus and blood urea nitrogen levels in the three groups allshowed a decreasing trend, while serum calcium and hemoglobin showed an increasing trend. Among them, serumcalcium and hemoglobin levels in the HP group were higher, while serum phosphorus and blood urea nitrogen werelower, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant differences in the incidenceof various complications among the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Blood dialysis, hemodialysis filtrationand blood perfusion of 3 kinds of blood purification mode can effectively improve the patient’s coronary arterycalcification phenomenon, among which, hemoperfusion purification mode has the best benefit and is more conduciveto improving coronary artery calcification in patients with higher safety. It is suggested that the appropriate bloodpurification mode can be selected according to the individual differences of patients in clinical practice. If conditions①南昌市第三医院 江西 南昌 330000通信作者：邓真真- 85 - 血液净化是各种肾病相关疾病主要治疗方法之一，目前血液净化模式多样，如血液透析（hemodialysis，HD）、血液透析滤过（hemodialysis filtration，HDF）、血液灌流（hemoperfusion，HP）等，血液净化方式不同，治疗适应的群体对象也不同，各种血液净化模式发挥的治疗作用也不尽相同，因此选择合适的血液净化模式，可以在治疗期间保证患者获取最大效益的同时确保安全[1-2]。
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Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
International Journal of Sediment Research
journal homepage: /locate/ijsrc
Original Research
Effect of phosphatation and calcination on the environmental behaviour of sediments
Moussa Dia a,b, Rachid Zentar a,n, Nor-edine Abriak a, Ange Nzihou b, Guy Depelsenaire c, Alain Germeau d
Keywords: Polluted sediments Heavy metals Phosphatation Calcination and environmental behaviour
abstract
Dredging operations produce considerable quantities of materials, to be managed and this opens an opportunity for valorization in civil engineering. However, the contamination of the dredged sediments has become a major problem to solve. The major contaminants are heavy metals and organic compounds. This study focuses on the use of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) to stabilize heavy metals from sediments and destroy organic matter by calcination at 650 °C with a goal of using sediments in roadworks. Several studies have been conducted in this field. The stabilized materials obtained have been used in civil engineering. The main purpose of this work is to discuss the environmental behavior of marine sediment treated by phosphatation and calcination. Two types of phosphoric acids were used. The pH dependence leaching test has been used as the basic characterization to evaluate the effect of the type of phosphoric acid on the metals behavior in a valorization scenario. The standard leaching test and the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) were conducted as compliance tests. In regards of the obtained results, the environmental assessment has also shown a reduction in the availability of targeted heavy metals in alkaline environment whatever the type of acid used for treatment. This opens opportunities for co-valorization. & 2018 International Research and Training Centre on Erosion and Sedimentation/the World AssociArticle history: Received 28 June 2018 Received in revised form 14 September 2018 Accepted 16 October 2018 Available online 19 October 2018
a Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 941 rue Charles Bourseul, BP 10838, 59508 Douai, France b Toulouse University, Mines Albi, CNRS, RAPSODEE Center, Campus Jarlard, F-81013 Albi cedex 09, France c SOLVAY SA, DCRT, rue de Ransbeek 310, B-1120 Bruxelles, Germany d PRAYON SA, rue J. Wauters, Engis, Belgium
for Sedimentation and Erosion Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.