U5-Figure Interepreting-1
新编英语教程5课文翻译(unit1-15)
新编英语教程5课文翻译(unit1-15) Unit 1 恰到好处你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。
而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。
他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。
语言也是如此。
一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。
差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。
他会一直思考，直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。
The French have an apt（贴切的） phrase for this. They speak of “le mot juste,”法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思，即“le mot juste”, 恰到好处的词。
有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事，比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。
在浩瀚的词海中，词与词之间有着微妙的区别，要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。
这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当大的词汇量的问题，还需要人们绞尽脑汁，要观察敏锐。
选词是认识过程的一个步骤，也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。
有人说：“在我思想未成文之前，我怎么知道自己的想法？”这听起来似乎很离谱，但它确实很有道理。
It is hard work choosing the right words, but we shall be rewarded by thesatisfaction that finding them brings. The e某act use of language gives us mastery（掌握） over the material we aredealing with. Perhaps you have been asked “What sort of a manis so-and-so（等）?” You begin: “Oh, I think he’s quite anice chap （家伙）but he’s rather…” and then you hesitate trying to find a word or phrase to e某press what it is abouthim that you do n’t like, that constitutes（构成） hislimitation. When you find the right phrase you feel that your conception of the man is clearer and sharper.寻找恰如其分的词的确是件不容易的事。
DECHEN
REV. DE CIÊNCIA & TECNOLOGIA, Piracicaba, v. 11, n. 21, p. 1-73, jan./jun. 2003.R EVISTA DE C IÊNCIA& T ECNOLOGIA • 211COMISSÃO EDITORIALN IVALDO L EMOS C OPPINI – presidente (Engenharia de Produção) K LAUS S CHÜTZER (Engenharia Mecânica)N ELSON C ARVALHO M AESTRELLI (Gestão da Produção)N IVALDI C ALONEGO JÚNIOR (Ciência da Computação)SÔNIA M ARIA M ALMONGE (Engenharia Química)COMITÊ CIENTÍFICOB ERT L AUWERS (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven –Bélgica)C ARLOS A LBERTO G ASPARETTO (Facens/Unicamp –ESTEVAL project partners.– Feature Based Integrated Design Environment.Identification of interdependencies between manufacturing features.Unsuitable finishing quality (Schützer et al., 1999).After considering several possibilities, which could result in this poor surface quality cutting tool geometry , clamping and balancing of the tool system, technological parameters and machining set-ups, it was realized, that the problem came from the CNC of the machine tool, which was incapable of processing the NC program as fast as the feed rate defined in the NC program. So the machine reaches the point refereed in one line of the program and the information to move the tool to the next point was not processed yet, then the machine had to wait a couple of milliseconds to start moving again.This incompatibility between the feed rate defined in the NC program and the processing time of the CNC results in two different situations according to the CNC used:poor surface quality – the CNC tries to move the machine at the programmed feed rate, but it can-Improper surface finishingThe workpiece used and the finishing tool path.The roughing and semi-finishing operations were accomplished using exactly the same technological parameters and cutting strategies for all workpieces.The comparison analysis was done only during the finishing operation and the same technological para-meters, cutting strategies and tools were used in both cases. The finishing operation was distinguished by the methodology of interpolation. The trajectory of the finishing tool path is shown in figure 3. For this operation it was used a 10 mm ball end mill tool at 10000 rpm and the programmed feed rate was 2000 mm/min.YSISThe results of the machining experiments considering the NC program size, the time required to exe-cute the program and the surface quality in terms of roughness and superficial texture were compared and the conclusions are presented below.NC Program SizesThe table 2 presents the finishing programs sizes calculated for both methods. It proves that less infor-mation are required to describe tool paths by the circular/linear method, thus reducing the program size byMETHOD P ROGRAM SIZE N UMBER586 kbCircular/linear83 kb• V. 11, Nº 21 – pp. 29-36Regions where the feed rate as reduced.2000 mm/min660 mm/min 1500 mm/min700 mm/min2000 mm/minRoughness AnalysisIt was used a digital Surftest Equipment to obtain the Ra and Rz parameters. It was analyzed the same areas for all workpieces. Practically, there are not differences between the roughness parameters for both interpolation methods.Surface T exture AnalysisIt was possible to visually verify the differences between the surfaces of both methods. The circular/ linear workpieces are smoother than the linear ones. The figure 5 shows this texture.Irregular surface texture Regular surface textureBesides those transversal marks at the workpiece machined by the linear interpolation, this method also gives a deficient quality in the longitudinal direction, as it is seen in the next photos taken by a CCD camera connected in an microscopy.Figure 6 was taken using a microscopy with magnification 10x of the linear part. The vertical marks are the cusp heights left by the ball end mill tool. The steps-over of the tool path is on the horizontal direc-Fig. 6. Uneven cusps from a linear workpiece.Fig. 7. Even cusps from a circular/linear workpieceIn linear interpolation method is possible to see uneven cusp heights, what can difficult drastically the hand finishing afterwards. This problem is not seen at the workpieces milled by the circular/linear method, as shown in figure 7. It happens due to the more constant cutting movements.In this method, the cusps height are much more uniform, what can help the manual finishing afterwards, by decreasing this process time, and improving the accuracyCONCLUSIONThe High Speed Cutting T echnology can be attractively applied in die and mould manufacturing, among others applications. However, there are several other technologies in the process chain that must be considered to support an efficient HSC process.R EVISTA DE C IÊNCIA & T ECNOLOGIA • V. 11, Nº 21 – pp. 29-36。
计算机专业英语教程(第5版)翻译完整版
1.1 A Closer Look at the Processor and PrimaryStorage仔细看看处理器和主存储器We have learned that all computers have similar capabilities and perform essentially the same functions, although some might be faster than others. We have also learned that a computer system has input, output, storage, and processing components; that the processor is the “intelligence” of a computer system; and that a single computer system may have several processors. We have discussed how data are represented inside a computer system in electronic states called bits. We are now ready to expose the inner workings of the nucleus of the computer system — the processor.我们已经知道，所有的计算机都具有相似的能力，并且在本质上执行相同的功能，尽管一些可能会比另一些快一点。
我们也知道，一个计算机系统具有输入，输出，存储和处理部件；处理器是一个计算机系统智能核心，并且一个计算机系统可以有许多个处理器。
我们已经讨论过如何在计算机系统内部，用被称作“位”的电子状态来表现数据，现在我们要弄明白计算机系统的核心，即处理器，的内在的工作方式。
《信息技术英语》-unit5
Unit 5Data ProcessingChapter Two&Part4 Extensive Reading @Part 1 Notes to Text@Part5Notes to Passage & Part 2 Word Study@Part3 Practice on Text @Part6 Practice on Passage@Part 1 Notes to TextData Processing1)data processing: 遥感数据处理是指通过各种技术手段对遥感探测所获得数据进行的各种处理。
2) While the object or phenomenon of interest may not bedirectly measured, there exists some other variable that can be detected and measured by the observation, which may berelated to the object of interest through the use of a data-derived computer model.虽然就凭观察难以直接测量和判断人们所感兴趣的物体或现象，但是却能测出和判断出其中的某种变化。
通过计算机数据源模型可以使这种变化与令人感兴趣的物体关联起来。
注释：连接词while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然、尽管”；引导词there放在句首，引起主、谓语倒装；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代的是some other variable。
3) Spatial resolution refers to the size of a pixel that is recorded in a raster image –typically pixels may correspond to square areas ranging in side length from 1 to 1000 metres. 空间分辩率是指摄录在栅格图像中像素的大小—典型的像素相当于边长为一至一千米的任一正方形面积。
上外版大学生综合教程5课后习题部分答案
1. Properly used, intelligence tests can provide valuable diagnostic information and insights about intellectual ability that might otherwise be overlooked. ignored2. In the last months of World War II(1939-1945), Allied forces urged Japan to surrender unconditionally or face “prompt and complete destruction”. utter3. Wetlands play a crucial role in the environment cycle. They provide important wildlife habitat, can prevent flooding, and help clean polluted water through natural filtering processes. contaminated4. Thanks to a very effective and powerful combination of advancing technology and government incentives, renewable energy may finally be coming of age. potent5. Experiments confirm an observation experienced by most people: One can forget some information at one point in time and yet be able to get it back perfectly well at a later point. retrieve6. Jimmy Carter asked large businesses to hold down prices and labor unions to avoid new wage demands. Unluckily, his words had little effect. Unfortunately7. The captain was the last crew member to be lifted to safety be the helicopter. hoisted8. The term “learning” they are speaking about is the process involved in the initial acquisition or encoding ofinformation, whereas the term “memory”more often refers to later storage and retrieval of information.referring to9. Eventually Mrs. Jones reluctantly accepted the demand that she resign at once. bowed to10. After the 1991 Persian Gulf War, the IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency) inspectors discovered anddismantled(废除) Iraq’s secret nuclear weapons program. uncover11. It took them a very long time to get over the shock of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center.12. I got to thinking about his childhood and how different it must have been to mine.13. There was an abrupt drop in the temperature. We found it hard to get through the remaining days in theout-of-the-way village.14. They had to get over one or two technical problems before filming could start.15. We can get by on our income at the moment, but we’ll need more money when the baby arrives.16. Mason always felt horribly embarrassed when people started to cry, and tried to think excuse to get away.17. We would have come straight here, except our flight got in too late.18. We have really got to get this book out by the end of the year.19. My brother and I used to argue a lot but we get along fine now that we have got married and have our ownchildren.20. Yesterday I managed to get away with parking in a “no parking” zone.Unit 31.Mary invited us to her birthday party last week, and we received the written request to particular yesterday.invitation2.It is known to all that facts are powerfully persuasive and convincing, speaking louder than words. eloquent3.My father taught me how to keep two or more objects in the air at one time by alternately tossing andcatching them when I was a child. It took me weeks of practice before could do it with three balls. juggle 4.It is often vital for a leader to listen to different views on an issue, even if these views are conflicting.contradictory5.In traditional societies, parents transmitted their own values to their children in the warmth and closeness offamily relations. intimacy6.Histories differ in their opinions about the lessons of history, and so there are many different interpretations ofthe past. disagree7.It is difficult to draw a general conclusion about student who are gifted because their characteristics and needsare so personal and unique. generalize8.Miya blushed with a feeling of shame when she realized how foolish she was being. embarrassment9.My brother said that John looked like a bear, so that’s what I’m calling him at present. for now10.Speaking at an international conference, Dr.Young pointed out that police officers should use force only if allother ways fail and that the amount of force must be in proportion to the threat they encounter. as a last resort11.In some remote and underdeveloped areas of the country, children have to attend a school where there are notextbooks, or too few to go around/round.12.The future is promised to no one. Go for it now.13.The little girl was scared when all the lights suddenly went off and the house was plunged into darkness.14.A does of poison can do its work but once. A bad book can go on poisoning minds for generations.15.She is always on the go, and how she finds time to write and keep us informed of what is going on is beyondme.16.Setting a goal is not the main thing. It is deciding how you will go about achieving it and staying with thatplan.17.He knows she is not yet convinced, but is telling her to trust him and go along with what he says.18.Some people go through life trying to find out what the world holds for them, but very often they only findout too late that it’s what they bring to the world that really what he says.19.I like to sit on the bank watching the river go by.20.Once your data are collected, you will need to go over the statistics and make sure you are doing the analysiscorrectly.Unit 41.When the performance was over, the audience were asked to leave in an organized fashion. orderly2.Both home-made and important high-resolution TV sets are available, but the imported high-resolution TV setis more expensive. latter3.Sheila should not get lost because I gave her very clearly stated directions how to get here. explicit4.The chief executive praised Mr. Smith for coming up with new ideas for raising productivity. commended5.The task of organizing the spring trade fair has been assigned to two senior officials. entrusted6.Jenny was a student of medicine before she started writing as a career. turned to7.Not happy about having upset my parent with his rudeness, he then went and insulted my sister! Notcontent with8.I don’t know how you can boldly face your friend after the damage you have done to his business. lookyour friend in the face9.Both man and animal need a sense of security to survive and thrive. beast10.As soon as Lucy saw him, a curious look creased her face, a look of puzzlement, as if she was trying to placehim. perplexity11.She turned to drugs after the breakup of her fifteen-year marriage.12.Many boys proposed to Lynn, but she turned them all down.13.A man without training works at whatever jobs turn up.14.It turned out that Phil’s forecast was entirely wrong: The stock market was going bullish rather than bearish.15.Mrs. Jackson took her son Tommy to the school and turned him over to the headmaster.16.As soon as she got home Ann entered the living room and turned on the TV.17.The camp was already full and many of the refugees had been turned away.18.Martin turns out a poem each weak for the school paper.19.When the football season was over, we turned in our uniforms to the club.20.Stan kept working until well beyond midnight, as he wanted to finish the second draft before turning in.Unit 61.She did noting in the office but read newspapers, digesting every piece of news. fragment2.It seems to me it is not worth it to argue about such a small sum of money. an insignificant3.Betty was small and fragile and looked rather strange in army uniform. incongruouste that night, the local residents heard the sound of big guns roaring in the distance. thundering5.She picked a lemon from the tree in the garden, sliced it and squeezed some juice over the dish. plucked6.The Advancement Office has done a huge amount of fund raising in the past year. terrific7.Five big trucks stopped in front of the supermarket and began to unload their cargo. pulled up8.Two names have been struck out from the list and it is vital to find out who they are. scratched out9.In the midst of loud applause, the candidate walked quickly with big steps to the platform and began todeliver his well-rehearsed speech. strode10.Even though war seemed inevitable, their efforts to prevent in never stopped. ceased11.If you are doing office work, you’d better take up some outdoor sports as a relaxation.12.As Robert had reached the age of 45 without getting married, it was obvious that he was not the sort of manwho takes to matrimony（婚姻）like a duck to water.13.The airplane pilot suddenly fainted and his copilot had to take over.14.I can’t take on exact work. I’ve had my hands full recently.15.Owing to the unexpected thunderstorm our plane took off two hours late.16.At the press conference held by the Pentagon yesterday reporters were seen taking down every word of whatthe spokeswoman said.17.I took back my offer to buy the house as its surroundings were not so good as the real estate agent claimed.18.About two weeks after the interview Linda was taken on as a tax analyst and went to work in the taxdepartment of the company.19.“You’re not fond of work, are you?” said the father, --“No. I take after you,” replied the smart yet lazy boy.20.She took all the children in with her monster story.Unit 71.Familiar things happen, and mankind does not bother about them. It requires a very unusual mind toundertake the investigation or study of the obvious. analysis2.Each one of the most simple parts of all matter is a microcosm（微观世界）, and faithfully renders the likenessof the world. particle3.Nothing is certain in life, but generally the chances of happiness are greater if one has many areas of interestand involvement. multiple4.Curiously, in our world of big names, our true heroes tend to be unknown. anonymous5.Journalism is the art of collecting varying kinds of information that a few people possess and of passing italong to a much larger number of people who are supposed to desire to share it. transmitting6.North Shore Magazine is a magazine published once a month that offers stories on significant issues andpeople who live in the northern suburbs and on the north side of Chicago. monthly7.It will be agreed that the essential difference between humour and wit is that, where as wit is alwaysinternational, humour is never something conceived with a purpose. unintentional8.I was stuck in the elevator last Friday. On top of that, I forgot to take my cell phone. To make matters worse9.To make sure that our customers receive our message in time, if a recipient’s phone is turned off or out ofcoverage, the message will be sent again, for up to 7 days, until it is received by the phone. resent10.The purpose of the festival is also to emphasize the importance of education and life long learning in thecontext of globalization. highlight11.On the evening before my trip to the small island off the coast of Australia, I carefully laid out everything I’dneed for the three months of my stay there.12.In some industries, production or spending cuts and various other circumstances can cause employers to layoff workers.st Friday our class laid on a special tea and entertainment for the workmen who had remodeled ourclassroom.14.Now that the new rules have been lain down, we must adhere to them faithfully.15.Sullivan has been laid up since Monday with a sore throat and fever.16.Everyone asked where I was during lunchtime. Since I didn’t want to tell them, I made up some excuse aboutseeing the dentist.17.Ruth’s writing is very small. I almost need a magnifying glass to make it out.18.Everyone is trying to accomplish something big, not realizing that life is made up of little things.19.John rose from the chair and made for the balcony.20.The couple next-door had a fight last night, but they soon made up and looked as if nothing had happened.。
Attentionisallyourneed（原文翻译）
Attentionisallyourneed（原⽂翻译）注意⼒是你所需要的摘要：占优势的序列转换模型基于复杂的循环或卷积神经⽹络，其中包括⼀个编码器和⼀个解码器。
表现最好的模型还通过注意⼒机制连接编码器和解码器。
我们提出了⼀种新的简单的⽹络架构，即Transformer，它完全基于注意⼒机制，完全摒弃了递归和卷积。
在两个机器翻译任务上的实验表明，这些模型在质量上更优越，同时具有更强的并⾏性，需要的训练时间明显更少。
我们的模型在WMT 2014英语-德语翻译任务上实现了28.4个BLEU，⽐现有的最佳结果(包括集成)提⾼了超过2个BLEU。
在WMT 2014英法翻译任务中，我们的模型在8个GPU上进⾏了3.5天训练后，建⽴了⼀个新的单模型最先进的BLEU分数为41.8，这是⽂献中最好模型的训练成本的⼀⼩部分。
通过成功地将Transformer应⽤于⼤量和有限的训练数据的英语选区解析，我们证明了它可以很好地推⼴到其他任务。
1、引⾔循环神经⽹络，特别是长短期记忆[13]和门控循环[7]神经⽹络，已经被确定为序列建模的最先进的⽅法语⾔建模和机器翻译等转导问题[35,2,5]。
从那以后，⼤量的努⼒继续推动循环语⾔模型和编码器-解码器架构的边界[38,24,15]。
循环模型通常沿着输⼊和输出序列的符号位置进⾏计算。
在计算时间中，将位置与步长对齐，它们⽣成⼀个隐藏状态序列，作为前⼀个隐藏状态和位置t输⼊的函数。
这种固有的序列性质妨碍了训练⽰例中的并⾏化，这在序列长度较长的情况下变得⾄关重要。
由于内存约束限制了跨⽰例的批处理。
通过因式分解技巧[21]和条件计算[32]，最近的⼯作在计算效率⽅⾯取得了显著的改进，同时也改善了后者的模型性能。
然⽽，顺序计算的基本约束仍然存在。
注意机制已经成为各种任务中引⼈注⽬的序列建模和转换模型的组成部分，允许建模依赖关系，⽽不考虑它们在输⼊或输出序列中的距离[2,19]。
然⽽，在所有[27]案例中，这种注意机制与循环⽹络⼀起使⽤。
u校园新探索研究生英语unite5 -回复
u校园新探索研究生英语unite5 -回复the following questions:1. What are the benefits and challenges of studying abroad?2. How can studying abroad help improve language proficiency?3. What cultural experiences can be gained through studying abroad?4. What are some tips for adjusting to a new academic environment while studying abroad?5. How can studying abroad contribute to personal and professional growth?Studying abroad has become increasingly popular among graduate students as it offers a range of benefits as well as some challenges. In this article, we will explore the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad, focusing on language proficiency improvement, cultural experiences, academic adjustment, and personal and professional growth.One of the main benefits of studying abroad is the opportunity to immerse oneself in a foreign language environment. By living and studying in a foreign country, graduate students are constantlyexposed to the target language, which enhances their language skills significantly. Daily interactions with local residents, attending classes conducted in the target language, and learning from native speakers are all effective ways to improve language proficiency. Moreover, studying abroad provides the chance to acquire specialized vocabulary and language skills related to the graduate program, which is often not available in one's home country.Cultural experiences are another important aspect of studying abroad. Living in a different culture allows graduate students to broaden their horizons, develop intercultural communication skills, and gain a deeper understanding and appreciation for different customs and traditions. Exploring local landmarks, participating in cultural events, and building relationships with local residents are all valuable experiences that contribute to personal growth and global perspectives.However, studying abroad also comes with its challenges. Adjusting to a new academic environment can be daunting as educational systems, teaching methods, and assessment criteria may differ from one's home country. It may take time to adapt to new learning styles, expectations, and academic demands.Graduate students studying abroad may also face the challenge of language barriers, which can hinder effective communication and academic performance. Additionally, being away from familiar support networks and facing homesickness can be emotionally challenging.To overcome these challenges, it is important to be proactive in adjusting to a new academic environment. This includes attending orientation programs and workshops, seeking guidance from academic advisors, and building relationships with fellow students. Taking advantage of support services offered by the host institution, such as language courses and tutoring programs, can also aid in overcoming language barriers. Developing effective time management skills and seeking a balance between academic and personal life is crucial to maintaining overall well-being.Studying abroad offers immense personal and professional growth opportunities. It allows graduate students to develop independence, adaptability, and resilience in a new environment. Cultural immersion and intercultural experiences enhance communication skills, cultural sensitivity, and global awareness, which are highly valued in today's interconnected world. Theexperience of studying abroad also demonstrates an individual's ability to step out of their comfort zone and embrace new challenges, which is highly regarded by employers and graduate programs.In conclusion, studying abroad provides numerous benefits and challenges for graduate students. While it can improve language proficiency, offer cultural experiences, and contribute to personal and professional growth, it also requires adjustments to a new academic environment. By being proactive, seeking support, and maintaining a positive mindset, graduate students can make the most of their study abroad experience and achieve their academic and personal goals.。
(完整版)新编英语教程5册Unit1的答案
ComprehensionI. Judge which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the article.A. To be able to use the right word is an important component of one’s mastery of the English language.B. To facilitate one’s own process of cognition and one’s communication with others, one must be able to choose the right word from the extensive vocabulary of the English language.C. It is more important to know exactly the meaning and use of a relatively small number of words than to know vaguely a larger number.II. Determine which is the best choice for each of the following questions.1. “Clean English” in the first paragraph means .A. English of a dignified styleB. English free from swear wordsC. English which is precise and clear2.The word “realization” in the sentence “Choosing words is part of the process of realization…” means .A. articulating soundsB. fulfilling one’s goalsC. becoming aware of what one thinks and feels3. The example given in para. 3 of a man searching for the right word for his feelings about his friend illustrates the function words perform in .A. defining out thoughts and feelings for ourselvesB. defining our thoughts and feelings for those who hear usC. both A and B4. The word “cleanly” in the last sentence means .A. squarelyB. clearlyC. neatly5.The examples of the untranslatability of some words given in para. 11 best illustrate which sentence of the paragraph?A. The first sentence.B. The second sentence.C. The third sentence.III. Answer the following questions.1. Which sentence in the first paragraph establishes the link between the driving of a nail and the choice of a word?2. What does the word “this” in sent ence 1, para. 2, refer to?3. Do you agree with the author that there is a great deal of truth in the seemingly stupid question “How can I know what I think till I see what I say”?Why or why not?4. Explain why the word “imprison” in the example given in para. 9, though not a malapropism, is still not the right word for the writer’s purpose.5. What is the difference between “human” and “humane”? And the difference between “human action” and “humane action”, and also that between “human killer” and “humane killer”?6. What does the word “alive” in the sentence “a student needs to be alive to these differences” (para. 9) mean?7. Why is it difficult and sometimes even impossible to translate a word from one language into another as illustrated in para. 11? Supply some such examples with English and Chinese.8. The writer begins his article with an analogy between the unskilled use of the hammer and the improper choice of words. Identify the places where the analogy is referred to in the rest of the article.Language WorkI. Read the following list of words and consider carefully the meaning of each word. Then complete each of the sentences below using the correct form of an appropriate word from the list.Creep Loiter March Meander Pace Patrol Plod Prowl Ramble Roam SaunterShuffle Stagger Stalk Step Stride Strut Stroll Toddle Tramp Tread Trudge Walk1. After the maths examination Fred, feeling exhausted, across the campus.2. The soldiers reached their camp after 15 miles through the deep snow.3. It is pleasant to in the park in the evening.4. After the cross-country race Jack to the changing room.5. Last night when he sleepily to the ringing telephone, he accidentally bumped into the wardrobe.6. We saw him towards the station a few minutes before the train’s departure.7. The old couple through the park, looking for a secluded bench to sit on and rest.8. The newly-appointed general about the room like a latter-day Napoleon.9. Peter whistled happily as he along the beach.10. These old people liked to about the antique ruins in search of a shady picnic spot.11. Many tourists about the mall, windowshopping.12. We were fascinated by the view outside the room----a beautiful verdant meadow and brooks through it.13. Mary used to about the hills and pick wild flowers for her mother.14. Eager to see the pony in the stable, the children down the staircase, their hearts pounding violently.15. The lion had the jungle for a long time before it caught sight of a hare.16. My brother began to when he was ten months old.17. The farmers often let their horses freely in the meadow so that they could eat their fill of grass.18. The patrols were along through the undergrowth when the bomb exploded.19. The thugs were reported to be the streets for women workers who were on their way home after the afternoon shift.20. The first-year students not only learned how to , they were also taught how to take aim and shoot when they had military training.21. Sometimes Tom, our reporter, would up and down the study, deep in thought.22. When he was Third Street, Fred found the little match girl lying dead at the street corner.23. Secretaries hated seeing their new manager in and out of theoffice without even casting a glance at them.24. Mother asked us to lightly so as not to wake Granny.25. The refugees for miles and miles all day hunting for a place to work.26. When the pop singer out of the car, his fans ran to him, eager to get his autograph.27. The laborers on their way home after working in the plantation the whole day.28.The lion was feeling pretty good as he (A) through the jungle. Seeing a tiger, the lion stopped it.“Who is the King of the jungle?” the lion demanded.“You, O lion, are the King of the jungle,” replied the tiger.Satisfied, the lion (B) on, until he came across a large, ferocious-looking leopard.“Who is the King of the jungle?” asked the lion, and the leopard bowed in awe. “You, mighty lion, you are the King of the jungle,” it said humbly and (C) off.Feeling on top of the world, the lion proudly (D) up to a huge elephant an d asked the same question. “Who is the King of the jungle?”Without answering, the elephant picked up the lion, swirled him round in the air, smashed him to the ground and jumped on him.“Look,” said the lion, “there’s no need to get mad just because you didn’t know the answer.”II. Make a list of more specific words for each of the following general terms. For example, for WALK, you could list stride, stroll, saunter, plod, toddle and so on. Give sentences to illustrate how the words may be used.1. SAY2. SEE3. BEVERAGE4. EXCITEMENT5. DELIGHT6. SKILFULIII. In the following sentences three alternatives are given in parentheses for the italicized words. Select the one which you think is most suitable in the context.1. A clumsy (heavy, stupid, unskillful) workman is likely to find fault with his tools.2. As John was a deft (skillful, clever, ready) mechanic, he was hired by the joint-venture in no time.3. The writer made a point of avoiding using loose(vague, unbound, disengaged) terminology in his science fiction.4. We didn’t appreciate his subtle(delicate, tricky, profound) scheme to make money at the expense of the customers.5. Annie Oakley became famous as one of the world’s most precise (accurate, scrupulous, rigid) sharpshooters.6. The government in that newly-independent country has decided to make ashift (alteration, turn, transference) in its foreign policies.7. Misunderstanding arose on account of the vague(undetermined, confused, ambiguous) instructions on the part of the manager.8. If soldiers do not pay scrupulous (exact, vigilant, conscientious) attention to orders they will not defeat the enemy.9. In some areas, the virgin forest has been cut through ignorance (blindness, want of knowledge, darkness) of the value of trees.10. Since many pure metals have such disadvantages (harm, unfavourableness, drawbacks) as being too soft and being liable to rust too easily, they have little use.11. My colleague, Mr. Hill, has a small but well-chosen library, where it is said he spends most of his spare time cultivating(nourishing, tilling, developing) his mind.12. If you think photography is my hobby, your belief is quite mistaken (fraudulent, erroneous, deceitful).13. What appears to the laymen as unimportant (minute, trivial, diminutive) and unrelated facts is often precious to the archaeologist.14. The lounge has a seating capacity of 30 people but it is too dark (dim, dingy, gloomy) to read there.15. These career-oriented women are used to flexible (adaptable, willowy, docile) working hours in the office.16. Only experts with a professional eye can tell the fine(fair, pleasant,subtle) distinction between the two gems.17. The goose quill pen has a great sentimental (tender, emotional, soft) appeal to Emily as it was a gift from her best friend.18. Being thoughtful of and enthusiastic towards others is the essence (gist, kernel, quintessence) of politeness.19. When Iraq destroyed some of its nuclear and chemical weapons, it acted under coercion (repression, concession, compulsion).20. My uncle’s oft-repeated anecdotes of his adventures in Africa were fascinating (catching, pleasing, absorbing ) to listen to.IV. Give one generic term that covers each of the following groups of words.1. artificer, turner, joiner, carpenter, weaver, binder, potter, paper-cutter2. volume, brochure, pamphlet, treatise, handbook, manual, textbook, booklet3. painter, sculptor, carver, poet, novelist, musician, sketcher4. grin, smirk, beam, simper5. donation, subscription, alms, grant, endowment6. bandit, poacher, swindler, fraud, embezzler, imposter, smuggler7. nibble, munch, devour, gulp8. drowse, doze, slumber, hibernate, coma, rest, nap9. manufacture, construct, weave, compose, compile10. ancient, antique, old-fashioned, obsolete, archaic11. slap, tap, pat, thump, whack12. alight, descend, dismount, disembarkV. Fill in each blank with an appropriate word.In discussing the relative difficulties of analysis which the exact and inexact sciences face, let me begin with an analogy. Would you agree that swimmers are (1) skilful athletes than runners (2) swimmers do not move as fast as runners? You probably would (3) . You would quickly point out (4) water offers greater (5) to swimmers than the air and ground do to (6) Agreed, that is just the point. In seeking to (7) their problems, the social scientists encounter (8) resistance than the physical scientists. By (9) I do not mean to belittle the great accomplishments of physical scientists who have been able, for example, to determine the structure of the atom (10) seeing it. That is a tremendous (11) yet (12) many ways it is not so difficult as what the social scientists are expected to (13) . The conditions under which the social scientists must work would drive a (14) scientist frantic. Here are five of (15) conditions. He can perform (16) experiments; he cannot measure the results accurately; he (17) control the conditions surrounding (18) experiments; he is of the expected to get quick results(19) slow-acting economic forces; and he must work with people,(20) with inanimate objects…VI. Following Warner’s model of establishing an analogy between two dissimilar things, write a passage, discussing the learning of a foreign language. You are supposed to use an analogy to help you explain. For instance, you may compare the learning of a foreign language to that of swimming, bike-riding, etc.UNIT 1 TEXT 1Exercises KeysComprehension:I. B ;II. 1.C 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.C ;III. 1. “So with language; …firmly and exactly.”2. Getting the word that is completely right for the writer’s purpose.3. Yes, I do. It sounds irrational that a person does not know what he himself thinks before he sees what he says. But as a matter of fact, it is quite true that unless we have found the exact words to verbalize our own thoughts we can never be very sure of what our thoughts are; without words, our thoughts cannot be defined or stated in a clear and precise manner.4. “Malapropism” means the unintentional misuse of a word by confusing it with one that resembles it, such as human for humane, singularity for singleness. But the misuse of “imprison” is a different case. It is wronglychosen because the user has failed to recognize its connotation.5. human=of, characterizing, or relating to manhumane=characterized by kindness, mercy, sympathyThus: human action=action taken by man; humane action=merciful action; human killer=person that kills humans ; humane killer=that which kills but causes little pain6. sensitive, alert7. Those are words denoting notions which are existent only in specific culture, not universally shared by all cultures. English words difficult to be turned into Chinese: privacy, party, lobby (v.), etc. Chinese words difficult to be turned into English: 吹风会，粽子，五保户，etc.8. “We don’t have to look far afield to find evidence of bad carpentry.”“It is perhaps easier to be a good craftsman with wood and nails than a good craftsman with word s.”“A good carpenter is not distinguished by the number of his tools, but by the craftsmanship with which he uses them. So a good writer is not measured by the extent of his vocabulary, but by his skill in finding the ‘mot juste’, the word that will hit t he nail cleanly on the head.”Language Work:I. 1. shuffled/trudged 2. trudging 3. stroll 4. staggered 5. staggered 6. striding 7. strolled 8. strutted 9. sauntered/strolled 10. ramble/roam 11.loitered 12. meandering 13. roam 14. crept 15. prowled 16. toddle 17. roam 18. creeping 19. prowling 20. march 21. pace 22. patrolling 23. stalking 24. tread 25. tramped 26. stepped 27. plodded 28. A. prowled/strutted B. strolled/sauntered C. walked/crept D. marched/struttedII.1.SAY: speak, tell, declare, pronounce, express, state, argue, affirm, mention, allege, recite, repeat, rehearse2. SEE: behold, look at, glimpse, glance at, view, survey, contemplate, perceive, notice, observe, discern, distinguish, remark, comprehend, understand, know3. BEVERAGE: liquor, wine, beer, tea, coffee, milk drink, soft drink4. EXCITEMENT: agitation, perturbation, commotion, disturbance, tension, bustle, stir, flutter, sensation5. DELIGHT: joy, gladness, satisfaction, charm, rapture, ecstasy, pleasure, gratification6. SKILFUL: apt, ingenious, handy, ready, quick, smart, expert, capable, able, gifted, talented, dexterous, cleverIII. 1. clumsy----unskillful 2. deft----skillful 3. loose----vague 4. subtle----tricky 5. precise----accurate 6. shift----alteration 7. vague----ambiguous8. scrupulous----conscientious 9. ignorance----want of knowledge 10. disadvantages----drawbacks 11. cultivation----developing 12.mistaken----erroneous 13. unimportant----trivial 14. dark----dim 15. flexible----adaptable 16. fine----subtle 17. sentimental----emotional 18. essence----quintessence 19. coercion----compulsion 20. fascinating----absorbingIV. 1. craftsman 2. book/publication 3. artist 4. smile 5. contribution 6. law-breaker 7. eat 8. sleep 9. make 10. old 11. hit 12. get offV. 1. less 2. because/since/as 3. not 4. that 5. resistance 6. runners 7. solve 8. greater/more 9. that 10. without 11. achievement/feat 12. in 13. do 14. physical 15. those 16. few 17. cannot 18. the 19. with 20. not。
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Model Test
I say we are the best new university because over the last seven years the Times newspaper reckoned us the best new university and this year the Financial Times also reckoned us the best new university. 我说我们是最佳新兴大学是因为过去7年来 年来《 我说我们是最佳新兴大学是因为过去 年来《泰 晤士报》一直把我校评为最佳新兴大学， 晤士报》一直把我校评为最佳新兴大学，而今 金融时报》也把我校评为最佳新兴大学。 年《金融时报》也把我校评为最佳新兴大学。
Basic Intrepreing Techniques (Figures)
Basic Techniques for Interpreting Figures 点三杠四法 英文数字: 逗点从右至左每三位一点; 英文数字 逗点从右至左每三位一点 汉语数字: 以斜杠从右自左每四位一划; 汉语数字 以斜杠从右自左每四位一划 缺位补零法 某些数位为零时,零数位的要及时补零 零数位的要及时补零。 某些数位为零时 零数位的要及时补零。
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5. 在平等友好的基础上 in a friendly manner/on the basis of equality & frienship 6. 广泛领域里的合作 cooperation in a wide ranges of areas/in extensive areas 7. 建立新的伙伴关系 build/establish/set up new partnership 8. 给亚欧国家的商界带来可观的投资和贸易良机 provide the business community/circle of Asian and European countries with tremendous/considerable investment and trade opportunies. offer…to…
Read aloud these figures in English
一万 一亿 万亿
十万 十亿
百万 百亿
千万 千亿
Keys
203.7 亿 1.306万 万 123.45 公顷 42.192 公里 60.25 公斤 600.53 亿美元 5.8万元 万元 166.68万吨 万吨 866.9万人次 万人次 436.75万名新生 万名新生
Model Test
We gradually grew and became a college of technology and then a polytechnic college. About ten years ago, we became a university. 此后我校逐渐发展成技术专科学校， 此后我校逐渐发展成技术专科学校，后 来又发展成综合性理工学校。 年前 年前， 来又发展成综合性理工学校。10年前， 我们发展成为一所大学。 我们发展成为一所大学。
Useful Expressions (增长、减少、总计等) 增长、减少、
Useful Expressions
增加： 增加： increase, rise, grow, go up increase to, go up to, rise to 增长到： 增长到： go 增长了： 增长了： up by x%, increase by x% 飙升： 飙升： climb, surge up, jump up, soar 下降： 下降： decrease, decline, drop, fall, go down 稍降： 稍降： be trimmed, dip, slip 超过： surpass, exceed, be more than, be over 超过：
Key Expressions
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Warm-up Pracice (Figures)
Read out the following figures both in Chinese and in English
269857000 9372610 3618765
28529000 9946140 3851788
Model Test
We are a comprehensive university with a large number of professional courses. We have about 16,000 students and about 20% of them are from outside of UK, from over one hundred different countries. 我校是一所综合性大学， 有大量的专业课程。 我校是一所综合性大学 ， 有大量的专业课程 。 我校有在校生16000名，其中约 我校有在校生 名 其中约20%是来自英国 是来自英国 以外的100多个不同的国家的海外学生。 多个不同的国家的海外学生。 以外的 多个不同的国家的海外学生
Unit 5 Figure Interpreting
By Jenny ZHANG Mar. 21, 2011 hdukouyi@ 20110228
Homework
• Pair work: (课内抽查，计入总分 课内抽查， 课内抽查 计入总分) S1/S2 introduce a city (figures) in English; • After-class Exercise： ： 网盘-中口真题 中口听力真题(0903) 中口真题-中口听力真题 网盘 中口真题 中口听力真题 网盘-中口课件 中口课件-U5-Homework 网盘 中口课件 -四句英译中，课外完成，课内校对； 四句英译中， 四句英译中 课外完成，课内校对；
Keys
8,666 801,806 2,009,005 363,605,401 45,060,130 945, 063, 505 1,278,865,000 12.5 million 15.28 million 1.03 trillion
Basic Techniques for Interpreting Figures 公式法: 公式法 常用的易出错的数位转换公式 Speaking Practice:
Useful Expressions
达到： 达到： reach, amount to, come to, hit 总计： 总计： total, add up to, amount to 占： account for, make up, take 多达： 多达： be as much as, be as many as, be up to 大约: approximately, roughly, more or less 大约 少于： 少于： less than , fewer than, below, within 多于： 多于： more than, over, above
Sentence Interepreting (E-C)
In-class Practice
Topic: Introduction to a University Retell (use same language) Interpreting (Sol of art 工艺学校 a college of technology 技术专科学校 a polytechnic college 综合性理工大学 the Times newspaper 泰晤士报 Financial Times 金融时报 reckon 认为 professional courses 专业课程
Figure Interpreting-Sentence 2 Examples for Analysis
年相比， 年工业排污减少了11.6%；家庭排 同1997年相比，1998年工业排污减少了 年相比 年工业排污减少了 ； 污增加了2.6%。 污增加了 。 Compared with 1997, the discharge of industrial wastewater dropped by 11.6 percent, while that of domestic sewage rose by 2.6 percent in 1998. 1949年至 年至2006, 中国的粮食总产量由 亿吨增加到 亿 中国的粮食总产量由1.1亿吨增加到 亿吨增加到9.9亿 年至 吨, 年平均增长3.1%, 是人口增长率的2.5倍. 年平均增长 是人口增长率的 倍 China‘s total grain output increased from 110 million tons in 1949 to 990 million tons in 2006 with an average annual growth rate of 3.1 percent, 2.5 times that of the population growth.
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Key Expressions
1. 从伦敦远道而来的贵宾 the distinguished guests coming all the way from London 2. 与我们一起共度中秋佳节 join us in the celeration of the Mid-Autumn Day 3. 无所拘束地了解彼此 get to know each other better in a less formal way 4. 许多教育界人士对于本次会议的成功召开给予了 很大的帮助 People of the local education community contribute a lot to the successful commencement of this conference.
Model Test
Oxford Brookes University is widely regarded as the best new university in Britain. We started in Oxford in 1965 as a school of art. 牛津布鲁克斯大学在英国被广泛认为是 最好的新兴大学。我校1965年在牛津成 最好的新兴大学。我校 年在牛津成 立时还是一所工艺学校。 立时还是一所工艺学校。