剑桥国际英语教程 4 Unit 1

•What do you expect to read in the following letters?
Paragraph 2
• subsist • to obtain enough food or money to stay alive: • The prisoners were subsisting on a diet of bread and water • consist • assist
third president of the United States. Jefferson is also regarded as a great political thinker and diplomat. The U.S. doubled its area in 1803 when he bought territory west of the Mississippi called the Louisiana Purchase.
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Final exam: ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ0% Two tests: 10%×2 Homework & recitation: 20% Short play: 10%
• Cloze & grammar and vocabulary
How do you define friend?
a person whom you know well and whom you like a lot, but who is usually not a member of your family a person with whom one has a bond of mutual affection, typically one exclusive of sexual or family relations
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable
Rights that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. Declaration of Independence
• vindicate • to prove that what someone said or did was right or true, after other people thought it was wrong: • The decision to include Morris in the team was completely vindicated when he scored three goals. • The investigation vindicated her complaint about the newspaper
• solace • help and comfort when you are feeling sad or worried: • When his wife left him, he found solace in the bottle (= drank alcohol). • Music was a great solace to me during this period.
• What did they do together? • 1779 closely acquainted • 1782 met frequently & corresponded • 1790 political career • 1292 Madison joined Jefferson • They complemented one another.
• ail • to be ill, or to cause to be ill: • She had been ailing for years before she died. • to cause difficulty and problems for: • The government seems to have no understanding of what ails the country.
• look up to sb phrasal verb • to admire and respect someone: • He'd always looked up to his uncle.
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adversity a difficult or unlucky situation or event: She was always cheerful in adversity. The road to happiness is paved with adversities.
A Great Friendship
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
Thomas Jefferson (1743 – 1826)
Thomas Jefferson was the author of the Declaration of Independence, a principal leader in the American Revolution, and the
• posterity • the people who will exist in the future: • Every attempt is being made to ensure that these works of art are preserved for posterity.
• drift apart phrasal verb • If two people drift apart, they gradually become less friendly and their relationship ends.
What’s important in friendship?
acceptance trust
understanding
sharing
recognition
loyalty time tolerance
encouragement
company support
Friendship among men vs. friendship among women
• Women • The best friend is someone she can be What are the close to and talk to. • They talk in detail about everyday events. • They share feelings and secrets. • Men • Talking is about giving and getting facts. differences? • Men base friendships on doing—getting together with buddies, playing sports or going places.
• down (UNHAPPY) • unhappy; unable to feel excited or energetic about anything: • She's been really down since her husband died. • I've been (feeling) a bit down this week.
James Madison (1751 - 1836)
James Madison was the fourth U.S. president. Because of his central role in the Constitutional Convention, he became known as the “Father of the Constitution.” As a congressman from Virginia, he sponsored the first ten Amendments known as the Bill of Rights. Madison, a strong supporter of human rights, was by nature a mediator. He kept the United States out of war with Napoleon, but reluctantly led the country into another war with Britain in 1812. During his second term, he encouraged national growth.
• endure • to continue to exist for a long time: • The political system established in 1400 endured until about 1650.
• What does pleasure and utility mean in a friendship? Do you have similar experience? •
• further • to advance something: • He has probably done more to further the cause of interracial harmony than any other person.
• spring • to appear or start to exist suddenly: • Thousands of new businesses have sprung up in the past couple of years. • a place where water naturally flows out from the ground: • bubbling/hot springs