201124310101李新literature review

201124310101 11英语1班李新SECTION ONE DEFINITION OF OEDIPUS COMPLEX The Oedipus complex is always a hot topic not only confined in Sons and Lovers( by D.H. Lawrence). The Oedipus complex is also called “Mother Fixation”. Actually, it refers to the process of psychological tendency of a boy, or a man. Oedipus complex is that no matter how old you are, the man always obeys and attaches to his mother. We designate that this kind of person has not weaned in the psychologically. Freud put forward this theory at first. He believed that the Oedipus complex is an important factor in the development of individual personalities. There are a lot of scholars and writers discusses about the definition of Oedipus complex and its manifestations in literary works. Some scholars thought that children who live in a good family and social environment are unlikely perplexing deformity feelings–Oedipus complex. Some experts believed that the Oedipus complex is a kind of common phenomenon.In a word, scholars don’t reach a consensus.SECTION TWO RELEVENT THEORIESBased on Freud’s perspective, to kill the father and marry mother is just an extreme performance of a kind of Oedipus complex, whose nature is just the similarity and complement. Take boys as an example, boys have the same gender as their fathers, so they are basically, or at least similar, boys think that fathers set good examples for them, they learn, imitate, and absorb all the their fathers’ personalities, psychological characteristics, and then becoming their own. However, in terms of their mothers who belong to the opposite gender. They, the 2 genders, complement each other, and rely on each other. To summarize this kind of relationship, we’d better use “to love mothers like fathers.” Fathers love their mothers, therefore, boys intimate them, and the love will be more and more profound. In order to win their mother’s heart, they have to try their best to imitate their fathers.SECTION THREE OVERSEAS RESEARCH STATUS Sons and Lovers draws widespread attention in Europe. Nozar Niazi (2013) in his essays A Stylistic Analysis of D.H. Lawrence’s “Sons and Lovers”is analyzing D.H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lover through a stylistic approach. His analysis of Sons and Lovers is from the perspectives of language, lexis, syntax, phonology, figurative language, cohesion and coherence, and the hidden meaning in the discourse is explored.Except that, some other researches discuss the Sons and Lovers from the Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic. Sofe Ahmed (2012) says Paul has not become a normal adult by getting over some problems like other children. That is not only determined by his mother’s abnormal maternity. The reasons are in many ways, some come from the parents, some come from his and brothers, some even from the society, the mechanical civilization, which leads the family tragedy and distortion of personality and devastates people’s healthy development on spirits. And Alfred Booth Kuttner in her essay A Freudian Appreciation, also refers that Professor Sigmund Freud’s theory of the psychological evolution of the emotion of love as finally expressed by a man or a woman towards a member of the other sex, and the problemwhich Mr. Lawrence voices is the struggle of a man to emancipate himself from his maternal allegiance and to transfer his affections to a woman who stands outside of his family circle. Doreen M. Dwart also in her research mentions that the Oedipus complex which will mark the child’s personality thereafter. Dr. Dennis Hoilman (1949) analyses the novel from the characters of self- sacrifice, in his essaySelf-Sacrifice as Substitute for Self-Fulfillment in Sons and Lovers he comes up that the novel ends with one character asserting himself to at least attempt to achieveself-fulfillment. The three women who could not leave self-sacrifice are at the end dead, feeling dead or only semi-conscious while Paul found a chance to live a full life.SECTION FOUR DOMESTIC RESEARCH STATUS It is worthwhile noticing that the novel’s style, structure, symbolic meaning and feature attract much attention. Li Xuezhang talks about the form and style of Son and Lovers. Huang Baoju(2000), in her essay On Symbolic Meaning and Moon, points out that horse and moon is used to represent the complicated and innermost feelings of the character and to reveal the clash of industrialization and nature. From a sociolinguistic perspective, Li Na(2005) examines the language of characters and writing skill of the novel in A Tragedy Determined by Language Use.Other various aspects of Sons and Lovers have been scholars’ favorite discussing topics. Many scholars focus on the analysis of the characters. For instance, Zhang Huijun advocates that there exists a sacrifice of love between Paul and Mrs. Morel. Some scholars analyze this novel through the perspective of Freud’s psychoanalysis, namely Cui Jianli, Huang Hanpin, Liu jiyuan etc, believing Paul’s love to his mother tallies with Oedipus complex. Besides, the theme of Narcissistic complex is under the discussion as well Luo Chunyan. According to the Zhang Lin who writes the article Sons and lovers of the ecological criticism, Lawerence’s love of nature is showed. Some scholars like Guo Ruizhi, Zhao Chunhui also disscuss the relationship between man and women under the industrialization and draw a conclusion on the gender and love.SECTION FIVE PERSONAL RESEARCHIn Sons and Lovers, Mrs. Morel, Paul’s mother, totally gives her love to his sons, for she cannot get that from her husband due to their personality. In the bottom of her heart, Paul is her ideal love, this kind of emotional feeling gives her the biggest motivation to raise him, take care of him. And everything she did to Paul is obviously beyond what a mother could do to her son, to a deeper degree, it’s the embodiment of affection. What’s more, Paul also regards his mother as his love, for he cannot escape from the reality, that is mother controls everything. There is a belief in his mind, as long as his mother is still in the world, he could not find his love in his lifetime. Because the lover is beside him, that is his mother.As far as I’m concerned, Sons and Lovers is indeed what we called the tragedy, and we can probably attribute all the pains and sufferings of almost every character in this novel to it. For it reflects the Oedipus complex, Mrs. Morel intended to seek true love, which she couldn’t get from his husband, thus she had to resort to her sons. She began to give her infinite love to them, she dedicated herself passionately to her children,demanding them to make tremendous amounts of practice, making the mostof every talent with which they were endowed. Eventually, she succeeded in making her boys achieve their goals, but she failed to establish them, as a mother should. She failed to make them be independent individuals, who were capable of living their own lives and loving their own loves without constant reference to her judgment and feelings.Thus, Oedipus complex was deep rooted in the minds of her boys. Consequently, they suffered painfully in the pursuit of true love. Every time William and Paul had relationship with another girl, they found it quite impossible to love their girlfriends, because they couldn’t stop themselves taking the feelings of their mother into consideration. Constant struggles in their heart resulted in failure and pain. At the same time, Mrs. Morel herself also suffered as severely from it. There is also a precise distinction as well as connection between then and now, for we should take our mother’s feeling into consideration, but we never struggled in Oedipus complex.。