2021届高一英语必修一Unit 4 Natural disasters单元作文总结复习
2021学年高一英语必修一Unit 4 Natural Disasters(A卷基础卷)同步双测新人教版(原卷版)
『高一教材·同步双测』『A卷基础篇』『B卷提升篇』试题汇编前言：本试题选于近一年的期中、期末、中考真题以及经典题型，精选精解精析，旨在抛砖引玉，举一反三，突出培养能力，体现研究性学习的新课改要求，实现学生巩固基础知识与提高解题能力的双基目的。
（1）A卷注重基础，强调基础知识的识记和运用；（2）B卷强调能力，注重解题能力的培养和提高；（3）单元测试AB卷，期中、期末测试。
构成立体网络，多层次多角度为考生提供检测，查缺补漏，便于寻找知识盲点或误区，不断提升。
祝大家掌握更加牢靠的知识点，胸有成竹从容考试！Unit4 Natural Disasters测试卷（A卷基础篇）【人教版】学校：__________班级：__________姓名：_________ 考号：___________温馨提示：本试卷共分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分,第Ⅰ卷为选择题；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题；满分为120分,考试时间为100分钟。
请同学们将答案写在答题卡上,务必注意你的书写。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AWater goes around and around Earth in a never ending journey called the watercycle（循环）. The sun heats up lakes, oceans, and other wet places on Earth. When thewater gets warm enough, it changes into vapour. Plants also give off lots of watervapour. Some of this water vapour cools off high in the sky and becomes clouds. Thenit falls back to Earth in a new place as rain or snow. This cycle happens over and overagain.The ground can absorb water like a sponge (海绵). If you could see this groundwater, it wouldn’t look like a lake or river. The groundwater is mixed in with the rocks and sand that lie in layers(层) below Earth’s surface.Groundwater moves along slowly. How slowly? Maybe 1.5 kilometres in onecentury. Some of this water has been underground for thousands of years. And oncegroundwater is pumped out of the ground from a deep well（井）by people, it maytake hundreds of years for another water to take its place.1. The groundwater seems to________.A. be just on the groundB. be pure water like that in a lake or riverC. exist in rocks and sandD. flow along like rivers or streams2. The underlined word “pumped” in the passage can be replaced by________.A. runB. pushedC. drawnD. picked3. What conclusion（结论）can we draw from the passage?A. Groundwater can be quickly replaced by other water once pumped out.B. Groundwater is very valuable.C. Groundwater has nothing to do with human beings.D. Groundwater travel in an unknown way.B（烟台理工学校2019—2020学年度第二学期期中）The trouble started at 9：30 pm last New Year’s Eve, in Newmark. When the fire engines (消防车) arrived at the fire, a very old woman was sitting in a third floor window. The firefighters placed a ladder (梯子) against the wooden house, and 26－year－old Marcus Reddick climbed 35 feet to the third floor.The woman, 60 years old and very fat, was sitting with both feet out of the window. When Marcus reached the top of the ladder, the woman, afraid and nervous, put her two legs around him. Suddenly Marcus fell backwards off the ladder, with the large woman sitting on him. Marcus landed first—hitting a wall beside the front stairs—and broke the woman’s fall. She fell no more, but he fell another ten feet down the stairs. When the fire officer reached him, Marcus was unconscious．Within an hour, a doctor told the men that Marcus was nearly brain dead, and would only get worse. Doctors talked of turning off the life－saving machine and asked if the family would like to give away his heart. The answer was “yes”．On January 6, firefi ghters lifted Marcus’ coffin (棺材)—covered with an American flag—onto a yellow fire engine. Hundreds of firefighters from all over the state joined the procession (行列) through Newmark streets. Children watched silently from school windows. The day Marcus died, his heart was given away to ayoung girl. His family said that it was the second life Marcus had saved.4．What happened last New Year’s Eve in Newmark?A．An old woman was killed. B．A fire engine was missing.C．A firefighter was murdered. D．A wooden house caught fire.5．After reaching the top of the ladder, Marcus________．A．was very afraid and nervous B．couldn’t see anything clearly C．found it difficult to get down D．was knocked off and got hurt 6．The underlined word “unconscious” in Paragraph 2 means “________”．A．homeless B．senseless C．breathless D．helpless 7．We can infer from the end of the text that Marcus’ family might feel ________．A．sad but proud B．shy but excitedC．angry and doubtful D．worried and surprisedCWorld Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.The very first World Environment Day took place in 1974，established by the United Nations General Assembly on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment that took place in 1972.Each year the United Nations pick a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others，followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness. Environmentalists，academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.The 2018 World Environment Day is hosted by India，and the theme is Beat Plastic Pollution. It urges people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags to reduce the production and use of disposable plastic，which makes up 10% of all of the waste. Even though the United Nations pick a specific host city every year，people around the world still celebrate World Environment Day in theirhometowns with parades(游行)，concerts，cleaning up and tree planting and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet and battling pollution. World Environment Day is not a public holiday，so you won't be getting the day off work or school，but if you want to celebrate，why not bring it to the attention of your parents，friends，colleagues or classmates? World Environment Day is all about working together to take action for the planet，so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something. Things as small as making sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference. You could also try beautifying your neighborhood by planting gardens，learn about green foods，raise money for a local wildlife conservation group of simply learn about the effects of different products on the earth. 8．Why is World Environment Day set up?A．To make people know more about nature.B．To ask people to help to protect the globe.C．To warn people of the danger of air pollution.D．To encourage people to plan the earth's future.9．What do people do on World Environment Day?A．Decide a host city.B．Hold a theme party.C．Discuss environmental ideas.D．Show some plastic products.10．Which of the following words is the closest in meaning to “disposable” in Paragraph 3?A．High cost.B．Poor- quality.C．Secondhand.D．Single use.11．What's the main idea of the last paragraph?A．Every bit of effort counts/ matters. CountB．Doing is better than saying.C．Many hands make light work.D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.DTo prevent the deserts coming near, China has planted billions of trees---to replace destroyed forests and as barriers against the sand. This isn’t a cure, though, say experts, as thirsty trees can make the problem worse by taking in groundwater.“Planting trees is one way, but it isn’t that simple. It doesn’t solve the basic issue of water resources,” says Wu Bo, a professor. “We need to calculate how much water the trees will absorb, or else it could have a negative effect.”Villagers in Zhengxin have taken on this challenge, with limited success. When the irrigation channels began to run dry, Lu Xianglin switched from wheat to cotton on his land. He also planted trees to protect his fields from sandstorms. He says he still gets good yields（产量）using flood irrigation and earns a good income for his family.Other farmers haven’t stuck it out（坚持到底）: about one in three have left Zhengxin in the past 10 years after their wheat crops died. Young people who can find jobs in the towns rarely return.Last week, Mr. Lu joined the other men in his village on a government-arranged trip to see the land that has been set aside for their relocation, nearly 40 miles to the south. The next day, he was back, shaking his head at the plan. The idea of uprooting his family troubles him, as does the idea of giving up the land that fed his forefathers. He prefers to stay and keep up the fight.“With enough water, this problem can be solved,” Lu says. “We can plant trees and grass, and they will grow bigger. That will stop the desert.”Experts say that farmers could switch to drip irrigation （滴灌）to lessen their water intake for growing crops. Elsewhere in the region, farmers have built brick greenhouses as part of a plan to grow vegetables using less water. Roadside signs urge farmers to “Save Water, Protect the Environment”.12. The negative effect of planting trees in deserts is that __________.A. it can make groundwater become lessB. it can prevent the sand moving freelyC. it can stop crops growing wellD. it can get the soil to become poor13. Why did Mr. Lu NOT accept the idea of relocation?A. Because the plan of relocation will cost him much money.B. Because his family had trouble moving away.C. Because he was reluctant to give up his land.D. Because he would rather stay than fight against the deserts.14. What can we infer from the passage?A. The deserts drive more and more people to leave their homes for their lives.B. People have no means to fight against the land becoming desert.C. Water is the biggest barrier for people to stop the desert.D. Planting trees cannot solve the problem of desertification of farmland.15. What advice is given by experts to save water?A. To plant more trees.B. To build greenhouses.C. To change crops.D. To use drip irrigation.第二节（（共5小题；每小题 2. 5分，满分12. 5分））根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021届高一英语必修一Unit4Naturaldisasters单元作文总结复习
Unit 4 Natural disasters概要写作概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。
所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。
所需阅读的短文词数在350以内。
写作流程第一步：归纳主旨大意(含段落大意)概要写作的第一步便是阅读并抓取主题，进而提取主旨大意，即有关该主题的主要内容或作者在该主题上的观点或主张。
阅读语篇时，根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法：记叙文圈出记叙文的六要素(who，when，where，what，how，why)，如果是夹叙夹议文，还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意说明文找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议议论文提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、论证)第二步：提炼关键词1．结合主旨大意，细读段落，找出每个段落的主旨句和关键词，区别段落中哪些是main ideas，哪些是supporting ideas，examples和additional information。
通常是在相对重要的句子中提炼关键词。
正确的关键词和关键句是概要写作最重要的内容和依据。
2．消减事例，尽量减少实事并省略细节。
第三步：合并和改写1．合并信息首先需要对信息进行分类、整合，找到信息之间的联系，再将联系紧密的信息合并在一起。
同一层级的主旨句不宜合并在一起，但如果联系紧密，且没有支持的细节信息，可以考虑合并。
2．在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式的改写，对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现大规模的改变(改词、换句型)。
第四步：核查成文第四步：核查成文核查连贯性，优先考虑使用最短连接词(but，then，later，finally，besides，thus，therefore，yet，however)；核查标点和语法；核查词数。
；核查标点和语法；核查词数。
常用语句1．表示文章的内容以及研究目的．表示文章的内容以及研究目的This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with...The article focuses on the topic of...This article/passage mainly tells(a story)about...This passage mainly deals with/discusses/explores...This essay presents knowledge that...This paper provides/gives an overview of...In this passage(about...)，the author...The author began the essay/passage by telling/presenting...First/Firstly/In the beginning/In the first part，the authorargues/explains/mentions/states/pointsout(that)．2．表示研究的结论．表示研究的结论The result showed that...The author found that...It was concluded that...Finally/As a conclusion，the author concludes/adds/stresses that...Finally，the author summarizes that...3．表示观点或建议．表示观点或建议The author suggests/considers that...As far as the author is concerned，...In the author's view，...学以致用词左右的内容概要。
2021学年新教材高中英语UNIT4NATURALDISASTERSSectionⅢ课时作业含解析人教版必修一
课时作业19[基础检测]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．The country looks as though it is going to erupt (爆发) into civil war.2．During the eightday march across the desert our supply (供应) of water decreased rapidly.3．The aim is to give people more power (力量) over their own lives.4．Grace tapped (轻敲) on the bedroom door and went in.5．He has ordered some plastic pipes (管子) to decorate his new house.6．He waved (招手)at the waiter，who rushed to the table.7．About one million workers around the world joined in the strike (罢工)．8．He delivered (发表)an important report at the meeting.9．There is a summary (总结) at the end of each chapter.10．Last month，part of Southeast Asia was struck (袭击) by floods.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．The media supplies a lot of information to us every day.2．Which party is in power?3．He kept tapping (tap) his fingers on the table.4．We will go back to normal when things calm down.5．Dictionaries are a great aid in learning languages.6．The workers are on strike for higher pay.7．The new tax rates come into effect from April.8．More attention should be paid to_improving (improve) equipment in our factory so that we can increase our production.9．She had finally carried out her promise to quit smoking.10．The glass broken (break) by my son has been swept away.[能力提升]Ⅰ.阅读理解Mandara seemed to know something big was about to happen.So she let out a yell，caught hold of her 2yearold daughter Kibibi and climbed up into a tree.She lives at the National Zoo in Washington DC.And on Tuesday，August 23rd，witnesses said she seemed to sense the big earthquake that shook much of the East Coast before any humans knew what was going on.And she's not the only one.In the moments before the quake，an orangutan (猩猩) let out a loudcall and then climbed to the top of her shelter.“It's very different from their normal call，” said Brandie Smith，the zookeeper.“The lemurs (monkey like animals of Madagascar) will sound an alarm if they see or hear something highly unusual.”But you can't see or hear an earthquake 15 minutes before it happens，can you? Maybe you can—if you're an animal.“Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing，” said Brandie Smith.“That's part of their special abilities.They're more sensitive to the environment，which is how they survive.”Primates weren't the only animals that seemed to sense the quake before it happened.One of the elephants made a warning sound and a huge lizard (蜥蜴) ran quickly for cover.The flamingoes (a kind of birds) gathered before the quake and stayed together until the shaking stopped.So what kind of vibrations (震动) were the animals picking up in the moments before the quake? Scientist Susan Hough said earthquakes produce two types of waves—a weak “P” wave and then a much stronger “S” wave.The “P” stands for “primary”．And the “S” stands for “secondary”．She thinks the “P” wave might be what sets the animals off.Not all the animals behaved unusually before the quake.For example，Smith said the zoo's giant pandas didn't jump up until the shaking actually began.But many of the other animals seemed to know something was coming before it happened.“I'm not surprised at all，” Smith said.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。
2021_2022学年新教材高中英语Unit4NaturalDisastersListeningan
Ms Fors: Remember to “drop, cover, and ③_h_o_l_d_o_n_”. Drop down onto your hands and knees, cover your head with your hands, and stay away from glass, windows, or anything that could fall. You could find cover under a desk or table. Hold on to the desk or table so it doesn’t ④_m__o_v_e_a_w_a_y__f_ro_m__ you. Teacher: What should we do if we’re outside when an earthquake happens? Ms Fors: Go to an open space away from buildings, trees, or power lines. Student 2: And what about after an earthquake? Ms Fors: Well, if you’re ⑤_tr_a_p_p__ed_, you can use a cell phone to call or text for help. You can also tap on a pipe or a wall, or whistle for help. That way Lucky and I can find you!
Though we can’t stop earthquakes, ⑤_w_e__c_a_n_r_e_d_u_c_e_t_h_e__d_a_m_a_g_e__th__a_t _e_a_r_th__q_u_a_k_e_s_b_r_i_n_g_u_s_(我们能够减少地震给我们带来的破坏) if we take right measures.
人教版高一英语必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disaster
What happened wells
animals
Strange things
Water, rose and fell, cracks
Chickens and pigs didn’t eat ;Mice ran out; Fish jumped out.
put a dead body into the ground
me to
life
Summary
The night the earth didn't sleep
P1 Before the earthquake abnormal signs unprepared P2-3 During the earthquake deadly damage hopeless P4-5 After the earthquake rescue and revival hopeful
Light and sound
Could be seen and heard
Reading for details
Read the text quickly and try to get some details of the text.
Details about Para. 2-3 —— the ruins during the earthquake
Show time
before ： What were you doing？ Feeling？ unprepared
after：thinking and attitude thankful/ unify positive /hopeful
Unit4NaturalDisastersReadingandthinking教学设计-高中英语人教
人教版高一英语必修一Unit4 NA TURAL DISASTERS Reading and Thinking教学设计教材分析1.单元背景。
本单元以“自然灾害”为话题，包含了地震、火山喷发、海啸、飓风等自然灾害的介绍，以及如何在灾难中自救和救人的方法。
在自然灾害面前，人类有时显得很渺小，但是了解自然灾害，掌握自救和救人的方法，却能使我们有效地减少灾害带来的损失。
2.单元分析及教材处理。
为了让学生有充足的Natural Disasters 知识和正确的情感态度去面对自然灾害，而且学生也能学有所用。
本单元旨在让学生了解自然灾害的种类、发生的原因、危害以及如何自救和救人。
让学生对Natural Disasters 的知识有一定的了解，并明白各种自然灾害的破坏性。
使学生在认识的基础上进一步学习阅读课文里有关灾难——地震来临前的征兆和地震过程中的相关知识，并懂得在地震中如何自救，如何救人等内容。
在学习知识的同时增强了学生的社会责任感，树立了正确的人生观，价值观。
珍爱生命，在大灾难前要有大爱，这样也提高了学生的自身素养I．Teaching Content：Unit4 Earthquakes ReadingA Night the Earth Didn’t Sleep II．Teaching time：45 minutesIII．Teaching Goals1. Knowledge aim1). Get the students to learn some useful words and expressions.2). Develop the students reading ability and let them learn different reading skills.2. Ability aims:1). Get the students know damages earthquake bring about and the ways to reduce losses of earthquake.2). Get the students to know how to protect oneself and help others in earthquake.3. Moral aims:1). Know what damages an earthquake will bring about and the ways to reduce losses of an earthquake.2). Know how to protect oneself and to help others in an earthquake.IV. Important points:1.Words: shake, rise, crack, burst, well, smelly, pond, steam, destroy, ruin, injure, survivor, brick, useless, shock, quake, rescue, electricity, disaster, organize, bury, coal, mine, shelter, fresh, percent.2.Phrases: right away, at an end, lie in ruins, be trapped under sth, put up, give out, wake sb up, prepare sth for sth., think little of sth.3.Sentences:(1). It seemed as if the world was at an end.(2). Onethird of the nation felt it.(3). In fifteen terrible seconds, a large city lay in ruins.V. Difficult points1. The meanings of some words and expressions.2. Describe a natural disaster, such as an earthquake3. Understanding of sentences which contain Attributive Clause.VI. Teaching tools blackboard, courseware, tape recorder and some coloured ,pictures.VII. Teaching MethodsSituational teaching methods & interactive teaching methods, cooperative exploring methods.VIII. Teaching Procedures1.Greetings2. LeadinTeacher shows some pictures about the earthquake. Students look at the pictures and think of some new words relating to the natural disasters.3.Reading1). Fast readingTeacher shows the title and the photo on page fifty. Let students guess what the text is about. Student will be given five minutes to get the main idea and pay attention to the beginning and any sentences in each paragraph and find out the topic sentence and then match the main idea with each paragraph.Para.1: A．The rescue work.Para.2: B．The revival of the city.Para.3: C．Warning signs before the earthquake.Para.4: D．The happening of the big earthquake.Para.5: E．The immediate effects of the earthquake2). CarefulreadingStudents will be given five minutes to read part one carefully and do the following exercises: What were some of the strange things happening before the earthquake and how did people in react to the signs.How did people in Tangshan react to the signs?A．Ignorant. B．Alert. C．Sensitive. D. Casual3. What rhetorical device(修辞手法) does the author use in the sentence “the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell”？A．Metaphor(比喻)．B．Repetition(重复)．C．Parallelism(排比)．D．Personification(拟人)．参考答案A AFunction: To make the description more vivid and involve the readers in the atmosphere.Students read part 2 carefully and do the following exercise and read paragraph 3 to carefully to do the following exercise the teacher will choose some students to show your answers for others1. How can we protect ourselves in an earthquake at school？2.What can you do after an earthquake?(Creative thinking)PostreadingGroupwork(1) Don’t be nervous and keep calm.(2) Don’t try to run out of the classroom.(3) Sit down under your desk.(4) Protect your head by putting your bag on your head.(5) Don’t use lift.(6)If possible，run to the schoolyard.IX. Group workStudents will be given five minutes to have a group of work to have a discussion about how can we protect ourselves in an earthquake at school and what can you do after an earthquake? Whatdo you think helped in the revival of city?What lesson can we learn from these events? Some students will be invited to share their answers for the other students.The spirit of bating disaster relief抗震救灾精神Whether in Tangshan earthquake or in Wenchuan earthquake, the most important thing is the spirit of Chinese people. Every time a disaster happens, we fight against it together and we never lose hope. That is the spirit of bating disaster reliefRecently, in the battle against COVID19, China did the best in controlling the virus. That is the result of the spirit of bating COVID19X. SummarySome students will be invited to have a summary about what did we learn today.XI. Homework1.Write a passage about your feelings after today’s passage learning.2.Finish activity 5.XII. Blackboard writingXIII. Teaching reflection课后反思依据教学目标，对学生的学习过程进行评价，旨在反思教学效果，不断改进自己的教学方法与策略。
2021_2022学年新教材高中英语Unit4NaturalDisasters单元素养培优学案含解析
单元素养培优(五) Unit 4Ⅰ. 单词拼写1. This is one of the worst natural disasters(灾难) in the area.2. With the help of her teacher and through her own efforts(努力), Helen graduated from university.3. You told me that you were worried about those bad study habits which affected(影响) your learning.4. Firemen were called out to rescue(营救) a man trapped in the building.5. The people in the earthquake area are in need of food, medicine and shelters (避难处).6. Forty percent (百分比)of the students point out that Senior One students have a lot more homework to do every day.7. So I would need oxygen tanks placed on my back so I could breathe(呼吸) all the time.8. Try to keep calm (镇静的) and just tell me what happened.9. Her beauty struck (打动) him deeply and he decided to date her.10. I am having some flowers delivered(递送) for her birthday.Ⅱ. 单句语法填空1. Many houses were destroyed(destroy) and worse still, many people were injured or some even killed.2. When she smiles, it looks as if the sun were(be) shining.3. The lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship.4. The late flood did much damage to the village.5. He was trapped (trap) in the traffic jam and felt helpless.6. Buried(bury) in the newspaper, he didn’t notice what was happening.7. Do not have a drink or take drugs to calm yourself (you) down.8. Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done (do) something very clever.9. Then I saw it—a thin arm waving(wave) weakly a few yards away.10. When I stopped playing and looked up, I was shocked(shock) to see a small crowed around us.Ⅲ. 完成句子1. Obviously, they didn’t realize that their behavior had done/caused great damage to the beauty of the park.很明显, 他们没有意识到他们的行为给这个美丽的公园造成了巨大的损坏。
高中英语必修一UNIT4 Natural disasters
and began to climb the stairs.
击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
高考总复习·英语(RJ)(教师用书)
必修第一册 UNIT 4 NAT单 词
核
trap 13._______
vt.
5.1.5 million people are in 使落入险境； immediate danger of __d_e_a_th__
单
2.__af_f_e_c_t _ vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打 1.Mr.Green was one of the
词 拓 动→_a_f_fe_c_t_io_n__ n．喜爱；钟爱
_s_u_r_v_iv_o_r_s__who _s_u_rv_i_v_e_d_the
识展
3._b_r_e_a_th_e__ vi.& vt.呼吸→__b_re_a_t_h_ n．呼 earthquake.He told us he
2._r_e_s_c_u_e__ n．& vt. 营救；救援
单 核 3._d_a_m_a_g_e_ vt. 损害；破坏
词
心
n. 损坏；损失
识
单 4._d_e_s_t_ro_y__ vt. 摧毁；毁灭
记 词 5._s_h_o_c_k__ vt. (使)震惊
拼
n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克
写
6._b_u_r_y__ vt. 埋葬；安葬
尽力
高考总复习·英语(RJ)(教师用书)
必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
写准记牢
语境活用
8._s_u_p_p_ly_ vt. 供应；供给
2.(2022·河北3月联考)To avoid
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Unit 4 Natural disasters概要写作概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。
所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。
所需阅读的短文词数在350以内。
写作流程第一步：归纳主旨大意(含段落大意)概要写作的第一步便是阅读并抓取主题，进而提取主旨大意，即有关该主题的主要内容或作者在该主题上的观点或主张。
阅读语篇时，根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法：第二步：提炼关键词1．结合主旨大意，细读段落，找出每个段落的主旨句和关键词，区别段落中哪些是main ideas，哪些是supporting ideas，examples和additional information。
通常是在相对重要的句子中提炼关键词。
正确的关键词和关键句是概要写作最重要的内容和依据。
2．消减事例，尽量减少实事并省略细节。
第三步：合并和改写1．合并信息首先需要对信息进行分类、整合，找到信息之间的联系，再将联系紧密的信息合并在一起。
同一层级的主旨句不宜合并在一起，但如果联系紧密，且没有支持的细节信息，可以考虑合并。
2．在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式的改写，对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现大规模的改变(改词、换句型)。
第四步：核查成文核查连贯性，优先考虑使用最短连接词(but，then，later，finally，besides，thus，therefore，yet，however)；核查标点和语法；核查词数。
常用语句1．表示文章的内容以及研究目的This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with...The article focuses on the topic of...This article/passage mainly tells(a story)about...This passage mainly deals with/discusses/explores...This essay presents knowledge that...This paper provides/gives an overview of...In this passage(about...)，the author...The author began the essay/passage by telling/presenting...First/Firstly/In the beginning/In the first part，the authorargues/explains/mentions/states/pointsout(that)．..2．表示研究的结论The result showed that...The author found that...It was concluded that...Finally/As a conclusion，the author concludes/adds/stresses that...Finally，the author summarizes that...3．表示观点或建议The author suggests/considers that...As far as the author is concerned，...In the author's view，...学以致用阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing.However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry Ⅳ，King of France，was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit(好处) of dirt was longlived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅳ.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine.Hasthe hate for dirt，however，gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many firsttime parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter(后者) position is gaining some ground.参考范文People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin.(要点1)For a long time in history，people of some European countries，such as France，believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.(要点2)However，people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago.People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.(要点3)．Some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system，though.(要点4)读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
续写的词数应为150左右。
He met her at a party.She was so outstanding，with many boys around her，while he was so ordinary，with nobody paying attention to him.At the end of the party，he invited her to have coffee with him.She was surprised，but out of politeness，she agreed.They sat in a nice coffee shop.He was too nervous to say anything，and she felt uncomfortable，thinking，“Please let me go home.”Suddenly he asked the waiter，“Would you please give me some salt?I'd like to put it in my coffee.”Everybody stared at him.So strange！His face turned red, but，still，he put the salt in his coffee and drank it.She asked him curiously，“Why do you have this hobby?”He replied，“When I was a little boy，I was living near the sea.I liked playing in the sea，and I could feel the taste of the sea，just like the taste of the salty coffee.Now every time I have the salty coffee，I always think of my childhood.I miss so much my hometown and my parents who are still living there.”While saying that he couldn't hold back his tears.She was deeply touched.That's his true feeling，from the bottom of his heart.A man who can speak out his homesickness must be a man who loves home，cares about home，and has responsibility for his family.Then she also started to speak about her faraway hometown，her childhood，and her family.That was a really nice talk，also a beautiful beginning of their story.They continued to date.She found that actually he was a man who met all her demands：he was kindhearted，warm and careful.He was such a good person but she almost missed him!Thanks to his salty coffee！Then the story went on just like every beautiful love story：the princess married the prince，and then they were living in happiness...And，every time she made coffee for him，she put some salt in the coffee.Paragraph 1：After 40 years，he passed away，leaving her a letter.Paragraph 2：Learning the truth while reading the letter，参考范文Paragraph 1：After 40 years，he passed away，leaving her a letter.It said，“My dearest，please forgive my only lie I told you—the salty coffee.Remember the first time we dated?I was so nervous that I said salt.Actually I wanted some sugar.”He said many times he wanted to tell her the truth，but he was afraid of losing her.He also told her having her with him was his biggest happiness in his life.If he could live for a second time，he still wanted to marry her.Paragraph 2：Learning the truth while reading the letter，she wept，with tears down her face，making the paper totally wet.Never had she doubted it.Thinking that every time he drank the strange taste of coffee，her heart ached a lot.Her husband was such a kindhearted and considerate man that he hid the truth for his whole life.How deeply he loved her！Someday，someone asked her，“What's the taste of salty coffee?”“It's sweet，”she replied.。