河北省大名县一中2018_2019学年高二英语下学期第二周周测试题201903140269

河北省大名县一中2018-2019学年高二英语下学期第二周周测试题一、阅读理解 (每题2分）AStephen Hawking, a world famous British physicist, also wrote a children’s book with his daughter. Hawking said the book would be “a bit like Harry Potter” but without the magic. “It explains the wonders of the universe,” said Hawking, while he was on a visit to Hong Kong over 10 years ago.Hawking, is probably the world’s most famous scientist after Albert Einstein. He is an expert on black holes. He has put his whole life into digging into the beginning (and the end) of the universe. “My goal is simple,” Hawking once said. “It is to completely understand the universe, why it is as it is and why it is there at all.”Hawking has a bad illness that stops him from moving or talking. For a period of time, he had no way to communicate except by blinking.Now he sits on a wheelchair with a computer by his side. To communicate, he moves two fingers to control the computer’s mouse. He selects his words from the screen, which are then spoken by a voice synthesizer.“I have had the disease for most of my life,” Hawking once said. “Yet it has not stopped me from being successful at my work.”Although Hawking is such a disabled man, he made great achievements. He has received many awards and prizes for his work over the years. This includes winning the Albert Einstein Award. It is the highest achievement in theoretical physics.1.In the first paragraph, the book that Stephen Hawking wrote is_____.A.the same as Harry PotterB.is quite different from Harry Potter.C.about the magicD.about science2.From the text we can learn _____.A.Hawking is more famous than EinsteinB.Hawking is less famous than EinsteinC.Both Hawking and Einstein are very famousD.Neither Hawking nor Einstein is famous3.What does the underlined pronoun “It” in the second paragraph stand for?A.The goal.B.The magic.C.The universe.D.The book.4.According to the text, which of the following statements is the fact?A.Hawking has received many awards and prizes except the Albert Einstein Award.B.The illness keeps him from moving and talking.C.He communicates with others by speaking.D.The illness stopped him from being successful.BIn the far future, robots live on Earth as humans but the population of humans is smaller than a thousand. This is a story of a repair robot R-62.One day, a car came to the repair factory and a human stepped out of the car. “Wow, a human! I have never seen a real one,” said R-62.“Humans are quite clever. They’re able to do any action they want to. They’re even able to harm other human beings or organize wars, which they have been doing a lot in the history. Also they don’t even have to follow orders if they don’t want to,” said another robot T-59 quietly to R-62.“How terrible it is! And almost all robots seem afraid of him and don’t look at him directly,” said R-62.The human then sat down and asked if there had been any problems in the last 10 years and he only got a quick answer, “No, sir.”Then suddenly, R-62 said loudly, “I have one question for you.”The human said, “Yes”, a bit unhappy for not getting “sir”.“Why do human create so many robots?” asked R-62.Silence followed the question and he then said, “I don’t need to answer questions from robots!” He then went into his car and drove away quickly.“I really don't understand why humans replaced themselves with robots,”asked R-62.“Because they thought that robots were more advanced than humans. They created us to support themselves,” answered T-59.“But there are so few humans on Earth. What they should do is to take away the robots or at least make them stop doing the work which humans are supposed to do,” said R-62.“I agree. But we can do nothing about it. And now we have to finish repairing this car,” said T-59.“All right, let’s continue.”5.In T-59’s opinion, humans are_____.A.smartB.politeC.dangerousD.stupid6.According to the text, R-62_____.A.dared not look at the human directlyB.was not friendly to the humanC.decided to give up its jobD.hope to live on Earth7.What can we learn from the story?A.R-62 doesn’t know what human beings look like.B.R-62 and T-59 are brothers and do different jobs.C.T-59 doesn’t want to support human beings.D.T-59 knows a lot about human beings.8.What’s R-62’s attitude towards humans’ creating robots?A.Frightened.B.Excited.C.Doubtful.D.Supportive.CPreparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future isapparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared. Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.9.According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.A.help deal with transportation-related problemsB.provide better services to customersC.cause damage to our environmentD.make some people lose jobs10.As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?A.Safety.B.Side effects.C.Affordability.D.Management.11.What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.DPeople who increased the number of times they chewed their food before swallowing ate less each meal, according to a new study.Slow eaters tend to be slimmer. Before the study, the researchers didn’t know whether asking people to chew more would change the amount of food they ate. But they found meal sizes became smaller when adults chewed more before swallowing--- whether they were slim, normal-weight, overweight or obese.“The study proves the benefits of taking time to chew food well,” said dietitian Brown Giggs.The participants were asked to eat five pizza rolls and count the number of times they chewed each roll. Researchers did not tell them what exactly was being tested in the study. 47 people went on to finish the study. 10 were slim, 10 were normal-weight, 27 were overweight. Those participants attended three weekly lunchtime test periods. Each day, researchers gave them 60 pizza rolls and told them to eat until they were full. Depending on the period, researchers asked people to chew every bite the same number of times as at their test visit, 50% more or twice as many times.Slim participants ate more slowly than normal-weight and overweight participants. Overall, people spent more time eating when they increased the number of times they chewed. The participants rated their appetite ( 食欲) the same after each meal even though slower chewing reduced how much they ate.Researchers noted that the study was conducted under lab conditions, so it's not clear whether it would adapt to normal life. The researchers are now looking to see whether how fast people eat, for example, influences how much they eat. “It takes about 20 minutes for the brain to signal your stomach that you re full,” Brown Riggs said. “Fast eaters can eat a large amount of food within that 20-minute period causing more calories, which can lead to being overweight or obesity.”12.What does the passage tell us?A.Slim people should take time to chew food well.B.People should eat slowly if they want to be slim.C.The amount of food people eat depends on the times they chew it.D.People’s appetite is deeply influenced by the times they chew the food.13.In the study, participants were told to________.A.take more calories from the pizza rollsB.eat five portions of pizza rolls every dayC.understand the purpose of the testD.control the times they chewed the pizza rolls14.What can we infer from the last but one paragraph?A.The normal-weight ones ate the most slowly among the participants.B.The longer time a person eats for, the more times he chewsC.A person’s eating speed doesn’t affect his appetite for foodD.The quantity of food a person takes has something to do with his appetite15.Participants in the study reduced their food amount probably because they_______.A.didn’t like eating food containing lots of caloriesB.had less space in their stomach to contain too much foodC.had enough time to receive the signal of being full from their brainD.Were not used to eating food in the lab conditions二、七选五（每题2分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。