试题1 参考答案
医学统计学试题及参考答案 1、2、3套
精心整理医学统计学试题及答案1、2、3套第一套试卷及参考答案一、选择题（40分）1、根据某医院对急性白血病患者构成调查所获得的资料应绘制（B）A条图B百分条图或圆图C线图D直方图2、均数和标准差可全面描述D资料的特征A所有分布形式Ｂ负偏态分布Ｃ正偏态分布Ｄ正态分布和近似正态分布3、要评价某市一名5岁男孩的身高是否偏高或偏矮，其统计方法是（A）A用该市五岁男孩的身高的95%或99%正常值范围来评价B用身高差别的假设检验来评价C用身高均数的95%或99%的可信区间来评价D不能作评价4、比较身高与体重两组数据变异大小宜采用（A）A变异系数B方差C标准差D四分位间距5、产生均数有抽样误差的根本原因是（A）A.个体差异B.群体差异C.样本均数不同D.总体均数不同6.男性吸烟率是女性的10倍，该指标为（A）（A）相对比（B）构成比（C）定基比（D）率7、统计推断的内容为（D）A.用样本指标估计相应的总体指标B.检验统计上的“检验假设”C.A和B均不是D.A和B均是8、两样本均数比较用t检验，其目的是检验（C）A两样本均数是否不同B两总体均数是否不同C两个总体均数是否相同D两个样本均数是否相同9、有两个独立随机的样本，样本含量分别为n1和n2，在进行成组设计资料的t检验时，自由度是（D）（A）n1+n2（B）n1+n2–1（C）n1+n2+1（D）n1+n2-210、标准误反映（A）A抽样误差的大小B总体参数的波动大小C重复实验准确度的高低D数据的离散程度11、最小二乘法是指各实测点到回归直线的(C)Ａ垂直距离的平方和最小Ｂ垂直距离最小Ｃ纵向距离的平方和最小Ｄ纵向距离最小12、对含有两个随机变量的同一批资料,既作直线回归分析,又作直线相关分析。
令对相关系数检验的t值为tr ，对回归系数检验的t值为tb，二者之间具有什么关系？（C）Atr >tbBtr<tbCtr=tbD二者大小关系不能肯定13、设配对资料的变量值为x1和x2，则配对资料的秩和检验（D）A分别按x1和x2从小到大编秩B把x1和x2综合从小到大编秩C把x1和x2综合按绝对值从小到大编秩D把x1和x2的差数按绝对值从小到大编秩14、四个样本率作比较，χ2>χ20.05,ν可认为（A）A各总体率不同或不全相同B各总体率均不相同C各样本率均不相同D各样本率不同或不全相同15、某学院抽样调查两个年级学生的乙型肝炎表面抗原，其中甲年级调查35人，阳性人数4人；乙年级调查40人，阳性人数8人。
《统计基础知识》试题一及参考答案
《统计基础知识》试题及参考答案（试卷说明：本试卷分理论准备和技能训练两部分，共计120分，测试时间为120分钟）一、理论准备（30分）（一）单项选择题（从每小题的备选答案中，选择一个正确答案，将其编号填入题后括号内。
每小题1分，共10分）1.某企业计划规定某产品单位成本降低5%，实际降低了8%，则成本计划完成程度为（）。
A 101.9%B 160%C 60%D 96.84%2.要了解某企业职工的文化水平情况，则总体单位是（）。
A 该企业的全部职工B 该企业每一个职工的文化程度C 该企业的每一个职工D 该企业全部职工的平均文化程度3.标志与指标的区别之一是（）。
A 标志是说明总体特征的；指标是说明总体单位特征的B 指标是说明总体特征的；标志是说明总体单位特征的C 指标是说明有限总体特征的；标志是说明无限总体单位特征的D 指标是说明无限总体特征的；标志是说明有限总体单位特征的4.试指出比较相对数：（甲）同年甲国小麦产量为乙国的155%，（乙）某年某国人均粮食产量为1005千克（）。
A 甲B 乙C 甲、乙D 全不是5.某单位有500名职工，把他们的工资额加起来除以500，则这是（）。
A 对500个标志求平均数 B对500个变量求平均数C 对500个变量值求平均数 D对500个指标求平均数6.下列统计指标中，属于质量指标的是（）。
A 社会总产值B 劳动生产率C 国民收入 D人口总数7.划分连续型变量的组限时，相邻组的组限必须（）。
A 相等B 不等C 重叠D 间断8.某市工商银行要了解2001年第三季度全市储蓄金额的基本情况，调查了储蓄金额最高的几个储蓄所，这种调查属于（）。
A 普查B 重点调查C 典型调查D 抽样调查9.下列属于数量标志的是（）。
A 性别B 年龄C 专业D 住址10.下列属于连续变量的是（）。
A 企业个数B 职工人数C 利润额D 设备台数（二）多项选择题（下列各题，均有两个或两个以上正确答案。
《证券投资学》模拟试题一 及参考答案
《证券投资学》模拟试题一及参考答案一、单选题（每小题1分，共12分）1．纽约证券交易所对境外公司在其交易所上市规定该公司在世界范围内，持有100股以上的股东不少于（）人。
A．5000 B．500 C．1000 D．1002．资产负债率是反映上市公司（）的指标。
A．偿债能力 B．资本结构 C．经营能力 D．获利能力3．按照我国法律，上市申请人在接到上市通知书后，应在股票上市前（）将上市公告书刊登在至少一种中国证监会指定的报纸上。
A．5个工作日 B．6个工作日 C．4个工作日 D．3个工作日4．（）属于系统风险。
A．交易风险 B．信用交易风险 C．证券投资价值风险 D．流动性风险5．持有公司（）以上股份的股东享有临时股东大会召集请求权。
A．10% B．15% C．20% D．30%6．期权的（）无需向交易所缴纳保证金。
A．卖方 B．买方或者卖方 C．买卖双方 D．买方7．如果协方差的数值小于零，则两种证券的收益率变动结果（）。
A．相等 B．相反 C．相同 D．无规律性8．（）的经济增长状态将导致证券市场价格下跌。
A．宏观调控下的减速 B．转折性 C．失衡 D．稳定、高速9．“熨平”经济波动周期的货币政策应该以买卖（）为对象。
A．企业债券 B．农产品 C．外汇 D．政府债券10．H股上市公司公众持股人数不得少于（）人。
A．100 B．500 C．800 D．1000 11．（）是正常情况下投资者所能够接受的最低信用级别？ A．BB B．BBB C．A D．AA 12．在证券发行信息披露制度中处于核心地位的文件是（）。
A．年报概要 B．上市公告书 C．重大事项公告书 D．招股说明书二、判断改错题（判断对错并说明理由，每题3分，共18分）1．普通股股东只具有有限表决权。
2．只要经济增长，证券市场就一定火爆。
3．一般来说，两地上市与第二上市基本相同。
4．期权的最终执行权在卖方，而买方只有履行的义务。
5．以农产品和外汇收购的方式增加货币供给有利于实现商品流通与货币流通的相适应。
公务员省考之公务员申论精选试题及答案一
2023年公务员省考之公务员申论精选试题及答案一大题（共10题）一、材料一老百姓过日子，开门七件事，柴米油盐酱醋茶。
从1988年国务院推动实施“菜篮子”工程、2010年推进新一轮“菜篮子”工程以来，北京市大力推动与“菜篮子”相关的产业生态建设和发展，保障“菜篮子”供应无忧，让百姓的“菜篮子”越拎越安心。
1985年以前，北京的蔬菜主要由本地供应，季节性十分明显。
这对爱吃西红柿打卤面的田大爷一家一直是个考验。
从1968年开始，田大爷一家走上了自制西红柿酱的路。
“说出来您都不信，我们全家总动员，一年做120多瓶，全码在床底下，直到20世纪80年代末我家小作坊才正式‘关张’。
”80岁的田大爷笑着说，“那时候一年到头只有十几种蔬菜，冬储大白菜上市时我家还要购买一车大白菜，保障冬天有菜吃。
而现在蔬菜多种多样，想什么时候吃，市场上都能买到。
”1985年，北京放开了肉、蛋、蔬菜等5种农副产品的价格，各地菜商纷纷进京，蔬菜交易也就热闹起来了。
2010年以来，北京市建立了蔬菜生产用地最低保有量制度，实施每亩500元标准的菜田补贴政策，推动村镇蔬菜产业化、设施蔬菜标准化，创建国家级示范育种场和养殖场；2018年1800多家农业龙头企业和农民合作社被纳入平台管理，5000多个产品实现质量安全可追溯。
北京市统计数据显示，2019年全市农副产品产量中蔬菜及食用菌产量为111.5万吨，禽蛋9.6万吨，牛奶26.4万吨，生猪出栏数28.4万头，为北京的农副产品稳定供应提供了巨大保障。
“我们的蔬菜主要是直供超市，同时合作社也为市民提供农业休闲和采摘项目。
”北京B区一家种植合作社负责人张经理说，“2019年，我们引进了水肥一体机等设备，劳动力上节约了三分之一，肥料节约与节水方面效益显著，蔬菜品质也有所提升，综合效益提高了25％左右。
我们还利用大数据等远程实时监测墒情、环境、气象等，以自动化的方式指导蔬菜园的生产，效率提高了近20％。
结构设计原理题库及其参考答案1
结构设计原理题库及其参考答案1混凝土结构设计原理试题库及其参考答案一、判断题（请在你认为正确陈述的各题干后的括号内打“√”，否则打“3”。
每小题1分。
）第1章钢筋和混凝土的力学性能1．混凝土立方体试块的尺寸越大，强度越高。
（）2．混凝土在三向压力促进作用下的强度可以提升。
（）3．普通钢材钢筋承压时的屈服强度与受到扎时基本相同。
（）4．钢筋经冷拉后，强度和塑性均可提升。
（）5．冷拉钢筋不必用做承压钢筋。
（）6．c20则表示fcu=20n/mm。
（）7．混凝土受压破坏是由于内部微裂缝扩展的结果。
（）8．混凝土抗拉强度随着混凝土强度等级提高而增大。
（）9．混凝土在剪应力和法向应力双向促进作用下，抗剪强度随拉形变的减小而减小。
（）10．混凝土受拉时的弹性模量与受压时相同。
（）11．线性徐变小就是指压形变较小时，徐变与形变成正比，而非线性徐变小就是指混凝土形变很大时，徐变快速增长与形变不成正比。
（）12．混凝土强度等级愈低，含水力也愈小（）13．混凝土膨胀、徐变与时间有关，且互相影响。
（）第3章轴心受力构件承载力1．轴心承压构件横向承压钢筋布局越多越好。
（）2．轴心承压构件中的缝筋应当做成封闭式的。
（）3．实际工程中没真正的轴心承压构件。
（）4．轴心承压构件的长细比越大，平衡系则数值越高。
（）5．轴心受压构件计算中，考虑受压时纵筋容易压曲，所以钢筋的抗压强度设计值最小取作400n/mm2。
（）6．螺旋箍筋柱既能提高轴心受压构件的承载力，又能提高柱的稳定性。
（）第4章受弯构件正横截面承载力1．混凝土保护层厚度越大越好。
（）2．对于x?h'f的t形横截面梁，因为其正横截面受弯承载力相等于宽度为b'f的矩形截面梁，所以其配筋率应按??as来计算。
（）'bfh03．板中的分布钢筋布置在受力钢筋的下面。
（）4．在横截面的承压区布局一定数量的钢筋对于提升梁横截面的延性就是存有促进作用的。
（）5．双筋横截面比单筋横截面更经济适用于。
植物生理学试题及答案【试题1】
《植物生理学》模拟题及参考答案一一、单项选择题（20分）1．粗糙内质网最主要的生理功能是（）A．合成RNA B．合成蛋白质C．合成脂类和固醇 D．合成淀粉2．当细胞为水饱和时，其ψww为（）A． 0 B．ψs C．ψmD．ψs ＋ψm3．某植物在同样的时间内通过蒸腾耗水2kg，形成干物质5g，其需水量是（）。
A．2．5 B．0．4 C．400 D．0．00254．当细胞处于质壁分离时（）。
A．Ψp＝0，Ψw＝Ψp B．Ψp＞0，Ψw＝Ψs＋ΨpC．Ψp＝0，Ψw＝Ψs D．Ψp＜0，Ψw＝－Ψp5．缺硫时会产生缺绿症，表现为（）。
A．叶脉缺绿而不坏死B．叶脉间缺绿以至坏死C．叶肉缺绿D．叶脉保持绿色6、GA合成的前体物质是：（）A．色氨酸B．甲硫氨酸 C．腺嘌呤 D．甲瓦龙酸7、感受光周期的部位是：（）A．根B．茎尖分生组织C．叶 D．花8、提高植物根冠比的肥水措施是：（）A．多施氮肥多浇水B．多施氮肥少浇水C．多施氮肥、钾肥D．多施磷肥、控水9、花粉和柱头相互识别的物质基础是：（）A． RNA B．蛋白质 C．激素D．维生素10、干旱条件下，植物体内某些氨基酸含量发生变化，其含量显著增加的氨基酸是：（）A．天冬氨酸B．精氨酸 C．丙氨酸 D．脯氨酸11．植物体内有机物运输的主要形式是（）A．葡萄糖 B．果糖 C．蔗糖D．核糖12．当呼吸底物为葡萄糖，完全氧化时呼吸商（）A、大于1B、等于1C、等于2D、小于113． IAACTK比值高，有利于（）的分化。
A．根B．愈伤组织 C．芽D．木质部和韧皮部14．对生长素最不敏感的下列植物器官是（）A．根B．茎C．芽 D．叶15．暗期光中断实验证明，参与植物光周期反应的感光物质是（）A．叶绿素 B．叶黄素C．光敏素D．花青素16．春化作用感受部位是（）。
A．叶片B．叶鞘C．茎尖生长点D．根系17．植物形态学上端长芽，下端长根，这种现象称为（）现象。
A．再生B．脱分化C．再分化D．极性18．油料种子发育过程中，最先积累的贮藏物质是（）。
2003年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题(完整版)及参考答案
2003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C.Remember, while you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Question 1-5, you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fillout the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)Boston Museum of Fine ArtsFounded (year) 1870Opened to the public (year) Question 1Moved to the current location (year) 1909The west wing completed (year) Question 2Number of departments 9The most remarkable department Question 3Exhibition Space (m2) Question 4Approximate number of visitors/year 800,000Programs providedclasseslecturesQuestion 5Part BDirections:For Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer.You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)1832003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题74What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple? ________. Question 6 Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them________. Question 7Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they can’t talk with each other?________. Question 8Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their ________. Question 9According to the old notion, what will make hearts grow fonder? ________. Question 10Part CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will havetime to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. After listening, you will have time to check your answers you will heareach piece once only. (10 points)Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about napping, you now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.11. Children under five have abundant energy partly because they ________.[A] sleep in three distinct parts[B] have many five-minute naps[C] sleep in one long block[D] take one or two naps daily12. According to the speaker, the sleep pattern of a baby is determined by ________.[A] its genes[B] its habit[C] its mental state[D] its physical condition13. The talk suggests that, if you feel sleepy through the day, you should ________.[A] take some refreshment[B] go to bed early[C] have a long rest[D] give in to sleepQuestions 14-16 are based on the following interview with Sherman Alexie, an American Indian poet. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.14. Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?[A] He could bring unfinished work home.[B] He might have time to pursue his interests.1842003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题75[C] He might do some evening teaching.[D] He could invest more emotion in his family.15. What was his original goal at college?[A] to teach in high school[B] to write his own books[C] to be a medical doctor[D] to be a mathematician16. Why did he take the poetry-writing class?[A] To follow his father.[B] For an easy grade.[C] To change his specialty.[D] For knowledge of poetry.Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk about public speaking. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17. What is the most important thing in public speaking?[A] Confidence.[B] Preparation.[C] Informativeness.[D] Organization.18. What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audience’s attention?[A] Gather abundant data.[B] Organize the idea logically.[C] Develop a great opening.[D] Select appropriate materials.19. Ifyou don’tstart working forthe presentation until the day before, youwill feel ________.[A] uneasy[B] uncertain[C] frustrated[D] depressed20. Who is this speech most probably meant for?[A] Those interested in the power of persuasion.[B] Those trying to improve their public images.[C] Those planning to take up some public work.[D] Those eager to become effective speakers.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1852003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题761.Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 大21 家to how they can best 大22 家such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 大23家, but not just in ways that emphasizecompetition. 大24 家they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the大25 家that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are大26 家by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 大27家to plan activities in which there are more winners thanlosers, 大28 家, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 大29 家student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide大30 家opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 大31 家dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 大32 家of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 大33 家visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 大34 家attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 大35 家participants can remainactive as long as they want and then go on to 大36 家else without feeling guilty and withoutletting the other participants 大37 家. This does not mean that adults must acceptirresponsibility. 大38家, they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 大39 家for roles that are within their 大40 家and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21. [A] thought[B] idea[C] opinion1862003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题77[D] advice22. [A] strengthen[B] accommodate[C] stimulate[D] enhance23. [A] care[B] nutrition[C] exercise[D] leisure24. [A] If[B] Although[C] Whereas[D] Because25. [A] assistance[B] guidance[C] confidence[D] tolerance26. [A] claimed[B] admired[C] ignored[D] surpassed27. [A] improper[B] risky[C] fair[D] wise28. [A] in effect[B] as a result[C] for example[D] in a sense29. [A] displaying[B] describing[C] creating[D] exchanging30. [A] durable1872003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题78[B] excessive[C] surplus[D] multiple31. [A] group[B] individual[C] personnel[D] corporation32. [A] consent[B] insurance[C] admission[D] security33. [A] particularly[B] barely[C] definitely[D] rarely34. [A] similar[B] long[C] different[D] short35. [A] if only[B] now that[C] so that[D] even if36. [A] everything[B] anything[C] nothing[D] something37. [A] off[B] down[C] out[D] alone38. [A] On the contrary[B] On the average[C] On the whole1882003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题79[D] On the other hand39. [A] making[B] standing[C] planning[D] taking40. [A] capabilities[B] responsibilities[C] proficiency[D] efficiencySection III Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C]or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinatedwith informat ion. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game”of espionage -- spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well. The latest revolution isn’tsimply amatter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail.That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years,the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open-source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasinglyinfluential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money byselling the resultsof spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at . Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster’s dream. Lastweek his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we’ll hear backfrom some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficultto tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members havemilitary-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success.1892003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题80Straitford’s briefs don’tsound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.41. The emergence of the Net has ________.[A] received support from fans like Donovan[B] remolded the intelligence services[C] restored many common pastimes[D] revived spying as a profession42. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to ________.[A] introduce the topic of online spying[B] show how he fought for the U.S.[C] give an episode of the information war[D] honor his unique services to the CIA43. The phr ase “making the biggest splash” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means ________.[A] causing the biggest trouble[B] exerting the greatest effort[C] achieving the greatest success[D] enjoying the widest popularity44. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that ________.[A] Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B] Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information[C] Straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability[D] Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information45. Straitford is most proud of its ________.[A] official status[B] nonconformist image[C] efficient staff[D] military backgroundText 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumphof a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedicalresearch because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few peopleunderstand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.1902003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题81For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fairwas distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wantedto know if vaccines come from animal research. When assure d that they do, she replied, “ThenI would have to say yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way -- in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear theconnection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animalresearch seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scien tists could “adopt” middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, whohas made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenrywill extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.46. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to ________.[A] call on scientists to take some actions[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement47. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is ________.[A] cruel but natural[B] inhuman and unacceptable[C] inevitable but vicious[D] pointless and wasteful48. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s ________.[A] discontent with animal research[B] ignorance about medical science[C] indifference to epidemics[D] anxiety about animal rights49. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should ________.[A] communicate more with the public[B] employ hi-tech means in research1912003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题82[C] feel no shame for their cause[D] strive to develop new cures50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is ________.[A] a well-known humanist[B] a medical practitioner[C] an enthusiast in animal rights[D] a supporter of animal researchText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by onlyone rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent morethan they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in thelong run it reduces everyone’s cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It’sa theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. “Do we really want railroads to bethe arbiters ofwho wins and who loses inthe marketplace?”asksMartin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases.The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enoughto cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail’s net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costsof the transaction. Who’s going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fearthat they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.51. According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because ________.[A] cost reduction is based on competition[B] services call for cross-trade coordination1922003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题83[C] outside competitors will continue to exist[D] shippers will have the railway by the throat52. What is many captive shippers’ attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?[A] Indifferent.[B] Supportive.[C] Indignant.[D] Apprehensive.53. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business54. The word “arbiters” (Line 7, Paragraph 4) most probably refers to those ________.[A] who work as coordinators[B] who function as judges[C] who supervise transactions[D] who determine the price55. According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by ________.[A] the continuing acquisition[B] the growing traffic[C] the cheering Wall Street[D] the shrinking marketText 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death-- and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death asa problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. The most obvious exampleis late-stage cancer care. Physicians -- frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient -- too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond whatis scientifically justified.In 1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical 1932003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题84care that sustains life beyond a certain age -- say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way,” so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and form er surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I knowthe most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.56. What is implied in the first sentence?[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.57. The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that ________.[A] medical resources are often wasted[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases[C] some treatments are too aggressive[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable58. The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of ________.[A] strong disapproval[B] reserved consent[C] slight contempt[D] enthusiastic support59. In contrast to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care ________.[A] more flexibly[B] more extravagantly[C] more cautiously[D] more reasonably60. The text intends to express the idea that ________.[A] medicine will further prolong people’s lives[B] life beyond a certain limit is not worth living[C] death should be accepted as a fact of life1942003 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题85[D] excessive demands increase the cost of health carePart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place init. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. 61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humansin all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos: “human” and logos “the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences. 62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the samereasoned, orderly, systematic,and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology,and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-studyoriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. 63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought tothe analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th毙考题APPcentury science. 64) Tylor defined culture as “… that complex whole which inc ludes belief,art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a memberof society.” This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Ty lor’s definition is the conceptthat culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.65) Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” inmathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete researchand understanding.Section IV Writing66. Directions:Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should1) describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and2) point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)考试使用毙考题，不用再报培训班邀请码：8806。
《公务员制度讲座》形成性考核一参考答案解析
《公务员制度讲座》形成性考核一参考答案一、单项选择题（共 10 道试题，共 30 分）1. （D）是我国公务员应当具备的首要条件。
A. 年满十八周岁B. 具有符合职位要求的文化程度和工作能力C. 拥护中华人民共和国宪法D. 具有中华人民共和国的国籍2. 根据公务员法的规定，以下（C）不属于公务员。
A. 九三学社机关的工作人员B. 人民检察院的工作人员C. 企业工作的全国人大代表D. 地方人大的工作人员3. 西方国家公务员体制的类型不包括（D）。
A. 部外制B. 部内制C. 折中制D. 自治制4. 以下（D）不属于我国公务员管理机构的职能。
A. 决策职能B. 执行职能C. 监督仲裁职能D. 制定公务员法的职能5. 现代公务员制度创立于19世纪中叶的（A）。
A. 英国B. 美国C. 法国D. 中国6. 公务员制度是西方国家（B）的直接产物。
A. 共和制度B. 政党制度C. 法律制度D. 议会制度7. 下列哪项不是公务员的经济权利（C）。
A. 职业保障权B. 退休权C. 申诉控告权D. 劳动工资、津贴、福利保险等权利8. 以下可引起公务员权利义务产生的法律事实是（A）。
A. 参加公务员录用考试而成为公务员B. 公务员晋升C. 公务员降职D. 公务员培训9. 公务员的权利与义务与一般组织成员的权利与义务相区别的显著特征是其具有明显的（C）。
A. 同一性B. 平等性C. 法制性D. 不可放弃性10. 我国对公务员的管理实行的是（C）制度。
A. 党政干部单一的管理模式B. 集中统一管理的模式C. 分类管理D. 计划管理二、多项选择题（共 6 道试题，共 30 分）1. 我国公务员制度的特点有（BCD）。
A. 坚持政治中立B. 从实际出发确定公务员的范围C. 不实行“两官分途”D. 坚持党管干部2. 公务员的管理坚持（ABCD）原则,依照法定的权限、条件、标准和程序进行。
A. 公开B. 平等C. 竞争D. 择优3. 公务员应当具备的条件有（ABCD）。
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试题1 参考答案 一、填空题 1. AT89S51单片机为 8 位单片机 2. MCS-51系列单片机的典型芯片分别为 8031 、 8051 、 8751 。 3. AT89S51的异步通信口为 全双工 （单工/半双工/全双工） 4. AT89S51有 2 级中断， 5 个中断源 5. AT89S51内部数据存储器的地址范围是 00H~7FH ，位地址空间的字节地址范围是 20H~2FH ，对应的位地址范围是00H~7FH ，外部数据存储器的最大可扩展容量是64K 。 6. AT89S51单片机指令系统的寻址方式有__寄存器寻址__、____直接寻址____、___寄存器间接寻址_____、_立即寻址____、 基址寄存器加变址寄存器寻址 。 7. 如果(A)=34H，(R7)=0ABH，执行XCH A, R7；结果(A)= 0ABH ， (R7)= 34H 。 8. 82C55可以扩展 3 个并行口，其中 8 条口线具有位操作功能； 9. 当单片机复位时PSW＝ 00 H，这时当前的工作寄存器区是0区，R4所对应的存储单元地址为 04 H。 10. 若A中的内容为67H，那么，P标志位为 1 。 11. 74LS138是具有3个输入的译码器芯片，其输出作为片选信号时，最多可以选中 8 片芯片。 二、判断以下指令的正误： （1）MOV 28H，@R4； （ × ） （2）INC DPTR； （ √ ） （3）DEC DPTR ； （ × ） （4）CLR R0 ； （ × ） （5）MOV T0，#3CF0H； （ × ） 三、简答题 1、 如果(DPTR)=507BH，(SP)=32H，(30H)=50H，(31H)=5FH，(32H)=3CH,则执行下列指令后： POP DPH; POP DPL; 2
POP SP; 则：(DPH)= ___3CH___；（DPL）=___5FH___；（SP）=___50H___；（6分）
2、采用6MHz的晶振，定时1ms，用定时器方式0时的初值应为多少？（请给出计算过程）（6分）
解：∵采用6MHZ晶振 ∴机器周期为2us （213-X）×2×10-6=1×10-3 ∴X=7692（D）=1E0CH=1 1110 0000 1100（B）， 化成方式0要求格式为 1111 0000 1100 B 即0F00CH 综上可知:TLX=0CH, THX=0F0H 3. 分析下列程序的功能 PUSH ACC PUSH B POP ACC POP B
解: 该程序的功能是通过累加器ACC与寄存器B数据交换。 四、图为8段共阴数码管，请写出如下数值的段码。
0__ 3FH___1__06H___2_5BH 3_ 4FH__4_ 66H_ 5 6DH___ P__73H__ 7_03H___ 8 _7FH__ C_39H_ 五、简述MCS-51系列单片机主从结构多机通信原理，设有一台主机与三台从机通信，其中一台从机通信地址号为01H，请叙述主机呼叫从机并向其传送一个字节数据的过程。(请给出原理图)
a b c d e f g h D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 b
a
c d e f g h 3
答： 原理图如上图所示，假设主机呼叫01H从机，首先呼叫：主机发送地址帧0000 00011（TB8）此时各从机的SM2位置1，且收到的RB8=1，故激活RI。各从机将接收到的地址与地机地址比较，结果1#机被选中，则其SM2清零；0#、2#机不变。接着传数；主机发送数据帧，×××× ×××× 0 ，此时1#机SM2=0, RB8=0 则激活RI，而0#，2#机SM2=1,RB8=0则不激活RI，然后数据进入1#机的缓冲区。 六、简述一种多外部中断源系统的设计方法。(给出图和程序) 答：原理电路如图所示
程序如下： INT： PUSH PSW PUSH Ａ JNB P1.0, IR0 ；扫描中断请求 JNB P1.1 , IR1 JNB P1.2, IR2 JNB P1.3, IR3 INTIR：POP Ａ ；返回 POP ＰSW IR0: 中断服务子程序 ；中断服务 AJMP INTIR
TXD RXD 8031 主机 TXD RXD 00H TXD RXD 01H TXD RXD 02H TXD RXD
03H
从机 从机 从机 从机 4 IR1: 中断服务子程序 AJMP INTIR IR2: 中断服务子程序 AJMP INTIR IR3: 中断服务子程序 AJMP INTIP 七、简述行列式扫描键盘的工作原理。
答: 扫描键盘工作原理 (1)首先X0~X3,始终接高电平,Y0~Y3给低电平,扫描P1.0~P1.3若全为高电平,则没有键按下,若有低电平,则有键按下。
(2)接着Y0输出低电平,Y1~Y3输出高平,扫描P1.0~P1.3,若全为高电平,则没有键按下,若有低电平,则找出相位,得到所按的键。
(3)再Y1输出低电平,Y0,Y2,Y3输出高电平,重复第2 步骤作. (4)再Y2输出低电平,Y0,Y1,Y3输出高电平扫描 (5)再Y3输出低电平,Y0,Y1,Y2输出高电平扫描 根据据以上扫描，确定以上各键是否按下。 八、请回答： 1、下图中外部扩展的数据存储器容量是多少？ 2、三片6264的地址范围分别是多少？(地址线未用到的位填1) 3、若外部程序存储器已扩展（未画出），请编写程序，要求： (1) 将30H~3FH中的内容送入6264 1# 的前16个单元中； (2) 将6264 2# 的前32个单元的内容送入40H~5FH中； 5
P2.7 P2.6 P2.5 P2.4
P2.0
ALE 8031
P0.0 P0.7 RD
WR
D0 Q0 D7 Q7 G OE A0～A7 A8～A12 CS 6264 1# CE D0～D7 DE WR A0～A7 A8～A12 CS 6264 2# CE D0～D7 DE WR A0～A7 A8～A12
CS 6264 3#
CE
D0～D7 DE WR
8 5
8 8 8 8 8 373
Vcc Vcc Vcc
～ ～ ～
～ 解:1.外部扩展的数据存储器为3片8K的RAM，外扩容量为24 K 2. A15 A!4 A13 地址范围 0 1 1 6000H~7FFFH 1 0 1 A000H~BFFFH 3．（1）程序如下： ORG 0000H RESET： AJMP MAIN ；复位，转主程序 ORG 0100H MAIN： MOV DPL,#00H ;初始化DPTR MOV DPH,#60H MOV R0,#30H. ;初始化R0 LOOP: MOV A，@R0 MOVX @DPTR, A INC R0 INC DPTR CJNE R0,#40H,LOOP NOP RET （1） 程序如下： 6
ORG 0000H RESET： AJMP MAIN ；转主程序 ORG 0100H MAIN： MOV DPL#00H ；初始化DPTR MOV DPH,#0A0H MOV R0,#40H ；初始化R0 LOOP2: MOVX A,@DPTR MOV @R0,A INC DPTR INC R0 CJNE R0,#60H,LOOP2 NOP RET 试题2 参考答案
一、填空题 1．AT89S51单片机是（ 8 ）位的单片机。 2．AT89S51单片机有（ 5 ）个中断源，（ 2 ）级优先级中断。 3．串行口方式3发送的第9位数据要事先写入（ SCON ）寄存器的（ TB8 ）位。 4．串行口的方式0的波特率为 ( fOSC/12 )。 5．AT89S51内部数据存储器的地址范围是（00-7FH ），位地址空间的字节地址范围是（20-2FH ），对应的位地址范围是（00-7FH）外部数据存储器的最大可扩展容量是（64KB ）。 6．在内部RAM中可位寻址区中，位地址为40H的位，该位所在字节的字节地址为（ 28H ）。 7．如果(A)=58H，(R1)= 49H，(49H)= 79H，执行指令XCH A, @R1后；结果(A)=( 79 H ) ，(49H)=( 58H )。 8．利用81C55可以扩展（ 3 ）个并行口，（256）个RAM单元。 9．当单片机复位时PSW＝ （ 00 ）H，SP=（ 07H ），P0~P3口均为（ 高 ）电平。 10．若A中的内容为88H，那么，P标志位为（ 0 ）。 11．当AT89S51执行MOVC A，@A+ DPTR指令时，伴随着（ PSEN* ）控制信号有效。 12．AT89S51访问片外存储器时，利用（ ALE ）信号锁存来自（ P0口 ）发出的低8位地址信号。 13．已知fosc=12MHz， T0作为定时器使用时，其定时时间间隔为（ 1us ）。 14．若AT89S51外扩8KB 程序存储器的首地址若为1000H，则末地址为（2FFF）H。
二、判断对错，如对则在（ ）中写“√”，如错则在（ ）中写“×”。