English Literature w1
英文literature是什么汉语意思
英文literature是什么汉语意思英文literature是什么汉语意思英文literature是一个较为简单的单词，前提是我们要清楚它的汉语意思。
快来看看店铺为你准备了单词literature表达的汉语意思，欢迎大家阅读!literature的`汉语意思英 [ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)] 美 [ˈlɪtərəˌtʃʊr, -tʃɚ]第三人称复数：literatures名词文学; 文献; 文学作品; 著作相关例句名词1. She went through the literature on the subject.她查阅有关此一问题的资料。
2. He majors in Russian literature.他主修俄罗斯文学。
3. I shall take literature and mathematics this spring.今年春天我要修文学及数学。
literature的词典解释1. 文学;文学作品Novels, plays, and poetry are referred to as literature, especially when they are considered to be good or important.e.g. ...classic works of literature.文学经典e.g. ...a Professor of English Literature...英国文学教授2. (某一学科的)著述，文献，图书资料The literature on a particular subject of study is all the books and articles that have been published about it.e.g. The literature on immigration policy is almostunrelievedly critical of the state...移民政策方面的著述几乎总是会一成不变地批评政府。
高中英语阅读理解《Englishliterature》
高中英语阅读理解《Englishliterature》高中英语阅读理解《English literature》阅读理解是学生英语成绩的关键，阅读理解做不好，学生往往难以取得较为满意的成绩。
下面是店铺整理的一篇高中英语阅读理解，希望对大家有用。
Some of the notebooks George Washington kept as a young man are still in existence. They show that he was learning Latin，was very interested in the basics of good behavior in society，and was reading English literature.At school he seems only to have been interested in mathematics.In fact，his formal education was surprisingly brief for a gentleman，and incomplete For unlike other young Virginian of that day，he did not go to the College of William and Mary in the Virginian capital of Williamsburg.In terms of formal training then，Washington contrasts sharply with some other early American Presidents such as John Adams，Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.In later years，Washington probably regretted his lack of intellectual training He never felt comfortable in a debate in Congress(国会)，or on any Subject that had not to do with everyday，practical matters And because he never learned French and could not speak directly to the French leaders，he did not visit the country he admired SO much.Thus，unlike Jefferson and Adams，he never reached Europe31.Why didnt Washington go to college?A.His family could not afford it.B A college education was rather uncommon in his time.C.He didnt like the young Virginian gentlemenD.The author doesnt give any reason.32.Washington felt uncomfortable in Congress debates because he _____A.1acked practice in public speakingB.felt his education was not good enoughC.didnt like arguing and debating with peopleD felt that debating was like intellectual training33 The reason why Washington didnt visit France was probably that he _____A.didnt really care about goingB.didnt know French 1eadersC.couldnt communicate directly with the French leadersD.was too busy to Navel34 According to the author _____A Washingtons lack of formal education placed him at a disadvantage in later lifeB.Washington should have gone to France even though he could not speak FrenchC.Washington was not as good a president as Adams，Jefferson or MadisonD Washington was a model for all Virginian gentlemen35.The main idea of the passage is that Washingtons education ____A was of great variety，covering many SubjectsB was probably equal to those of most young gentlemen of his timeC.may seem poor by modern standards.but was good enough for his timeD was rather limited for a president答案：DBCAD高中英语阅读理解《English literature》篇1Jesse Owens was born in Alabama in the USA, in 1913. There were ten children in his family. Jesse was the youngest. He went to school in the city of Cleveland. At school he showed how good he was at athletics. He could run fast. He could jump high. He could jump far. ____１____In May, 1935 in Michigan, USA, he broke the world record for the long jump. This was his first world record. On the 25th May Jesse did something unusual. In 45 minutes he broke six world records. ____2________3____ There were only nineteen black athletes in the USA team. He won gold medals in the 100 meters race, the 200 meters race, the long jump and the relay race.Jesse was not a professional athlete. This meant that he could not get money for running. ____4____ To make money he had to appear in strange races. Sometimes he had to race against horses.In 1960 somebody broke Jesse's last world record. In 1980 Jesse died. (230)A. Later, he became a professional athlete.B. But he failed to go to the Olympic Games.C. So he became the top student for his excellent studies.D. People think this was the greatest athletics achievement ever.E. In 1936 Jesse went to the Olympic Games in Berlin, Germany.F. Because he was good at athletics, Jesse became a student at Ohio State University.Key:1. F2. D3. E4. AThe global population is living longer，and getting older，阅读理解答案The global population is living longer，and getting older，which presents new challenges. “The question becomes：who will take care of everyone While people will always be the best caregivers for people，there just aren’t enough people. That’s where robot17教育网：ic technology can really make a difference,” says Professor Maja Mataric at the University of Southern California.Her group is developing robots to work with stroke (中风) patients and elderly people. The research team has found that people react well to a robot gym instructor，and seem to get less frustrated with it than with instructions given on a computer screen. The robot can act as a perfect trainer，with infinite(极大的`) patience.“People say things like ‘I prefer this robot to my husband!Can I take it home’” according to Professor Mataric. “In fact there’s a really important point here. As we create these care giving technologies，we’re helping not only the people that need the care，but also the people caring for them. We can give them a break，and help them avoid burnout.”People are going to have to like，and importantly trust robots before they welcome them into their homes，and several groups around the world are working on making it easier to communicate with them.Much of human communication takes place through body language. Gestures，eye contact , and concepts of personal space are all things that robots are being taught. In learning about how people interact(互动) with machines，researchers are also discovering new roles for robots in our lives. Robots can communicate with humans in ways that other technologies can not.“If someone finds the robot to be more persuasive and more reliable，that’s going to affect how they interact with it,” says Dr Cynthia Breazeal, director of the Personal Robots Group at the Massachusetts Institute of T echnology. “We can now start to think about fields where it’s the social interaction，which is the main means by which a robot helps some one.” Dr Breazeal says that means robots could be used in education，learning，and health care，where social support is important.9.Professor Maja Mataric mainly focused on robots’ function of ________.A.teachingB.exploringC.making thingsD.giving care10.Why can robots be wonderful trainers in the gymA.Because they are more clever.B.Because they give correct instructions.C.Because they cost less money.D.Because they are more patient.11.The underlined word “burnout” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”.A.feeling tiredB.feeling angryC.getting hurtD.becoming disappointed12.The scientists are presently working hard to help robots .A.to use less electricityB.to communicate betterC.to react more quicklyD.to have more functions答案解析：【答案】9.D10.D11.A12.B英语阅读答案Here’s something to think about the next time you ask your teacher for help：trying hard to do schoolwork on your own can help you learn.According to a recent study，the more you try while you are learning new information，the better you can remember it later.This might surprise you.When teachers are presenting new information，they often give students lots of help.But a new study shows this may not be the best way to support learning.“Don’t be too quick to get help when lea rning something new，”education expert Ma Kapur said.“Try to work on it yourself even if it means trying different ways.’’Kapur came up with the idea that trying hard can lead to better learning.Then he tested it out on students in Singapore.He separated students into two groups.In the first group，students were asked to solve math problems with the teacher’s help.In the second group，students were asked to solve the same problems by helping one another，instead of getting help from the teacher.With the teach er’s help，students in the first group were able to find the correct answers.Students in the second group did not solve the problems correctly.But they did come up with a lot of good ideas.The students were then tested on what they had 1earned.The group without any help from a teacher scored much higher than the group who had help.Kapur said working to find the answers helped students understand the process(过程)，not just the solution.Kapur’s advice for kids is to put a 1ot of effort(努力)into learning something new rather than going to your teacher forhelp.“Simply doing a little work or nothing at all won’t work.”says Kapur.“Try to solve a problem in as many ways as possible.’’13.What is the best title for the textA.Work Your MindB.Practice Makes PerfectC.The Best Way to LearnD.Teachers’ Role in Schoolwork14.Manu Kapur holds that _______ .A.it’s necessary for students to ask for teachers’ helpB.students should try to solve problems by themselvesC.students with teachers’ help have more good ideasD.students in the first group are cleverer than those in the second group15.The author develops the text mainly by _________ .A. presenting research findingsB. comparing different opinionsC. showing scientific informationD. setting down general rules答案解析：【答案】13.A14.B15.A英语阅读及答案Motivation(动机) to satisfy one‘s needs is brought about by ―drives‖, These ―drives‖ do not determine man‘s behaviour, but rather direct man‘s energy towards certain aims. For example, man‘s body re quires food, which is a biological need, when this need comes up, man feels uncomfortable and histhoughts turn to getting food or satisfying that need. If he is very hungry, it will difficult for him to pay enough attention to anything except his need for food.While all men feel hungry, there is more than one method for helping free people of this uncomfortable feeling. How needs are satisfying depends on what we have been taught or what we have learned from our experiences. As we grow, we learn shat foods our society considers acceptable, and how they should be prepared and eaten. In some societies, for example, pork is considered a special food while in other societies it is strictly forbidden. In some societies fish is always cooked, but in other societies raw (生的) fish is preferred. The way in which we satisfy a drive is a learned response. Nature has not built a food –getting response into man. He cannot just eat whatever he wants of whenever there is food, his satisfaction of the hunger drive, for example, is limited by the rules of a society. Although we are hunger, according to the rules of society, we should not steal food, even if it belongs someone weaker than we are.1.According to the passage, ―drives‖ _____.A.can be brought about by motivationB..can always decide man‘s actionC.direct man‘s energy toward certain goalsD.follow man‘s motivations2. ____ is a biological need.A.MotivationB. DriveC. HungerD. Experience3. The writer hopes to tell us that ____.A. man should satisfy his biological needs whenever necessaryB.man‘s needs should always be satisfied without any conditionC.what man should do if he feels hungryD.man‘s satisfaction of needs is limited by the rules of a certain society答案：CCD。
English literature(1)
Literary representatives of this era
In this age, drama flourished more than any other form of literature. It’s no doubt that the most representative literate person in this times is the great play writeБайду номын сангаас William Shakespeare.
-Old English Literature -Middle English Literature -the Renaissance(文艺复兴) -The 17th Century -The 18th Century -English Romanticism -The Victorian Age -The 20th Century
Symbols of this era
This era was always divided to two parts: the pre-Elizabeth and the Elizabeth’s times. Their outstanding writers are separately Thomas More ,Thomas Wyatt and the great moral play writer William Shakespeare.
The first page of the Beowulf manuscript.
The English history: its foundation stone is the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (编年史). It began by Alfred from the Roman invasion of Britain in 54 B.C. to the middle of the 12th century . Under the King’s direction, plenty of books from Europe in Latin on religion ,philosophy, and history were translated to the old England, still a wild and barbarous kingdom
englishofliterature5篇
englishofliterature5篇第一篇：english of literatureEnglish of literatureFOD of English literatureLiterature: written material such as poetry, novels, essays, etc., esp works of imagination characterized by excellence of style and expression and by themes of general or enduring interest Poetry,Drama,Novel,Essay,Literary,criticism,Fairytale, EtcTenor of discourse（1）personal tenor(degrees of formality)English literature includes novel, essay, drama, poetry and so on, so there are no formal and informal situations.（2）functional tenor(the intention of the user)English literature has many functions: to reflect the social status, to reflect the people's sufferings, to express writers’ feelings and emotions to describe a heroic person in order to arouse people's patriotic enthusiasm and to focus on the message(as a linguistic artefact)itself（美学）。
14-15-English Literature 1-w1-intro
Politics of self-government Transportation system Cities Latin Language Christianity
English/Anglo-Saxon Conquest (446-1066)
Germanic tribes (Angles, Saxons, Jutes) from the Mediterranean coasts: Scandinavia, Denmark and Germany Enslaved the Celts and drove others to Wales, Scotland and Ireland Began feudalism: landlords and peasants The Pagans/heathens
Plato (429-347 BC): literature is a lie “appearance rather than the truth” Aristotle (384-322 BC): literature is mimesis “imitation of reality” English poet Sidney (1554-1586): “to teach and delight” Roman wand profit (aut delectare aut prodesse): aesthetic experience
3. To consolidate and extend the learners‟
knowledge and fluency in English through interaction with literary texts; 4. To further develop the learners‟ ability to recognize and express emotional and moral attitudes on a higher level than about daily occurrences so as to facilitate their communication with educated native speakers;
英美文学1
Brief Introduction to English Literature (1)English literature is the literature written in the English language, including literature composed in English by writers not necessarily from England; for example, Robert Burns was Scottish, James Joyce was Irish, Joseph Conrad was Polish, Dylan Thomas was Welsh, Edgar Allan Poe was American, but all are considered important writers in the history of English literature. In other words, English literature is as diverse as the varieties and dialects of English spoken around the world.I Old English, Middle English and Chaucer1.1 Old EnglishEnglish, as we know it, descends from the language spoken by the North Germanic tribes who settled in England from the 5th century A.D. onwards. They had no writing until they learned the Latin alphabet from Roman missionaries. The earliest written works in Old English were probably composed orally at first, and may have been passed on from speaker to speaker before being written. Old English literature is mostly chronicle and poetry-lyric, descriptive but chiefly narrative or epic. By the time literacy becomes widespread, Old English is effectively a foreign and dead language. And its forms do not significantly affect subsequent developments in English literature.Note:EpicIt is an extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, like Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey. It usually celebrates the feats of one or more legendary or traditional heroes. The action is simple u full of magnificence.1.2 Middle English and ChaucerFrom 1066 onwards, the language is known to scholars as Middle English. Ideas and themes from French and Celtic literature appear in English writing at about this time, but the first great name in English literature is that of Geoffrey Chaucer. Chaucer introduces writing skills used in Italian poetry. Some of Chaucer’s work is prose and some is lyric poetry, but his greatest work is mostly narrative poetry, which we find in his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales.Note:Popular literary genres1. Popular folk literature (民间通俗文学)2. Romance（骑士浪漫诗）: poem which uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds.Tudor ['tju:də] lyric poetryModern lyric poetry in English begins in the early 16th century with the work of Sir Thomas Wyatt['waiət]and Henry Howard['hauəd]. A flowering of lyric poetry in the reign [rein] ofElizabeth I [i'lizəbəθ] comes with writers such as Sir Philip Sidney, Edmund Spenser['edmənd], Christopher Marlowe['kristəfə]and William Shakespeare. The major works of the time are Spenser’s Faerie Queene ['feiəri] and Shakespeare’s sonnets.Note:Sonnet:A poem in 14 lines; originated in Italy, a form very popular in Renaissance Europe, especially in Italy, France and England; introduced to England by Thomas Wyatt(怀亚特) and the Earl of Surrey (塞莱).By rhyme scheme, sonnets can be classified into 2 styles: The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet(意大利型或彼得拉克型) & The Shakespearian or English sonnet(英国或莎士比亚型)①The first eight lines—octave: the theme is put forward or a question is raised; the next sixlines—sestet, the answer to the theme【abba abba cdc dcd (cde cde)】②Three quatrains (四行诗) —the theme is put forward and developed; the couplet(两行诗)—a surprising conclusion or a shift of ideas 【abab cdcd efef gg】II Renaissance dramaThe first great English dramatist is Marlowe. Before the 16th century English drama meant the amateur performances of Bible stories on public holidays. Marlowe’s plays use the five act structure and the medium of blank verse, which Shakespeare finds so productive that he develops and virtually exhausts this form.Note:Renaissance---rebirth and revivalHumanism---the essence of the Renaissance, the dignity of human being and the importance of the present life.III Epic poetryLong narrative poems on heroic subjects mark the best work of classical Greek and Roman poetry. John Milton, who was Cromwell’s secretary, set out to write a great biblical epic, unsure whether to write in Latin or English, but settling for the latter in Paradise Lost. The best poetry of the mid 18th century is the comic writing of Alexander Pope. Pope is the best-regarded comic writer and satirist of English poetry. Among his many masterpieces, one of the more accessible is The Rape of the Lock.IV The Rise of Fiction -Prose fiction and the novelJonathan Swift, wrote satires in verse and prose. He is best-known for the extended prose work Gulliver’s Travels, in which a fantastic account of a series of travels is the vehicle for satirizing familiar English institutions, such as religion, politics and law. Another writer who uses prose fiction, this time much more naturalistic, to explore other questions of politics or economics is Daniel Defoe, author of Robinson Crusoe.The first English novel is generally accepted to be Pamela by Samuel Richardson: this novel takes the form of a series of letters; Pamela, a virtuous housemaid resists the advances of her rich employer, who eventually marries her. Richardson’s work was almost at once satirized by Henry Fielding in Tom Jones.After Fielding, two great figures of Sir Walter Scott ['wɔ:ltə] and Jane Austen dominated the novel, who typify respectively the new regional, historical romanticism and the established, polite classical views.V Romanticism5.1 The rise of RomanticismPPT-34,35,36,37,38A movement in philosophy but especially in literature, romanticism is the revolt of the senses or passions against the intellect and of the individual against the consensus. Its first stirrings may be seen in the work of William Blake and in continental writers.The publication in 1798 by the poets William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge of a volume entitled Lyrical Ballads is a significant event in English literary history, though the poems were poorly received and few books sold. The elegant Latinisms of Gray are dropped in favor of a kind of English closer to that spoken by real people. Actually, the attempts to render the speech of ordinary people are not wholly convincing. Robert Burns writes lyric verse in the dialect of lowland Scots. After Shakespeare, Burns is perhaps the most often quoted of writers in English.5.2 Later RomanticismThe work of the later romantics John Keats and Percy Shelley ['ʃeli] is known by trying to make language beautiful, and by an interest in remote history and exotic places. George Gordon ['gɔ:dn]uses romantic themes, sometimes comically, to explain contemporary events. Romanticism begins as a revolt against established views, but eventually becomes the established outlook. Wordsworth becomes a kind of national monument, while the Victorians make what was at first revolutionary seem familiar, domestic and sentimental.VI Victorian poetryThe major poets of the Victorian era are Alfred, Lord Tennyson and Robert Browning. Both are productive and varied, and their work defies easy classification. Tennyson makes extensive use of classical myth and legend, and has been praised for the beautiful and musical qualities of his writing. Browning uses blank verse in writing dramatic monologues. His subjects are both historical individuals and representative types or caricatures.VII The Victorian novel7.1 The rise of the popular novelIn the 19th century, adult literacy increases markedly: attempts to provide education by the state, and self-help schemes are partly the cause and partly the result of the popularity of the novel. Publication in installments means that works are affordable for people. The change in the readingpublic is reflected in a change in the subjects of novels: the high bourgeois world of Austen gives way to an interest in characters of humble origins. The great novelists write works which in some ways transcend their own period, but which in detail very much explore the preoccupations of their time.7.2 Dickens and the BrontësCertainly the greatest English novelist of the 19th century, and possibly of all time, is Charles Dickens. The complexity of his best work, the variety of tone, the use of irony['aiərəni]and caricature ['kærikətʃə] create surface problems for the modern reader, who may not readily persist in reading. But Great Expectations, Bleak House, Our Mutual Friend ['mju:tʃuəl] and Little Dorrit are works with which are acquainted.Charlotte Brontë['ʃɑ:lət] and her sisters Emily and Anne are understandably linked together, but their work differs greatly. Charlotte is notable for several good novels, among which her masterpiece is Jane Eyre, in which we see the heroine ['herəuin], after much adversity [əd'və:səti], achieve happiness on her own terms. Emily Brontë’s Wüthering Heights is a strange work, which enjoys almost cult [kʌlt] status. Its concerns are more romantic, less contemporary than those of Jane Eyre -but its themes of obsessive [əb'sesiv,] love and self-destructive passion have proved popular with the 20th century reader.。
英国文学上册Unit One The Abglo-Saxon Period概要
Literature is as literature does.
In exploring ideas about what literature is, it
is useful to look at some of the things that literature does.
Literature is something that reflects society,
ideology, just like it follows generic conventions as well as changing them.
It has social and political effects.
Literature is the creation of another world, a
What Is a Text?
Often, “text” is automatically equated with
“literature” or “literary work”, and the two terms can seem interchangeable.
literary works?
What makes us treat something as
literature?
How do we know when something is
literature?
Would it be easier to ask “what isn't
literature”?
world that we can only see through reading literature.
Reasons for the study of English Literature
English Literature (1)
Style/Genres: • oral tradition of literature • poetry dominant genre • unique verse form: (p. 8) · caesura · alliteration · repetition · 4 beat rhythm
The Canterbury Tales
• Plot: One day in April, 30 pilgrims at Tabard Inn, Southwark, Near London---the Shrine of St. Thomas a Becket at Canterbury: each was to tell two stories on the way to Canterbury and two more back. Judge: the innkeeper Reward: a free supper
English Literature (1)
李昌银
Old English/Anglo-Saxon Period: 499-1066 English/Anglo499Content: • strong belief in fate • juxtaposition of church and pagan worlds • admiration of heroic warriors who prevail in battle • express religious faith and give moral instruction through literature
• • • •
Length: 3182 Background: 6th century Date: probably written between 700-750 Spirit: a dark world, no love. Men seem seldom to relax. Clothed always in their armor, they are ready to go forth and test their courage against fate. • Their heroic ideal: excellence. The king or chieftain must excel in everything, esp. fighting. Skill and courage are the most important qualities. Beowulf is such a hero.
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Northwestern coast of Europe Mysterious nature Brave but superstitious
Significance & Features
1. Epic form: a long verse narrative on the exploits of a national hero, Beowulf 2. representation of the tribal society of ancient times: The primitive people’s heroic struggle against hostile forces of the natural world under a wise leader;
“Thus made their mourning the men of Geatland, For their hero’s passing, his hearth-companions Quoth that of all the kings of earth, Of men he was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest to praise.”
Some of the Features of Epic
The hero is a figure of imposing stature, of national or international importance, and of great historical or legendary significance; The setting is vast in scope, covering great nations, the world, or the universe; The action consists of deeds of great valor or requiring superhuman courage; Supernatural forces ---gods, angels, and demons-- interest themselves in the action and intervene from time to time; A style of sustained elevation and grand simplicity is used;
Norman Conquest （1066-15th cen.）P5-8
Master and servant Language By the end of 15th cen., intermingled structure and common words remained Norman terms were adopted into the English language
Alliteration
Alliteration is regular repetition of the same sounds---usu. initial consonants of words or of stressed syllables--- in Old and Middle English verse. Example:
The English Ballands
Ballad:
Border ballads Robin Hood ballads
Ballad
Ballad is a folk song or orally transmitted poem telling in a direct and dramatic manner some popular story derived from history or legend. The story is told simply and often with vivid dialogue. Ballads are normally composed in quatrains with different rhyme schemes.
English Literature
Requirements
Get some reference books as your supplementary readings Preview each chapter or unit carefully Prepare a notebook & take notes in class Be attentive & responsive in class Review after class & Read the untaught texts in the textbooks by yourself Mind your attendance in class
religious belief: The Pagans/heathens
Old English Literature (secular)
Began with the A-S settlement in England Tales passed on orally by minstrels 吟唱诗 人 Five relics preserved: four are short fragments of long poems; one long poem of over 3,000 lines.
The Roman Conquest (55 B.C.-410 A.D.)
Influences on Britain
Politics of self-government Transportation system (highways) Cities (London) Latin Language Christianity
Middle English Literature
Romance 罗曼史 (P8-16)
Roman matters of subjects : Trojan War, Alexander the Great French matters of subjects: Emperor Charlemagne and his peers English romance: King Arthur and his round-table knights; “Sir Gawain and the Greenknight” (1360-1370), “Le Morte d’Arthur” by Sir Thomas Malory
Social condition: Began feudalism;
new social strata: serfs 农奴—freemen 自由民— farmers 农民— thanes 乡士— earls 爵爷— kings 王爷 Old mythology of northern Europe Christianized in 7th Cen.
Example A simple narrative song, or a narrative poem suitable for singing. The ballad usually has a short stanza, such as: There are twelve months in all the year, As I hear many men say, But the merriest month in all the year Is the merry month of May.
Beowulf
The most important existent work; the national epic of Anglo-Saxons
Written down in 10th cen. Partly-historical and partly-legendary Not about England but their homeland in Denmark
Romance
Romance which uses narrative verse or prose to sing of knightly adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the Middle Ages. The importance of romance itself can be seen as a means of showing medieval aristocratic men and women in relation to their idealized view of the world.
Reference Book
Chen Jia eds. Selected Reading in English Literature (In Three Volumes), The Commercial Press, 1984. 张伯香主编《英国文学教程》（修订版上、 下），武汉大学出版社，2006年5月。 常耀信著《英国文学简史》（英文版）南开大 学出版社，2006年1月第一版。
English/Anglo-Saxon Conquest (446-1066)
Germanic tribes (Angles, Saxons, Jutes) from the Mediterranean coasts: Scandinavia, Denmark and Germany Enslaved the Celts and drove others to Wales, Scotland and Ireland By 7th cen. Combined: England A whole people: English A single language: Anglo-Saxon (Old English)