雅思考试阅读部分全解析 (1)
剑桥雅思6Test1阅读Passage1真题解析
雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑桥雅思6Test 1 Passage1真题解析；相应的译文，请点击：剑6雅思阅读Test1passage1译文-澳大利亚的体育成就。
Test 1 Passage1Question 1答案：B关键词：exchange of expertise, between different sports/collaborate, across a number of sports定位原文：B段第2、3句“...and collaborates with… a number of sports …”解题思路: 题干中讲到不同体育领域的专业知识交流正好跟原文中跨不同体育专家之间的合作相对应，理解意思即可容易找到正确答案。
Question 2答案：C关键词: visual imaging/3D, image定位原文: C段第6句: “...shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis …”解题思路: 通过题干中的视频成像可以很容易找到原文中对应的3D和成像。
Question 3答案：B关键词: a reason for narrowing/ can’t waste time定位原文: B段最后1句: “We can’t waste our time looking…”解题思路: 题目中的research activity和原文中的scientific questions 属于同义表达，定位答题区域，发现此句话所要表达的意思是不在一些飘渺的、不切实际的科学问题上浪费时间，也就是说要缩小研究的范围。
Question 4答案：F关键词：AIS ideas reproduce/ copying定位原文: F段第1句话“Of course, there’s nothing…”解题思路: 题干中的reproduce是复制的意思，之后从文章中发现句子有复制copying，即可以直接定位。
剑桥雅思13Test3雅思阅读passage1真题+解析
剑桥雅思13Test3雅思阅读passage 1真题+解析体载说明文主要内容本文主要讲述了椰子的功用及其起源。
结构第1段:历史上对椰子的记载。
第2段:椰子树干、树皮和花朵的功用。
第3段:椰子壳的功用。
第4段:椰子果肉和汁水的食用价值。
第5段:椰子的种植。
第6段:椰子的起源。
剑桥雅思13Test3雅思阅读passage1题目如下：Questions 1-8Complete the table below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.THE COCONUT PALMPartDescriptionUsestrunkup to 30 metrestimber for houses and the making of 1 ....................leavesup to 6 metres longto make brushesflowersat the top of the trunkstems provide sap, used as a drink or a source of 2 ....................fruitsouter layermiddle layer (coir fibres)used for 3 .................... ， etc.inner layer (shell)a source of 4 ................(when halved) for 5 .........coconut watera drinka source of 6 ................ plantscoconut flesh ooil and milk for cooking and 7.........glycerine (an ingredient in 8.........)Questions 1-8答案解析：●题目类型: Table Completion表格填空是细节题，属于填空题的一种，在雅思考试中难度较低。
剑桥雅思阅读9(test1)原文答案解析
剑桥雅思阅读9(test1)原文答案解析雅思阅读部分的真题资料，同学们需要进行一些细致的总结，比如说解析其实就是很重要的内容，接下来就是店铺给同学们带来的关于剑桥雅思阅读9原文解析(test1)的内容，一起来详细的分析一下吧，希望对你们的备考有所帮助。
剑桥雅思阅读9原文(test1)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.William Henry PerkinThe man who invented synthetic dyesWilliam Henry Perkin was born on March 12, 1838, in London, England. As a boy, Perkin’s curiosity prompted early intere sts in the arts, sciences, photography, and engineering. But it was a chance stumbling upon a run-down, yet functional, laboratory in his late grandfather’s home that solidified the young man’s enthusiasm for chemistry.As a student at the City of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of chemistry. His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution. Those speeches fired the young chemist’s enthusiasm further, and he later went on to attend the Royal College of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15.At the time of Perkin’s enrolment, the Royal College of Chemistry was headed by the noted German chemist August Wilhelm Hofmann. Perkin’s scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann’s attention and, within two years, he becameHofmann’s youngest assistant. Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune.At the time, quinine was the only viable medical treatment for malaria. The drug is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America, and by 1856 demand for the drug was surpassing the available supply. Thus, when Hofmann made some passing comments about the desirability of a synthetic substitute for quinine, it was unsurprising that his star pupil was moved to take up the challenge.During his vacation in 1856, Perkin spent his time in the laboratory on th e top floor of his family’s house. He was attempting to manufacture quinine from aniline, an inexpensive and readily available coal tar waste product. Despite his best efforts, however, he did not end up with quinine. Instead, he produced a mysterious dark sludge. Luckily, Perkin’s scientific training and nature prompted him to investigate the substance further. Incorporating potassium dichromate and alcohol into the aniline at various stages of the experimental process, he finally produced a deep purple solution. And, proving the truth of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur’s words ‘chance favours only the prepared mind’, Perkin saw the potential of his unexpected find.Historically, textile dyes were made from such natural sources as plants and animal excretions. Some of these, such as the glandular mucus of snails, were difficult to obtain and outrageously expensive. Indeed, the purple colour extracted from a snail was once so costly in society at the time only the rich could afford it. Further, natural dyes tended to be muddy in hue and fade quickly. It was against this backdrop that Perkin’sdiscovery was made.Perkin quickly grasped that his purple solution could be used to colour fabric, thus making it the world’s first synthetic dye. Realising the importance of this breakthrough, he lost no time in patenting it. But perhaps the most fascinating of all Perkin’s reactions to his find was his nearly instant recognition that the new dye had commercial possibilities.Perkin originally named his dye Tyrian Purple, but it later became commonly known as mauve (from the French for the plant used to make the colour violet). He asked advice of Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar, who assured him that manufacturing the dye would be well worth it if the colour remained fast (i.e. would not fade) and the cost was relatively low. So, over the fierce objections of his mentor Hofmann, he left college to give birth to the modern chemical industry.With the help of his father and brother, Perkin set up a factory not far from London. Utilising the cheap and plentiful coal tar that was an almost unlimited byproduct of London’s gas street lighting, the dye works began producing the world’s first synthetically dyed material in 1857. The company received a commercial boost from the Empress Eugenie of France, when she decided the new colour flattered her. Very soon, mauve was the necessary shade for all the fashionable ladies in that country. Not to be outdone, England’s Queen Victoria also appeared in public wearing a mauve gown, thus making it all the rage in England as well. The dye was bold and fast, and the public clamoured for more. Perkin went back to the drawing board.Although Perkin’s fame was achieved and fortune assured by his first discovery, the chemist continued his research. Among other dyes he developed and introduced were aniline red (1859)and aniline black (1863) and, in the late 1860s, Perkin’s green. It is important to note that Perkin’s synthetic dye discoveries had outcomes far beyond the merely decorative. The dyes also became vital to medical research in many ways. For instance, they were used to stain previously invisible microbes and bacteria, allowing researchers to identify such bacilli as tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax. Artificial dyes continue to play a crucial role today. And, in what would have been particularly pleasing to Perkin, their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria.Questions 1-7Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1 Michael Faraday was the first person to recognise Perkin’s ability as a student of chemistry.2 Michael Faraday suggested Perkin should enrol in the Royal College of Chemistry.3 Perkin employed August Wilhelm Hofmann as his assistant.4 Perkin was still young when he made the discovery that made him rich and famous.5 The trees from which quinine is derived grow only in South America.6 Perkin hoped to manufacture a drug from a coal tar waste product.7 Perkin was inspired by the discoveries of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur.Questions 8-13Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.8 Before Perkin’s discovery, with what group in society was the colour purple associated?9 What potential did Perkin immediately understand that his new dye had?10 What was the name finally used to refer to the first colour Perkin invented?11 What was the name of the person Perkin consulted before setting up his own dye works?12 In what country did Perkin’s newly invented colour first become fashionable?13 According to the passage, which disease is now being targeted by researchers using synthetic dyes?READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 14-17Reading Passage 2 has five paragraphs, A-E.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Seeking the transmission of radio signals from planetsii Appropriate responses to signals from other civilisations iii Vast distances to Earth’s closest neighboursiv Assumptions underlying the search for extra-terrestrial intelligencev Reasons for the search for extra-terrestrial intelligencevi Knowledge of extra-terrestrial life formsvii Likelihood of life on other planetsExample AnswerParagraph A v14 Paragraph B15 Paragraph C16 Paragraph D17 Paragraph EIS THERE ANYBODY OUT THERE?The Search for Extra-terrestrial IntelligenceThe question of whether we are alone in the Universe has haunted humanity for centuries, but we may now stand poised on the brink of the answer to that question, as we search for radio signals from other intelligent civilisations. This search, often known by the acronym SETI (search for extra-terrestrial intelligence), is a difficult one. Although groups around the world have been searching intermittently for three decades, it is only now that we have reached the level of technology where we can make a determined attempt to search all nearby stars for any sign of life.AThe primary reason for the search is basic curiosity hethe same curiosity about the natural world that drives all pure science. We want to know whether we are alone in the Universe. We want to know whether life evolves naturally if given the right conditions, or whether there is something very special about the Earth to have fostered the variety of life forms that, we seearound us on the planet. The simple detection of a radio signal will be sufficient to answer this most basic of all questions. In this sense, SETI is another cog in the machinery of pure science which is continually pushing out the horizon of our knowledge. However, there are other reasons for being interested in whether life exists elsewhere. For example, we have had civilisation on Earth for perhaps only a few thousand years, and the threats of nuclear war and pollution over the last few decades have told us that our survival may be tenuous. Will we last another two thousand years or will we wipe ourselves out? Since the lifetime of a planet like ours is several billion years, we can expect that, if other civilisations do survive in our galaxy, their ages will range from zero to several billion years. Thus any other civilisation that we hear from is likely to be far older, on average, than ourselves. The mere existence of such a civilisation will tell us that long-term survival is possible, and gives us some cause for optimism. It is even possible that the older civilisation may pass on the benefits of their experience in dealing with threats to survival such as nuclear war and global pollution, and other threats that we haven’t yet discovered.BIn discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules. First, UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects) are generally ignored since most scientists don’t consider the evidence for them to be strong enough to bear serious consideration (although it is also important to keep an open mind in case any really convincing evidence emerges in the future). Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form,quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. In other words, the life form we are looking for may well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our Sun, and perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water.CEven when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life forms is still severely limited. We do not even know, for example, how many stars have planets, and we certainly do not know how likely it is that life will arise naturally, given the right conditions. However, when we look at the 100 billion stars in our galaxy (the Milky Way), and 100 billion galaxies in the observable Universe, it seems inconceivable that at least one of these planets does not have a life form on it; in fact, the best educated guess we can make, using the little that we do know about the conditions for carbon-based life, leads us to estimate that perhaps one in 100,000 stars might have a life-bearing planet orbiting it. That means that our nearest neighbours are perhaps 100 light years away, which is almost next door in astronomical terms.DAn alien civilistation could choose many different ways of sending information across the galaxy, but many of these either require too much energy, or else are severely attenuated while traversing the vast distances across the galaxy. It turns out that, for a given amount of transmitted power, radio waves in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz travel the greatest distance, and so all searches to date have concentrated on looking forradio waves in this frequency range. So far there have been a number of searches by various groups around the world, including Australian searches using the radio telescope at Parkes, New South Wales. Until now there have not been any detections from the few hundred stars which have been searched. The scale of the searches has been increased dramatically since 1992, when the US Congress voted NASA $10 million per year for ten years to conduct, a thorough search for extra-terrestrial life. Much of the money in this project is being spent on developing the special hardware needed to search many frequencies at once. The project has two parts. One part is a targeted search using the world’s largest radio telescopes, the American-operated telescope in Arecibo, Puerto Rico and the French telescope in Nancy in France. This part of the project is searching the nearest 1000 likely stars with high sensitivity for signals in the frequency rang 1000 to 3000 MHz. The other part of the project is an undirected search which is monitoring all of space with a lower sensitivity, using the smaller antennas of NASA’s Deep Space Network.EThere is considerable debate over how we should react if we detect a signal from an alien civilisation. Everybody agrees that we should not reply immediately. Quite apart from the impracticality of sending a reply over such large distances at short notice, it raises a host of ethical questions that would have to be addressed by the global community before any reply could be sent. Would the human race face the culture shock if faced with a superior and much older civilisation? Luckily, there is no urgency about this. The stars being searched are hundreds of light years away, so it takes hundreds of years for their signal toreach us, and a further few hundred years for our reply to reach them. It’s not important, then, if there’s a delay of a few years, or decades, while the human race debates the question of whether to reply, and perhaps carefully drafts a reply.Questions 18-20Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 18-20 on your answer sheet.18 What is the life expectancy of Earth?19 What kind of signals from other intelligent civilisations are SETI scientists searching for?20 How many stars are the world’s most powerful radio telescopes searching?Questions 21-26Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this21 Alien civilisations may be able to help the human race to overcome serious problems.22 SETI scientists are trying to find a life form that resembles humans in many ways.23 The Americans and Australians have co-operated on joint research projects.24 So far SETI scientists have picked up radio signals from several stars.25 The NASA project attracted criticism from some members of Congress.26 If a signal from outer space is received, it will be important to respond promptly.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.The history of the tortoiseIf you go back far enough, everything lived in the sea. At various points in evolutionary history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes even to the most parched deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular fluids. In addition to the reptiles, birds, mammals and insects which we see all around us, other groups that have succeeded out of water include scorpions, snails, crustaceans such as woodlice and land crabs, millipedes and centipedes, spiders and various worms. And we mustn’t forget the pla nts, without whose prior invasion of the land none of the other migrations could have happened.Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life, including breathing and reproduction. Nevertheless, a good number of thorough going land animals later turned around, abandoned their hard-earned terrestrial re-tooling, and returned to the water again. Seals have only gone part way back. They show us what the intermediates might have been like, on the way to extreme cases such as whales and dugongs. Whales (including the small whales we call dolphins) and dugongs, with their close cousins the manatees, ceased to be land creatures altogether and reverted to the full marine habits of their remote ancestors. They don’t even come ashoreto breed. They do, however, still breathe air, having never developed anything equivalent to the gills of their earlier marine incarnation. Turtles went back to the sea a very long time ago and, like all vertebrate returnees to the water, they breathe air. However, they are, in one respect, less fully given back to the water than whales or dugongs, for turtles still lay their eggs on beaches.There is evidence that all modern turtles are descended from a terrestrial ancestor which lived before most of the dinosaurs. There are two key fossils called Proganochelys quenstedti and Plaeochersis talampayensis dating from early dinosaur times, which appear to be close to the ancestry of all modern turtles and tortoises. You might wonder how we can tell whether fossil animals lived on land or in water, especially if only fragments are found. Sometimes it’s obvious. Ichthyosaurs were reptilian contemporaries of the dinosaurs, with fins and streamlined bodies. The fossils look like dolphins and they surely lived like dolphins, in the water. With turtles it is a little less obvious. One way to tell is by measuring the bones of their forelimbs.Walter Joyce and Jacques Gauthier, at Yale University, obtained three measurements in these particular bones of 71 species of living turtles and tortoises. They used a kind of triangular graph paper to plot the three measurements against one another. All the land tortoise species formed a tight cluster of points in the upper part of the triangle; all the water turtles cluster in the lower part of the triangular graph. There was no overlap, except when they added some species that spend time both in water and on land. Sure enough, these amphibious species show up on the triangular graph approximately half way between the ‘wet cluster’ of sea turtles and the ‘dry cluster’of land tortoises. The next step was to determine where the fossils fell. The bones of P. quenstedti and P. talampayensis leave us in no doubt. Their points on the graph are right in the thick of the dry cluster. Both these fossils were dry-land tortoises. They come from the era before our turtles returned to the water.You might think, therefore, that modern land tortoises have probably stayed on land ever since those early terrestrial times, as most mammals did after a few of them went back to the sea. But apparently not. If you draw out the family three of all modern turtles and tortoises, nearly all the branches are aquatic. Today’s land tortoises constitute a single branch, deeply nested among branches consisting of aquatic turtles. This suggests that modern land tortoises have not stayed on land continuously since the time of P. quenstedti and P. talampayensis. Rather, their ancestors were among those who went back to the water, and they then reemerged back onto the land in (relatively) more recent times.Tortoises therefore represent a remarkable double return. In common with all mammals, reptiles and birds, their remote ancestors were marine fish and before that various more or less worm-like creatures stretching back, still in the sea, to the primeval bacteria. Later ancestors lived on land and stayed there for a very large number of generations. Later ancestors still evolved back into the water and became sea turtles. And finally they returned yet again to the land as tortoises, some of which now live in the driest of deserts.Questions 27-30Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.27 What had to transfer from sea to land before any animals could migrate?28 Which TWO processes are mentioned as those in which animals had to make big changes as they moved onto lands?29 Which physical feature, possessed by their ancestors, do whales lack?30 which animals might ichthyosaurs have resembled?Questions 31-33Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 31-33 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this31 Turtles were among the first group of animals to migrate back to the sea.32 It is always difficult to determine where an animal lived when its fossilised remains are incomplete.33 The habitat of ichthyosaurs can be determined by the appearance of their fossilised remains.Questions 34-39Complete the flow-chart below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 34-39 on your answer sheet.Method of determining where the ancestors of turtles and tortoises come fromStep 171 species of living turtles and tortoises were examined anda total of 34 ……………………. were taken from the bones of theirforelimbs.Step 2The data was recorded on a 35 ……………….. (necessary for comparing the information).Outcome: Land tortoises were represented by a dense 36 …………………………… of points towards the top.Sea turtles were grouped together in the bottom part.Step 3The same data was collected from some living 37 ………………. species and added to the other results.Outcome: The points for these species turned out to be positioned about 38 ……………… up the triangle between the land tortoises and the sea turtles.Step 4Bones of P. quenstedti and P. talampayensis were examined in a similar way and the results added.Outcome: The position of the points indicated that both these ancient creatures were 39…………..Question 40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.According to the writer, the most significant thing about tortoises is thatA they are able to adapt to life in extremely dry environments.B their original life form was a kind of primeval bacteria.C they have so much in common with sea turtles.D they have made the transition from sea to land more than once.剑桥雅思阅读9原文参考译文(test1)PASSAGE 1参考译文：William Henry Perkin 合成染料的发明者Wiliam Henry Perkin于1838年3月12日出生于英国伦敦。
剑阅读解析整理
剑桥雅思10阅读解析T e s t1P a s s a g e1体裁说明文主题牛科动物结构第一段：牛科概述第二段：分布和体型第三段：共同特征第四段：五种亚科牛亚科第五段：羚羊亚科第六段：羊亚科第七段：鹿羚亚科第八段：叉角羚阅读解析试题解析阅读解析Test1Passage1 Question 1-3题型：multiple choice题型解析：本题属单选题，注意题目说明：在ABCD中选择正确的。
阅读解析Test1Passage1 Question 4-8题型：matching题型解析：搭配题，根据选项定位关键词，题干是对应原文的同义改写阅读解析Test1Passage1 Question 9-13题型：选词填空题型解析：根据题干关键词进行定位，用原文中不超过三个词来回答问题。
剑桥雅思10阅读解析Test1Passage2难度分析：中等文章标题：European Transport Systems 1990-2010 欧洲的交通系统文章话题：交通运输类词汇准备：第一段词性解释conceive v. 设想vigorous a. 精力充沛的；强健的facilitate v. 促进，使便利substantial a. 大量的fleet n. 车队第二段internal a. 内部的frontier n. 边界abolish v. 废除emphasis v. 强调assembly n. 集会；会议第三段candidate n. 候选人haulage n. 货运费inherit v. 继承第四段imperative n. 重要紧急的事integrate v. 合并ambitious a. 有雄心的propose v. 提议nonetheless adv. 尽管如此第五段emission n. 排放estimate v. 评估reverse v. 颠倒，转变culprit n. 肇事者；罪犯第六段shift v. 转移；转型deteriorate v. 退化；恶化emerge v. 出现第七段solely adv. 单独complementary a. 互补的curb v. 控制；限定revitalize v. 使强壮；使恢复生机第八段infrastructure n. 基础设施guarantee v. 保证saturate v. 使饱和artery n. 干线；动脉????????????? ???? 题型分析：文章题型由两个题型组成：小标题配对+判断题，一个主旨题型一个细节题型。
剑桥雅思6阅读解析-Test1
READING PASSAGE 1文章结构本节考查词汇demolish [ ♎♓❍●♓☞ ] vt. 推翻rival [ ❒♋♓❖☜● ] n. 对手with ease [ ♓ ] 轻易地underpin [ ✈⏹♎☜☐♓⏹ ] v. 支撑，支持youngster [ ✈☠♦♦☜ ] n. 年青人collaborate [ ☜●✌♌☜❒♏♓♦ ] vi. 合作golfer [♊♈●♐☜☎❒✆] n. 高尔夫球手squash [ ♦♦☞ ] n. 壁球cyclist [ ♦♋✋●✋♦♦] n. 自行车运动员tweak [ ♦♦♓ ] v. 拧champion [ ♦☞✌❍☐☜⏹ ] n. 冠军slice [ ♦●♋♓♦ ] v. 切spine [ ♦☐♋♓⏹ ] n. 脊柱，脊椎wring [ ❒♓☠ ] v. 榨取unobtrusive [ ✈⏹☜♌♦❒◆♦♓❖ ] adj. 不明显的，微型的immune [ ♓❍◆⏹ ] adj. 免疫的complex [ ❍☐●♏♦ ] adj. 复杂的segment [ ♦♏♈❍☜⏹♦ ] n. 部分，章节unveil [ ✈⏹❖♏♓l ] vt. 揭开，展示endurance [ ♓⏹♎◆❒☜⏹♦ ] n. 耐力rower [ ♊❒☜☺☜☎❒✆ ] n. 划船选手replicate [ ❒♏☐●♓♓♦ ] v. 复制考题精解Questions 1-7『题型』MATCHING『解析』该题型是绝对乱序题型。
应尽量根据段落主题来大致定位到段落，然后寻找具体替换以确认答案。
Questions 8-11『题型』MATCHING『解析』大致定位：C/D两段段讲到具体应用，所以大部分应在此二段落；只有F段主题是涉及其他国家（their rivals）。
Questions 12-13『题型』SHORT-ANSWER QUESTION『解析』主题句解析1.第一段首、末句：They play hard, they play often, and they play to win…Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.解析：文章的开篇通常是背景介绍，以避免主题的切入过于突兀。
雅思阅读试题练习与答案全解析
雅思阅读试题练习与答案全解析一、练习题阅读Passage 1：阅读以下段落，回答问题1-5。
1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The advantages of the Internet.B. The disadvantages of the Internet.C. The impact of the Internet on society.D. The history of the Internet.2. According to the passage, which of the following is a problem caused by the widespread adoption of the Internet?A. Environmental pollution.B. Privacy issues.C. Economic growth.D. Educational improvement.3. Why does the Internet lead to social isolation?A.因为它改变了人们的交流方式B.因为它使人们更容易获取信息C.因为它促进了全球连接D.因为它提供了更多的娱乐方式4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Privacy issues.B. The spread of misinformation.C. Social isolation.D. Education inequality.5. In the author's opinion, how should people use the Internet responsibly?A. They should limit their online activities to protect their privacy.B. They should only consume information from trusted sources.C. They should spend more time on social media to stay connected.D. They should use the Internet as an educational tool to enhance their knowledge.阅读Passage 2：阅读以下段落，回答问题6-10。
剑桥雅思阅读理解解析含翻译
剑桥雅思8-第三套试题-阅读部分-P A S S A G E1-阅读真题原文部分:READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Striking Back at Lightning With LasersSeldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Their electrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the United States alone. As the clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt's most inviting target. And there is damage to property too. Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million a year.But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back. Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike.The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new. In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate. The technique survives to this day at a test site in Florida run by the University of Florida, with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute EPRI, based in California. EPRI, which is funded by power companies, is looking at ways to protect the United States' power grid from lightning strikes. 'We can cause the lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets, ' says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightning projects at EPRI. The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up.Bad behaviourBut while rockets are fine for research, they cannot provide the protection from lightning strikes that everyone is looking for. The rockets cost around $1, 200 each, can only be fired at a limited frequency and their failure rate is about 40 per cent. And even when they do trigger lightning, things still do not always go according to plan. 'Lightning is not perfectly well behaved, ' says Bernstein. 'Occasionally, it will take a branch and go someplace it wasn't supposed to go. ' And anyway, who would want to fire streams of rockets in a populated area 'What goes up must come down, ' points out Jean-Claude Diels of the University of New Mexico. Diels is leading a project, which is backed by EPRI, to try to use lasers to discharge lightning safely - and safety is a basic requirement since no one wants to put themselves or their expensive equipment at risk. With around $500, 000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from the laboratory.The idea began some 20 years ago, when high-powered lasers were revealing their ability to extract electrons out of atoms and create ions. If a laser could generate a line of ionisation in the air all the way up to a storm cloud, this conducting path could be used to guide lightning to Earth, before the electric field becomes strong enough to break down the air in an uncontrollable surge. To stop the laser itself being struck, it would not be pointed straight at the clouds. Instead it would be directed at a mirror, and from there into the sky. The mirror would be protected by placing lightning conductors close by. Ideally, the cloud-zapper gunwould be cheap enough to be installed around all key power installations, and portable enough to be taken to international sporting events to beam up at brewing storm clouds.A stumbling blockHowever, there is still a big stumbling block. The laser is no nifty portable: it's a monster that takes up a whole room. Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around the size of a small table is in the offing. He plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds next summer.Bernstein says that Diels's system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies. But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says willbe needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper. 'I cannot say I have money yet, but I'm working on it, ' says Bernstein. He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he's hoping for good news. Bernstein predicts 'an avalanche of interest and support' if all goes well. He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing 100, 000 each.Other scientists could also benefit. With a lightning 'switch' at their fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter. Diels also hopes to see the birth of 'interactive meteorology' - not just forecasting the weather but controlling it. 'If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather, ' he says.And perhaps, says Diels, we'll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces. 'We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning, ' he says. Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms. A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops. With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back.Questions 1-3Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.1 The main topic discussed in the text isA the damage caused to US golf courses and golf players by lightning strikes.B the effect of lightning on power supplies in the US and in Japan.C a variety of methods used in trying to control lightning strikes.D a laser technique used in trying to control lightning strikes.2 According to the text, every year lightningA does considerable damage to buildings during thunderstorms.B kills or injures mainly golfers in the United States.C kills or injures around 500 people throughout the world.D damages more than 100 American power companies.3 Researchers at the University of Florida and at the University of New MexicoA receive funds from the same source.B are using the same techniques.C are employed by commercial companies.D are in opposition to each other.Questions 4-6Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 4-6 on your answer sheet.4 EPRI receives financial support from………………………….5 The advantage of the technique being developed by Diels is that it can be used……………… .6 The main difficulty associated with using the laser equipment is related to its……………….Questions 7-10Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.In this method, a laser is used to create a line of ionisation by removing electrons from 7 …………………………. This laser is then directed at 8 ………………………… in order to control electrical charges, a method which is less dangerous than using 9 …………………………. As a protection for the lasers, the beams are ai med firstly at 10………………………….A cloud-zappersB atomsC storm cloudsD mirrorsE techniqueF ionsG rockets H conductors I thunderQuestions 11-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1In boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this11 Power companies have given Diels enough money to develop his laser.12 Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms.13 Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels's system. READING PASSAGE 1篇章结构体裁说明文主题用激光回击闪电结构第1段：闪电带来的危害第2段：科研人员正在研究回击闪电的方法第3段：先前的闪电回击术介绍第4段：火箭回击术的缺陷第5段：更安全的激光回击术第6段：激光回击术的技术原理第7段：激光回击术的缺陷第8段：通过实地实验改进激光回击术第9段：激光回击术对其他学科也有益处第10段：激光回击术的其他用途解题地图难度系数：★★★解题顺序：按题目顺序解答即可友情提示：烤鸭们注意：本文中的SUMMARY题目顺序有改变,解题要小心；MULTIPLE CHOICE的第三题是个亮点,爱浮想联翩的烤鸭们可能会糊掉;必背词汇1. inflict v. 造成The strikes inflicted serious damage on the economy. 罢工给经济造成了重大损失;2. inviting adj. 吸引人的The log fire looked warm and inviting. 篝火看上去温暖而诱人;3. property n. 财产；属性The hotel is not responsible for any loss or damage to guests’ personal property.酒店不承担宾客的任何个人财产的丢失或损坏;a herb with healing properties具有治疗效果的草药physical/chemical properties物理特性/化学特性4. fund v. 资助,投资The project is jointly funded by several local companies. 这个项目得到了当地几家公司的联合资助;government-funded research政府资助的研究5. back v. 支持,帮助The scheme has been backed by several major companies in the region.这个项目得到了该地区几家大公司的支持;Some suspected that the rebellion was backed and financed by the US.有人怀疑这次叛乱是由美国主使并资助的;6. discharge v. 放电；排出Both forms are readily gasified by electrical discharge without leaving any tangible residue.两种形态都易被放电气化而不剩任何可触察的残余;7. emerge v. 出现,浮现The sun emerged from behind the clouds. 太阳从云朵中探出头来;Eventually the truth emerged. 真相最终浮出水面;8. reveal v. 展现,显示；揭示,泄露He may be prosecuted for revealing secrets about the security agency.他可能会因为泄露国安局机密而遭检控;He revealed that he had been in prison twice before. 他透露说他曾经坐过两次牢;9. generate v. 使产生The program would generate a lot of new jobs. 这项计划会创造很多新职位;Tourism generates income for local communities. 旅游业给当地社区带来了收入;10. surge n. 涌流：猛增a surge of excitement一阵兴奋a surge of refugees into the country 涌入该国的难民潮a surge in food costs食品价格猛涨11. install v. 安装They've installed the new computer network at last. 他们最终安装了新的计算机网络;Security cameras have been installed in the city centre. 市中心安装了安全摄像头;12. nifty adj. 灵便的a nifty little gadget for squeezing oranges一个榨橘子汁用的灵便小工具13. in the offing即将发生的Big changes were in the offing. 剧变即将发生;认知词汇dramatic adj. 激动人心的fury n. 狂怒,狂暴本文中指雷暴电流leisurely adv. 轻松地dice with death拿性命开玩笑neutralize v. 中和brave v. 勇敢地面对armoury n. 军械库on command 按指令power grid 电力网precise adj. 精确的voltages n. 电压frequency n. 频率failure rate 失败率trigger v. 激发,触发branch n. 岔路populated adj. 人口密集的extract v. 提取atom n. 原子ion n. 离子ionization n. 离子化electric field 电场conductor n. 导体sporting event体育项目stumbling block 绊脚石monster n. 庞然大物manageable adj. 易管理的yet adv. 尚未；还没有come up with 准备好；提供reckon v. 料想,预计forthcoming adj. 即将来临的field test 实地测试turning point 转折点an avalanche of似雪片般的current n. 电流matter n. 物质interactive meteorology互动气象学confront v. 面临,对抗menace n. 威胁hail n. 冰雹torrential rain 暴雨moisture n. 水汽giant hailstone 大冰雹佳句赏析1. If a laser could generate a line of ionisation in the air all the way up toa storm could, this conducting path could be used to guide lightning to Earth, beforethe electric field becomes strong enough to break down the air in an uncontrollable surge.参考译文：如果激光器能够生成一条直达暴雨云的离子线,就可以在闪电电场增强为一股无法控制的涌流并击破空气之前,用这条传导通道把电荷引导到地面上来;语言点：状语从句——条件状语从句条件状语从句的连接词主要有：if, unless,as/so long as,on condition that等;此处为if引导的条件状语从句;例句：Just imagine how horrible the world would be if humans are the only creature in the world.想一想,如果人类是这世界上唯一的生物,这世界会变得多可怕;Some animal species are under threat if they stay in their natural habitat.如果留在自然栖息地,某些动物物种会面临威胁;If引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种;非真实条件句可以表示：1同现在事实相反的假设：从句一般过去时+主句should/would+动词原形2与过去事实相反的假设：从句过去完成时+主句should/would have+过去分词3对将来的假设：从句一般过去时+主句should+动词原形；从句were+不定式/should+动词原形+主句would+动词原形例句：If drug use were to be legalized,considerable police time would be spent in dealing with other more serious problems.如果吸食毒品合法化,警察大量的时间就将用于解决其他更严重的问题;2. A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops.参考译文：一个激光雷工厂可以把水汽从云层中震出,这样也许可以阻止威胁庄稼的大冰雹的形成;语言点：现在分词作状语例句：Facing high competition,people may suffer great pressure.面对高度竞争,人们可能会承受巨大的压力;Being confronted with economic pressure,women have to go outside to work.面临经济压力,妇女不得不外出工作;Not wearing proper clothes people will be considered those who do not know socialand interpersonal skills.如果衣着不当,人们会被当成是不懂社交和人际关系技巧的人;试题解析Questions 1-3题目类型：MULTIPLE CHOICES题目解析：解题小窍门：读清题干巧定位,四个选项要读完,绝对only排除掉,正确选项在中间;题号定位词题目解析1main topic 题目：本文讨论的主题是A闪电攻击对美国高尔夫场地和高尔夫选手造成的损失;B闪电对美国和日本电力供应的影响;C试图用来控制闪电袭击的各种方式;D一种试图用来控制闪电袭击的激光技术;正确翻译后,选项A和B比较容易排除,选项C比较具有迷惑性,但是只要看看文章标题,就不难发现本文主题是laser,所以正确答案是D;2 lightning 题目：根据文章,每年闪电会A在暴风雨期间对建筑物造成相当大的破坏;B在美国主要导致高尔夫球手死亡或受伤;C在全世界范围内导致500人死亡或受伤;D破坏了100多家美国电力公司;选项C和D中的具体数字是很好的定位词,可定位至文章第一段;文中提到,只是在美国,闪电每年就能杀伤500人,而不是世界范围内,因此排除选项C;而100这个数字在文中是100million a year,说的是每年闪电会让电力公司损失超过一亿美元,而不是说毁掉100多家电力公司,因此排除选项D;文中提到了云层翻滚而来时在户外打高尔夫是非常危险的,并没有说每年因雷击而死伤的是高尔夫球手,因此排除选项B;文中提到,there is damage to property too. buildings属于property的范畴,因此正确答案为A;3University of Florida,University of New Mexico 题目：佛罗里达大学和新墨西哥大学的研究员们A有同样的资金来源;B使用同样的技术C受雇于商业公司;D互相反对;此题是不可过多联想的典型,越直白的想法越能解题;一般来讲,带有金钱的选项应该去掉,但是此题剑走偏锋,偏偏选了带funds一词的选项A;文中有两处支持这个答案：第一处在第三段：…with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute EPRI…另一处在第五段：…which is backed by EPRI…两处暗示两项研究都得到了EPRI的资助,因此答案为A;选项B可以从文中说的一个主张用火箭,一个主张用激光来排除；选项C在文中并没有提及；选项D则是过多推理的结果,尽管使用技术不同,但是并不代表两者互相反对;Questions 4—6题目类型：SENTENCE COMPLETION题目解析：题号定位词文中对应点题目解析4 EPRI,financialsupport 第三段：EPRI,which is funded bypower companies…用EPRI定位到文章第三段,EPRI第一次出现之后即指出其是由电力公司资助的,原文中的funded等同于题干中的receives financial support from,因此答案应该填power companies;注意不要写成单数;5Diels 第五段：…to try to use lasers todischarge lightning safely…用人名Diels在文中定位到第五段,从题目看出这里应填入一个副词,所以可以在人名周围寻找use或者use的替换词,并且在其周围找带有-ly形式的词,这样正确答案safely很快就能浮出水面了;6 difficulty,laser equipment 第七段：The laser is no nifty portable：it’s a monster that takes up a whole room. Diels is trying to cut down the size…这道题目的定位稍微有一些困难,需要将difficulty一词与文章中的stumbling block联系起来,进而找到第七段中的laser一词;文中提到,该激光设备并不方便携带,它是个体积占据了一整间房间的庞然大物;看到这里,通过理解,考生们可以想到激光设备最大的问题就是体积太大,不好携带,所以正确答案是size;Questions 7-10题目类型：SUMMARY COMPLETION解题小窍门：题目解析：解题小窍门：1. 理解词库里的单词,并将其按词性归类;2. 带动整道题的定位词是第一行的ionisation,比较容易定位到文章第六段,那么整个summary的答案就应该在这个词周围寻找;题号定位词文中对应点题目解析7electrons 第六段：…to extract electrons out of atoms…本题关键是要理解题目中的remove…from…与文中的extract…out of…属于同义替换,这里要表达的是从原子atoms中提取电荷electrons;故正确答案是B;8 directed at 第六段：If a laser could generate a line of ionization in the air all the way up to a storm cloud…注意文中generate是“产生”的意思；directed at对应文中的all the way up to,其后的a storm cloud 即对应空格处要填的内容;因此正确答案是C;9 less dangerous 第五段：…who would want to fire streams of rockets in a populated area…to try to use lasers to discharge lightning safely…这道题比较麻烦,对于只是按照顺序寻找答案的考生,定位答案会比较困难;这里需要联系第五段中的信息,参照词库里的单词,推测出空格所在句的意思是“用激光控制闪电是比用火箭更安全less dangerous的方式”;正确答案是G; 10 protection,aimed firstly at 第六段：To stop the laser itself beingstruck…Instead it would be directed at amirror…protection对应文中的stop…being struck；at是解题关键词,即使不知道文中的directed和题目中的aimed是同义词,也可以从词组的形式上看出来两者是同位的,其后的名词即为答案;由此可知答案是D;Questions 11-13题目类型：YES/NO/NOT GIVEN题目解析：11. Power companies have given Diels enough money to develop his laser.参考译文电力公司已经向Diels提供了足够的资金来研发他的激光器;定位词Diels,money解题关键词have given…enough money文中对应点由定位词及顺序规律可以定位到第八段：“I cannot say I have money yet, but I am working on it. ”“我还不能说我已经拿到钱了,但是我正在为之努力;”看到这句话,再联系上句：Bernstein says that Diels’ system is attracting lotsof interest from the power companies. But they have not yet come up with the 5 million that EPRI says will be needed to develop a commercial system… Bernstein表示,Diels的激光系统正在引起各电力公司的广泛兴趣;但他们还没有准备好EPRI提出的500万美元——开发一个……的商用系统的所需资金;这两句话足以证明Diels的系统还没有得到足够的资金支持;答案NO12. Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms.参考译文获得改善激光器所需的资金依赖于在真正的暴风雨中进行的试验;定位词obtaining money. tests in real storms解题关键词tests in real storms文中对应点第八段：第11题对应的原文下一句提到：He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point…其中turning point是“转折点”的意思,联系上题中说到的,目前该项目还没有拿到钱,可知这句话的意思是field tests就是得到资金的转折点;field tests=tests in real storms答案YES13. Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels's system.参考译文天气预报员们对Diels的系统设备特别感兴趣;定位词Diels,weather forecasters解题关键词intensely interested文中对应点这是一道典型的完全未提及的题目,interest一词出现在第八段的末尾,而weather forecasters这两个词也仅在第九段最后两句中出现：…not just forecasting the weather butcontrolling it…,而具体内容则完全不相干;答案NOT GIVEN参考译文用激光回击闪电很少有比雷暴天气更令人感到恐怖的天气了;仅在美国,猛烈的雷暴电流每年都会造成大约500人死亡或重伤;云层翻滚而来的时候,在户外打一场轻松的高尔夫成了一件异常可怕的事情,无异于是在拿自己的性命开玩笑——孤身一人在户外的高尔夫球手可能是闪电最喜欢攻击的目标;此外,闪电也会带来财产损失;每年闪电会对美国电力公司造成超过一亿美元的损失;不过,美国和日本的研究人员正在策划回击闪电的方案;他们已开始通过实验测试中和雷暴电荷的各种方法;今年冬天,他们将直面雷暴：使用配备的激光器射向空中的雨云,使其在闪电出现之前放电;迫使雨云根据指令释放闪电并非一个新想法;早在20世纪60年代早期,研究者们就尝试过把带着拖曳线的火箭射入雨云,以期为这些云层发出的庞大的电荷群搭建起便捷的放电路径;由于受到建在加利福尼亚的电力研究所EPRI的支持,这一技术在佛罗里达的州立大学试验基地幸存到了今天;EPRI由电力公司资助,现正致力于研究保护美国输电网不受闪电袭击的方法;“我们可以通过火箭让闪电击向我们想让它去的地方,”EPRI的闪电项目经理Ralph Bemstein如此说道;该火箭基地现在能对闪电电压进行精确测量,并可以让工程师们检测电气设备的负载;不良行为虽然火箭在研究中功不可没,但它们无法提供闪电来袭时所有人都希求的保护;每支火箭造价大约1,200美元,发射频率有限,而失败率却高达40％;即使它们确实能够引发闪电,事情也无法总是按计划顺利进行;“闪电可不那么听话,”Bernstein说,“它们偶尔会走岔路,射到它们本不该去的地方;”但不管怎样,有谁会想在人口密集的地区发射成群的火箭呢“射上去的肯定会掉下来,”新墨西哥大学的Jean-Claude Diels指出;Diels现在正在负责一个项目,该项目由ERPI所支持,试图通过发射激光使闪电安全放电——安全是一项基本要求,因为没人愿意把他们自己的性命或他们的昂贵设备置于危险之中;有了迄今为止的50万美元的投入,一套有巨大潜力的系统装置正在该实验室慢慢成形;这一系统装置的想法始于大约20年前,当时正在开发大功率激光器从原子中提取电荷并生成离子的能力;如果激光器能够生成一条直达暴雨云的离子线,就可以在闪电电场增强为一股无法控制的涌流并击破空气之前,用这条传导通道把电荷引导到地面上来;为了防止激光器本身受到电击,不能把它直接对准云层,而是要把它对准一面镜子,让激光通过镜子折射向天空;要在靠近镜子的四局布置闪电传导器从而对其进行保护;理想的做法是,云层遥控器枪要比较廉价,以便能够把它们安装在所有重点电力设备周围；另外还要方便携带,以便在国际运动赛事场地中用于使逐渐聚积的雨云失去威力;绊脚石可是,仍存在巨大的绊脚石;激光器并不方便携带：它是个能占据整个房间的庞然大物;Diels一直想要缩小它的体积,并表示很快就会有小型桌子大小的激光器了;他计划在明年夏天用真正的雨云来实际测试这个更容易操作的激光系统;Bemstein表示,Diels的激光系统正在引起各电力公司的广泛兴趣;但他们还没有准备好EPRI提出的500万美元——开发一个让激光器更小巧、价格也更便宜的商用系统的所需资金;Bernstein说：“我还不能说我已经拿到钱了,但是我正在为之努力;”他认为,即将进行的实地测试会成为一个转折点,而且他也在期待着好消息;Bemstein预言,如果一切顺利,这将吸引“排山倒海般的兴趣和支持”;他希望看到云层遥控器的最终价格能定在每台5万到10万美元之间;其他科学家也能从中受益;如果手上有了控制闪电的“开关”,材料科学家就可以了解强大的电流遇到物质时会发生什么现象;Diels也希望看到“互动气象学”问世——不仅仅是预测天气,而且能控制天气;“如果我们能使云层放电,我们也许就能左右天气,”他说;而且也许,Diels说,我们将能够对抗一些其他的气象威胁;“我们认为我们也许能通过引导闪电来阻止冰雹,”他说;雷,来自于闪电的冲击波,被认为是大暴雨——典型的雷暴天气——的触发器;一个激光雷工厂可以把水汽从云层中震出,这样也许可以阻止威胁庄稼的大冰雹的形成;如果运气好的话,在今年冬天雨云聚积的时候,持有激光器的研究者们就能第一次对其进行回击了;剑桥雅思8-第三套试题-阅读部分-PASSAGE 2-阅读真题原文部分:READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.The Nature of GeniusThere has always been an interest in geniuses and prodigies. The word 'genius', from the Latin gens = family and the term 'genius', meaning 'begetter', comes from the early Roman cult of a divinity as the head of the family. In its earliest form, genius was concerned with the ability of the head of the family, the paterfamilias, to perpetuate himself. Gradually, genius came to represent a person's characteristics and thence an individual's highest attributes derived from his 'genius' or guiding spirit. Today, people still look to stars or genes, astrology or genetics, in thehope of finding the source of exceptional abilities or personal characteristics.The concept of genius and of gifts has become part of our folk culture, and attitudes are ambivalent towards them. We envy the gifted and mistrust them. In the mythology of giftedness, it is popularly believed that if people are talented in one area, they must be defective in another, that intellectuals are impractical, that prodigies burn too brightly too soon and burn out, that gifted people are eccentric, that they are physical weaklings, that there's a thin line between genius and madness, that genius runs in families, that the gifted are so clever they don't need special help, that giftedness is the same as having a high IQ, that some races are more intelligent or musical or mathematical than others, that genius goes unrecognised and unrewarded, that adversity makes men wise or that people with gifts have a responsibility to use them. Language has been enriched with such terms as 'highbrow', 'egghead', 'blue-stocking', 'wiseacre', 'know-all', 'boffin' and, for many, 'intellectual' is a term of denigration.The nineteenth century saw considerable interest in the nature of genius, and produced not a few studies of famous prodigies. Perhaps for us today, two of the most significant aspects of most of these studies of genius are the frequency with which early encouragement and teaching by parents and tutors had beneficial effects on the intellectual, artistic or musical development of the children but caused great difficulties of adjustment later in their lives, and the frequency with which abilities went unrecognised by teachers and schools. However, the difficulty with the evidence produced by these studies, fascinating as they are in collecting together anecdotes and apparent similarities and exceptions, is that they are not what we would today call norm-referenced. In other words, when, for instance, information is collated about early illnesses, methods of upbringing, schooling, etc. , we must also take into account information from other historical sources about how common or exceptional these were at the time. For instance, infant mortality was high and life expectancy much shorter than today, home tutoring was common in the families of the nobility and wealthy, bullying and corporal punishment were common at the best independent schools and, for the most part, the cases studiedwere members of the privileged classes. It was only with the growth of paediatrics and psychology in the twentieth century that studies could be carried out on a more objective, if still not always very scientific, basis.Geniuses, however they are defined, are but the peaks which stand out through the mist of history and are visible to the particular observer from his or her particular vantage point. Change the observers and the vantage points, clear away some of the mist, and a different lot of peaks appear. Genius is a term we apply to those whom we recognise for their outstanding achievements and who stand near the end of the continuum of human abilities which reaches back through the mundane and mediocre to the incapable. There is still much truth in Dr Samuel Johnson's observation, 'The true genius is a mind of large general powers, accidentally determined to some particular direction'. We may disagree with the 'general', for we doubt if all musicians of genius could have become scientists of genius or vice versa, but there is no doubting the accidental determination which nurtured or triggered their gifts into those channels into which they have poured their powers so successfully. Along the continuum of abilities are hundreds of thousands of gifted men and women, boys and girls.What we appreciate, enjoy or marvel at in the works of genius or the achievements of prodigies are the manifestations of skills or abilities which are similar to, but so much superior to, our own. But that their minds are not different from our own is demonstrated by the fact that the hard-won discoveries of scientists like Kepler or Einstein become the commonplace knowledge of schoolchildren and the once outrageous shapes and colours of an artist like Paul Klee so soon appear on the fabrics we wear. This does not minimise the supremacy of their achievements, which outstrip our own as the sub-four-minute milers outstrip our jogging.To think of geniuses and the gifted as having uniquely different brains is only reasonable if we accept that each human brain is uniquely different. The purpose of instruction is to make us even more different from one another, and in the process of being educated we can learn from the achievements of those more gifted than ourselves. But before we try to emulate geniuses or encourage our children to doso we should note that some of the things we learn from them may prove unpalatable. We may envy their achievements and fame, but we should also recognise the price they may have paid in terms of perseverance, single-mindedness, dedication, restrictions on their personal lives, the demands upon their energies and time, and how often they had to display great courage to preserve their integrity or to make their way to the top.Genius and giftedness are relative descriptive terms of no real substance. We may, at best, give them some precision by defining them and placing them in a context but, whatever we do, we should never delude ourselves into believing that gifted children or geniuses are different from the rest of humanity, save in the degree to which they have developed the performance of their abilities.Questions 14-18Choose FIVE letters, A-K.Write the correct letters in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.NB Your answers may be given in any order.Below are listed some popular beliefs about genius and giftedness.Which FIVE of these beliefs are reported by the writer of the textA Truly gifted people are talented in all areas.B The talents of geniuses are soon exhausted.C Gifted people should use their gifts.D A genius appears once in every generation.E Genius can be easily destroyed by discouragement.F Genius is inherited.G Gifted people are very hard to live with.H People never appreciate true genius.I Geniuses are natural leaders.J Gifted people develop their greatness through difficulties.K Genius will always reveal itself.Questions 19-26Reading。
雅思真题剑6Test1阅读Passage1真题及解析.docx
【雅思真题】剑6Test1阅读Passage1真题及解析READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based onReading Passage 1 below.AUSTRALIA'S SPORTING SUCCESSA They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sportsteams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seemingease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensivenetwork of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At theAustralian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live andtrain under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousandsof sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilitiesand nutritional advice.B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs morethan 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one - such as building muscle strength in golfers - toothers, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians whodesign instruments to collect data from athletes. They allfocus on one aim: winning. ‘We can't waste our time looking at etherealscientific questions that don't help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,' says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.C A lot of their work comes down to measurement - everything from the exactangle of a swimmer’s dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is onindividuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second’s here , an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to bother with. Itthe tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. Todemonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype ofa 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a championswimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he analyses howher spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason's contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (SWimmingANalysis)system now used in Australian national competitions. It collectsimages from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down eachpart of a swimmer's performance into factors that can be analysed individually-stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity,start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits outdata on each swimmerD ‘Take a look,' says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the dataon the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one whofinished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of asecond down? ‘His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the otherguy,' says Mason. ‘If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better ’ This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists' research is bringing to arange of sports.With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne,they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete'sclothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or anyother factor that might have an impact on an athlete's ability to run.There's more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives theexample of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times ayear. After years of experimentation, AlS and the University of Newcastle in NewSouth Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-systemprotein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes' saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fallbelow a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgAlevels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests wereintroduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful atstaying healthy.E Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sportsscientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a‘competition model', based on what they expect will be the winning times.‘You design the model to make that time,' says Mason.‘A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequencyand stroke length, with turns done in these times.' All the training is thengeared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and foreach segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australiainto arguably the world's most successful sporting nation.F Of course, there's nothing to stop other countries copying-and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes.At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists' and rowers' times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happenedto the ‘altitude tent', developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training atsea level. But Australia's success story is about morethan easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicatedits all-encompassing system.Questions 1-7Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity4 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated6 an overview of the funded support of athletes7 how performance requirements are calculated before an eventQuestions 8-11Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states theyA are currently exclusively used by AustraliansB will be used in the future by AustraliansC are currently used by both Australians and their rivalsWrite the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.8cameras9sensors10protein tests11altitude tentsQuestions 12 and 13Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?13 By how much did some cyclists' performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games? READING PASSAGE 真1解析：篇章构体裁明文主澳大利的体育成就构 A 段：澳大利体育成斐然 B 段：科技是第一生力C段：精确量和数据分析 D 段：精确量和数据分析的例E 段：数据的用F 段：不可复制的成功必背A 段fair adj.合理的 pro n. 运demolish v.；破坏，坏under the eye of在⋯⋯的注意下rival n.争者，手 body n.体，机构seeming adj.表面上的 ( 通常事并非如此 ) finance v.⋯⋯提供ease n. 不力，松 excellence n.秀，卓越extensive adj.广泛的，涉及面广的intensive adj.化的underpin v.以⋯⋯固基nutritional adj.养的B 段centre stage中心地位 squash n.壁球collaborate v.合作 instrument n.器，器械golfer n.打高夫球的人 ethereal adj.渺的，引申不切的C段come down to(sth.)可 wire-frame adj.框的second-by-second每秒的 slice v.划开；切开output n.出 slow motion慢作wring ⋯out of 原扭，榨取，此引申从⋯⋯中( 努力 ) 得 side-on从面stroke n.划，划水tweak v.扭，用力拉 spine n.脊柱world-beating adj.世瞩目的 swivel v.旋prototype n.原型 biomechanical adj.生物力 ( 学 ) 的profile n.原廓、外形，此意模型velocity n.速度，速率lap n. 一圈budding adj.展中的 spit out原是吐出，此引申示出、分析出frame n.，画面D段turn time身 immunoglobulin n.免疫球蛋白unobtrusive adj.不眼的，不醒目的present adj.存在的sensor n.感器 saliva n.唾液embed v. 使插入；使嵌入 ease v.减，减弱sweat v.出汗，汗remarkably adv.著地，引人注目地；非常地experimentation n.，immune-system免疫系的E段complex adj.复的transform v.，，改championship n.冠arguably adv.可地(可地)，有理由地gear v.整，(使)适合segment n. 部分F 段unveil v.展示(新品)；揭开altitude tent高原篷coolant-lined流型散replicate v.复制endurance n.耐力；忍耐力encompass v.包含或包括某事物slice v.减少，降低句解析1. A lot of their work comes down to measurement—everything from the exact angle of a swimmer's dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist.参考文：多工作都涉及具体量，量内容包括从游泳运潜水的精确角度到自行运每秒功率出的所有数据。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
雅思考试阅读部分全解析无论是A类还是G类, 雅思的阅读与国内\国际现今流行的各种重大考试有很大的区别。
其广泛的选材范围、多样的出题形式、艰涩的段落和句法结构、冗长的篇幅和无处不在的生词对于考生的语言实力和解题技巧提出了严峻的考验。
但是，回顾这么多年的考试历程，雅思并没有跳出语言测试的樊篱。
换言之，雅思就是在有限的时间里测试考生的语言实力和应试技巧。
一、概述I．文章的篇幅长篇幅是雅思阅读文章的突出特点。
每段文章至少700字以上，7、8个段落也算正常。
阅读目的就是为理解服务，应试型阅读就是为解题服务。
雅思阅读中的题目虽然貌似复杂，其实归结起来无外乎主旨题与细节理解题。
而解题的过程实际上是略读、扫读和细读这三大技巧的综合。
雅思考试的阅读很有限，一个小时读三篇文章，每篇文章的阅读和解题时间非常短暂。
因此，我们要坚持两点论和重点论相结合的原则，使用略读的技巧在短时间内抓住文章的中心思想、段落大意和长句的要旨。
然后，仔细阅读文章之后的题目，并从中找出关键词或词组，同时迅速扫读，确定题目答案在原文中所对应的大致范围。
然后对相关语段进行仔细阅读。
这样，可以避免或减少对文章中干扰信息的阅读，从而节省时间，提高阅读效率。
II．文章的选材范围剑桥大学考试委员会秉承剑桥大学的作风，奉行高等教育的精英主义理念，反复强调非专业原则和国际化两条原则，体现考试的公平和公正、严肃和全面的特点，所选的文章大多源于世界主流媒体，如Economist , Financial Times，Guardian；政府各部门的社会发展报告，联合国机构的年度报告；某些著名的协会杂志(带有官方色彩)，如Info；英国及欧洲的专业杂志如Arts Management，Arts Education等；70%的自然科学文章选自National Geographic, New Scientist, Science, Popular立场Science和Nature杂志；80%的重大事件（非政治经济），重大发明都选自美国国家地理杂志（National Geographic）雅思是一种语言考试，不是专业测试。
因此，为了让不同政治经济体制，不同肤色，不同文化背景的人能平等参与，法律及专业性较强的医学，生物学，哲学，文学，艺术等的文章已经不再作为其考查范围。
以下几个方面的内容经常作为考点出现：世界范围的就业状况；世界范围内的教育状况，经济发展的问题，机遇及挑战（粮食，能源）；语言学，考古学，生物学，简单医学（单词量不会影响对文章的理解），女权主义及女性歧视问题，环境保护（海洋，生物，陆地，森林等）及环境污染（化学，石油泄漏等），种族，民族问题，人口爆炸及居住问题，城市化及相关问题（交通拥挤，设施缺乏，噪声等），关于地球、自然界的科学现象及地理现象的介绍尤其是以下几种类型：太空，宇宙概况，以及外星生物探讨等，全球气候变暖，厄尔尼诺，洋流异常，臭氧层破坏地球灾难，火山爆发，地震，彗星撞地球，森林大火，生物灭绝，人类历史发展中的重要事件，重要人物及重要标志性产品等等。
自1998年开始，对重要人物的考查总是和重要事件交织在一起，不再单独罗列。
人类历史上的重大发明和表明人类文明辉煌成就的重大事件也是重点考查内容（发明电视，电影，计算机及登陆月球）。
III．文章的语言特点1、段落短小，简明清晰，长句频繁使用段落短小是英美报刊杂志文章的一大特点，一个段落往往就是一句话或两句话。
一般来讲，英美报刊段落大概由60－80个单词组成，平均在4－6行左右。
大多数雅思阅读文章的段落长度也都是在这个范围。
当然，长度很大的段落也屡见不鲜。
另外，报刊一般推崇简明的风格。
这种风格的表现主要是：一是选词精准：记者对所报道的题目一般都比较熟悉，因此能够选用恰当的词汇来表达有关内容，包括一些专业词汇。
总体上新闻的用词都比较普通，某些反复用到的词出现率很高，如报道政治新闻时常见到secretary, congress, senator, representative, scandal, vote, bill一类的词。
偏爱短词是另一大特点，如accord / agreement；back / support；ban / prohibition；bar / prohibit, exclude；envoy / diplomat；drive / campaign, effort；poll / public opinion survey；tot / child，这样的例子屡见不鲜；二是主动语态频繁使用：比较例句：a) Senator Dole planned to announce his resignation from the Senate.和例句：b) To announce his resignation from the Senate was planned by Senator Dole.三是肯定句概率很高：比较例句：a) He was not very often on time. 和例句：b) He usually came late.2、词汇量较大，专业术语较多雅思考试的阅读文章篇幅长，单词难度大，如果要把文章中每个单词都读懂的话，考生估计至少得有8000的词汇量。
文章中出现新单词是司空见惯的现象，不足为奇。
雅思考试阅读部分考察的实际上是考生的整体理解和阅读能力，个别单词的不认识不会妨碍整体的理解。
有时，雅思阅读会对某些不认识的单词给出英文释义，以方便考生的理解。
就单词而言，首先一定要有特定的词汇量。
最好买一本好的词汇书，花点时间在短期内让自己的词汇量有一定提高与突破。
此外，要多用词典，正确理解词汇的用法，熟记例句，做到触类旁通。
这样一来，能够解决考生阅读时词汇量不足和词义不理解的问题。
还有，买一本有关同义词、近义词的书，通过对同义词、近义词的辨析，达到迅速扩大词汇量的目的。
单词要在使用中记忆，不能为了记单词而去记单词，一定要增大阅读量，在阅读中碰到的生单词要仔细查字典并且尽可能地背诵下来，长此以往，词汇量自然会增加不少。
需要指出的是，阅读的同时，一定要理解，理解的重点是把握字里行间的逻辑含义，通过这些逻辑关系把握单词含义，形成猜测单词词义的习惯和能力。
IV．题型复杂多样。
这些题型可以分为八大类：标题对应题、真假判断题、总结题、简答题、句子完成题、图表填空题、配对题、选择题。
题型虽然多样，实质上就是就两种题型：主旨题和细节题。
考生要把握和突破这些题型，一方面要吃透最为权威的雅思阅读试题，至少要对《剑桥雅思》一、二、三、四和五有个全面了解，另外，可以到雅思的官方网站上看看样题。
按照考试规则在有限的时间里进行模拟考试。
平时，将每片文章当成考试题目去对待，这样一来既可以提高速度又可以夯实基础。
做题过程中，要充分发挥主观能动性，多问为什么。
于是，不知不觉中，会掌握一些具体的做题技巧。
因此，碰到困惑时，不要总是求助于参考答案。
考生应该在作完阅读题目后，对文章和题目进行分析，尤其是做错的题目，找出错误的原因，积累深刻的教训和经验，力争未来杜绝类似的错误。
《剑桥雅思》罗列了考试的成熟题型，是了解其精妙的依据。
二、阅读的方法I．总体解题路径：1、浏览文章，锤炼语言理解实力：1）先看标题，对全篇文章应有一个大约的了解；2）再看段落题目，从而知道每段的大概内容；3）注意较深色或额外涂黑的字和其他特殊的字体，帮助了解文章内容；4）看图片，进一步了解内容；2、审读题干，寻找解题源泉1）看指引，了解答题方式；2）看例句，了解正确答题的方向；3）最后，根据题干找到信号词，为回原文定位相关信息找到理由和依据。
II．具体题目的解法：不同的问题需用不同的技巧。
但是，所有题目都有一个共同的特点：定位和同义转述。
所以，务必先读题目，找到答案所处的段落范围。
如已事先清楚每一段的内容大意，就能够迅速定位答案的出处。
了解每个段落的大意不难，根据段落首、二、末句相结合的原则去寻找，段落的主旨唾手可得。
对于细节性的题目，首先要找出问题的关键字句，然后找出其在文章出现的具体位置，再采用同意复述方法，想出可能出现的同义形式，再回到选项，按顺序一个一个对照，确定正确答案。
1、配对题的解法1）审读题目和指示。
找到答题的重要信息。
2）先删掉例句的答案，在自己心中预测有可能的答案，不要随便选择，看到有可能的答案,很多时候会有两三个答案很像正确答案，而真正正确的只有一个。
3）采取先易后难的循序渐进逐一破解。
4）检查答案，确认正确性。
配对题是雅思中唯一不按顺序安排的题，因此要先看完全部题目，再到原文中定位。
2、标题对应题的解法1）对文章要分层、分段，找出主题句。
2）分析主题句的主、次信息。
3）对主题句同义解释。
关键是主题句的判定。
三句话原则：文中的一、二、末句（除非交代background/context, 就不会出现在第二句），多看必扰。
只要含有以下任一内容，就不是主题句: 1example 2data 3quotation 4comparison/contrast 5parallel structure。
需要指出的是，主题可以并必须量化。
作为标题出现的词不可能在题目中出现；简单的词之重复可能是陷阱，除了不能直接替换或不好替换的词可能在题目中直接对应外，其余的不可能对应，寻找关键词的same form/ alteration of word class/synonyms。
判断主题句有困难时，千万要从意群上找出其间的区别和联系；做题的顺序：首先，看heading 列表，找出重要词汇，脑子中想出细化的词（同义匹配）；其次，把握做题的两个方向：不是同义词就是词性转换3、真假判断题（T/F/NG）1）区别提示内容，弄清楚是accurate/inaccurate/not mentioned，还是T/F/NG 还是YES/NO/NG。
2）长句过关：将文章中的相关长句读透，包括字面意思和弦外之音。
3）选true 的情形:（1）题目是对原文的同义转述。
（2）文章和题目都有范围，而题目范围小于文章范围。
（3）题目是对文章几句话的归纳推理。
（4）题目就是文章的观点结论。
4）选选false的情形:（1）直接相反(50%以上都是此类题)：题目将文章内容绝对化。
（2）推理归纳:如果原文中包含条件状语,而在题目中又去除了。
（3）题目跟文章使用了不同的副词(四类:程度高低、范围大小、局部与整体、经常与偶尔)；死记三组反义词：理论和事实相反，政治与经济相反，正在做的与打算做的相反。
5）选NG的情形:（1）题目范围大于文章。
（2）可能限定：题干将原文信息加入一定可能成立的条件。
（3）题目和文章各说各的没有关联性。
（4）题干中有比较级，原文却没有。