专四词汇与语法汇总

bear，endure，stand，tolerate都含有一定的"忍耐、忍受"之意在表示忍受pain，suffering，hardship等时，在许多情况下这四个词可以互换使用；通常与can或cannot连用bear 强调忍受者对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力（常用于否定句中）endure (=bear bravely)指经受长期的艰难、困苦或折磨而不屈服，强调持久力和意志坚强（常用于否定句中）stand 强调不屈不挠或经受得起（常用于否定句中）tolerate指忍受某人或某种行为而不反抗，语气最弱（即可用于肯定句也可用于否定句）He quietly endures the pain of a loveless marriage.他默默地忍受着没有爱情的婚姻的煎熬。

The sorrow was almost more than she could bear.她几乎忍受不了那种悲伤。

I can’t stand hot weather.我受不了热天。

A government that refuses to tolerate opposition cannot last long.一个不听取反对意见的政府是不会长久的。

It’s hard for people to put up with that kind of treatment.人们很难忍受那种待遇。

assure，ensure，insure与reassure 区别assure，ensure，insure与reassure这四个单词可谓是形近意似，但用法却不无区别。

㈠assure▲assure用来表示向某人保证某事将要发生，既可以用来确证某事，也可以表示使某人确信（If you ASSURE a person of something，you promise them or tell them that）。

assure的宾语通常是人或人称代词，所以不能直接搭用that －clause。

其常用结构为：assuresb．ofsth．／as-。

①He assured us of his ability to solve the problem．他向我们保证他有能力解决这个问题。

②We booked early to assure ourselves of（getting）good seats．我们及早订座以保证我们能得到好座位。

▲assure后还可跟抽象名词作宾语，此时与ensure同义，表示确保。

①Weeks of practice assured ／ensured success in the match．几个星期的训练确保了在比赛中获得成功。

②Nothing can assure permanent peace．没有什么能确保永久和平。

▲assure在英国英语中作为专业术语，可表示投人寿保险。

to insure ／assure against death投保寿险（life assurance ／insurance人寿保险）㈡ensure▲ensure的意思是使某行为或某件事的结果得以保证，即确保某事发生（to make sure that sth．happens）。

ensure后可以直接跟that-clause，并可以用复合宾语。

常用结构为：ensure sth．／ensure ＋that －clause ／en-sure ＋obj．（i）＋obj．（d）①To ensure the childs quick recovery，the doctor gave him an antibiotic．为使这个孩子尽快恢复，医生给他打了一剂抗生素。

②Registration ensures delivery of mail．挂号寄邮件保证会送到。

▲ensure也可以表示确保安全，免遭伤害。

To ensure freedom against tyranny反对暴政，维护自由▲在美语中ensure常拼写为insure。

㈢insure 意思是为防不测向保险公司付钱投保（to pay money to an insurance company against future disaster）。

①My house is insured against fire．我的房子保了火险。

②Are you insured for all risks？你是不是给自己保了综合险？㈣reassure表示安慰忧虑不安的人，使其安心，放心，恢复信心（to comfort someone who is anxious and make him ／her free from fear or wor- ry；to bring back confidence to．．．）。

常用结构为：reassure sb．（about sth．）／reassure sb．＋that-clause①I was worried that my work wasnt good enough，but the teacherreassured me（about it）．我担心我的作业不够好，可是老师却让我放心。

②The captain reassured the passengers about the strength of theship．那位船长向乘客保证船很坚固，要他们安心。

专四辅导系列之丛书系列语法练习英语专四语法与词汇练习题111.First published in 1927, the charts remain an _______ source for researchers.A intelligentB indispensableC inevitableD identical2. Please___ dictionaries when you are not sure of____ word spelling or meaning.A searchB seekC inquireD consult3. It ____ you to at least 50% off the regular price of either frames or lenses when you buy both.A creditsB entitlesC presentsD tips4. The __ at the military academy is so rigid that students can hardly bear it.A confinementB conventionC disciplineD principle5. Doctors warned agaisnt chewing tobacco as a _____ for smoking.A successionB substituteC revivalD relief答案1-5BDBCB1.选B indispensable to do sth, indispensable for sth/ doing sth 不可缺少的,必需的inevitable 不可避免的，必然发生的identical同一的,identical to/with sb/sth与……完全相同的2.选D consult with sb 与某人商量,consult查阅3. 选B entitle sb to sth(用于被动语态) 给某人获得某事物或权利4. 选C discipline 训练方式,处罚confinement限制，监禁convention大会5.选B substitute 代替, 替用品revival恢复，苏醒英语专四语法与词汇练习题121.She managed to save__ she could out of her wages to help her brother.A how little moneyB so little moneyC such little moneyD what little money2. The statue would be perfect but for a few small__ in its base.A mistakesB weaknessC flawsD errors3. The morning news says a school bus__ with a train at the junction and a group of policmen were sent there immediately.A bumpedB collidedC crashedD struck4. The screaming of a woman____ our attention back_____ the TV program.B got...onC called...toD drew...over5. This typerwriter is____ your service.A atB inC onD under答案解析：1.选D. what little+n表"所仅有的"2.选C flaw"缺陷，瑕疵，裂痕" There is only a flaw in his argument.mistake和error强调的是"错误"，weakness"弱点"3.选B collide 碰撞，撞The two cars collided, but luckily no one was seriously hurt. strike打，袭击，攻击He struck the boy a violent blow.bump碰，冲撞，偶遇I bumped into an old friend of mine on the road.crash碰撞，坠落The car crashed into a tree.4.选C call(draw) one's attention to 将某人的注意力吸引到……pay attention to 注意，重视Please pay attention to your spellings.5.选A at one's service 听候某人吩咐，听凭某人使用.(其他没有如此搭配)英语专四语法与词汇练习题131. We are writing to the manager_ _the repairs recently carried out at the above address.A with the exceptionB with the purpose ofC with reference toD with a view to2.Then the speaker__ the various factors leading to the present economic crisis.B went intoC went forD went on3.Theory is based on practice and __ serves and guides practice.A in turnB by turnsC in returnD taking turns4. We hadn’t realized tha t there would be a power cut so we were astonished when the whole house was__ into darkness.A droppedB divedC drownedD plunged5. The school committee naturally hope that their choice of play will be __ with the school and parents.A contentB pleasedC favorableD popular1-5 CBADD1.选C with reference to 关于，根据With a view to 以……为目标，指望于2.选B go into讨论，议论，详述They went into it for several hours, without much satisfaction on either side.go for袭击，抨击His opponent went for him when his back was turned.我要收藏go on进行，发生If you never read newspaper, you’ll never know what’s going on in the world.3. 选A in turn 依次，反过来They speak in turn.in return 作为回报I helped her repair her bike, and she treated me to a cup of coffee in return.by turns 轮流They laughed and cried by turns.take turns (at ) doing sth 轮流做某事The three brothers took turns (at) looking after their mother.4. 选D plunge into陷于某种状态The country was plunged into a war.5.选D be popular with受到……的喜爱be content with对某事感到满足We are not content with our present achievement.be pleased with 对……感到满意，高兴I am very pleased with he has done.Favorable 顺利的，有利的The weather is favorable to us for a start.来英语专四语法与词汇练习题141.The policeman stopped him when he was driving home and __ him of speed.A chargedB accusedC blamedD warned2. The public opinion was that the time was not__ for the election of such a radical candidate as Mr. Jones.A reasonableB ripeC readyD practical3. The managing director took the __ for the accident, although it was not really his fault.A guiltB blameC chargeD accusation4. Barry had an advantage over his mother__ he could speak French.A since thatB in thatC at thatD so that5. Very few scientists__ completely new answers to the world’s problems.A come up withB come outC come roundD come up to答案1-5 BBBBA1、B accuse of 指控某人犯……罪He was accused of corruption.charge with指控某人犯……罪He was charged with negligence of duty.blame sb for 因……埋怨，责怪Movies have been blamed for the crime wave.warn sb of 警告，告戒某人He was warned of the danger.2、B ripe引申为“时机成熟的，准备好的”I won’t tell her the news until the time is ripe for it.ready for做好准备的Are you ready for the journey?3、B take the blame for sth对某事负责，内疚We are ready to take the blame for that.4、B in that 由于，因为Human beings are superior to animals in that they can use language as a tool to communicate.5、A come up with提出，提供He claimed to have been the first to come up with that idea.come out 出现，显露，出版，发表When will his new book come out?come round/ around 顺便来访，改变主意He will never come round to our way of thinking.come up to达到，符合Only in this way will you come up to the Party’s expectations.英语专四语法与词汇练习题151.The political future of the president is now hanging by a __.A threadB cordC stringD rope2.The question is still__ discussion.A inB byC forD under3.We managed to reach the top of the mountain, and half an hour later we began to __.A ascendB descendC declineD plunge4.To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must__ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world-market demand.A improveB enhanceC guaranteeD gear5.There has been a __ lack of communication between the union and the management.A regretfulB regrettableC regrettingD regretted答案：1-5ADBDB1.选A 四个选项都有“绳索”这个意思，但只有thread和hang by构成习语：hang by a thread千钧一发，危在旦夕2.选D be+ prep+n(表动作的名词)来表示“被动”而under discussion是习惯搭配3.选B descend 指人，物体从某一高度/斜面上“下来/降”On turning the corner, we saw that the road descended sharply.decline 强调权利，繁荣，成就，健康状况，体力，记忆，数量的“减少，衰落”His influence declined after he lost the election.ascend渐渐上升，descend的反义词。