ex3-2_review
主语从句的语序
Period 3 Learning about LanguageTeaching Goals:1. To get Ss to know how to use new words and phrases.2. To help Ss to master some new words and expressions.3. To get Ss to have the knowledge of this grammar point: noun clauses as the subject Teaching Procedures:Step 1.ConsolidationPurpose: To consolidate the words and phrases in the text.1. Ask Ss to work in groups and read the text again, and then finish Ex1 and Ex2 on P28 and check the answers in groups.2. Ask Ss to keep the words they filled in Ex1 in heart.3. Ask Ss to finish Ex3 and then let them check each other’s answers.Step 2. GrammarPurpose:To get Ss to recognize noun clauses as the subject and to make sure that they can do some simple exercises.1. Divide Ss into four groups and ask them to finish Ex1 of Discovering Useful Structures on P29. And then let them draw a conclusion about the grammar point. See which group understand it best and have a member of the group present before the class.2. After the presentation, explain the grammar point for Ss.3.Let Ss complete Ex2 on page 29 after learning the grammar.Purpose: To get Ss to understand the usage of noun clauses as the subject.(1) 主语从句的语序主语从句要求使用陈述句语序，而非一般疑问句语序。
北师大高中英语必修四教案
北师大高中英语必修四教案篇一：北师大高中英语必修四 unit10 lesson1教案UNIT 10 MoneyLesson 1 A material WorldⅠ.Teaching aims:1. Talk about the different values of money, and guide the students to build correct views2. Practice the students’ expressing ability3. Review and practice the use of attributive clause and adverbial clause, grasp the use of determiners: all, none, both, neither, another, other.Ⅱ.Teaching key and difficult points:Teaching key: understand the text and using your own words to retell the text.Difficult point：how to use phrases: turn one’s back on, give away, feel like, etc.Ⅲ. Teaching methods:1. Raising question approach2. Discussion approach3. Task-based approachIV. Knowledge aims:Words: millionaire, appreciate, enjoyable. achievePhrases: drea m up, turn one’s back on, give up, make choice, give away, feel like, drop outSentences:1. They spend half their time dreaming up ways of getting rich, and the rest of their time thinking about all the enjoyable things they would do once they got rich.2. But do all millionaires find the happiness that they thought they would get when they achieve their goals?3. Today he lives in small dormitory room where there is only second-hand furniture.4. Charles believes that many people want to earn alot of money so that they will not have any worries. Grammar:spend +time/money on sth /(in) doing sth; make sure + that(clause); continue to do /doing sth; be pleased to do sth; be tired of /from;V. Teaching steps:Step 1 Lead-in1. Ask the Ss to answer the following questions:1). Would you like to be a millionaire? Why or whynot ？2). What can money buy? What can't money buy?3). Money can buy many things. Is money everything?4). Ask students to guess the meaning, "Money talks" "Money makes the mare go". Do you think so?5). Someone say "Money is the root of all evil." Right?6) Do you think money makes you happy? Are there more important things in life?Step 2 Listening prehensionsT: Now listen to the cassette you will know why there are such people that don't want to be a millionaire.Then ask the students to answer the question.Step 3 Fast- readingTell the students the task of reading before they read the text.1) Understand the main idea of this passage ,and you can retell it by yourself.2) Decide if these statements below are true (T),false (F) or there is no information (NI)1.Charles Gray was a rich businessman. (F)2.He hasn't got a stove in his dormitory. (NI)3.He has got a vegetable garden. (T)4.Charles gave his money away to poor people. (T)5. People thought he was drunk when he gave away small bank notes in the street. (NI)6. He was happier when he was rich.(F)Step 4 Careful- reading1)Read the text aloud ,then answer the questions1. What was Charles' life like in the past?2.Why didn't Charles want to be a rich man?3. How did he deal with his money?4 How about his life now?5. How does he feel now? good or bad?2) DiscussionHow do you think the choice of Charles? Discuss your opinions with your partners.Step 5 Language points and vocabulary1) determine与determineddetermine vt./vi. 决定；确定 determine to do sth. 下决心做某事（表动作）determined adj. 有决心的；坚决的be determined to do sth.决心做某事（表状态）2) concerned adj. 担心的；烦恼的；忧虑的be concerned about sth忙于/关心（某事）；be concerned with sth.与某事有关as far as sb./sth. is concerned 就某人或某事而言As far as the present situations are concerned , it is really difficult fir you to join the the pany.3)spend money/time on sth/(in) doing sthe.g: I spend five yuan on this book./I spend five yuan buying this book.4）dream up 空想、虚构 e.g:He dreams the whole thing up. dream of/about sth/doing sth 梦到某事、梦到做某事e.g：The homeless child often dreamt about(或 of) home. When I was young I dreamed of being a scientist5）make sure "确保，确定"，后面常接of短语或that,what引导的宾语从句.e.g: Will you make sure of his ing ?/ Will you make sure that he will e?6) turn one’s back on 拒绝；不理睬e.g: Did you really turn your back on his invitation?turn one's back to 转身；背向着e.g: The teacher turned his back to his students and found a boy making face.7）pleased 高兴的，满意的 be pleased with sth/to do sth e.g: We are all pleased with the good results.I’m pleased to take you to the airport.8) be tired of/from 对??感到厌倦/因??感到疲倦e.g: I’m tired of living abroad. He is tired from walking.9) give away分发；泄漏（秘密）；出卖；赠送给e.g: I know you didn't want to give your friend away.Wang ming gave many possessions away when the earthquake happened in Yaan.10) feel like doing sth 想要做某事e.g: I was so angry that I felt like throwing something at him.11) drop out（of）退出；退学e.g: Teenagers who drop out of high school have trouble findingjobs.Step 6 GrammarFirst let the Ss look at Page 92 Grammar Summary 1-3.不定代词有both, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, few, some, any, each, every, no, none 等，重点掌握：1)both, either, neither2) one, another, the other3) little, a little, few, a few4) some / any, no / none, each / every, many / muchEx1: Complete this interview with Paul McGinty, a millionaire. Choose the correct word from the brackets. one in New York. you haven't got? got.It's difficultto find. exactly?Mr McGinty: Well, that's a difficult question. I'm a busy man I've EX2:Put all, both, none or neither inthe gaps.(Ex.6)I'm not very careful with money. I spend (1) ___ of it very fast and save (2) _____of it. (3) ______ my parents get angry with me, especially my dad. And now (4) ______ of my parents give me money. But I'm a very happy person. anothe(5) ____ my friends like me and (6) ____ of them say I'm greedy.(1) all(2) none(3) Both(4) neither(5) All(6) noneEx3: Fill in the blanks with another, the other, other or the second.1. Some people are greedy, ______ people are generous. (other)2. My friend Susan never saves money, but _______friend of mine, Mark, never spends a penny. (another)篇二：北师大版高一英语必修四教案教学设计Teaching plan for unit 10, Module IV，BNUP(北师大版高一英语必修四教案教学设计)李永成Lesson 1 A Material WorldWarm-upI. Objectivesd selling.II. Lead-in:Some sayings in Chinese that refer to money:“有钱能使鬼推磨。
EMSS包的中文名字：EM-类型估计方法包说明书
Package‘EMSS’October12,2022Type PackageTitle Some EM-Type Estimation Methods for the Heckman Selection ModelVersion1.1.1AuthorKexuan Yang<****************>,Sang Kyu Lee<****************>,Jun Zhao<***********************>,and H oung-Moon Kim<*****************>Maintainer Sang Kyu Lee<****************>Description Some EM-type algorithms to estimate parameters for the well-known Heckman selec-tion model are provided in the package.Such algorithms are as fol-low:ECM(Expectation/Conditional Maximization),ECM(NR)(the Newton-Raphson method is adapted to the ECM)and ECME(Expectation/Conditional Maximization Ei-ther).Since the algorithms are based on the EM algorithm,they also have EM’s main advan-tages,namely,stability and ease of implementation.Further details and explanations of the algo-rithms can be found in Zhao et al.(2020)<doi:10.1016/j.csda.2020.106930>.Depends R(>=2.10)License GPL-2Encoding UTF-8LazyData trueRoxygenNote7.1.2Imports sampleSelection,mvtnormBugReports https:///SangkyuStat/EMSS/issuesURL https:///SangkyuStat/EMSSSuggests testthatNeedsCompilation noRepository CRANDate/Publication2022-01-1017:12:42UTC12coef.EMSS R topics documented:coef.EMSS (2)confint.EMSS (3)EMSS (4)Smoke (6)summary.EMSS (7)vcov.EMSS (8)Index10 coef.EMSS Getting Coefficients of EM type Sample Selection Model FitsDescriptioncoef method for a class"EMSS".Usage##S3method for class EMSScoef(object,only=NULL,...)Argumentsobject an object of class"EMSS"made by the function EMSS.only a character value for choosing specific variable’s coefficients.Initial value is NULL,which shows all variable’s coefficients.If"response"is written,only co-efficients for response variables will be returned,and if"selection"is written,only coefficients for selection variables will be returned....not used,but exists because of the compatibility.Valuea numeric vector or a list,containing one set or two sets,is given.Examples#examples continued from EMSSdata(Smoke,package="EMSS")ex1<-EMSS(response=cigs_intervals~educ,selection=smoker~educ+age,data=Smoke)coef(ex1)data(Smoke,package="EMSS")ex2<-EMSS(response=cigs_intervals~educ,selection=smoker~educ+age,data=Smoke,method="ECMnr")confint.EMSS3 coef(ex2)##example using random numbers with exclusion restrictionN<-1000errps<-mvtnorm::rmvnorm(N,c(0,0),matrix(c(1,0.5,0.5,1),2,2))xs<-runif(N)ys<-xs+errps[,1]>0xo<-runif(N)yo<-(xo+errps[,2])*(ys>0)ex3<-EMSS(response=yo~xo,selection=ys~xs,initial.param=c(rep(0,4),0.3,0.6),method="ECMnr")coef(ex3)confint.EMSS Getting Confidence Intervals for Parameters of EM type Sample Se-lection Model FitsDescriptionconfint method for a class"EMSS".Usage##S3method for class EMSSconfint(object,parm,level=0.95,...)Argumentsobject an object of class"EMSS"made by the function EMSS.parm not used,but exists because of the compatibility.level a numeric value between0and1for controlling the significance level of confi-dence interval;default value is0.95....not used,but exists because of the compatibility.Examples#examples continued from EMSSdata(Smoke,package="EMSS")ex1<-EMSS(response=cigs_intervals~educ,selection=smoker~educ+age,data=Smoke)confint(ex1)data(Smoke,package="EMSS")ex2<-EMSS(response=cigs_intervals~educ,4EMSS selection=smoker~educ+age,data=Smoke,method="ECMnr")confint(ex2)##example using random numbers with exclusion restrictionN<-1000errps<-mvtnorm::rmvnorm(N,c(0,0),matrix(c(1,0.5,0.5,1),2,2))xs<-runif(N)ys<-xs+errps[,1]>0xo<-runif(N)yo<-(xo+errps[,2])*(ys>0)ex3<-EMSS(response=yo~xo,selection=ys~xs,initial.param=c(rep(0,4),0.3,0.6),method="ECMnr")confint(ex3)EMSS EM type Estimation Methods for the Heckman’s Sample SelectionModelDescriptionSome algorithms:ECM,ECMnr and ECME can be used to estimate parameters in Heckman selection model and contain the advantages of the EM algorithm:easy implementation and numerical stability."ECMnr"stands for Expectation/Conditioncal Maximization with Newton-Raphson,and"ECME"for Expectation/Conditional Maximization Either.UsageEMSS(response,selection,data,method="ECM",initial.param=NULL,eps=10^(-10))Argumentsresponse a formula for the response equation.selection a formula for the selection equation.data a data frame and data has to be included with the form of data.frame.EMSS5method a character indicating which method to be used.ECM stands for Expectation Con-ditional Maximization,and ECMnr stands for Expectation Conditioncal Maxi-mization with Newton-Raphson,and ECME for Expectation Conditional Maxi-mization Either.initial.param a vector,initial parameter values for the estimation.The length of the initial parameters has to be same as the length of parameters,which are to be estimated.eps a numerical error value for the end of the loop.A minimum value that can be arbitrarily set to terminate the iteration of the function,in order tofind theoptimal parameter estimation.DetailsThe dependent variable of the selection equation(specified by argument selection)must have ex-actly two levels(e.g.,’FALSE’and’TRUE’,or’0’and’1’).The default argument method is"ECM"and the default start values("NULL")are obtained by two-step estimation of this model through the command selection from the package sampleSelection.NA’s are allowed in the data.These are ignored if the corresponding outcome is unobserved,otherwise observations which contain NA (either in selection or outcome)are changed to0.ValueECM returns an object of class"ECM".The object class"ECM"is a list containing the following components.call a matched call.estimate_responseestimated regression coefficients for the response formula.estimate_selectionestimated regression coefficients for the sample selection formula.estimate_sigma an estimated scale paramter for the bivariate normal distribution.estimate_rho an estimated correlation coefficient for the bivariate normal distribution.hessian_mat hessian matrix for parameters.resp_leng the numbers of coefficients for the response formulaselect_leng the numbers of coefficients for the selection formulaQ_value the vallue of the Q function for EM type algorithmsnames_response names of regression coefficients for the reponse formula.names_selectionnames of regression coefficients for the selection formula.BackgroundHeckman selection model is classic to deal with the data where the outcome is partially observed and the missing part is not at random.Heckman(1979)developed2-step and maximum likelihood estimation(MLE)to do the estimation for this selection model.And these two method are described in R package sampleSelection by Toomet and Henningsen(2008).Zhelonkin et al.(2016)devel-oped robust2-stage method which performs more robustly than the2-step method to deal with the6Smoke data where outlying observations exist and ssmrob package is available.Zhao et al.(2020)extended EM algorithm to more general cases resulting in three algorithms:ECM,ECM(NR),and ECME.They also own EM algorithm’s main advantages,namely,stability and ease of implementation. ReferencesHeckman,J.(1979)Sample selection bias as a specication error.Econometrica,47,153-161.Toomet,O.and Henningsen,A.(2008)Sample selection models in R:Package sampleSelection.Journal of Statistical Software,27,1-23.Zhao,J.,Kim,H.-J.and Kim,H.-M.(2020)New EM-type algorithms for the Heckman selection putational Statistics and Data Analysis,146,https:///10.1016/j.csda.2020.106930.Zhelonkin,M.,Genton,M.G.and Ronchetti,E.(2016)Robust inference in sample selection models.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B,78,805-827.Examplesdata(Smoke,package="EMSS")ex1<-EMSS(response=cigs_intervals~educ,selection=smoker~educ+age,data=Smoke)print(ex1)data(Smoke,package="EMSS")ex2<-EMSS(response=cigs_intervals~educ,selection=smoker~educ+age,data=Smoke,method="ECMnr")print(ex2)##example using random numbers with exclusion restrictionN<-1000errps<-mvtnorm::rmvnorm(N,c(0,0),matrix(c(1,0.5,0.5,1),2,2))xs<-runif(N)ys<-xs+errps[,1]>0xo<-runif(N)yo<-(xo+errps[,2])*(ys>0)ex3<-EMSS(response=yo~xo,selection=ys~xs,initial.param=c(rep(0,4),0.3,0.6),method="ECMnr")print(ex3)Smoke Survey Data on Smoking BehaviourDescriptionThe Data is the subset of the original data from Mullahy(1985)and Mullahy(1997).The dataset is from Wooldridge(2009)used for researches on cross sectinal data studies.The dataset is also available from Smoke from the package sampleSelection.summary.EMSS7Usagedata(Smoke,package="EMSS")Formata dataframe with807observations and8variables as below:educ years of schooling(numeric)age age of respondents(numeric)cigpric cigarette price(state),cents per pack(numeric)income annual income in us dollar(numeric)restaurn state smoking restrictions for restaurants exist or not(categorical)smoker smoked at least once or not(categorical)cigs_intervals number of cigarettes smoked per day,with interval boundaries:0,5,10,20,50(nu-meric)cigs number of cigarettes smoked per day(numeric)SourceWooldridge’s dataset is available on https:///p/boc/bocins/smoke.html# biblio.ReferencesJeffrey,M.Wooldridge(2009)Introductory Econometrics:A modern approach,Canada:South-Western Cengage Learning.Mullahy,John(1985)Cigarette Smoking:Habits,Health Concerns,and Heterogeneous Unob-servables in a Microeconometric Analysis of Consumer Demand,Ph.D.dissertation,University of Virginia.Mullahy,John(1997),Instrumental-Variable Estimation of Count Data Models:Applications to Models of Cigarette Smoking Behavior,Review of Economics and Statistics,79,596-593. summary.EMSS Summarizing EM type Sample Selection Model FitsDescriptionsummary method for a class"EMSS".Usage##S3method for class EMSSsummary(object,tidy=FALSE,conf.int=FALSE,conf.level=0.95,...)##S3method for class summary.EMSSprint(x,digits=max(3,getOption("digits")-3),...)Argumentsobject an object of class"EMSS"made by the function EMSS.tidy a logical value stands for whether the summary format is in tidy format or not, if TRUE,the summary function will return a tidy format.conf.int a logical value stands for whether the confidence interval is included in the tiny format or not.If TRUE,confidence intervals are included.If tidy=FALSE,thisparameter does not control anything.conf.level a numeric value between0and1for controlling the significance level of confi-dence interval;default value is0.95....not used,but exists because of the compatibility.x an object of class"summary.EMSS".digits a numeric number of significant digits.Examples#examples continued from EMSSdata(Smoke,package="EMSS")ex1<-EMSS(response=cigs_intervals~educ,selection=smoker~educ+age,data=Smoke)summary(ex1)data(Smoke,package="EMSS")ex2<-EMSS(response=cigs_intervals~educ,selection=smoker~educ+age,data=Smoke,method="ECMnr")summary(ex2)##example using random numbers with exclusion restrictionN<-1000errps<-mvtnorm::rmvnorm(N,c(0,0),matrix(c(1,0.5,0.5,1),2,2))xs<-runif(N)ys<-xs+errps[,1]>0xo<-runif(N)yo<-(xo+errps[,2])*(ys>0)ex3<-EMSS(response=yo~xo,selection=ys~xs,initial.param=c(rep(0,4),0.3,0.6),method="ECMnr")summary(ex3)vcov.EMSS Getting Variance-Covariance Matrix for Parameters of EM type Sam-ple Selection Model FitsDescriptionvcov method for a class"EMSS".Usage##S3method for class EMSSvcov(object,...)Argumentsobject an object of class"EMSS"made by the function EMSS....not used,but exists because of the compatibility. Examples#examples continued from EMSSdata(Smoke,package="EMSS")ex1<-EMSS(response=cigs_intervals~educ,selection=smoker~educ+age,data=Smoke)vcov(ex1)data(Smoke,package="EMSS")ex2<-EMSS(response=cigs_intervals~educ,selection=smoker~educ+age,data=Smoke,method="ECMnr")vcov(ex2)##example using random numbers with exclusion restrictionN<-1000errps<-mvtnorm::rmvnorm(N,c(0,0),matrix(c(1,0.5,0.5,1),2,2)) xs<-runif(N)ys<-xs+errps[,1]>0xo<-runif(N)yo<-(xo+errps[,2])*(ys>0)ex3<-EMSS(response=yo~xo,selection=ys~xs,initial.param=c(rep(0,4),0.3,0.6),method="ECMnr") vcov(ex3)Index∗datasetsSmoke,6coef.EMSS,2confint.EMSS,3EMSS,4print.summary.EMSS(summary.EMSS),7 Smoke,6,6summary.EMSS,7vcov.EMSS,810。
DC2359A demo 说明书
Description High Efficiency Synchronous Step-Down Regulator with Ultralow Quiescent CurrentDemonstration circuit 2359A is a synchronous step-down regulator using L TC®3624HMSE monolithic buck regulator. The DC2359A operates from an input voltage range of 2.7V to 17V and provides and adjustable output voltage range from 1.2V to 5V (V OUT < V IN) at 2A of continuous output current. A user-selectable mode input is provided with the following options: Burst Mode® operation provides the highest efficiency at light loads, while Pulse-Skipping mode (PS) provides the lowest output voltage ripples. Forced Continuous mode (FC) is also available for low EMI and noise interference.The MODE/SYNC pin can also be used to synchronize the switching frequency to an external clock signal. The switching frequency is fixed at 1MHz with a ±40% synccapture range.The regulator features ultralow quiescent current and high efficiencies over a wide V IN and V OUT range. DC2359A L, L T, L TC, L TM, Linear Technology, the Linear logo and Burst Mode are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.performance summaryuses very low profile surface mount components and allceramic output capacitor solutions. The compact 12-leadMSE (5mm × 4mm × 1mm) thermally enhanced packagemakes LTC3624HMSE an excellent choice for batterypowered equipment, emergency radio and general pur-pose step-down power supplies. The H-Grade version isspecified over an operating junction temperature rangeof –40°C to 150°C, typically required for automotive, in-dustrial and military applications that are subject to highambient temperatures.It is recommended to read the data sheet and demo manualof LTC3624 prior using or making any changes to DC2359A.Design files for this circuit board are available at/demo/DC2359A Specifications are at T A = 25°CPARAMETER CONDITIONS VALUEInput Voltage Range 2.7V to 17VOn Board User Selectable Output Voltages V IN = 2.7V to 17V, I OUT = 2A(V OUT < V IN)1.2V, 1.8V,2.5V,3.3V and 5VDefault Mode Setting JP2Burst Mode (“BM” on Circuit Board)Fixed Switching Frequency Internally Programmed Frequency1MHz ±20%Default Output Voltage V OUT V IN = 12V, V OUT = 5V, I OUT = 0A to 2A5V ±2%Maximum Continuous Output Current I OUT2AOutput Voltage Ripples (Peak to Peak)V IN = 12V, V OUT = 5V, I OUT = 2A8.8mV (Figure 7)Load T ransient Response V IN = 12V, V OUT = 5V, I OUT_STEP = 1A to 2A,C OUT = 1 × 47µF219mV (Figure 8)Thermal Performance V IN = 12V, V OUT = 5V, I OUT = 2A,f SW = 1MHz, T A = 25°CFigure 9Efficiency V IN = 12V, V OUT = 5V, I OUT = 2A, BM,f SW = 1MHz, T A = 25°C89.7% (Figure 3)1dc2359afbQuick start proceDureDemonstration circuit 2359A is easy to set up to evaluate the performance of the LTC3624HMSE. Please refer to Figure 1 for proper measurement equipment setup and follow the procedure below:1. Place jumpers in the following positions for a typical 5V output application:Table 1. Typical 5V Output Voltage Jumper SelectionJP1JP2JP7RUN MODE/SYNC V OUTON BM 5.0V2. With power off, connect the input power supply at V IN (E1) and GND (E2)3. Connect the Load between V OUT (E8) and GND (E9). Preset the load to 0A.4. Connect the DMMs to the input and output to monitor the input voltage and output voltage.5. Turn on the power supply at the input. The RUN pin jumper should be at “ON” position. Measure and make sure the input supply voltage is 12V. The output voltage should be 5V ±2%.6. Once the input and output voltages are properly es-tablished, adjust the loads within the operating range (0A to 2A Max) and observe the output voltage regula-tion, output voltage ripple, switch node waveform and other parameters. Refer to Figure 2 for proper output voltage ripple measurement.7. To select other output voltages, use the on board user selectable output voltage jumpers. Shutting down LTC3624HMSE by placing RUN pin jumper (JP1) to the OFF position or turn off the input power supply. Refer to the following table (Table 2) for the output voltage selection and repeat step 2 to 6.Table 2. Output Voltage Jumper SelectionJP3JP4JP5JP6JP7JP8*1.2V 1.8V2.5V3.3V5V User Select*If JP8 is selected, R6 needs to be calculated and inserted to obtain the desired output voltage.NOTE 1: To measure the input/output voltage ripple prop-erly, do not use the long ground lead on the oscilloscope probe. See Figure 2 for the proper scope probe technique. Short, stiff leads need to be soldered to the (+) and (–) terminals of an output capacitor. The probe’s ground ring needs to touch the (–) lead and the probe tip needs to touch the (+) lead.NOTE 2: The DC2359A can also be used to evaluate the LTC3624HMSE-2 (2.25MHz) by simply replacing U1 with the LTC3624HMSE-2 and changing inductor L1 to 1.5µH (Coilcraft XAL4020-152ME).2dc2359afb3dc2359afbFigure 2. Scope Probe Placement for Measuring Output Voltage RippleFigure 1. Proper Measurement Equipment SetupQuick start proceDure4dc2359afbFigure 5. Burst Mode – Efficiency vs Load Current at 5V INFigure 6. Forced Continuous Mode – Efficiency vs Load Current at 5V INFigure 3. Burst Mode – Efficiency vs Load Current at 12V INFigure 4. Forced Continuous Mode – Efficiency vs Load Current at 12V INQuick start proceDureLOAD CURRENT (A)70E F F I C I E N C Y (%)75808590DC2359a F036560555095100LOAD CURRENT (A)E F F I C I E N C Y (%)10095857565559080706050DC2359a F04LOAD CURRENT (A)E F F I C I E N C Y (%)10095857565559080706050DC2359a F06LOAD CURRENT (A)70E F F I C I E N C Y (%)75808590DC2359a F0565605550951005dc2359afbQuick start proceDureFigure 7. Measured Output Voltage Ripplet(1µs/DIV)DC2359a F07V OUT 20mV/DIVVSW 10V/DIVf SW = 1MHz V IN = 12V V OUT = 5V I LOAD = 2A L = 3.3µHC OUT = 1x 47µF/6.3V/X5R/120620MHz BW LIMITV P-P = 8.8mV6dc2359afbFigure 8. Load T ransient ResponseQuick start proceDuret(50µs/DIV)V OUT 200mV/DIVI OUT 1A/DIVf SW = 1MHz V IN = 12V V OUT = 5VI LOAD = 1A TO 2A L = 3.3µHC OUT = 1x 47µF/6.3V/X5R/1206CFF = 15pF20MHz BW LIMITV P-P = 219mV1A TO 2ADC2359a F087dc2359afbQuick start proceDureFigure 9. Thermal PerformanceV IN = 12V V OUT = 5V I LOAD = 2A L = 3.3µH f SW = 1MHzNO FORCED AIRFLOW T A= 25°CDC2359a F09parts ListITEM QTY REFERENCE PART DESCRIPTION MANUFACTURER/PART NUMBER Required Circuit Components11CFF CAP, 0402 15pF 1% 50V NPO AVX 04025U150FAT2A21CIN CAP, 47μF 20% 20V 33mΩPANASONIC OSCON 20SVPA47M32C2, C3CAP, 1206 22μF 10% 25V X5R MURATA GRM31CR61E226KE15L41C4CAP, 1206 47μF 20% 6.3V X5R TAIYO YUDEN JMK316BJ476ML-T51C8CAP, 0603 2.2μF 10% 10V X5R AVX 0603ZD225KAT2A61L1IND, 3.3μH XAL4030-332ME72R1, RSET RES, 0402 619kΩ 1% 1/16W VISHAY CRCW0402619KFKED81R2RES, 0402 309kΩ 1% 1/16W VISHAY CRCW0402309KFKED91R3RES, 0402 196kΩ 1% 1/16W VISHAY CRCW0402196KFKEA101R4RES, 0402 137kΩ 1% 1/16W VISHAY CRCW0402137KFKED111R5RES, 0402 84.5kΩ 1% 1/16W VISHAY CRCW040284K5FKED122R7, R12RES, 0402 0Ω JUMPER VISHAY CRCW04020000Z0ED131R11RES, 0402 1MΩ 5% 1/16W VISHAY CRCW04021M00JNEDLINEAR TECH LTC3624HMSE#PBF 141U1IC, MONOLITHIC SYNCHRONOUS BUCKREGULATORAdditional Demo Board Circuit Components10C5CAP, 1206 22μF 20% 6.3V X5R OPTION TAIYO YUDEN EMK316BJ226ML-T OPTION 20C6CAP, 1210 OPTION OPTION30C7CAP, 0402 OPTION OPTION40R6, R8, R9, R10RES, 0402 OPTION OPTIONHardwareTURRET MILL-MAX 2501-2-00-80-00-00-07-0 110E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6, E7, E8,E9, E1021JP1HEADER, 3-PIN, 2mm SAMTEC TMM-103-02-L-S31JP2HEADER, 4-PIN, 2mm SAMTEC TMM-104-02-L-S46JP3, JP4, JP5, JP6, JP7, JP8HEADER, 2-PIN, 2mm SAMTEC TMM 102-02-L-S54MH1, MH2, MH3, MH4STANDOFF, SNAP ON KEYSTONE 883363XJP1, XJP2, XJP7SHUNT, 2mm SAMTEC 2SN-BK-G8dc2359afb9dc2359afbInformation furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representa-tion that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.schematic Diagram10dc2359afbLinear Technology Corporation1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417(408) 432-1900 ● FAX : (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear .com© LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORA TION 2015LT 1015 REV B • PRINTED IN USADEMONSTRATION BOARD IMPORTANT NOTICELinear Technology Corporation (LTC) provides the enclosed product(s) under the following AS IS conditions:This demonstration board (DEMO BOARD) kit being sold or provided by Linear Technology is intended for use for ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT OR EVALUATION PURPOSES ONLY and is not provided by LTC for commercial use. As such, the DEMO BOARD herein may not be complete in terms of required design-, marketing-, and/or manufacturing-related protective considerations, including but not limited to product safety measures typically found in finished commercial goods. As a prototype, this product does not fall within the scope of the European Union directive on electromagnetic compatibility and therefore may or may not meet the technical requirements of the directive, or other regulations.If this evaluation kit does not meet the specifications recited in the DEMO BOARD manual the kit may be returned within 30 days from the date of delivery for a full refund. THE FOREGOING WARRANTY IS THE EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY MADE BY THE SELLER TO BUYER AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT OF THIS INDEMNITY, NEITHER PARTY SHALL BE LIABLE TO THE OTHER FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES.The user assumes all responsibility and liability for proper and safe handling of the goods. Further, the user releases LTC from all claims arising from the handling or use of the goods. Due to the open construction of the product, it is the user’s responsibility to take any and all appropriate precautions with regard to electrostatic discharge. Also be aware that the products herein may not be regulatory compliant or agency certified (FCC, UL, CE, etc.).No License is granted under any patent right or other intellectual property whatsoever. LTC assumes no liability for applications assistance, customer product design, software performance, or infringement of patents or any other intellectual property rights of any kind.LTC currently services a variety of customers for products around the world, and therefore this transaction is not exclusive .Please read the DEMO BOARD manual prior to handling the product . Persons handling this product must have electronics training and observe good laboratory practice standards. Common sense is encouraged .This notice contains important safety information about temperatures and voltages. For further safety concerns, please contact a LTC application engineer.Mailing Address:Linear Technology 1630 McCarthy pitas, CA 95035Copyright © 2004, Linear Technology Corporation。
内审和外审技巧
Audit Schedule 审核进度表
1) *Contact company and arrange visit (may include a pre-visit). *联系公司并安排探访（可以包括预先探访）
2) Establish time frame and schedule. 设立时间结构与进度表 3) Form audit team and conduct briefing. 成立审核小组以及召开简报会 4) Introduce team and Opening meeting. 介绍成员以及进行开幕的会议 5) Carry out audit. 进行审核 6) Summarize findings with team. 与小组总结发现 7) Present to management. 呈现予管理层 8) Agree on course of action. 赞成该执行的行动 9) Audit report. 审核报告 10) Follow up on corrective actions. 对纠正措施进行后续工作
(Controlled) 处理
（受控制）
OUTPUT
(Monitored) 输出
（受监控）
4
The Organizational Activities 有组织的活动
OPERATING PROCESS 操作程序
SUPPORT ACTIVITIES 支撑活动
5
System Documentation 系统文件化
standards, eg. Hi-P Global Direction etc..”
“审核被定义为一种独立的系统评估，用于评估 操作或程序以决定指示标准的一致性，例如：
赫比全球手册等”
第03章 同步发电机的基本方程
a
d y
d y
x a
b a
x
b b
c
c b
30
a
Lba Lab
m0 m2 cos 2 30
y d
60
a
y
a
x
a
x
b b d
c
b b
c
150
240
(2)定子绕组间互感系数—abc三相
Lba Lab m0 m2 cos 2 30 Lbc Lcb m0 m2 cos 2 90 Lca Lac m0 m2 cos 2 150
1 2 l0 wa s ad aq 2 l 1 w2 aq 2 2 a ad
隐极同步电机：l2=0，Laa= Lbb= Lcc=const
(2)定子绕组间互感系数—以ab相为例
a
a
q
Fa
y d
q y d
(1)定子绕组自感系数—以a相为例
Fa
a d
a
Fa
aq
a
a
ad
x
d
a
x
a
0
90
Fa wa ia , a Fa s , ad Fa ad
2 a wa a ad wa s ad ia 2 Laa a ia wa s ad
b z b
ψ abc L SS ψ fDQ L RS
L SR i abc L RR i fDQ
贴片F系列三极管参数
Base I I N C N N X K N N D N N N N N B N N N N N N N N X N N N N N N N N N N N B P X P ZB X ZB
Package SCD80 URD SOT323 SOT23 SC59 SC59 SOT23 SOT23 SOT23 SOT23 SOT23 SOT23 SOT23 SOT23 SOT23 SOT323 SC59 SC59 SOT23 SC59 SC59 SC59 SC59 SOT23 SC59 SC59 SOT23 SC59 SC59 SC59 SC59 SC59 SOT23 SOT89 SOT89 SOT23 SOT23
Leaded Equivalent/Data uhf varicap 2.5-22pf npn RF fT 8GHz 35V RF pin sw diode npn dtr R1 2k2 40V 100mA npn dtr R1 4k7 40V 100mA fT 12GHz npn RF 4V 12mA 35V RF pin sw diode BF495 RF npn fT 150MHz hfe30-60 dual series HP3820 pin sw diode BF184 BF494 BF184 BF494 BF184 BF494 RF npn fT150MHz hfe60-120 BF495 dual cc HP3820 pin sw diode BF184 BF494 pnp dtr 1k + 1k 50V 500mA pnp dtr 2k2 + 2k2 50V 500mA pnp dtr 4k7+ 4k7 50V 500mA pnp dtr 4k7+ 4k7 50V 500mA pnp dtr 10k + 10k 50V 500mA fT 12GHz npn 6V 20mA npn dtr 1k + 1k 50V 500mA npn dtr 2k2 + 2k2 50V 500mA npn dtr 4k7 + 4k7 50V 500mA npn dtr 4k7 + 4k7 50V 500mA npn dtr 10k + 10k 50V 500mA pnp dtr 2k2 + 10k 50V 100mA pnp dtr 2k2 + 10k 50V 100mA npn dtr 2k2 + 10k 50V 100mA pnp dtr R1 2k2 40V 100mA pnp dtr R1 4k7 40V 100mA pnp dtr R110k 40V 100mA 0.5-3GHz cc pin dual anode npn RF 1.5GHz 300mA BFQ69 npn RF Ft 5.5GHz 100mA microproc -ve reset gen 2.700V BFW92 microproc -ve reset gen 2.800V
英文版检验报告
1.6 (4)
CONSTRUCTION
1.6 (4.2)
Components replaceable without difficulty
1.6 (4.3)
Wire ways smooth and free from sharp edges
1.6 (4.4)
Lampholders
"(see Enclosure #)" refers to additional information appended to the report.
"(see appended table)" refers to a table appended to the report.
List of test equipment must be kept on file and available for review.
Caps and bases correctly used
1.6 (4.5)
Starter holders
Starter holder in luminaires other than class II
Starter holder class II construction
1.6 (4.6)
Terminal blocks
1.6 (4.4.5)
Peak pulse voltage
1.6 (4.4.6)
Centre contact
1.6 (4.4.7)
Parts in rough service luminaires resistance to tracking
1.6 (4.4.8)
Lamp connectors