高三限时训练5有答案
专题05破解板块模型 冲刺2023高考物理限时训练(原卷版)
05 破解板块模型难度：★★★★☆建议用时： 30分钟正确率： /13 1．（2023·吉林长春·长春市第二中学校考模拟预测）如图所示，在一辆小车上，有质量为m1，m2的两个物块（m1> m2）随车一起匀速运动，它们与小车上表面的动摩擦因数始终相同，当车突然停止时，如不考虑其他因素，设小车无限长，则两个滑块（）A．无论小车上表面光滑还是粗糙都一定不相碰B．无论小车上表面光滑还是粗糙都一定相碰C．上表面光滑一定相碰上表面粗糙一定不相碰D．上表面光滑一定不相碰上表面粗糙一定相碰2．（2023·福建泉州·统考二模）如图，水平桌面上有一薄板，薄板上摆放着小圆柱体A、B、C，圆柱体的质量分别为m A、m B、m C，且m A>m B>m C。
用一水平外力将薄板沿垂直BC 的方向抽出，圆柱体与薄板间的动摩擦因数均相同，圆柱体与桌面间的动摩擦因数也均相同。
则抽出后，三个圆柱体留在桌面上的位置所组成的图形可能是图（）A．B．C．D．3．（2023·山东模拟）(多选)如图甲所示，光滑水平面上放着长木板B，质量为m=2kg的木块A以速度v0=2m/s滑上原来静止的长木板B的上表面，由于A、B之间存在有摩擦，之后，A、B的速度随时间变化情况如图乙所示，重力加速度g=10m/s2.下列说法正确的是（）A．A、B之间动摩擦因数为0.1 B．长木板的质量M=2kgC．长木板长度至少为2m D．A、B组成的系统损失的机械能为4J 4．（2023·辽宁沈阳·辽宁实验中学校联考模拟预测）(多选)如图（a）所示，质量为M=3kg 的木板放置在水平地板上，可视为质点的质量为m=2kg的物块静止在木板右端。
t=0时刻对木板施加水平向右的外力F，t=2s时刻撤去外力，木板的v—t图像如图（b）所示。
已知物块与木板间的动摩擦因数为μ=0.2，物块始终没有滑离木板，重力加速度g取10m/s2。
高三英语晚自习限时训练
高三英语晚自习限时训练一、阅读理解AExperience College at HarvardChallenge yourself in college-level academics. Meet new friends from around the world. Strengthen your college application. And, build important life skills that can make your future college experience a success.Pre-College ProgramAn intense and exciting glimpse into the college experience. During this intensive two-week program, you will take the first steps toward your college j ourney alongside a diverse group of exceptional high school students.• Challenge yourself in a college course taught by Harvard faculty and affiliates, without the pressure of grades.• Engage with your peers in structured co-curricular activities, college readiness workshops, and social events.• Two weeks, non-creditSecondary School ProgramImmerse yourself in college life for seven weeks! In this dynamic seven-week program, you can earn college credit while experiencing firsthand what it’s really like to be a college student.• Choose one or two college-level classes that delve deeply into subjects that really excite you and may not be offered in high school.• Prepare for the future as you experience what it’s really like to balance responsibility with independence in one of three program formats – online, commuting, or residential. • Seven weeks, college creditApplication is now open for both high school programs! See program calendars for important dates and deadlines.To get our updates, join our mailing list for helpful information and important deadlines. Start your education journey today!1. What can we learn about the two programs?A．All the learning activities take place online.B．They are required procedures for college application.C．They challenge the students with college-level courses.D．Students can earn college credits after learning the two programs.2. According to this passage, applicants can .A．start to apply for both programs nowB．pay for the program calendars from todayC．apply for the programs throughout the yearD．download a mailing list to get helpful updates3. What is the purpose of this passage?A．To raise money for Harvard Summer Programs.B．To show the diverse courses in Harvard University.C．To share the college learning experience with readers.D．To introduce Harvard Summer Programs for high school students.BOne third of adults over 65 in America have never used the Internet, and half don’t even have Internet access at home. In San Francisco, “the center of tech”, 40% of older adults do not have basic digital literacy skills.This situation is becoming appalling as over 10,000 Americans turn 65 every single day. By 2050,22% of Americans will be 65 or older. Meanwhile, technology is developing very fast. This means that a large number of people will be unable to proficiently use emergent technology.Many people believe that seniors aren’t required to participate in our tech future because they’ll be retired and relaxed soon. But this is the farthest thing from the truth. Baby boomers are currently experiencing a different boom: With more people getting older than ever before, their life expediencies are also increasing dramatically. With medical advancements, the number of American people projected to live into the ir 90’s has doubled since 1965.However, they don’t have strong financial or educational support. This is not a problem; it’s a crisis. More than half of employees over 50 have been laid off in what’s being called ”forced retirement“. And few organizations are actively helping older employees make the transition from full-time jobs to part-time ones. For those fortunate enough to be employed, 3 out of 5 older workers experience prejudice.The easiest solution is to teach digital literacy. If baby boomers want to survive the forthcoming retirement crisis, they should get enough digital knowledge and skills to operate today’s tools and tomorrow’s platforms. With every crisis comes an opportunity. Tutoring, customer service, editing, research, book-keeping, and other virtual assistance-based work open the doors. But again, digital knowledge is first required to live in our high-tech society and gig economy. So try to get more online and navigate the growing number of sites and apps.；4. What does the underline d word “appalling” probably mean in paragraph2? A．Confusing. B．Terrible. C．Controllable. D．Inspiring.；5. What problem may baby boomers face?A．A crisis after retirement. B．Being knocked out in the future. C．Failing to receive good healthcare. D．Tending to double their life expediencies.；6. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A．The features of high-tech jobs. B．The way out for baby boomers. C．Potential industries in the future. D．The importance of developing technology.；7. What does the author advise baby boomers to do?A．Have a good sense of crisis. B．Avoid retiring at an early age. C．Look for many part-time jobs. D．Improve digital literacy actively.CGrowing up as kids we are told to share our toys and not to be selfish. We also live in an age when discussing our feelings is encouraged. But when does it all become toomuch? With new crazes trending all the time, such as dance challenges and wearing a carpet as a dress, the question is: when can sharing become oversharing on social media?“Oversharing” has become associated with social media, but it isn't exclusive to this platform. Imagine you head to a party and meet x k w someone. Within five minutes they have revealed private details about their life. While some of us may try to escape these people, according to marriage advisor Carolyn Cole, this form of oversharing could come from a strong desire to connect with someone. But how does this translate to social media?Dr. Christopher Hand, a lecturer in cyberpsychology (网络心理学），says the more details people disclose, the less sympathy we express when things go wrong. It seems that searching for sympathy by oversharing is generally considered as negative rather than the cry for help it could really be.However, Dr. Hand's research also seems to suggest that the more we post on a platform, the more socially attractive we become-provided that the posts that we bang out are positive. Even back in 2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD said that we should avoid complaining and being negative online. We should also avo id showing off, especially about our love lives. It makes sense-if your date is going “that well", would you really have time to share a photo with text?So, how can you know if you are oversharing? Well, why not ask your friends in real life. They would probably be happy to tell you if your posts about your breakfast or your complaints about your lack of money really are too much.；8. What does the underlined word “exclusive" in paragraph 2 mean?A．Unique.B．Similar.C．Relevant.D．Fundamental.；9. Why do some people prefer oversharing at parties?A．To draw others' attention.B．To satisfy others' curiosity.C．To remove negative feelings.D．To develop good relationships.；10. Which of the following may Dr. Hand agree with?A．Sharing more details online can attract more sympathy.B．Oversharing negative experiences is equal to crying for help.C．Sharing negative posts can't help one become socially attractive.D．Oversharing isn't likely to happen online when things go wrong.；11. According to the text, what should be avoided for online sharing?A．Reflecting on past bad manners.B．Showing a great many expensive goods.C．Writing a recipe for a balanced breakfast.D．Recording unforgettable moments with friends.二、七选五阅读For most Americans, the weeks between Thanks giving and New Year’s Day are a time when we’re eating more than we should. 12 The problem wasn’t really thesmall weight increase but that study participants never lost what they put on during the holiday season.So, how do you avoid gaining weight without missing out on the holiday fun? There are several small changes we can make.We have to make time to exercise. With all the shopping that needs to be done and the holiday get-togethers, the first thing cut out of our schedules is often exercise. 13 Exercise not only burns off those holiday treats, it reduces our stress as well.14 Allow yourself to enjoy the foods you really love, but choose wisely and watch your portion (份额) size. If you’ve looked forward to Aunt Sally’s Christmas cookies all year, have one. Mindful eating is the key. Take a small portion of your favorite dessert or high-calorie dish and then enjoy it.Try never to go to a holiday celebration hungry. When you are really hungry, you tend to eat more than you normally would. 15 Then you’ll find it easier to control how much you eat.Weigh yourself at least once a week on the same day, at the same time and on the same scale (称). It’s important to keep in mind that our weight can change because of salt intake or other factors. 16A．Mind your table manners while eating.B．You don’t need to give up all of the holiday goodies.C．However, knowing your weight helps to keep you on track.D．Have a high-fiber, low-calorie snack before attending a party.E．A study found participants gained just over a pound during this time.F．Instead, this is the time we should put working out at the top of our to-do list. G．Researchers suggest people eat smaller meals more times during the course of the day.三、完型填空Sammie Vance approached her principal at Haley Elementary with the idea of installing “buddy benches” into her school playground to help others feel less lonely. The principal 17 of the idea. But wooden benches are18 . Just one would be worth nearly a thousand dollars. However, a bench made of 19 bottle caps would only be around $250. So Sammie 20 others in her community to collect enough caps to make one bench. 21 , she managed to get bottle caps from 50 states. And th us, the initiative of “Sammie’s Buddy Bench Project” was 22 .Pretty soon, Sammie’s Buddy Bench Project began commanding the 23 of several news media. For her amazing efforts, Sammie has been chosen the receiver of several 24 and was 25 one of People magazine’s “Girls Changing the World”. And 26 , more than 200 bottle cap buddy benches have been around at schools and parks across the country, plus Mexico and Australia.This is, of course, not just a beautiful story ab out helping others. It’s also a major win for 27 . It is reported that 1.3 billion bottle caps are used each year. These caps cannot be recycled in the same way along with plastic bottles 28 each has a different melting point, and when they are 29 in, it can ruin an entire batch (一批). And that’s when they get discarded. Millions of caps have been found in our 30 alone, whichcan be devastating to marine life. In fact, it’s one of the leading 31 of death. It’s big carin g hearts like Sammie’s that help our planet heal against damage.17. A．complained B．allowed C．approved D．spoke18. A．costly B．heavy C．productive D．valueless19. A．reviewed B．recreated C．removed D．recycled20. A．kept track of B．reached out to C．sang high praises for D．got rid of21. A．Unfortunately B．Accordingly C．Apparently D．Eventually22. A．born B．promoted C．obtained D．commented23. A．attraction B．attention C．acceptance D．admission24. A．campaigns B．contests C．assemblies D．awards25. A．nicknamed B．introduced C．defined D．named26. A．the other day B．to date C．by then D．until recently27. A．sustainability B．changeability C．adaptability D．visibility28. A．though B．as C．if D．when29. A．combined B．mixed C．involved D．fitted30. A．fields B．walls C．oceans D．rains31. A．explanations B．questions C．ways D．causes四、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2023届高三英语晚自习限时训练(含答案)
2023届高三英语晚自习限时训练一、阅读理解（一）The Huaqing Palace Heritage SiteStar PoolIt was built in 644 A．D．for Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty (618-907). It is said that at first there was no cover for the pool so that he could enjoy the shining stars of the night while taking a bath.Tang WellIt has a long history of over 1,300 years and measures 1.9 meters long, 1.26 meters wide and 8.3meters deep. It was used just by Yang Yuhuan for drinking water.Huaqing Hot SpringsThey were named “The Fi Hot Springs in the World” in the Tang Dynasty by Emperor Xuanzong.The water temperature stays at 43℃ all year round. It was first used as an imperial pool during the Zhou Dynasty (1036B．C．-256 B．C．).Imperial Concubine Pool (贵妃池)It was built in 747A．D．for the famous beauty Yang Yuhuan. It takes the shape of a Chinese crabapple (海棠) flower, and is where Emperor Xuanzong and Yang Yuhuan took baths together every winter.Address: At the foot of Lishan Mountain in Lintong, 30 kilometers east of Xi’an. Opening hours: From March to November: 7:00-18:00;From December to February: 7:30-18:30.Bus routes: 914, 915, U5, and 306.1. Which of the following has the longest history?A．Star Pool. B．Tang Well.C．Huaqing Hot Springs. D．Imperial Concubine Pool.2. What is special about Imperial Concubine Pool?A．It is half-divided. B．It is flower-shaped.C．It is for drinking. D．It has no cover.3. Where is this text most likely from?A．A diary. B．A guidebook.C．A news report. D．A story book.（二）During the COP27 climate conference (会议) in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, an important deal on “loss and damage” was reached. This was a big step forward because at COP26 conference in Glasgow, Scotland, there were no talks on loss and damage at all. The plan is that richer countries will pay money into a special fund that will be used to help poor countries.Loss and damage means the damaging impact of climate change on developing countries. For nearly 30 years, poorer countries have been asking richer countries formoney to help to protect communities from the effects of climate change. Richer countries have produced the most greenhouse gases, but poorer countries are often the worst affected by extreme weather conditions because they are less well equipped to face extreme climate events.Brazil’s newly elected President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva made a speech about preserving the largest rainforest on Earth, the Amazon. During the last 50 years, more than 17% of the Amazon rainforest has been destroyed to make way for farms and towns. However, in his speech, Lula promised that there would be zero deforestation (伐树) in the Amazon by 2030. The conference didn’t just focus on world leaders. It brought together more than 45,000 people to discuss how climate change is affecting their lives. Climate refugees (难民) also had their voices heard. Tshilombo from the Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya said, “Refugees don’t only flee becaus e of war or conflict. It’s also about drought, the effects of climate change.”Some countries weren’t happy with the overall outcome of COP27 because decisions weren’t made on cutting the use of fossil fuels, such as coal, gas and oil, etc. The UK Governme nt’s Alok Sharma said, “I’m incredibly disappointed.”However, this deal was a great achievement for developing countries. Sherry Rehman, the climate minister for Pakistan, said, “I am confident we have tuned a comer in how we work together to achieve clim ate goals.”；4. What is a successful outcome of the COP27 climate conference?A．The deal on loss and damage.B．The deal on using fossil fuels.C．The deal on rainforest preservation.D．The deal on helping climate refugees.；5. What has made it difficult for developing countries to fight against climate change? A．More greenhouse gases.B．Massive deforestation.C．Shortage of money and supplies.D．Terrible weather conditions.；6. What can we infer from Paragraph 3?A．Climate change is influencing people’s live s.B．17% of the Amazon rainforest was destroyed.C．Many factors lead to the appearance of refugees.D．There will be less deforestation in the Amazon by 2030.；7. What would Sherry Rehman probably agree with?A．Never put off till tomorrow.B．Many hands make light work.C．Knowledge starts with practice.D．No way is impossible to courage.（三）What are you doing this weekend? Perhaps you're spending time with family, hanging out with friends, or maybe you're going to play a sport. All around the world, people chill out at the end of the working week and take part in leisure activities. In many countries, the weekend consists of Saturday and Sunday, while in others Friday and Saturday are the days of rest. In Afghanistan, Thursday and Friday form the weekend, while in one country, Brunei, Friday and Sunday are the days off.Have you ever stopped to wonder, though, exactly where it originated? And how is the concept going to change? The modern weekend took shape during the Industrial Revolution. In the early 19 century, in areas such as the north of England, people began to leave the countryside to work in towns and cities. There, new factories were springing up. Their working lives were once ruled by nature, with the amount of work depending on the changing seasons. Now, their employers demanded a different rhythm-a six-day week of up to 12 hours a day, followed by one day of rest.Campaigns for workers' rights appeared. By the end of the century they had managed to reduce the working week to five and a half days. This meant that working people could take an interest in hobbies such as photography, which was very new at the time. In the US in the 1920s, the industrialist Henry Ford helped to create the weekend. He gave all his workers Saturday and Sunday off work. His factories manufactured cars, and he wanted to allow his employees time to purchase and enjoy the cars they were producing.These days, in many countries, working a 40-hour week is normal. Many people have a nine-to-five job, but even that is rapidly changing. Technology enables more people to work from home and plan their own use of time. This means that an official period away from work is becoming less important. Perhaps in the future we will work fewer hours altogether. If we become more productive, we should be able to afford the same lifestyle by working fewer hours. It has been estimated, for example, that a worker in the US can achieve a 1950s standard of living by working just 1l hours a week. Some people have recommended a 21-hour working week to help with unemployment, climate change and inequality. However, a change like that may mean more leisure time but it will probably limit people's ability to earn money to enjoy it.8. What does the underlined word “originated” in the second paragraph me an? A．Relaxed. B．Started. C．Appeared suddenly. D．Stopped. 9. What happened as a result of campaigns on behalf of workers?A．People became more inventive.B．People worked fewer hours per day.C．People worked fewer hours overall.D．People found employment in leisure industries.10. The writer says an American businessman gave his workers time off so that A．he could produce more cars.B．they could spend money on cars.C．he didn’t have to pay them to drive.D．they would enjoy working with him.11. Why does the writer suggest the weekend may be less important now? A．Because we start work later than we used toB．Because nobody works over 40 hours a week.C．Because technology empowers individuals to arrange their own time. D．Because people are out control of their working week.二、七选五阅读Mondays are kind of annoying. 12 A recent survey says that most people get the pre-work “Sunday blues”. Starting your Monday feeling sad, anxious and unorganized is hardly the way to kick off a healthy week.The solution? Set aside a little time on Sunday to purposefully prepare yourself for the five days ahead, suggests women’s health expert Marsha Hudnall. 13Do some meal preparations.Figuring out what to have for dinner on weeknights can be surprisingly stressf ul. Stretching out a menu plan on Sunday and swinging by the grocery store for ingredients will help you eat well. Go a step further by chopping and cooking vegetables and a protein (like a roast chicken or scrambled eggs). 14 Or finally attempt a di fferent diet you’ve been meaning to try. For easy dinner planning, just order, and you’ll have a week’s worth of raw materials for delicious and healthy meals.Start a Sunday stress-relief habit.“To be healthy, we have to take care of body and mind,” says Hudnall. Stress has a major impact on health and our ability to concentrate. 15 Four ideas to try: a guided meditation with the help of an app; forest bathing－a practice known as shinrin-yoku in Japan, which basically means taking a long walk or hik e in a wooded area; gentle exercise like yoga; or time cuddling and playing with your pet.16Why not prepare your favorite clothes for Monday? Studies show that what you wear can have a significant effect on your mood. So make Monday the day you wear your favorite clothes or show the latest addition to your wardrobe (衣橱). It’s also a good idea to get some nice coffee or music ready, which will give you something to look forward to on your Monday commute.A．Give yourself something to look forward on Monday.B．Even Sunday afternoons turn sour as we think of the workweek ahead.C．Then all you have to do is heat and plate when you come home from work. D．Therefore, starting a Sunday stress-relieving habit can begin a week feeling strong and focused.E．Try creating a relaxing and winding down Sunday night so that you can recharge and get ready for Monday.F．Taking on just a few of these simple tips every Sunday will help you launch a productive, less stressful week.G．Wailing until the last moment to do weekend chores like paying bills or doing laundry can leave you anxious and stressed on Sunday.三、完型填空The stage lights dimmed (变昏暗), and I took a quick look from behind the heavy black curtains into the audience. Blinded by the lights, I quickly 17 . It seems that a great number of eyes were looking at me. I took a deep 18 as the music of my dance began to play. I entered the stage and began my 19 , the graduation test of the classical Indian dance.After a decade of learning, I was finally ready to take on the most difficult act. The test is the most important 20 in a dancer’s life as it pays respect to all the factors in one’s life that 21 the dance form: one’s culture and family.The performance is undertaken only by the most 22 and determined students. It is a difficult process that requires much 23 . For more than six months, I spent two to three hours every day 24 these dances. Many times, I 25 myself to my physical and mental breaking point, but still I would not stop. I could not give up. There was always so much more to do and so much more to 26I discovered a lot about myself in those tiring hours. I learned that I was far too stubborn to give up, and I was too proud to prove myself wrong after I had set an unrealistic goal. Even with physical pain and mental stress, I forced myself to meet my 27 . Even when I was at the end of my limit, there was always something28 me on, forcing me not to give up.Fortunately, I made it. What I had done 29 the success. It was in those hours that I learned what a dancer 30 is. Those time was evidence that I could achieve something I 31 out to do.17. A．pulled back B．set off C．reached out D．broke away18. A．sleep B．thought C．breath D．sorrow19. A．career B．understanding C．response D．performance20. A．routine B．lesson C．accident D．event21. A．develop B．purchase C．introduce D．promote22. A．focused B．beautiful C．intelligent D．considerate23. A．talent B．strength C．devotion D．cooperation24. A．recording B．practicing C．discussing D．designing25. A．applied B．addicted C．treated D．pushed26. A．forget B．design C．learn D．research27. A．explanation B．expectation C．expense D．impression28. A．driving B．competing C．benefiting D．representing29. A．increased B．deserved C．expanded D．exposed30. A．completely B．mainly C．truly D．distantly31. A．put B．carry C．turn D．set四、语法填空Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.I am speaking to you at what I know is an increasingly challenging time. A time of disruption in the life of our country; a disruption that has brought grief to some, financial difficulties to many, and enormous changes to the daily lives of us all.I want to thank everyone on the NHS front liens, 32 care workers and those carrying out essential rules, who selflessly continue 33 day-to-day duties outside the home in support of as all.I am sure the nation will join me in assuring you that what you do 34 (appreciate) and every hour of your hard work brings us 35 (close) to a return to more normal times.I also want to thank these of you who are staying at home, thereby helping to protect the vulnerable and sparting many family the pain already 36 (feel) by those who have lost loved ones.Together we are tackling this disease, and I want to reassure you that if we remain united and resolute, we will overcome it.I hope in the years to come everyone will be able to take pride in 37 they responded to this challenge. And those who come after us will say the Britons of this generation were as strong as any.The moments when the United Kingdom has come together to applaud its care and essential workers will be remembered 38 an expression of our national spirit; and its symbol will be the rainbows drawn by children.Across the Commonwealth and around the world, we have seen heart-warming stories of people 39 (come) together to help others, be it through delivering food parcels and medicines, checking on neighbours, or converting businesses to help with the relief effort.And though self-isolating at times 40 be hard, many people of all faiths, and of none, are discovering that it presents an opportunity to slow down, pause and reflect, in prayer or meditation.But now, as then, we know, deep down, that it is the right thing to do.We will succeed - and that success will belong to every one of us.We should take comfort that while we may have more still 41 (endure), better days will return: we will be with our friends again: we will be with our families again: we will meet again.But for now, I send my thanks and warmest good wishes to you all.五、写作42. 假如你是李华，近段时间以来政府加大了文物保护的力度。
高三语文限时训练(含参考答案)
高三语文限时训练一、阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
(9分)有着5000多年历史的中国传统艺术是一条璀璨星河，它的精神和血脉对世界文化艺术的发展起到了极其重要的涵养作用，对世界众多艺术家产生过直接或间接的影响。
尤其是当西方传统写实绘画的发展处于困境之时，中国传统艺术更是以其独具特色的艺术魅力和表现形式启迪了一大批现代艺术家，他们从中汲取营养，摸索前行，在很多西方艺术史论家眼里，中国传统艺术是世界艺术的高峰。
中国传统艺术对西方的影响可以追溯到14世纪的欧洲，当时中国的瓷器、丝绸和国画等商品一直流行于欧洲的上层社会中。
在法国，中国的龙凤图案常被运用于各类织物中。
在15世纪的意大利和法国瓷器制作中，盛行模仿中国青花瓷器造型。
18世纪法国“罗可可”绘画大师让·安东尼·华托青年时期曾研究中国的《百戏图》，他的作品《发舟西苔岛》具有明显的中国意味和东方艺术特色。
著名的评论家雷文曾说：“凡于中国宋代之风景画研究有素者，一见华托此作，必讶其风景之相似，其画中远山犹保持作者之生命。
青峰缥缈，用单色作烟云。
华托所惯为者，亦中国山水画最显著之特色也。
”日本学者小林太市郎认为应该将17～18世纪流行于欧洲的“罗可可”艺术称为“中国—法国式”。
世纪新古典主义大师安格尔则因为具有浓郁东方意味的艺术语言，被当时的人们称为“误生在19世纪雅典废墟上的中国画家”。
19世纪中叶，摄影术的发明，对西方传统写实绘画带来了巨大的冲击，西方绘画艺术的发展陷入了困境，艺术家开始寻求新的出路。
此时，博大精深的中国传统艺术思想和独具特色的艺术表现形式，给了西方艺术家以启迪，使得西方艺术在现代主义道路上继续前行。
一些杰出的画家诸如梵·高、高更、毕加索、马蒂斯、克里姆特、大卫·霍克尼等，分别从不同的方面和角度吸取中国艺术的养分，探索出全新的艺术风格，创作出一大批具有划时代意义的艺术杰作，对世界艺术史的发展产生了深远的影响。
山东省烟台市牟平第一中学2025届高三上学期限时练语文试题及参考答案
山东省烟台市牟平第一中学2025届高三上学期限时练语文试题及参考答案22级高三上学期第二次语文限时训练一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I (本题共5小题，18分)阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。
材料一：中国人说中国话，用汉语写作，可是我们了解自己的语言吗如果不了解，如果我们超越汉语的表达界限说话，会出现怎样的情形呢长期以来，我们总是一厢情愿地设想，西方语言固有的成分，汉语中也一定或明或暗地隐藏着，最害怕被西方人说汉语是一种蒙昧的语言。
冯友兰先生的意见，就代表了这样的立场，他说中国哲学与西方哲学是古今之争。
换句话说，中国哲学之所以“落后于”时代，是因为汉语“落后”;但是，按照这样的逻辑推论，汉语永远不得不落后，除非汉语成为拼音文字。
与其说汉语与拼音文字之间，中国哲学与西方哲学之间，是人类古代语言与现代语言或原始思维与现代思维之争，不如说它们之间仅仅是一种空间上的并列关系，彼此相互外在，互不附属，一点儿也不像。
所谓“先进”与“落后”的断语之所以不中用，是因为这个标准来自西方。
举个例子来说，按照西方语言和语法标准分析汉语，往往就要说外行话，因为这个分析的工具不中用。
“中国言语的构造上主语(subject) 与谓语(predicate) 的分别极不分明，换言之，即可以说好像就没有这个分别。
这是中国言语构造上的最特别处，而其影响则甚大”(张东荪)。
既然汉语几乎就没有主语与谓语的分别，那么当我们硬说有这个分别时，就好像“使中国文法亦穿了一套西服”(张东荪)。
有怎样的害处呢蒙蔽了汉语的特性或者说“面貌”,就像即便穿着笔挺的西装，相貌却还是中国的，无法蒙人。
张东荪先生援引了高本汉所分析的例句：Albert's mother gives him cakes.这个英文句子中哪个词是主语，几乎一望便知，拉丁文和希腊文中的句子，也是如此。
当高本汉认为西方语言是一种进化了的语言时，张东荪却一针见血地指出：“中国言语与外国言语是构造上的不同，无所谓进化与不进化。
2022届高三阅读理解专项训练5+含答案
阅读理解限时训练五（请在35分钟内完成）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AA Visitor's Guide to Bike Hire in AmsterdamMany of the must-see spots in Amsterdam can be seen on a one-day bike tour. Some of the city's major bike rental shops include:Yellow BikeYellow Bike has two locations in Amsterda-Nieuwezijds Kolk 29 and Nieuwe Nieuwstraat 16.They are only a 3-minute walk from Central Station.The company's trademark bright yellow bikes make renting from Yellow Bike great for beginners. Bike rental costs € 12 for 24 hours and €20 for 48 hours.Open 09:30-17:00.MacBikeMacBike rents out more than 2,000 bikes across five branches in Amsterdam. Its offices are located at Central Station, Oosterdok, Leidseplein,V ondelpark and Waterlooplein.The cost of the hire depends on which model you choose. Three-gear（齿轮）city bikes cost €14.75 for 24 hours.You can also rent electric bikes, tandems（前后双人自行车），children’s bikes and bikes with child seats. Open 09:00-18:00.Bike CityJust around the corner from Anne Frank House,Bike City rents out two types of black city bike.One comes with three gears. The other comes with seven,which is ideal for covering larger distances. Rental costs E 17 for 24hours for the basic bike.Open 09:00-17:30.Discount Bike RentalDiscount Bike Rental offers bikes of all shapes and sizes at a reasonable price. With daytime prices that start at € 7.50 for pedal-brake bikes, this one's perfect for anyone exploring the Dutch capital on a budget. Open 09:00-17:30.1.How much will you pay if you rent a Yellow Bike for two days?A.€20.B.€14.75.C.E17.D.€24.2.Which rental shop allows you to enjoy a bike trip with your kids?A.Yellow Bike.B. MacBikeC.Bike City.D. Discount Bike Rental.3.Who are most likely to rent a bike from Discount Bike Rental?A.People who have to get off work after 17:30.B.People who want to cycle for a larger distance.C.People who visit the capital of Holland for the first time.D.People who expect to explore Amsterdam with less money.BAdrian’s “Amazing Race” started early when his parents realized that he, as a baby, couldn’t hear a thing, not even loud noises. In a special school for the hearing-impaired（听觉受损的）, he learned sign language and got to mix with other disabled children, However, the sight of all the disabled children communicating with one another upset his mother. She wanted him to lead a normal life. So after speaking to an advisor,she sent him to private classes where he learned to read lips and pronounce words. Later on, Adrian’s parents decided to send him to a regular school. But the headmaster tried to prevent them from doing so,saying regular schools couldn't take care of a special needs student.His parents were determined to take the risk and pushed him hard to go through his work every day because they wanted to prove that,given the opportunity, he could do anything.Adrian made the grade and got accepted. It was a big challenge.The pace（节奏）was faster so he had to sit at the front of the class and really pay attention to the teacher, which wasn’t always easy. But he stuck to it and did a lot of extra work after school.The efforts made by Adrian and his parents paid off. Adrian graduated with good grades and got into a lop high school.He also achieved a lot in life outside school.He developed a love for the outdoors and went to Nepal to climb mountains.He even entered the World Yacht Race 05/06-being the first hearing-impaired Asian to do so.But none of these achievements would have been possible without one of the most important lessons from his mother. “If you believe in yourself and work hand, you can achieve great results.” She often said.4.How did Adrian communicate with other children in the special school?A. By speaking.B. By using sign language.C.By reading lips.D.By making loud noises.5.Why did Adrian's parents decide to send him to a regular school?A. They wanted him to live a normal life.B. They wanted to prove the headmaster wrung.C. He wouldn't mix with other disabled children.D. He wasn’t taken good care of in the special school.6.How did Adrian finally succeed in his study?A. He did a lot of outdoor activities.B. He was serious about his class.C. He attended private classes after school.D. He worked very hand both in and after class.7.Why is Adrian's life described as an “Amazing Race"?A. He did very well in his study.B.He succeeded in entering a regular school.C. He reached his goals in spite of his disability.D. He took part in the World Yacht Race 05/06.CUsing too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways.You may wonder how paving（铺砌）amad can lead to less useable fresh water,A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater.Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers.It comes from underground.The more roads and parking lots we pave the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater. Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages. Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts（干旱）than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference, too. In the United States, a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live, but there's a lot we can do to lower the number.You can take steps to save water in your home. To start with, use the same glass for your drinking water all day. Wash it only once a day.Run your dishwasher（洗碗机）only when it is full. Help your parents fix any leaks in your home.You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.8.Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?ing river water.B.Throwing batteries away.C. Paving parking lots.D.Throwing rubbish into lakes.9. What can be inferred about the water supply from the text?A. All water shortages are due to human behavior.A.To tell us how to run a dishwasher.B. To show us how to fix leaks at home.C.To prove what drinking glass is best for us.D. To suggest what we do to save water at home.11.What is the text mainly about?A. Why paving roads reduces our water.B. How much we depend on water to live.C. Why droughts occur more in dry climates.D. How human activity affects our water supply.DAnimals can move from place to place,but plants cannot.When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws.But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away.For example,the leaves of the holly plant have sharp sines刺）that discourage grass-eating animals.Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches.This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.Some plants, such as the oak tree,have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to reach. grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal’s teeth.Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction.Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals.When a caterpillar（毛虫）bites a tobacco leaf，the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine.The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has -prickly（多刺的）leave, and catch pricklecontains poisonous venom.A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.12.Why does the holly plant have more spines on the lower leaves?A. Most animals are not tall enough.B. Most animals are not clever enough.C.Most animals like the lower leaves only.D.Most animals can gel the lower leaves easily.13. What do oak trees use to defend themselves?A. Chemical means. B Physical means.C.Bitter chemicals.D.Sandy materials.14. How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?A.Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.B. Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.C. Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.D.Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.15. What is the best title for the text?A. Plants and AnimalsB. Attacks and DefensesC. How Animals Eat Plant LeavesD.How Plants Defend Themselves第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
山东省济南市2024届高三下学期高考针对性训练(5月模拟)数学试题含答案
绝密★启用并使用完毕前高考针对性训练数学试题本试卷共4页，19题，全卷满分150分．考试用时120分钟．注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上．2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑．如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号．回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上．写在本试卷上无效．3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．一、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．设12i2iz -=+，则z =（）A ．iB ．i-C ．4i 5+D ．4i 5-2．若sin cos αα-=，则tan α=（）A ．1B ．1-C ．2D ．2-3．()6111x x ⎛⎫+- ⎪⎝⎭展开式中2x 的系数为（）A ．5-B ．5C ．15D ．354．已知{}n a 是等比数列，且27844a a a a =-=-，则3a =（）A ．B ．C ．2-D ．2±5．某单位设置了a ，b ，c 三档工资，已知甲、乙、丙三人工资各不相同，且甲的工资比c 档高，乙的工资比b 档高，丙领取的不是b 档工资，则甲、乙、丙领取的工资档次依次为（）A ．a ，b ，cB ．b ，a ，cC ．a ，c ，bD ．b ，c ，a6．三棱锥S ABC -中，SA ⊥平面ABC ，AB BC ⊥．若该三棱锥的最长的棱长为9，最短的棱长为3，则该三棱锥的最大体积为（）A B C ．18D ．367．在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，已知双曲线2222:1(0,0)x y C a b a b-=>>的左、右焦点分别为1F ，2F ，点P在C 上，且2122PF PF a ⋅= ，PO = ，则C 的离心率为（）A B C ．3D ．28．已知函数()f x 的定义域为R ，且()()()yf x xf y xy x y -=-，则下列结论一定成立的是（）A ．()11f =B ．()f x 为偶函数C ．()f x 有最小值D ．()f x 在[]0,1上单调递增二、选择题：本题共3小题，每小题6分，共18分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，有多项符合题目要求．全部选对的得6分，部分选对的得部分分，有选错的得0分．9．某同学投篮两次，第一次命中率为23．若第一次命中，则第二次命中率为34；若第一次未命中，则第二次命中率为12．记()1,2i A i =为第i 次命中，X 为命中次数，则（）A ．22()3P A =B ．4()3E X =C ．4()9D X =D ．123(|)4P A A =10．已知ABC △内角A ，B ，C 的对边分别为a ，b ，c ，外接圆半径为R ．若1a =，且()sin sin sin A b B c b C -=+，则（）A ．3sin 2A =B ．ABC △面积的最大值为34C ．3R =D ．BC 边上的高的最大值为611．已知函数()sin ln f x x x =⋅，则（）A ．曲线()y f x =在πx =处的切线斜率为ln πB ．方程()2024f x =有无数个实数根C ．曲线()y f x =上任意一点与坐标原点连线的斜率均小于1eD ．2()2x y f x =-在()1,+∞上单调递减三、填空题：本题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分．12．数列{}n a 满足22n n a a +-=，若11a =，44a =，则数列{}n a 的前20项的和为______．13．在正四棱柱1111ABCD A B C D -中，4AB =，16AA =，M ，N 分别是AB ，AD 的中点，则平面1MNC 截该四棱柱所得截面的周长为______．14．已知抛物线22x y =与圆()()22240x y rr +-=>相交于四个不同的点A ，B ，C ，D ，则r 的取值范围为______，四边形ABCD 面积的最大值为______．四、解答题：本题共5小题，共77分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．15．（本小题满分13分）近年来，我国众多新能源汽车制造企业迅速崛起．某企业着力推进技术革新，利润稳步提高．统计该企业2019年至2023年的利润（单位：亿元），得到如图所示的散点图．其中2019年至2023年对应的年份代码依次为1，2，3，4，5．（1）根据散点图判断，y a bx =+和2y c dx =+哪一个适宜作为企业利润y （单位：亿元）关于年份代码x 的回归方程类型？（给出判断即可，不必说明理由）（2）根据（1）中的判断结果，建立y 关于x 的回归方程；（3）根据（2）的结果，估计2024年的企业利润．参考公式及数据；1221ˆni ii ni i x ynx ybx nx==-=-∑∑，ˆˆay bx =-，52155i i x ==∑，541979ii x ==∑，51390i i y ==∑，511221i i i x y ==∑，5214607.9i i i x y ==∑16．（本小题满分15分）如图，在三棱台ABC DEF -中，平面ABC ⊥平面BCFE ，AF DE ⊥，45ABC CBF ∠=∠=︒，1AC AB >=．（1）求三棱台ABC DEF -的高；（2）若直线AC 与平面ABF 所成角的正弦值为155，求BC ．17．（本小题满分15分）已知函数()22xxf x a =+-，其中0a >且1a ≠．（1）若()f x 是偶函数，求a 的值；（2）若0x >时，()0f x >，求a 的取值范围．18．（本小题满分17分）已知点21,2A ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭在椭圆2222:1(0)x y E a b a b +=>>上，A 到E的两焦点的距离之和为．（1）求E 的方程；（2）过抛物线()2:1C y x m m =->上一动点P ，作E 的两条切线分别交C 于另外两点Q ，R ．（ⅰ）当P 为C 的顶点时，求直线QR 在y 轴上的截距（结果用含有m 的式子表示）；（ⅱ）是否存在m ，使得直线QR 总与E 相切．若存在，求m 的值；若不存在，说明理由．19．（本小题满分17分）高斯二项式定理广泛应用于数学物理交叉领域．设,y q ∈R ，*n ∈N ，记[]11n n q q-=++⋅⋅⋅+，[][][][]!11n n n =⨯-⨯⋅⋅⋅⨯，并规定[]0!1=．记1(,)()()()()n n q F x n x y x y x qy x q y -=+=++⋅⋅⋅+，并规定()0,0()1q F x x y =+=．定义[][][](,),0(,)11(),1,2,,kqn kq F x n k D F x n n n n k x y k n-=⎧⎪=⎨-⋅⋅⋅-++=⋅⋅⋅⎪⎩（1）若1y q ==，求(),2F x 和1(,2)q D F x ；（2）求[][]!(0,)!k qn k D F n n -；（3）证明：[]0(0,)(,)!k nq k k D F n F x n x k ==∑．2024年5月济南市高三模拟考试数学试题参考答案一、单项选择题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．题号12345678答案ABACBCDC二、多项选择题：本题共3小题，每小题6分，共18分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，有多项符合题目要求．全部选对的得6分，部分选对的得部分分，有选错的得0分．题号91011答案ABDADBCD三、填空题：本题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分．12．21013．14．4)；四、解答题：本题共5小题，共77分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．15．【解析】（1）2y c dx =+适宜作为企业利润y （单位：亿元）关于年份代码x 的回归方程类型．（2）由题意得：52211()115i i x x ===∑，511785i i y y ===∑，52215222221553905()4607.95317.9550.8537455()5()9795ˆ5i ii ii xy x ydx x ==-⨯-⨯⨯====⎛⎫-⨯-⨯ ⎪⎝⎭∑∑，239055()0.8568.655ˆ5ˆcy d x =-⨯=-⨯=，所以，268.65ˆ0.85y x =+．（3）令6x =，268.650.85699.25ˆy=+⨯=，估计2024年的企业利润为99.25亿元．另解（此种解法酌情给分）：（1）y a bx =+适宜作为企业利润y （单位：亿元）关于年份代码x 的回归方程类型．（2）由题意得：1234535x ++++==，511785i i y y ===∑，()()515222151221537851 5.13ˆ555105i ii i i x yx ybx x==-⨯-⨯⨯====-⨯-⨯∑∑，()78 5.1362.7ˆˆa y b x =-⨯=-⨯=，所以，7ˆ62. 5.1yx =+．（3）令6x =，62.7 5.1693.3ˆy=+⨯=，估计2024年的企业利润为93.3亿元．16．【解析】解：（1）作FO BC ⊥于点O ，因为平面ABC ⊥平面BCFE ，所以FO ⊥平面ABC ，FO 即为三棱台ABC DEF -的高．又因为AB ⊂平面ABC ，所以FO AB ⊥．连接AO ，因为AB DE ∥，AF DE ⊥，所以AB AF ⊥，FO AF F = ，所以AB ⊥平面AFO ，又AO ⊂平面AFO ，所以AB AO ⊥．45ABC CBF ∠=∠=︒，1AB =．所以1AO =，BO FO ==ABC DEF -．（2）以O 为原点，在面ABC 内，作OG BC ⊥，以OG ，OB ，OF 所在的直线分别为x ，y ，z 轴建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系O xyz -，则,22A ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，B，F，,,022AB ⎛⎫=- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，FB =，设平面ABF 的法向量为(),,n x y z =则022n FB n AB x y ⎧⋅=-=⎪⎨⋅=-+=⎪⎩，可取()1,1,1n = ，设BC BO λ=，则22,022AC ⎛⎫=-- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，设直线AC 与平面ABF 所成角为α，15sin cos ,5AC n α===，化简得281890λλ-+=，解得32λ=或34λ=（舍去，因为AC AB >，所以1λ>），所以BC =．17．【解析】（1）由题意，()()11f f -=，即112222a a +-=+-，解得，12a =或2a =-（舍）又经检验，12a =时，()f x 是偶函数．所以，a 的值为12．（2）当12a =时，0x ∀>，1()22202x xf x ⎛⎫=+->= ⎪⎝⎭成立；当12a >且1a ≠时，0x ∀>，1()22222xx x xf x a ⎛⎫=+->+- ⎪⎝⎭，又12202xx⎛⎫+-> ⎪⎝⎭已证，故此时符合题意；当102a <<时，()ln 2ln 2x xf x a a '=+，易知，此时()f x '在R 上单调递增，且(0)ln(2)0f a =<'．故存在00x >，使得当0(0,)x x ∈时，()0f x '<，从而()f x 单调递减，所以，存在02x >，使得0(0)02x f f ⎛⎫<= ⎪⎝⎭，故此时不合题意．综上所述，12a ≥且1a ≠．18．【解析】（1）由题意2a =，得a =又21,2A ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭在E 上，得221112a b +=，从而1b =．故E 的方程为2212x y +=．（2）（ⅰ）当P 为C 的顶点时，()0,P m ，不妨设R 在第一象限，直线PR 的方程为y kx m =-，联立E 的方程为2212x y +=可得222(21)4220k x kmx m +-+-=．由22222Δ(4)4(21)(22)8(21)0km k m k m =-+-=-+=可得2221k m +=．联立直线PR 的方程y kx m =-与抛物线2:C y x m =-的方程可得x k =，则R 点的纵坐标为22212122R m m m y k m m ---=-=-=，由对称性知2212Q m m y --=，故直线QR 在y 轴上的截距为2212m m --．（ⅱ）要使（2）中的直线QR 与E 相切，必有22112m m b --==，即2230m m --=，解得3m =或1-（舍去）．设()11,P x y ，()22,Q x y ，()33,R x y ，则2113y x =-，2223y x =-，2333y x =-．直线PQ 的方程为211121()y y y y x x x x --=--，即1212()3y x x x x x =+--．联立椭圆方程2212x y +=可得222121212122()14()(3)2(3)20x x x x x x x x x x ⎡⎤++-++++-=⎣⎦．由[]22212121212Δ4()(3)42()12(3)2x x x x x x x x ⎡⎤⎡⎤=++-+++-⎣⎦⎣⎦22221212128(2228)0x x x x x x =+---=可得222212*********x x x x x x +---=，即121212250x x y y y y ++++=．同理可得131313250x x y y y y ++++=．因为直线1112(1)50x x y y y ++++=同时经过点QR ，所以QR 的直线方程为1112(1)50x x y y y ++++=．联立椭圆方程2212x y +=可得222111118(1)8(5)16480x y x x y x y ⎡⎤++++++=⎣⎦，于是[]2222211111111Δ8(5)48(1)(1648)64(1)(3)0x y x y y y x y ⎡⎤=+-+++=+--=⎣⎦．故直线QR 与椭圆相切，因此3m =符合题意．19．【解析】（1）若1y q ==，222(,2)()()(1)(1)F x x y x qy x q xy y x =++=+++=+，而[]11(,2)2()(1)()2(1)q q D F x x y q x y x =+=++=+．（2）当0k =时，[][](1)2!(0,)(0,)(0,)!n n k n q q n k D F n D F n F n q y n --===．当0k ≠时，由[][][](0,)11(0)kn kq qD F n n n k y -=-⋅⋅⋅++[][][][][]()(1)()(1)/22!11!n k n k n k n k n kn k n n n n k qyqy n k --------=-⋅⋅⋅-+=-，可得[][]()(1)2!(0,)!n k n k k n k q n k D F n q y n -----=．因此[][]()(1)2!(0,)!n k n k k n k q n k D F n q y n -----=，0,1,2,,k n = ．（3）要证[]0(0,)(,)!k nq k k D F n F x n x k ==∑，只需证[][][][][]1()(1)/2(1)/200!!()()()![]!!!nnn n k n k n k kk k n k k k k n n x y x qy x qy q y x q x y n k k n k k -------==++⋅⋅⋅+==--∑∑．令1()()()()nn k k k G y x y x qy x q y a y -==++⋅⋅⋅+=∑，一方面，110101()()()()n nkkk k k n n k k k n k k x y G qy x y a q y xa xq a q a y a q y -+-==+=+=+++∑∑，另一方面，10101()()()()n nnnkn k n n k k k n k k x q y G y x q y a y xa xa q a y a q y +-==+=+=+++∑∑，当1q ≠且0x ≠时，由于()()()()nx y G qy x q y G y +=+，比较两式中ky 的系数可得111k k n k k k k xq a q a xa q a ---+=+，则[]1111(1)[]k n k k kk q n k a q q a x q x k ----+-==-⋅，由0na x =可知[][][](1)1120120!!!k k n k k k k k k n a a a a a q x a a a n k k -----=⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅=-．当1q =时，由[]11n n q qn -=++⋅⋅⋅+=，[]!!n n =可知()[][]00!C ![]!nn nn k k k n k kn k k n x y y x yx n k k --==+==-∑∑，此时命题也成立．当0x =时，[](1)/2(0,)(,)(0,)!k nq n n nk qk D F n F x n qy D F n x k -====∑也成立．综上所述，()()[]00,,!knq k k D F n F x n x k ==∑．。
高三语文晚练限时训练
高三语文晚练限时训练高三2011-12-27 21:17高三语文晚练限时训练一．阅读下面这首宋诗，然后回答问题。
(8分)放歌行(其一)陈师道当年不嫁惜娉婷，抹白施朱作后生。
说与旁人须早计，随宜梳洗莫倾城。
(1)作者在诗中为我们塑造了一个怎样的人物形象?(3分)答：(2)有人说这首诗言在此而意在彼，试简析之。
(5分)答：二、阅读下列文言文，然后回答问题。
豁然堂记〔明〕徐渭越中山之大者，若禹穴、香炉、蛾眉、秦望之属以十数，而小者至不可计。
至于湖，则总之称鉴湖，而支流之别出者，益不可胜计矣。
郡城隍祠，在卧龙山之臂，其西有堂，当湖山环会处。
语其似，大约缭青萦白，髻峙带澄。
而近俯雉堞①，远问村落。
其间林莽田隰之布错②人禽宫室之亏蔽③稻黍菱蒲莲芡之产耕渔犁楫之具纷披于坻洼烟云雪月之变倏忽于昏旦。
数十百里间，巨丽纤华，无不毕集人衿带上。
或至游舫冶尊，歌笑互答，若当时龟龄④所称“莲女”“渔郎”者，时亦点缀其中。
于是登斯堂，不问其人，即有外感中攻，抑郁无聊之事，每一流瞩，烦虑顿消。
而官斯土者，每当宴集过客，亦往往寓庖于此。
独规制无法，四蒙以辟，西面凿牖，仅容两躯。
客主座必东，而既背湖山，起座一观，还则随失。
是为坐斥旷明，而自取晦塞。
予病其然，悉取西南牖之，直辟其东一面，令客座东而西向，倚几以临，即湖山，终席不去。
而后向之所云诸景，若舍塞而就旷，却晦而即明。
工既讫，拟其名，以为莫“豁然”。
宜既名矣，复思其义曰：“嗟乎，人之心一耳。
当其为私所障时，仅仅知有我七尺躯，即同室之亲，痛痒当前，而盲然若一无所见者，不犹向之湖山，虽近在目前，而蒙以辟者耶？及其所障既彻，即四海之疏，痛痒未必当吾前也，而灿然若无一而不婴于吾之见者，不犹今之湖山虽远在百里，而通以牖者耶？由此观之，其豁与不豁，一间耳，而私一己，公万物之几系焉。
此名斯堂者与登斯堂者，不可不交相勉者也，而直为一湖山也哉？”既以名于是义，将以共于人也，次而为之记。
［注］①]雉堞：泛指城墙。
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高三限时训练5
一、选择题（题型注释）
1．如图A 、B 是某种雄性哺乳动物体内细胞分裂示意图，下列叙述正确的是（ ）
A ．A 细胞处于有丝分裂后期，
B 细胞处于减数第一次分裂后期 B ．A 细胞内有染色体8条，B 细胞内有同源染色体0对
C ．A 细胞会发生基因重组、基因突变
D ．B 细胞分裂产生的子细胞能直接与卵子结合 【答案】B ．
【解析】试题分析：A ．A 细胞处于有丝分裂后期，B 细胞处于减数第二次分裂后期，A 错误；
B ．A 细胞内含有4对同源染色体、8条染色体，B 细胞内不含同源染色体，B 正确；
C ．基因重组只能发生在减数分裂过程中，而A 细胞进行的是有丝分裂，不会发生基因重组，C 错误；
D ．B 细胞产生的子细胞经过变形（精子）获能后才能与卵子结合，D 错误． 2．下图为某生物细胞处于不同分裂时期的示意图，下列叙述正确的是（ ）
A ．甲、乙、丙中都有同源染色体
B ．丙图中央会出现细胞板
C ．将能出现基因重组的是乙
D ．丙的子细胞是精细胞 【答案】C
【解析】根据各图中染色体的形态和数目，可判断图中甲是有丝分裂中期，乙是减数第一次分裂前期，丙是减数第二次分裂后期的次级卵母细胞，丙中没有同源染色体，A 错误；题图均无细胞壁，说明是动物细胞，不会形成细胞板，B 错误；基因重组发生在减数第一次分裂过程中，所以能够出现基因重组的是乙，C 正确；丙图为次级卵细胞细胞，分裂后产生一个极体和一个卵细胞，D 错误。
【考点定位】细胞分裂
3．在观察根尖分生组织细胞的有丝分裂实验中，制作装片的正确顺序是（ ） A ．染色→解离→漂洗→制片 B ．解离→漂洗→染色→制片 C ．漂洗→解离→染色→制片 D ．解离→染色→漂洗→制片 【答案】B 【解析】
试卷第2页，总5页
………○…………答※※题※※
………○…………试题解析：观察细胞有丝分裂实验的步骤：解离（解离液由盐酸和酒精组成，目的是使细胞分散开来）、漂洗（洗去解离液，便于染色）、染色（用龙胆紫、醋酸洋红等碱性染料）、制片（该过程中压片是为了将根尖细胞压成薄层，使之不相互重叠影响观察）和观察（先低倍镜观察，后高倍镜观察）．：“观察根尖分生组织的细胞有丝分裂实验”中需要制作临时装片，其步骤是：解离→漂洗→染色→制片。
考点：本题考查教材中生物学实验的相关知识，意在考查考生能理解相关实验的原理和方法，把握材料和试剂的选择，熟练完成相关实验的能力。
4．如图是细胞分裂过程图，下列有关图中a 〜c 阶段（不含a 、c 两点）的有关叙述正确的是（ ）
A ．细胞中始终存在同源染色体
B ．细胞中始终存在姐妹染色单体
C ．细胞中染色体数与DNA 分子数的比是1:1
D ．细胞发生的是有丝分裂 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：减数第一次分裂同源染色体分离，则减数第二次分裂过程不存在同源染色体，因此图中bc 段不存在同源染色体，A 错误；间期形成染色单体，减数第二次分裂后期着丝点分裂，染色单体消失，则ac 段始终存在姐妹染色单体，B 正确；由于ac 段始终存在姐妹染色单体，因此此时期细胞中染色体数与DNA 分子数的比是1：2，C 错误；此阶段为减数分裂，没有发生有丝分裂，D 错误。
考点：减数分裂过程中染色体和DNA 的规律性变化
5．在其他条件适宜的情况下，在供试植物正常进行光合作用时突然停止光照，并在黑暗中立即开始连续取样分析，在短时间内叶绿体中C 3和C 5化合物含量的变化是 （ ） A ．C 3和C 5都迅速减少 B ．C 3和C 5都迅速增加
C ．C 3迅速增加，C 5迅速减少
D ．C 3迅速减少，C 5迅速增加 【答案】C
【解析】叶肉细胞在光照下进行稳定的光合作用时，C 3和C 5处于动态平衡状态，突然停止光照后，短时间内由于光反应速度下降，ATP 和[H]减少，C 3不能还原成C 5,而C 5仍能和CO 2反应生成C 3,结果C 3迅速增加，C 5迅速减少。
故选C 。
【考点定位】光合作用的过程
【名师点睛】光照和CO 2浓度变化对光合作用物质含量变化的影响
当外界条件改变时，光合作用中C 3、C 5、[H]、ATP 的含量变化可以采用下图分析：
（2）在以上各物质的含量变化中：C 3和C 5含量的变化是相反的，即C 3增加，则C 5减少；[H]和ATP 的含量变化是一致的，都增加，或都减少。
二、综合题（题型注释）
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第II 卷（非选择题）
请点击修改第II 卷的文字说明 三、综合题（题型注释）
6．（14分）下列是有关二倍体生物的细胞分裂信息，请分析回答：
（1）图甲细胞③的子细胞名称是 ；图甲中，含有同源染色体的是细胞（填标号） 。
（2）如果图乙中①→②完成了图丙中AB 段的变化，则图乙a 、b 、c 中表示染色体的是 。
图甲中细胞③产生的子细胞内，a 、b 、c 的数量分别为 。
（3）图丙中CD 段形成的原因是 。
（4）若某二倍体生物的卵细胞中含有36条染色体，该生物的体细胞中染色体数最多有_ 条；在减数分裂过程中可形成 个四分体。
【答案】
（1）卵细胞和（第二）极体 ①② （2）a 2、0、2
（3）着丝点分裂，姐妹染色单体分开 （4）144 36 【解析】 试题分析：
（1）图甲中的细胞③进行不均等分裂，细胞中没有同源染色体，呈现的特点是：着丝点分裂后所形成的子染色体分别移向细胞两极，据此可判断处于减数第二次分裂后期，是次级卵母细胞，该次级卵母细胞产生的子细胞的名称是卵细胞和（第二）极体。
图甲中的细胞①和细胞②都含有同源染色体。
（2）图丙显示，AB 段每条染色体上的DNA 含量由1逐渐增至2，说明发生了DNA 复制。
图乙显示，DNA 复制前的①中的a ∶b ∶c ＝1∶0∶1, DNA 复制后的②中的a ∶b ∶c ＝1∶2∶2，据此可判断a 是染色体、b 是染色单体、c 是DNA 分子；图甲中细胞③含有4条染色体，每条染色体含有1个DNA 分子，不含染色单体，所以细胞③产生的子细胞中的染色体、染色单体、DNA 数目分别是2、0、2。
（3）图丙中的CD 段每条染色体上的DNA 含量由2减至1，是由于细胞中发生了着丝点分裂，姐妹染色单体分开。
（4）卵细胞是通过减数分裂产生的，其细胞中的染色体数是体细胞的一半。
若某二倍体生物的卵细胞中含有36条染色体，据此可推知：该生物正常体细胞中含有72条染色体，有丝分裂后期由于着丝点的分裂，导致细胞中的染色体数目加倍，所以该生物的体细胞中染色体数最多有144条。
正常体细胞有72条染色体，说明有36对同源染色体，在减数分裂过程中，联会的1对同源染色体可形成1个四分体，因此36对同源染色体可以形成36个四分体。
考点：本题考查细胞分裂的相关知识，意在考查学生能理解所学知识的要点，把握知识间的内在联系，能从题图中提取有效信息并结合这些信息，运用所学知识与观点，通过比较、分析与综合等方法对某些生物学问题进行解释、推理，做出合理的判断。