adjectives 形容词介绍

Adjective and Adjective Phrase
Classification of adjectives
big, small, bad, good, hot, cold
One-word adjectives
unkind, impossible, lovely voiceless a.+ a. bitter-sweet, light-blue a./ad. + ing participle good-looking
Central adjectives
used as modifier in a noun phrase subject/object complement
cannot satisfy both these requirements
Peripheral adjectives
Dynamic adjectives
a well-known German medical school an interesting little red French oil painting his first two interesting little red French oil painting
Adjectives denoting health conditions: well, ill Predicative adjectives
Non-gradable adjectives
perfect, excellent, extreme…
Adjectives and participles
Adjectives derived from –ing participles
alarming, boring, convincing, disappointing, encouraging, fascinating, heartening, inviting, lasting, missing, obliging, puzzling, refreshing, satisfying, tiring, vexing, worrying… Adjectives derived from –ed participles alarmed, bored, conceited, distinguished, educated, fascinated, hurried, interested, limited, noted, offended, pleased, reserved, tired, undecided, worried… badly-behaved, far-fetched, half-baked, highly-developed, newlyborn, newly-invented…
ancient manuscripts. (2002) A promising B agreeing C pleasing D obliging A 3. The party’s reduced vote was ___________ of lack of support for its policies. (2002) A indicative B positive C revealing D evident 4. There has been a __________ lack of communication between the union B and the management. (2002) A regretful B regrettable C regretting D regretted B family in Chinese cities now spends more money on housing than 5. The ____ before. (2002) A. normal B average C usual D geto -infinitive
She is stupid not to follow your advice. He was disappointed to hear about it. He was anxious to please his guest. He is impossible to teach. The government should be quick to react. Adjective + that-clause I am sure that you’ll succeed.= You are sure of success. She was amazed that he should arrive so soon. He is confident that he will be able to pass the exam.
B 6. During the summer holiday season it is difficult to find a(n) _______ room in the hotels here. (2002) A. empty B vacant C free D deserted 7. The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly A when he acquired the use of the ________. (2003) A latter B latest C later D last 8. With ________ exceptions, the former president does not appear in public A now. (2003) A rare B unusual C extraordinary D unique B 9. We have been hearing ________ accounts of your work. (2003) A favored B favorable C favorite D favoring D 10. During the summer holiday season there are no _______ room in this seaside hotel. (2003) A empty B blank C deserted D vacant
Adjective + prepositional phrase He was absent from the meeting. You should not be blind of the beauties of nature. He is famous for his fine acting. He is keen on politics. He thinks he is superior to us. I am week in French. I’m sick of winter. You book is very true to life. His work is worthy of praise.
Adjective (phrase) as modifier in noun phrases
Premodifying and postmodifying adjectives
When two or more premodifying adjectives appear on different levels, their normal order is like this: (determiner) → adjective denoting the speaker’s evaluation → adjective denoting size, shape, age → adjective denoting colour → adjective denoting nationality, origin, material → adjective denoting use or purpose → noun head
the members present = the members who were present a problem difficult to solve = a problem that is difficult to solve
Adjectives phrases as complement
Active vs. passive meanings
boiling water a charming girl exciting news a pleasing voice a terrifying story an interesting story contemptuous Credulous Dangerous Desirous Delightful Harmful Respectful Satisfactory Shameful Tiresome Troublesome boiled water a charmed girl an excited audience a pleased look a terrified woman an interested look contemptible credible endangered desirable delighted harmed respectable satisfied ashamed tired troubled
(cannot be placed before a noun as premodifier)
Adjectives with a- as prefix, such as: alike, alone, alive, asleep.
Adjective phrase vs. relative clause