初中英语动词不定式用法梳理
第十二章动词不定式(思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼)2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳
第十二章动词不定式思维导图知识梳理一、不定式概述动词不定式的基本形式是:“t o+动词原形”,有时可以不带to.不带to的不定式与动词原形同形,但它不是原形,而是一种语法形式.除基本助动词do和情态动词外,英语动词都有不定式形式.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分－主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语.动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语.不定式有时态、语态变化(以do为例):动词不定式的句法作用(一)作主语用作主语的动词不定式通常表示一种具体的、特定的行为,其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式.To obey the laws is everyone's duty.服从法律是每个人的职责.How to use the computer is a question.怎么使用计算机是一个问题.How to get there is not decided yet.怎样去那里还没决定下来.点拨(1)在很多情况下,常用it作形式主语,而把真实主语不定式放在谓语之后.It was difficult to sell my car.我的车很难卖掉.It's not known where to stay for the night.在哪里过夜还不知道.(2)如果要表示不定式的动作是谁做的,一般在不定式前加一个for短语.It will be a regret for us not to help him.我们没有帮助他是个遗憾.(3)在某些形容词(如kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等)作表语时,不定式前常可加一个以of引起的短语,来说明不定式指的是谁的情况.It would be rude of us to refuse their invitation.(我们)拒绝他们的邀请,会显得无礼.(二)作表语作表语,一般紧跟在系动词,如:be, seem, get等后面,用以说明主语.The question is when to start.问题是什么时候启程.You seem to have lost weight.你好像减肥了.What we have to do first is to find a solution.我们得做的第一件事是找出一个解决办法.点拨当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时,这个不定式只作单纯的表语,而不具有未来的含义.(三)作宾语能以不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有:agree, begin, decide, expect, forget, hope, learn, like, manage, pretend, start, try, want, wish等.Do you wish to see the manager?你想见经理吗?They decided to learn English hard.他们决定好好学英语.Don't forget to meet me at 6:00.别忘了六点钟和我见面.有些动词,如:tell, advise, show, teach, know, forget, learn , remember, show,understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, decide, discuss等后面,常用带疑问词的不定式作宾语.We don't know who(whom)to ask.我们不知道问谁.We asked how to get to the station.我们问怎么到达车站.Have you decided where to go for your holidays?你们决定到哪儿度假了吗?I don't know whether to apply for the job or not?那份工作我不知道申请还是不申请?(四)作定语I have no time to waste.我没有时间可浪费.Let me find a place to park.我来找个停车的地方.He is always the first to come to work and the last to leave.他总是第一个来上班,最后一个走.点拨不定式修饰something, anything, nothing时,放在它们的后面.如果something, anything, nothing 有形容词来修饰,词序是something(nothing...)+形容词＋不定式.My father had something to do.我父亲有事要办.Have you got anything important to buy?你有什么重要的东西要买吗?(五)作状语不定式常可用作状语,修饰动词,表示行为的目的、结果、原因等.一般放在被修饰词之后,但在表示目的时,为了强调也可放在句首.1.作目的状语为加强语气在否定式前还可加上in order或so as组成词组(即:in order to...,so as to...),作状语表示目的.To live a long and healthy life, we must learn to have a balanced diet.为了能过长寿而健康的生活,我们必须懂得吃均衡的食品.I stayed there so as to see what would happen.我留在那儿,为的是想看看会发生什么事.In order to help him, we would do everything we can.为了帮助他,我们愿意尽一切力量.2.作结果状语表结果,其逻辑主语通常亦是全句的主语.在“so...as to...”“such...as to..“enough to...”“only to...”以及“too...to...”等结构中的不定式皆表示结果.She is old enough to go to school.她已到了可以上学的年龄了.He was too drunk to drive home.他酩酊大醉,没法开车回家.3.作原因状语She trembled to think of the terrible accident.想到那可怕的车祸,她就不寒而栗.We jumped with joy to hear the news.听到这消息,我们都高兴地跳了起来.(六)宾语补足语1、有很多动词的后面都可以有不定式作宾语补足语常见的这类动词有:advise, ask, tell, help, wish, want, expect, forbid, persuade, press, request, teach, warn等.She asked her grandfather to play game with her.她请爷爷跟她一起做游戏.Mother told me to cook the meal.妈妈叫我做饭.2.有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to,这种动词有两类:一类是感觉动词,另一类是使役动词感觉动词:如feel, see, hear, watch, notice等.使役动词:如make, let, have等.Let me do it for you.让我来替你做.Don't let her go out.别让她出去.I made him work hard.我迫使他加劲干.(1)动词help之后,复合宾语中的不定式可带to,亦可不带to.在上述动词转换为被动结构时,其后的不定式必须带to.He was seen to enter the theatre.有人看见他走进了剧院.I was made to do my homework the whole night.我被迫整晚做作业.Can you help me (to) move this table?你能帮我移动一下这张桌子吗?(2)感官动词的宾语补足语有两种形式:不带to的不定式和动词-ing形式.I heard Meimei singing in her room when I went past.我路过的时候听见梅梅在房间里唱歌.(路过的瞬间正在唱,所以用singing)We often hear Meimei sing in her room.我们经常听见梅梅在房间里唱歌.(经常听见,用不定式)I saw him come in.I saw him coming in.两句话的意思都一样:我看见他进来.用不定式着重于动作的全过程,用动词-ing形式则是强调当时动作的进行情况.3.当谓语动词为think, make, find, consider, feel, regard等词,作宾语的不定式后面有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在补足语的后面I find it easy to learn English well.我发现要把英语学好很容易.三、不定式的主要句型及注意事项(一)不定式的否定式不定式的否定式:not+不定式,经常和ask(tell)sb. to do sth.句型连用.She asked me not to drive him to the station.她要我不要开车送他到车站.Try not to be late.争取不要迟到.Mary asked me not to give my pen to Jimmy.玛丽让我别把笔给吉米.She decided not to come here again.她决定不再到这儿来.点拨不定式的否定式和否定句的区别:I asked him not to open the door.我让他别把门打开.I didn't ask him to open the door.我没让他把门打开.(二)不定式的进行时态进行式:表示在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生时正在进行.It's nice to be sitting here with you.在这儿陪你坐着是非常愉快的.It is unwise for him to be talking that topic all the time.他老是谈论这件事,很不明智.(三)不定式的完成时态完成式表示在谓语动词的动作或状态发生时已经完成.She said she was sorry to have missed you.她说她没见到你很遗憾.He seemed to have visited our factory.他好像参观过我们的工厂.They appeared to have met before.他们看来以前见过面.(四)动词不定式的被动语态表示被动意义I didn't want to be told about it.我不想被告知这件事.Nothing seems to have been forgotten.似乎什么也没有被遗忘.The building is said to have been destroyed in a fire two years ago.据说这幢大楼两年前已毁于一场大火.在以某些形容词,如kind, good, silly, honest, bad, stupid, bold, clever, cruel,courteous, nice, rude, sensible, tactful, wise, wrong等作表语时,后面需用以“of+名词(或代词宾格)＋不定式”结构,以说明不定式所表示的动作的执行者是谁(即of短语是不定式的逻辑主语).It's very good of you to come.谢谢你的光临.How silly of you (it is)to make such a mistake!你出了这样的差错,多傻啊！It's very kind of you to say so.多谢你这么说.在had better, had best, would rather, would rather...than, would sooner, would sooner...than, cannot but, do nothing but等结构后面的不定式要省略“to”.You had better write it in English.你最好用英文写.I would rather stay at home.我宁愿待在家里.好题精练一、用-ing形式或不定式的适当形式完成句子1.Do you enjoy_________ football?(play)2.Fred didn't have any money, so he decided_________ a job.(take)3.We're going out for dinner, Would you like_________ us?(join)4.The teacher reminded the students_________ their test paper on time.(finish)5.When I was tired, I enjoyed_________ TV.(watch)6.It was a nice day, so the old man agreed_________ for a walk.(go)7.I'm not in a hurry, I don't mind_________.(wait)答案:1.playing2.to take3.to join4.to finish5.watching6.to go7.waiting二、选择括号内所给词组完成句子,注意括号内“go+v.-ing形式”构成固定搭配的用法(go boating; go fishing; go dancing; go running; go skating; go hunting; go singing)1.She's a good dancer. She always_________ on Saturday.2.I've got a gun. I'll_________ with that strong hunter next weekend.3.“Where is Tim?”“He has. _________ He always runs in the morning.”4.We have enough fish to eat. Our father_________ every day.答案:1.goes dancing2.go hunting3.gone running4.goes fishing三、仿照示例改写下列句子示例:It is very interesting to play baseball.→ To play baseball is very interesting.1.lt was not polite to speak that way before Mr. Lee.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.It can be quite easy to travel by air.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.lt will be no problem to arrive there before noon.____________________________________________________________________________________________4.To make those strangers believe us was so difficult.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.To help Tom speak Chinese well is not at all easy.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:1.To speak that way before Mr. Lee was not polite.2.To travel by air can be quite easy.3.To arrive there before noon will be no problem.4.It was so difficult to make those strangers believe us.5.It is not at all easy to help Tom (to) speak Chinese well.四、选择填空1. _________ the bookstore, he stopped_________ a few books.A. Passing; buyingB. Passing; to buyC. To pass; buyingD. Having passed; to buy2.Bruce,look at your dirty shoes, You'd better_________ them right now.A. washedB. washingC. washD. to wash3. _________ the room, I found the computer_________.A. Entering; stealingB. Entering; stolenC. To enter; stealD. To enter; stealing4.We've worked hard for nearly one hour. Let's stop_________ a rest now.A. haveB. to haveC. havingD. have had5.My mother always tells me not_________ to the net bars(网吧)．A. goB. to goC. goesD. going6.The teacher asked us_________ English for half an hour in the morning.A. reads B reading C. to read D. read7.You will have to get up early tomorrow. Stop_________ TV, Peter.A. watchesB. watchC. to watchD. watching8.I find it hard_________ English well.A. learnB. learningC. to learnD. learns9.The teacher asked John_________ a short talk in our class meeting.A. giveB. to giveC. gaveD. giving10.The girl was too poor_________ a houseA. to buy; to live inB. to buy ;to liveC. buy; to liveD. buying; living in11.It was very late at night, but Mr. Brown still went on_________.A. works B .worked C. working D. work12.Remember_________ him about it before he goes away.A. tellB. to tellC. tellingD. to telling13.Lin Tao is strong enough_________ the big box.A. carryB. to carryC. carryingD. carries14.Her mother told her_________ in bed.A. not readB. not to readC. don't readD. to not read15.When class began, we stopped_________ to the teacher carefully.A. listeningB. listenC. listens D .to listen16.You'd better_________ the cinema by bus.A. don't goB. to goC. to go toD. go to17.What did the manager_________ you to_________ at the meeting?A. tell; sayB. ask; speakC. tell; speakD. ask; talk18.Tom was let_________ in the gate house.A. waitB. to waitC. waitingD. to have waited19.Mr.Hu has enough time_________ the job in two days.A. finishB. to finishC. finishingD. finished20.Look,the building_________ is our library.A. is repairedB. being repairedC. repairingD. to be repairing21. _________ no money, I could not buy this coat.A. HaveB. HavingC. To haveD. Have had22.The teacher has something important_________ us.A. to tellB. tellsC. tellingD. told23.Li Ming didn't know_________ next.A. to do whatB. what to doC. how to doD. what do24.I'd love_________ to your birthday party.A. comeB. cameC. to comeD. comes25.It took me two hours_________ by bus.A. to get thereB. to get to thereC. get thereD. get to there答案:1-5BCBBB 6-10CDCBA11-15CBBBD 16-20DABBB21-25 BABCA五、改正下列句子的错误1.He seems to not hear from her.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.I hope see you soon.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.I made them to give the money back.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.The scientist gave us some advice on how learning English.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.No one noticed him to leave the room.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.Have you given up to smoke?____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.We found him waited at the school gate.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.Why not to turn off the light?____________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.She didn't want me go.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.I don't know to swim.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.China is a developed country belonging to the third world.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.It's getting dark. We have to find a hotel to live.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.He said he had an important meeting to attended.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.They don't allow that people smoke.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.It's difficult sell my car.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:1.He seems not to...2.I hope to see...3.I made them give...4....how to learn...5....him leave...6....given up smoking?7...him waiting...8.Why not turn off...9.She didn't want me to go.10.I don't know how to swim.11....a developing...12....to live in13....to attend.14. ...people to smoke.15...to sell my car.。
初中英语常用动词不定式的短语归纳
初中英语常用动词不定式的短语归纳动词不定式是英语语法中的一种非谓语动词形式，它由动词原形加上不定式符号to构成。
在初中英语中，学生们经常会遇到一些常用的动词不定式短语。
本文将对这些常用的动词不定式短语进行归纳总结。
1. 动词不定式用作目的状语动词不定式可以用来表达某种行为的目的或者目标。
常见的动词不定式短语包括：- in order to + 不定式：为了做某事。
例：I study hard in order to pass the exam.（我努力学习以通过考试。
）- so as to + 不定式：为了做某事。
例：She arrived early so as to find a good seat.（她早早到来是为了找一个好位置。
）- for + 不定式：为了做某事。
例：He exercises every day for better health.（他每天锻炼是为了更好的健康。
）2. 动词不定式用作主语动词不定式可以用作句子的主语，表示某种行为或者状态。
常见的动词不定式短语包括：- to + 不定式：做某事。
例：To learn a foreign language is beneficial for personal development.（学习一门外语对个人发展是有益的。
）- for + 名词 + to + 不定式：做某事。
例：For children to play outdoors is essential for their physical and mental health.（儿童出门玩耍对他们的身心健康至关重要。
）- it + 视为 + 不定式 + that从句：某人认为/觉得…例：It is important to eat a balanced diet every day.（每天吃均衡的饮食很重要。
）3. 动词不定式用作宾语动词不定式可以用作动词的宾语，表示某种行为的完成或者主观愿望。
初中英语知识点归纳动词不定式的基本用法
初中英语知识点归纳动词不定式的基本用法动词不定式是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式，通常由动词原形加上to 构成。
它具有名词、形容词和副词的性质，可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语和补语等成分。
本文将对动词不定式的基本用法进行归纳总结。
一、动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常常位于句首，具有强调的作用。
常见的句型有：1. To learn English well is my goal.学好英语是我的目标。
2. To drink eight glasses of water a day is beneficial to our health.每天喝八杯水对我们的健康有益。
二、动词不定式作宾语动词不定式可以作及物动词的宾语，常常跟在动词后面。
常见的动词有：1. want, hope, expect, plan, decide, promise, agree 等。
例如：I want to go to the park this weekend.我想这个周末去公园。
2. advise, encourage, allow, enable, force, teach 等。
例如：His teacher encourages him to learn new words every day.他的老师鼓励他每天学习新单词。
三、动词不定式作表语动词不定式可以作表语，说明主语的身份、职业、愿望等。
常见的句型有：1. His dream is to become a doctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。
2. Our aim is to win the game.我们的目标是赢得比赛。
四、动词不定式作补语动词不定式可以作及物动词的宾语补语和形容词的补足语。
常见的动词有：1. make, let, see, hear, watch, feel, notice, observe 等。
例如：She made her son do his homework.她让她的儿子做作业。
动词不定式的用法总结
动词不定式的⽤法总结动词不定式是⾮谓语动词的⼀种形式。
其结构是“to+动词原形”，否定形式为“not+to+动词原形”。
动词不定式在句中不充当谓语，不受主语的限制，但有时态和语态的变化。
⽤法总结⼀、动词不定式做主语1.动词不定式直接做主语。
2.下列特殊句型中的动词不定式做真实主语。
“It is+形容词+for sb.to do sth.”意为“做某事对某⼈来说是……的”。
其中句中的形容词多为描述性的词语，不对⼈或物的品格进⾏评价，如difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，impossible等。
“It is+形容词+of sb.to do sth.”意为“做某事对某⼈来说是……的”。
其中句中的形容词⽤于描述⼈的性格、品质，如kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等。
3.“It’s a/one’s+n.（task/duty/job）...+to do sth.”意为“做某事是……的任务/职责/⼯作”。
⼆、动词不定式做表语动词不定式做表语，⼀般⽤于be动词或seem等系表动词后⾯。
主语通常是wish，idea，works，task，job，aim等词。
三、动词不定式做宾语1.⼀些动词必须接动词不定式做宾语，这类动词有want（想要），decide（决定），ask（问、寻求），learn（学习），tell（告诉），teach（教、讲授），hope（希望），plan（计划），refuse（拒绝），expect（期待、期望），afford（负担得起），warn（警告），invite（邀请）等。
2.think，find，feel，make，believe等动词可⽤于“动词+it+形容词+to do sth.”结构。
在此句型中，it做形式宾语，⽽真正的宾语是后⾯的动词不定式。
四、动词不定式做宾语补⾜语1.后接带to的不定式做宾语补⾜语的动词有ask，want，tell，wish，wouldlike，teach，invite，advise，allow，order，encourage，warn等。
初中阶段动词不定式用法总结
初中阶段动词不定式用法总结1.作主语：- To swim is my favorite sport. 游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
- To learn English well is important for me. 学好英语对我来说很重要。
2.作宾语：- I want to go to the movies. 我想去看电影。
- She loves to read books. 她喜欢读书。
3.作宾补：- My mother asked me to do the chores. 我妈妈叫我做家务。
4.作目的状语：- I studied hard to pass the exam. 我努力学习为了通过考试。
- They went to the supermarket to buy some groceries. 他们去超市买些杂货。
5.作结果状语：- He ran so fast as to win the race. 他跑得非常快以至于赢得了比赛。
- She studied so hard as to get the highest grade. 她学得非常努力以至于获得了最高分。
6.作方式状语：- I go to school by bike. 我骑自行车上学。
7.作定语：- I have a friend to help me. 我有一个朋友来帮助我。
- This is a place to relax. 这是一个放松的地方。
总之，动词不定式在句子中可以作多种语法成分，如主语、宾语、宾补、状语和定语等。
掌握不定式的用法有助于丰富句子的表达方式。
动词不定式用法归纳
动词不定式用法归纳动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to是其符号，它没有人称和数的变化。
动词不定式在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
1、作主语· To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。
· To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。
· To say is to believe.眼见为实。
动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。
上面的句子可以改为：· It is hard to be a doctor. · It is not easy to learn English w ell. · It’s important to plant trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。
· It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。
· It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。
2、作表语在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。
从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。
动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。
· His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。
· My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。
· Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。
初中英语中的动词不定式
初中英语中的动词不定式动词不定式作在句中可以充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语等。
1.动词不定式作宾语当句了中已经有谓语动词，而我们又要表达不止一个动作概念时，其它的动词可以使用非谓语形式表达。
动词不定式就是动词的种非谓语形式，其基本形式是“to + 动词原形”。
如：He wants to play football after class，他想课后瑞足球.Remember to turn off the light when you leave the romm. 记住离开房间时把关灯了。
注意：动词不定式在句子中不作谓语，因此没有人称、数和时态的变化。
动词不定式在句中常作谓语动词的宾语，这一类谓语动词常见的有：agree(同意)，choose(选择)，decide(决定)，forget(忘记)，hope(希望)，learn(学习)，ike(喜欢)，plan(计划)，prepare(准备)，promise(答应)，refuse(拒绝)，remember(i记得)，seem(觉得好像)，want(想要)，wish(希望)，would like(想要)。
我们可以这样来记忆，choose to do something，decide to do something等。
She decided to visit her grandparents this weekend.她决定这个周未去看望她的祖父母。
注意：动词不定式的否定形式是“not to + 动词原形”。
如：You must promise not to be late again.你必须保证不再迟到了。
2.疑问词+ 动词不定式我们可以用“疑问词+ 动词不定式”结构作动词的宾语。
疑问词包括疑问代词wht、which、who和疑问副词how、when、where等。
常和“疑问词+ 动词不定式”结构连用的动词及动词短语有：know、learn、see、hear、ask、tell、advise、decide、explain、find out、forget、remember、think、understand、wonder等。
初中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式
初中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式动词的不定式是英语中的重要语法现象之一，学好不定式的用法可以帮助我们更好地理解和运用英语。
本文将对初中英语中动词的不定式进行归纳总结，以便同学们能够更加系统地掌握这一知识点。
一、动词的不定式形式英语中的动词不定式形式为“to + 动词原形”，其中“to”为不定式符号。
不定式的形式通常不受主语的人称和数的限制，一般用作动词、名词、形容词的宾语或补语。
二、不定式作动词的宾语动词不定式可以作为其他动词的宾语，常见的动词有：want, hope, plan, like, love, hate, enjoy等。
例如：1. I want to be a doctor when I grow up.（我长大后想当一名医生。
）2. They like to play basketball in their free time.（他们闲暇时喜欢打篮球。
）三、不定式作名词的补语不定式可以作为某些动词后的名词的补语，常见的动词有：be, become, seem, feel, appear等。
例如：1. Her dream is to become a famous singer.（她的梦想是成为一名著名的歌手。
）2. It seems to be a nice day for a picnic.（今天似乎是个适合野餐的好天气。
）四、不定式作形容词的补语不定式可以作为某些形容词后的补语，常见的形容词有：happy, sad, glad, ready, willing等。
例如：1. He is happy to help others.（他乐意帮助别人。
）2. I am ready to take on the challenge.（我准备好迎接挑战。
）五、不定式作目的状语不定式可以作为目的状语，表示动作的目的或者用途。
常见的动词有：go, come, try, learn, study等。
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八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。
有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。
不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。
动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。
一、用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。
动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。
如：1. I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems.2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.3.How to learn English well is important.4.To see is to believe.(眼见为实；百闻不如一见)二、用作表语动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。
如：1.The best way is to join an English club.2.The first thing is to listen to the teacher carefully.三、用作宾语1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。
如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3)Id love to visit Mexico.2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...，介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。
如：1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations.3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式，句子结构是...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。
如：I find it difficult to remember everything.4.既可接动词不定式又可接ving形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love 等。
一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，ving形式表习惯性的连续动作。
但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。
如：1)Then I started to watch Tv.2)I’m beginning to understand my parents.begin用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。
3)I like to eat vegetables.感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。
5.后接动词不定式或ving形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。
后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接ving形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。
stop to do停下来做另外一件事，to do是目的状语；stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事，doing是宾语。
try to do 尽力做，try doing试试看；go on to do接着做另外的事，go on doing继续做原来的事。
如：1)When I left home, I forgot to bring it with me.2)I stopped using them last year.四、用作定语1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系.1)I have so many clothes to wash today.2)I can’t think of any good advice to give her.3)We have no houses to live in.2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time, way等时，不定式与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系。
如：1)He needs time to do homework.2) He wants to know the best way to travel around the city.3.在“there be...”句型里，句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象：1)There’s just so much to see and do here.2)... but there are still many things to do there.五、用作宾语补足语1.带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, , advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect, , invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。
如：1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house.2 We should allow the children to choose their own clothes.2.动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里不带to，被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, listen to，一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。
如：1)This picture makes me feel excited！2)We saw Liu Yu play baseball last week.3.help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。
1) they can help you to learn English.2)Using email English helps you write quickly.六、用作状语1.目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。
如：1)In order to catch the early bus, she got up very early.2)A group of young people got together to discuss this question.3)She came to this city to visit her daughter.2.原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”结构句中。
如：1) I feel very lucky to have him.2) he ran out of money to buy old bikes.3.结果状语，多见于“too...to”，“enough to...”结构句中。
如：1) I’m too tired to do it well.2)The room is big enough for three people to live in.七、动词不定式的复合结构动词不定式的复合结构是“for / of sb. to do sth.”，for / of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。
这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of，主要决定于前面形容词的性质。
一般说来，of前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既说明人的特性，又说明不定式动作的特性。
for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，前面如果是名词用for。
如：1.It’s a good idea for parents to allow children to study in groups during the evening.2.It’s wise of him to do it well.3)Is it interesting for the baby to play with a pet dog?八、带疑问词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。
这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。
要注意的是，why 后面的不定式不带to。
如：1.用作句子的成分。
1)I don’t know what to try next. (作宾语)2)Where to go is not decided yet.(作主语)2.单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。
1)What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?2)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?九、动词不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not / never to do...，不带to的不定式的否定式是not / never do...如：1.They decide not to talk to each other.2.His parents tell him never to play soccer in the street.单项选择：（）1. The teacher told them ________ make so much noise.A. don’tB. notC. will notD. not to（）2. My mother often tells me _______so many mistakes.A. not to makeB. to not makeC. do n’t makeD. not make（）3. Tell him _______ the window.A. to shut (关)notB. not to shutC. to not shutD. not shut（）4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______.A. not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not to（）5. Mrs Smith warned(警告) her daughter ________ after drinking.A. never to driveB. to never driveC. never drivingD. never drive（）6. The doctor asked the patient ____rich food after the operation(手术).A. to eat notB. eating notC. not to eatD. not eating（）7. The workers want us ________ together with them.A. workB. workingC. to workD. worked（）8. I saw him _______ out of the room.A. goB. wentC.is goingD. goes（）9. He often makes his little sister _____,A. cryB. cryingC. criedD. to cry（）10 There’re so many kinds of new bikes on sale that I can’t make up my mind _____ to buy.A. whatB. whichC. howD. where（）11. He can’t decide ______ to stay or not.A. whetherB. ifC. eitherD. if he will（）12. --- The light in the office is still on. --- Oh, I forgot _______.A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. turned it off（）13. We agreed _________ here.A. metB. meetingC. to meetD. meet（）14. Frank is the kind of person who people like to ________.A. make friend withB. make friends ofC. make friendsD. make friends with（）15. Go on ________ the other exercise after you finishthis one.A. to doB. doingC.doesD. did（）16. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rockA. restedB. restingC. to restD. rest（）17. Tom kept quiet about the accident because he was afraid of____ his job.A. loseB. to loseC. losingD. lost（）18. I need a day or two ________.A. to think it overB. to think overC. of thinking（）19. He was too excited _________.A. speakB. to speakC. not to speakD. speaking（）20. I’m hungry. Get me so mething _________.A. eatB. to eatC. eatingD. for eating（）21. --- I usually go there by train.--- Why not _______ by boat for a change ?A. to try goingB. trying to goC. to try and goD. try going（）22. I asked him to _______ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems.A. spendB. spareC. saveD. share（）23. They won’t let his mother _______him in that way.A. to treatB. treatedC. treatD. treats（）24. I’m sorry I forgot ______your dictionary. Let’s borrow one from Li Ming.A. to takeB. takingC. to bringD. bringing（）25. She couldn’t decide which restaurant _______.A. to have lunchB. to eatC. to eat atD. eating at（）26. Don’t forget _________ the letter .A. to sendB. sendC. sendingD. sent（）27. The chair looks very old, I want a new one _________ .A. sitB.to sit onC. satD.sit on（）28. Is ______ necessary to return the book tomorrow ?A. thisB. thatC. itD. which（）29. I’m afraid they would not allow（允许）him ________ here .A. to smokeB. smokingC. smokesD. smoke（）30. Mother told me ________ the water before I drank it .A. boilingB. boiledC. boilD. to boil（）31. On my way home , I stopped _______ some food .A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. bought（）32. He made John _______ the car for a week as a punishment(惩罚) .A. to washB. washingC. washD.are washing （）33. He needs _______his bedroom ,because it’s too dirty.A. cleanB. cleaningC. to cleanD. cleaned（）34. The first thing is __________ .A. visit to himB. to visit himC. visiting himD. visited him（）35. Li Yang advised me _________ too much.A. not to drinkB. to drinkC. not drinkingD. drinking。