sandwich generation
三明治一代名词解释
"三明治一代"是一个用来描述出生在20世纪末90年代末至21世纪初的一代人的术语，通常指的是1985年到2000年左右之间出生的一代。
这个术语源自于三明治的构造，代表着这一代人生于数字化和全球化的时代，同时也处在两个不同的社会时期之间。
具体来说，这一代人经历了以下的社会、科技和文化变革：
1. 数字化革命：三明治一代是数字科技普及的见证者，他们成长过程中亲身经历了互联网的兴起，电子设备的普及，以及社交媒体的崛起。
他们的童年可能并不被数字科技主导，但他们的青少年时期和成年后则深受数字化生活的影响。
2. 全球化：与前几代相比，三明治一代更容易接触到来自不同文化背景的信息。
他们生活在一个全球化的世界，通过互联网、国际化的娱乐和文化产品更容易与全球其他地区互动。
3. 社会变革：三明治一代经历了社会结构、家庭模式和职业观念的变革。
他们可能在家庭中体验到父母辈传统观念的影响，同时也受到了新一代的开放观念和多元文化的影响。
4. 环境意识：由于亲历全球变暖、环境污染等问题，三明治一代更加关注环境问题，注重可持续发展和环保。
需要注意的是，"三明治一代"这一术语并没有正式的学术定义，它更多是一种通俗的说法，用来描述某一特定年代出生的人群，强调他们身临两个时代之间的变革。
hw软件测试(周)4
试，其功能分解如图：
自顶向下集成
自顶向下的集成测试就是按照系统层次结构 图，以主程序模块为中心，从顶层控制（主控模 块）开始，自上而下按照深度优先或者广度优先 策略，对各个模块一边组装一边进行测试。
自顶向下集成测试的步骤：
1. 以主模块为被测试模块，主模块的直接下属模块 则用桩模块来代替。 2. 采用深度优先或宽度优先策略，用实际模块替换 相应的桩模块（每次仅替换1个或少量几个）， 它们的直接下属模块则用桩模块来代替，与已测 试的模块或子系统集成为新的子系统。 3. 对新形成的子系统进行测试。 4. 若所有的模块都已集成到系统中，则结束集成， 否则转步骤2。
自底向上集成 自底向上集成是从系统层次结构图的最底层模 块开始按照层次结构图，逐层向上进行组装和集 成测试的方式。
自底向上集成测试的步骤： 1. 为最底层模块开发驱动模块，对最底层模块进行 测试； 2. 用实际模块替换驱动模块，与其直属子模块集成 为一个子系统； 3. 为新形成的子系统开发驱动模块，对该子系统进 行测试； 4. 若该子系统已对应为主控模块，则结束集成，否 则转步骤2；
单元测试的目的 验证代码能否达到详细设计的预期要求。
发现代码中不符合编码规范的地方。
准确定位发现的错误，以便排除错误。
单元测试环境
由于一个模块或一个方法（Method）并不是一 个独立的程序，在考虑测试它时要同时考虑它和外 界的联系，因此要用到一些辅助模块，来模拟与所 测模块相联系的其他模块。一般把这些辅助模块分 为两种： 1、驱动模块（driver）:相当于所测模块的主程序。 2、桩模块（stub）:用于代替所测模块调用的子 模块。 那么，所测模块和与它相关的驱动模块及桩模 块共同构成了一个“测试环境”。
介绍三明治英语作文
介绍三明治英语作文Title: The Art of the Sandwich。
Sandwiches are an essential and beloved part ofcuisines worldwide. From their humble beginnings to their diverse modern varieties, sandwiches have evolved into a culinary art form. Today, let's delve into the world of sandwiches, exploring their history, ingredients, and cultural significance.To begin with, the origins of the sandwich can betraced back to the 18th century. The story goes that John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich, was a keen gambler who requested his meals to be served between slices of bread, allowing him to continue playing cards without interruption. This simple concept quickly caught on, leading to the widespread popularity of the sandwich.The beauty of a sandwich lies in its versatility. It typically consists of two slices of bread with a filling inbetween. The types of bread used can vary widely, ranging from classic white or whole wheat to artisanal choices like ciabatta or focaccia. The filling options are practically limitless, catering to diverse tastes and dietary preferences.In terms of ingredients, sandwiches can accommodate nearly any combination of meats, cheeses, vegetables, spreads, and condiments. Common fillings include slices of ham, turkey, or roast beef paired with cheeses like cheddar or Swiss. Vegetarian options abound with fresh lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers, and avocados. Spreads such as mayonnaise, mustard, pesto, or hummus add flavor and moisture to the sandwich.One iconic sandwich is the classic BLT (Bacon, Lettuce, and Tomato). This beloved sandwich features crispy bacon, fresh lettuce leaves, juicy tomato slices, and a dollop of mayonnaise nestled between two slices of toasted bread. Another favorite is the club sandwich, stacked with layers of turkey or chicken, bacon, lettuce, tomato, and mayonnaise.In different cultures, sandwiches take on unique forms. For instance, in Mexico, tortas are popular sandwiches made with bolillo rolls filled with meats, beans, avocado, and spicy salsa. In Vietnam, the banh mi combines French and Vietnamese influences, with a baguette filled with pickled vegetables, cilantro, jalapeños, and a choice of meatslike pork or pâté.The significance of sandwiches extends beyond mere sustenance. They are portable and convenient, making them ideal for on-the-go meals or picnics. Sandwiches are also deeply ingrained in social customs, often associated with casual gatherings, lunch breaks, or afternoon teas.Moreover, sandwiches reflect cultural identities and regional tastes. The Philly cheesesteak represents Philadelphia's culinary heritage, featuring thinly sliced beef and melted cheese in a hoagie roll. In the Middle East, falafel sandwiches are cherished, showcasing chickpeafritters tucked into pita bread with tahini sauce and fresh veggies.In conclusion, sandwiches are more than just a quick meal option—they embody a rich history, culinary innovation, and a universal appeal. Whether it's a simple peanut butter and jelly sandwich or a gourmet creation from a Michelin-starred chef, sandwiches continue to captivate taste buds and inspire creativity around the globe. So, the next time you enjoy a sandwich, take a moment to appreciate the artistry and tradition that goes into this beloved culinary masterpiece.。
三明治的做法和来源英文作文
三明治的做法和来源英文作文Sandwiches are a beloved and ubiquitous food item enjoyed around the world. They are a convenient and versatile meal option that can be customized to suit individual tastes and dietary preferences. The origins of the sandwich can be traced back centuries, with various cultures and civilizations contributing to its evolution. In this essay, we will explore the recipe and origin of this beloved culinary creation.The basic structure of a sandwich consists of two or more slices of bread with a filling in between. The filling can be a wide range of ingredients, including meats, cheeses, vegetables, condiments, and more. The bread can be of various types, such as white, whole wheat, rye, or even specialty breads like ciabatta or focaccia.The origins of the sandwich can be traced back to the 18th century, with the invention often attributed to John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich. According to legend, Montagu was an avid gambler who, in order to avoid interrupting his card games, would request that a piece of meat be placed between two slices of bread, allowing him to eat without using utensils. This convenient and portable mealbecame known as the "sandwich," named after the Earl of Sandwich.While the specific origins of the sandwich may be debated, the concept of using bread to hold various fillings has existed for centuries in different cultures. In ancient Greece, for example, people would use flatbreads to hold meat, cheese, and other ingredients. Similarly, in ancient Rome, soldiers would carry simple meals of cheese and bread, which could be considered an early form of the sandwich.The recipe for a classic sandwich is relatively straightforward, but the possibilities for variations are endless. The basic steps to make a sandwich are as follows:1. Choose the bread: Select the type of bread you prefer, such as white, whole wheat, rye, or a specialty bread.2. Prepare the fillings: Gather your desired fillings, such as sliced meats, cheeses, vegetables, condiments, and any other desired ingredients.3. Assemble the sandwich: Place one slice of bread on a flat surface. Layer the fillings on top of the bread, being mindful of the placement and proportions to ensure a balanced and cohesive sandwich. Top with the second slice of bread.4. Cut and serve: Slice the sandwich in half, diagonally or straight across, and serve.The versatility of sandwiches allows for endless customization and creativity. From classic combinations like ham and cheese to more adventurous options like pulled pork with coleslaw, the possibilities are endless. Sandwiches can be enjoyed for breakfast, lunch, or dinner, and can even be transformed into a dessert with sweet fillings like fruit and chocolate.Beyond the traditional sandwich, there are also various regional and cultural variations that have emerged over time. In the United States, the Philly cheesesteak, the Cuban sandwich, and the po' boy are all examples of unique and iconic regional sandwiches. In the United Kingdom, the bacon butty and the chip butty are beloved local specialties. In Japan, the Katsu sando, featuring breaded and fried pork or chicken, has become a popular convenience store and café offering.The popularity of sandwiches has also led to the development of specialized tools and equipment to enhance the sandwich-making experience. From sandwich presses and toasters to specialized slicers and cutters, there are a wide range of gadgets and appliances designed to make the process of creating sandwiches more efficient and enjoyable.In conclusion, the sandwich is a beloved and versatile food item witha rich history and diverse cultural influences. From its humble beginnings as a convenient meal for gamblers to its modern-day status as a staple in households and eateries worldwide, the sandwich has evolved and adapted to suit the tastes and preferences of people around the globe. Whether you prefer a classic grilled cheese or an adventurous fusion creation, the sandwich remains a beloved and enduring culinary icon.。
sandwich的由来
sandwich的由来【sandwich的由来】一、介绍在我们日常生活中，三明治（sandwich）被广泛使用并深受喜爱。
无论是早餐、午餐还是晚餐，它都是一种快捷、方便的选择。
然而，很少有人真正理解三明治的源起和历史。
本文将通过一步一步的回答，揭开三明治的来历和演变过程。
二、三明治的发明者是谁？许多人都认为三明治是由英国人发明的，甚至有人认为是由伯爵John Montagu（第四代桑威奇伯爵）发明的。
据说，桑威奇伯爵是一名爱打牌的人，他不愿离开桌上的牌局，因此他让仆人将食物放在两片面包之间，以便他可以单手进食。
这种食物组合得到了其他人的喜爱，然后被命名为"桑威奇"，最终演变为"三明治"。
三、三明治的真正源起然而，这种说法并非完全正确。
事实上，三明治的历史可以追溯到古希腊和古罗马时期。
古希腊人经常用面包和其他食物来做一种类似三明治的食物，而古罗马人也有类似的习惯。
这表明三明治并不是桑威奇伯爵发明的，而是源自古代文明。
四、三明治的演变在古代文明后，三明治的烹饪方法逐渐扩展。
在15世纪的意大利，人们开始将肉、奶酪和蔬菜放在面包上，制作成类似现代三明治的食物。
然而，当时的这种食物并没有被命名为“三明治”。
五、来自海军的影响在18世纪的欧洲，三明治的发展迅速。
这得益于18世纪中叶英国皇家海军的贡献。
当时，海军士兵们发现在长时间航海中，以肉或鱼片包裹面包更容易食用。
这种用面包包裹食物的方式很快传播到民间，成为常见的食用方式。
六、三明治的命名三明治这个名称最早可以追溯到18世纪末。
根据历史记载，三明治这个词首次出现在一份由伦敦音乐厅创办人爱德华·吉本斯（Edward Gibbons）发表的1800年的报纸上。
报道中提到了英国政治家爱德华·蒙泰戈（Edward Montagu）伯爵的故事，这个人后来成为了广为人知的第四代桑威奇伯爵。
七、三明治的流行三明治在19世纪后期变得越来越流行。
2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--选词填空--学生版(纯净word已校对终结版)
Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Overcoming Obstacles: How Your Biggest Failure Can Lead to Your Success There’s been a lot written on the theme of failure and how essential it is to success. In a world where ___31___ is given for people’s accomplishments, failing feels dangerous. The fear of failure can stop people taking risks that might lead to success.Heidi Grant Halvorson, a psychologist, points out much of success is ___32___ not on talent but on learning from your mistakes.About half of the people in the world hold that ability in an area --- be it creative or social skill --- is natural. The other half believes, instead, that someone might have a preference or something --- say painting or speaking foreign languages --- but this ability can be improved through ___33___ practice or training.It’s almost impossible to think rationally (理性地) while shouting at yourself, “I’m a failure”. But when you ___34___ your thinking, you will probably see what you can control --- your behavior, your planning, your reactions --- and change them.The primary ___35___ between successful people and unsuccessful people is that the successful people fail more. If you see failure as a monster approaching you, take another look.Success is as scary as failure. Researchers report that satisfaction grows on challenges. Think about it --- a computer game you can always win is boring; one you can win ___36___, and with considerable effort, is fun. In pursuit of success, failure exposes areas that you need to ___37___. So the failure serves as a brick wall to test how you apply yourself to ___38___ your objectives and how much you want them.There is a way to distinguish whether a failure ___39___ you to double down or walk away, says Halvorson. If, when things get rough, you remain fascinated by your goal, you should keep going. If what you’re doing is costing you too much time and energy or it’s not bringing you joy,you should give a second thought to the ___40___ of your goal and even set a new one.Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The NileThe ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-as‘the gift of the Nile’. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topsoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of ___33___ a Nilometer, was used to determine the size of the floods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river--___34___ to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) ___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts(囊肿). Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition(迷信). And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War II. The SuezCanal, opened in 1869, __________the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Workforce of the FutureThe workplace is changing rapidly. Rather than the standard working day of nine to five, employees are working more flexibly to meet their busy home lives. Advances in technology are ___31___ the very nature of the tasks and skills required in the workplace.To gain a full perspective of how the workplace is set to change over the next decade, employee benefits provider Unum UK ___32___ with The Future Laboratory to survey 3,000 workers across several industries. They also interviewed industry experts and business leaders on topics from artificial intelligence and robotics to the increase of flexible working and an ageing workforce.The resulting outlines some of the employment changes that businesses can expect to see over the next decade and predicts the ___33___ of two worker cultures which will dominate the workforce. They are the obligated and the self-fulfilled worker.“O bligated workers” refer to people with dependents and the sandwich generation, ___34___ raising children with caring for elderly parents. Therefore, they value a career ___35___ to life stages and events and financial security. Joel Defries, 33, father of one kid and partner at London Vodka said, “A flexible employer will allow me to have a long paternity leave(陪产假) and to value my family j ust as much as I value my job.”Self-fulfilled workers are committed to life-long learning and acquiring new skills rather than ___36___ to an employer. They actively look for personal development and want employee benefits that help them ___37___ both their personal and professional ambitions. They treat personal commitments and pursuits as ___38___ to professional commitments. Elly Kemp, 31, ___39___ a full-time employee, now working part-time in a cafe and also assisting with her grandmother’s care said, “My approach to work allows me the freedom to ___40___ my career at my own pace. I want my work to be fluid so I can change it when I want and to whatever makes me happy at the time.”Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Aurora(极光):wonders or disturbancesCanada，February 2017: I stood in the snow on a frozen lake, watching as the sky twisted in front of me. Green bands of light ____31____ out in the darkness. Slowly the colors twisted and broke and reappeared elsewhere until, suddenly, a whole band flowed and pulsed across the sky, ____32____ with delicate yellow. pinks and purples. It was as dramatic as thunderstorm, yet calm.Gentle,yet ____33____, Most of all,it was a gift.This was my fifth aurora trip and the first time I had seen fast movements and bright colors.The calm green auroral displays that many people see are driven by a(n)_____34_____ stream of particles(微粒) from called the solar wind. But when the sun throws us extra hot fast particles, this process goes overdrive-we get much more movement and colour, It is glorious! Aurora-spotters long for it.But for some, the wild movements of the heavens can have serious ____35____ Satellites’electronics are affected or damaged by incoming fast particles, ____36____ industries that rely on them. Flights may need to change course to avoid radio ____37____ around the poles, or to protectaircrew from enhanced radiation exposure. During a solar storm, aircrew may receive their annual radiation limit over a single flight.Stormy space weather affects us on the ground, too. A larger storm in 1989 caused a 10-hour electrical blackout over Canada's Quebec Province, costing the economy a(n) ____38____ C$10 billion. Disturbance of the atmosphere causes problems with radio broadcast and GPS. In September 2017,a huge solar fame ______39_____ just as Hurricane Fran hit the Caribbean. The resultant HF radio blackout held up the emergency response, Meanwhile, beautiful aurora displays were seen in England. Place its beauty aside, then, and the auroral ___40___is nothing other than a giant planetary disturbance, more of a worry than a wonder for some people. Yet seldom do such disturbances have such fascinating side effects as that of the aurora dancing across our Arctic skies.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, especially when the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat (31) _______ usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through oversweating following exhausting exercise. When the body becomes overheated and cannot (32) _______ this overheatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.Heat exhaustion is generally (33) _______ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) (34) _______ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down, (35) _______ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applying cool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.Heat stroke is much more serious; it is a(n) (36) _______ life-threatening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106° F or more); arapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating (37) _______. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be (38) _______ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or (39) _______ sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling (40) _______. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102° F.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.They’re till kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group ___31___ , even from their Millennial(千禧年的) elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they ___32___ the appearance of a new generation.The ___33___ between Millennial elders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has ___34___the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the technically ___35___ life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguish themselves as a new generation, which he has given them the nickname of “ingeneration”.Rosen says portability is key. They are ___36___ from their wireless devices, which allowthem to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected-even in class, where cell phones are ___37___ banned.Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens ___38___ distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change ___39___."The growth on the use of technology with children is rapid, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think, we have to give them options because they want their world ___40___.” Rosen says.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Welcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain. Over a period of nearly 1,000 years it has been ___31___ continuously, and altered and redecorated by monarchs(君主)one after the other. Some were great builders, strengthening the Castle against ___32___ and rebellion; others, living in more peaceful times, created a grand Royal residence. William the Conqueror chose the site, high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground. It was a day’s march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western ___33___ to the capital. The outer walls of today’s structure are in the same position as those of the ___34___ castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s.The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home, where she usually spends theweekend, and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties. Windsor Castle is ___35___ used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter (March-April).The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most ___36___ bits---the State Apartments, St. George’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are ___37___ decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It ___38___ among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.The Drawings Gallery ___39___ the exhibition “The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years”. The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen ___40___ in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Artificial skin is a substitute for human skin produced in the laboratory, typically used to treat burns. Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity, but all are designed to ___31___ at least some of the skin's basic functions, which include protecting against wetness and infection and regulating body heat.Skin is primarily made of two layers: the uppermost layer, the epidermis, which serves as a protection against the environment; and the dermis, the layer below the epidermis. The dermis also contains substances, which help to make the skin ___32___ and maintain its biological functions.Artificial skins close wounds, which prevents bacterial infection and water loss and in result the wounded skin can ___33___. For example, one commonly used artificial skin, Integra. functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell behavior and causes a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen(股原质) ___34___. The Integra “dermis” is also biodegradable(可生物降解的). It is gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis.Aside from its uses in the clinical35, artificial skin may also be used to model human skin for research. For example, artificial skin is used as an alternative in animal testing. Such testing may cause ___36___ pain and discomfort to the animals and it does not ___37___ predict the response of human skin. Some companies like L’óreal have already used ar tificial skin to test many ___38___ ingredients and products. Other research applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through skin.Today new technology has been developed by growing ___39 ___ of skin taken from the patient or other humans. One major source is the foreskins of newborns. Such cells often do not stimulate the body’s immune system-a mechanism that allows babies to develop within their mother’s body-and hence are much less likely to be ___40___ by the patient's body.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffet (自助餐) in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the ___33___ at either $4 or $8 for the all-you-can-eat meal. Customers were askedto ___34___ how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names.The experiment ___35___ that the people who paid $8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the “cheaper” buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they ___36___ . However, the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total, according to the study ___37___ at the Experimental Biology meeting this week.Brian Wansink, a professor of ___38___ behaviour at the university, said: “We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats, but a huge impact on how you ___39___ the experience.” He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals.Ina(n) ___40___ study, scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories (卡路里) than people who eat in brightly lit areas.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The Father of JD PrintingAbout twenty years ago, the surgeons at the Wilford Hull medical center working to separate a pair of conjoined(连体的) twins thought that only one would be able to walk after the operation. After a model of the girls’ bone structure was ____31____ using 3D printing, however, they found a shared upper leg bone to be bigger than expected and split it successfully, ____32_____ in both twins being able to walk. Now eighty and still working as chief technology officer of 3D Systems.Chuck Hull is enjoying some minor ____33____ 31 years after he first printed a small black eye-wash cup using a new method of manufacturing known as 3D printing.At the time, he was working for a company that used UV light to put thin layers of plastic coats on tabletops and ____34____. He had an idea that if he could place thousands of thin layers of plastic on top of each other and then cut their shape using light, he would be able to form three dimensional objects. After a year, he ____35____ a system where light was shone into a bottle of photopolymer – a material which changes from liquid to plastic-like solid when light shines on it –and traces the shape of one level of the object. Subsequent layers are then printed until it is ____36_____.After patenting the invention, he set up 3D Systems, ____37____ getting $6m (£3.5m) from a Canadian investor. The first ____38____ product came out in 1988 and proved a hit among car manufacturers, in the aerospace sector and for companies designing medical equipment. The possibilities appear endless – from home-printed food and medicine to ____39____ that pictures of objects be able to be taken in shops and then recreated using plans downloaded from the Internet Although deliberate in his responses, there is one moment when the ____40____ spoken Chuck Hull tells of his surprise about what exactly his creation was capable of achieving.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Want to figure out if someone is a psychopath (精神变态者)? Ask them what their favourite song is. A New York University study last year found that people who loved Eminem’s Lose Yourself and Justin Bieber’s What Do You Mean? were more likely to ___31___ highly on the psychopathy scale than people who were into Dire Straits.Over the past few years, Spotify has been enhancing its data analytic ___32___ in an attempt to help marketers ___33___ consumers with adverts tailored to the mood they’re in. They inferthis from the sort of music you’re listening to, ___34___with where and when you’re listening to it, along with third-party data that might be available.Now, to be clear, there’s nothing particularly ___35___ about what Spotify is doing with your data. I certainly don’t think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serve you ads promoting a culture war while you’re listening to the songs that ___36___ you might be in a casually racist mood. Nevertheless, I find it ___37___ that our personal private moments with music are increasingly being turned into data points and sold to advertisers.You can see where this could go, can’t you? As ad targeting gets ever more complicated, marketers will have the ability to target our emotions in ___38___ exploitative ways. According to one study, titled Misery Is Not Miserly, you are more likely to spend more on a ___39___ if you’re feeling sad. You can imagine some companies might take advantage of that. A nd on that note, I’m feeling a little down about all this. I’ll ___40___ off to treat myself to something expensive.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The ability of the herd mentality(从众心理) to increase people’s chances of liking or believing something may help explain a wide variety of phenomena. Aral (A managerial economist at the Massachusetts institute of technology) says, from housing ____31____ to gold prices and from political polls to restaurant reviews, the ____32____ that other people like something has a powerful ability to make people like it themselves.The new study ____33____ how simple it would be for companies to control reviews of their products by simply adding a few positive ____34____ of their own early reviews in the process, Aral adds.It found that effects were strongest when stories were about politics, business and culturesthan for fun or lifestyle pieces. In situations where there are more ____35____ news reviews, you have to be a little more cautious about interpreting likes and dislikes.“Think twice before you trust, how many likes something has,” he adds. “That’s something you have to ____36____ with a grain of salt (持怀疑态度).” And it’s a situation many online users ____37____ on a daily basis.Aral recently went on Yelp website to review a restaurant with a plan to give it three out of five stars, but when he got to the ____38____, he was shown how other people describe the same place and those reviews include someone with five stars. Seeing those positive reviews made him think twice about his own ____39____ average opinion.“A woman ____40____ how great it is, how great her great prices are and how the lemon sauce is so great,” he says. “Maybe it’s not such a good idea to say some rating right before you make your own.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Dealing with Difficult RelationshipsEveryone has at least one awkward or ____31____ relationship. It may be with somebody who will ____32____ your energy whenever you are with them. Or worse, it could be someone who always cuts you down. This person may be a family member or even a friend. No matter who it is, it’s necessary that you learn to set boundaries for yourself. Otherwise this kind of relationship can chip away at your self-esteem.Setting boundaries for difficult relationships starts by ____33____ how you are affected by the relationship. Do they b ring you closer to your goals or pull you farther away? For example, it’s time to study for tomorrow’s test. But your friend wants to take you to a party. Here, setting boundaries will help protect your ____34____ goals.Next, decide how much time you shou ld spend with these people. It’s easy to overcommit yourself. But it’s difficult to help others if you forget to protect your own ____35____.How do you know if a relationship is unhealthy, and it’s time to set boundaries? Here are a few practical questions to ask yourself.1. How does this relationship affect me?Every ____36____ can affect you positively or negatively. For example, someone whopressures you to something you’re not comfortable doing will ____37____ you out. But a friend who considers how you feel will respect your ____38____ to try something new.2. Why am I in this relationship in the first place?People may try to keep you in an unhealthy relationship. By ____39____ you it’s your obligation or duty, you forget about your own needs. Sadly, by remaining ____40____ to these people, you forget who you are. You allow them to take advantage of you or even belittle you.Settling boundaries requires taking a long, honest look at yourself. By saying “no” to harmful patterns in relationships, you say “yes” to a healthier you.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Is climate change consuming your favorite foods?Coffee: Whether or not you try to limit yourself to one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world’s coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice. Coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and unstable rainfall patterns, which invite disease and ____32____ species to live on the coffee plant and ripening beans. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield and less coffee in your cup. It is estimated that, if current climate patterns continue, half of the areas ____33____ suitable for coffee production won't be by the year 2050.Tea: When it comes to tea, warmer climates and erratic precipitation aren’t only ____34____ the world’s tea-growing regions, they’re also messing with its distinct flavor. For example, in India, researchers have already discovered that the Indian Monsoon has brought more intense rainfall, making tea flavor weaker. Recent research coming out of the University of Southampton suggests that tea-producing areas in some places, ____35____ East Africa, could decline by as much as 55 percent by 2050 as precipitation and temperatures change. Tea pickers are also feeling the ____36____ of climate change. During harvest season, increased air temperatures are creating an increased risk of heatstroke for field workers.Seafood: Climate change is affecting the world's aquaculture as much as its agriculture. As air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and ____37____ warming of their own. The result is a decline in fish population, including in lobsters (who are cold-blooded creatures), and salmon (whose eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temps). Warmer waters also _____38_____ toxic marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans whenever ingested with raw seafood, like oysters or sashimi.And that ____39_____ “crack” you get when eating crab and lobster? It could be silenced as shellfish struggle to build their calcium(碳) carbonate shells, a result of ocean acidification (absorb carbon dioxide from the air). According to a study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood ____40___ would run out by the year 2050.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Getting help with parenting makes a difference -- at any age New Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions(育儿干预) for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age, as in younger children.。
英国的三明治模式名词解释
英国的三明治模式名词解释众所周知，三明治是一种源于英国的传统食物，由两片面包夹着肉类、蔬菜或其他馅料构成。
然而，在英国的历史和文化中，三明治这个词汇不仅用于形容食物，还广泛应用于其他领域。
本文将介绍英国的三明治模式，并解释其在语言、文化和社会中的意义。
1. 英国经典的三明治英国经典的三明治是将各种食材层层叠加在两片面包中，常见的组合有熟肉、蔬菜、奶酪、酱汁等。
这种简单而实用的食物形式成为了英国餐桌的重要组成部分，并逐渐发展出各式各样的口味和风格。
英国人通常将三明治作为午餐或午后茶点的一部分，体现了英国人注重便利和品味的生活方式。
2. 语言中的三明治模式在英国的语言中，三明治模式指的是将一个概念或事物用多个名词组合在一起来进行描述的方式。
这种语言表达形式通常用于增加语境和清晰度，使人更好地理解和表达自己的观点。
举个例子，如果一个人说：“我喜欢听流行音乐和摇滚乐的中国歌手。
”这里的"流行音乐和摇滚乐的中国歌手"就是一个典型的三明治模式，通过将多个词汇组合在一起，准确地描述了他所喜欢的类型和国籍。
3. 文化的三明治模式英国的文化也存在着三明治模式。
这一模式反映了英国的多元性和融合性，而这也正是英国一直以来推崇的价值观之一。
英国是一个由多个国家和地区组成的国家，各地的文化和传统相互交织，形成了独特的文化氛围。
例如，英国的饮食文化融合了法国、印度、中东等国家的元素，形成了美味多样的菜肴。
这种文化三明治模式体现了英国作为一个多元化社会的特点。
4. 社会中的三明治模式在英国的社会中，三明治模式也有其特殊的含义。
这种含义主要体现在社会经济层面上。
英国经济的组成部分丰富多样，包括了农业、制造业、金融业等多个行业。
正如三明治的不同层次构成了一个完整的单位，英国的社会经济模式也是多层次的、互相关联的。
这种多层次的模式使得英国的经济结构更加健康和稳定。
总结起来，英国的三明治模式不仅是一种食物形式，同时也在语言、文化和社会等领域中得到广泛应用。
“三明治一代”英语怎么说
“三明治一代”英语怎么说“三明治一代”英语怎么说名词解释：三明治一代通常指上要照顾老人，下需抚养子女负担沉重的中年人。
他们通常是30-45岁之间的亚洲中年人，“上有老，下有小”的这批人，多数感叹生活艰辛、压力太大，所以被称为三明治一代。
而在这一群体中，尤以中国中年人的比例为最高。
你知道用英语怎么表达吗Sandwich, a typical Western food, is usually two bread slices with a filling in between. The sandwich generation, like the design of the sandwich, consists of middle-aged people who must care for their elderly parents and their growing children at the same time.The sandwich generation is under significant financial and emotional stress: parents may be ill or lack a sufficient pension, while kids may require tuition and training. At the same time, the members of the sandwich generation must contribute to their own work.三明治是一种常见的西式食物，它通常由两片面包以及夹在中间的食物组成。
如同三明治的设计，“三明治一代”主要是指中年人，他们既要赡养老人,又要抚养下一代。
三明治一代背负着巨大的经济和精神压力。
他们担心自己的父母是否生病以及缺乏足够的养老金，又为孩子的学费和培训费担忧。
同时，三明治一代还得努力工作。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Thank you!
The stress of generation
This generation need to take care of old mans in family, and feed young children . So, obviously, they don't have enough time and energy to run on. In addition ,they are tired with busy working all days ,but they can not stop working .Because if they do that they can not afford the expense of life like paying of the house-loaning, continuing children's education. Consequently , they can not take a breath. As a result long term pressure does harm to one's physical and mental status, which may influent the peace and system of society if one can not control himself.
How to reduce the stress of generation?
In my opinion , a better national health care plan would help ease the financial burden of the sandwich generation because keeping older people healthy costs a lot more money . So the government should take responsibility to relife the load for these generations, there are many methods I think: for example improving the salary and , getting benefit to aging people and reducing the expense of going to the hospital . All in all , if the system of welfare should be improved ,the generations would not be anxious about their living.
Sandwich Generation
What is sandwich generation?
There is appearing what I call t he "sandwich Байду номын сангаасeneration“ people who are struggling to care for both their children and their elders while trying hard to hold their jobs. The words "sandwich generation" today is a new term in society's long history, and this phenomenon is more commonplace in China now. They are squeezed in the middle of their aging parents and their children like a sandwich.