Stationary Iterative Method
丘赛计算与应用数学考试大纲
丘赛计算与应⽤数学考试⼤纲原⽂地址：Computational MathematicsInterpolation and approximationPolynomial interpolation and least square approximation; trigonometric interpolation and approximation, fast Fourier transform; approximations by rational functions; splines.Nonlinear equation solversConvergence of iterative methods (bisection, secant method, Newton method, other iterative methods) for both scalar equations and systems; finding rootsof polynomials.Linear systems and eigenvalue problemsDirect solvers (Gauss elimination, LU decomposition, pivoting, operation count, banded matrices, round-off error accumulation); iterative solvers (Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel, successive over-relaxation, conjugate gradient method, multi-grid method, Krylov methods); numerical solutions for eigenvalues and eigenvectorsNumerical solutions of ordinary differential equationsOne step methods (Taylor series method and Runge-Kutta method); stability, accuracy and convergence; absolute stability, long time behavior; multi-stepmethodsNumerical solutions of partial differential equationsFinite difference method; stability, accuracy and convergence, Lax equivalence theorem; finite element method, boundary value problemsReferences:[1] C. de Boor and S.D. Conte, Elementary Numerical Analysis, an algorithmicapproach, McGraw-Hill, 2000.[2] G.H. Golub and C.F. van Loan, Matrix Computations, third edition, JohnsHopkins University Press, 1996.[3] E. Hairer, P. Syvert and G. Wanner, Solving Ordinary Differential Equations, Springer, 1993.[4] B. Gustafsson, H.-O. Kreiss and J. Oliger, Time Dependent Problems and Difference Methods, John Wiley Sons, 1995.[5] G. Strang and G. Fix, An Analysis of the Finite Element Method, second edition, Wellesley-Cambridge Press, 2008.Applied MathematicsODE with constant coefficients; Nonlinear ODE: critical points, phase space& stability analysis; Hamiltonian, gradient, conservative ODE's.Calculus of Variations: Euler-Lagrange Equations; Boundary Conditions, parametric formulation; optimal control and Hamiltonian, Pontryagin maximum principle.First order partial differential equations (PDE) and method of characteristics; Heat, wave, and Laplace's equation; Separation of variables and eigen-function expansions; Stationary phase method; Homogenization method for elliptic and linear hyperbolic PDEs; Homogenization and front propagation of Hamil ton-Jacobi equations; Geometric optics for dispersive wave equations. References:W.D. Boyce and R.C. DiPrima, Elementary Differential Equations, Wiley, 2009 F.Y.M. Wan, Introduction to Calculus of Variations and Its Applications, Cha pman & Hall, 1995G. Whitham, "Linear and Nonlinear Waves", John-Wiley and Sons, 1974.J. Keener, "Principles of Applied Mathematics", Addison-Wesley, 1988.A. Benssousan, P-L Lions, G. Papanicolaou, "Asymptotic Analysis for Periodic Structures", North-Holland Publishing Co, 1978.V. Jikov, S. Kozlov, O. Oleinik, "Homogenization of differential operators and integral functions", Springer, 1994.J. Xin, "An Introduction to Fronts in Random Media", Surveys and Tutorials in Applied Math Sciences, No. 5, Springer, 2009。
英文单词
Synopsis:概要，大纲Macroscopic:宏观的，肉眼可见的Interconnected:连通的，有联系的Inter-dendritic:晶间Ingots:钢锭，铸块Globular:球状的Substantially:实质上，大体上，充分地Qualitatively:定性地Bulging:膨胀，凸出，打气，折皱（在连铸中是鼓肚的意思！）Hydrogen induced cracking:氢致裂纹（HIC）Correlated to:相互关联Perform:完成，执行Bulk concentration:体积浓度Introduction:引言Accordingly:因此，相应地Countermeasure:对策，对抗措施Equiaxed crystal:等轴晶Aggromerate:聚合Permeability:渗透性Slab:厚板Plate:薄板Contraction:收缩，紧缩Conventional:传统的Inconsistency:不一致Susceptibility:敏感性Resolve:解决，分解Morphology:形态Interpret:解释，解读Areal fraction:面积分数Quench:淬火Dendrite tips:枝晶尖端Specimen:试样，样品Proportional:成比例的Coarsening:晶粒粗大Coalescence:合并，联合Nevertheless:不过，虽然如此Planar:二维的，平面的Cellular：细胞的，多孔的Interface:界面，接触面Refer to :适用于Constant：常量Approximation:近似值，近似法Apparatus:仪器，装置Diagram:图表，图解Derive from:源自，来自Longitudinal:纵向的，长度的Section:截面Magnification:放大率schematic:图解的curvature:弯曲arrowed:标有箭头的in essence:本质上，其实lagged 延迟radial heat 辐射热transient:短暂的crucible：坩埚internal diam:内部直径chromel alumel thermocouple:铬镍-铝镍热电偶allumina:氧化铝agitated ice water:激冷冰水given:考虑到electropolish:用电解法抛光transverse:横向的，横断的metallographic:金相的diffusion:扩散，传播coefficient:系数，率undercooling/supercooling:过冷interdendritic:枝晶间，树枝晶间的intragranular:晶内的granular:颗粒的，粒状的isotherm:等温线arc-welded:弧焊deposit:沉积物，存款inversely:相反地geometry:几何学justification:理由，辩护，认为正当somewhat:有点gradient:梯度，倾斜度recognised:承认，辨别substitute:代替exponent:指数excluding:不包括，将。
影响PETCT图像质量和诊断的诸因素分析
探讨影响PET/CT图像质量及诊断的多种 因素的目的
了解影响PET/CT图像的各种因素
如何获得高质量的PET/CT图像
如何综合PET和CT的图像信息，提高诊 断准确性，尽量减少错误诊断
商品化的PET/CT扫描仪
GE公司
Discovery LS Discovery ST
西门子公司
Biograph HR 、 Biograph HS、 Biograph32 、 Biograph 64
PMT gain图
南方PET中心
Normalization Calibration 1）探测器归一化校准 ，用以校正发射显像资料
探头归一化也称为探测器灵敏度校正。 对PET数据进行图像重建时，基本假设是符合投影线灵敏度一致。 探测器参数的差异，符合投影线与探测器表面夹角不同，都会造 成灵敏度的差异。 对这些造成探测灵敏度差异的因素，进行校正的过程称为探测器 归一化。 对每一条符合投影线来说，都应有一个归一化因子
Six Detector Blocks（nodule)
Detector Cassette
One Block
18环探测器的组成
18 Rings 672 Crystals/Ring
南方PET中心
校准（Calibration）
Blank Scan: 5min, daily Singles /update gain adjustment: 1hr,weekly Coincidence Timing Calibration: 5min,
飞利浦
GEMINI
世界上著名的医疗仪器大公司的参与开发，使 PET/CT的发展突飞猛进
PET/CT组成
PET/CT扫描仪
功能 影像 与形 态影 像的 优化 组合
控制理论术语中英文对照表
附录Ⅲ 控制理论术语中英文对照表AAbsolute error 绝对误差Accuracy 精确度Active electric network 有源网络Actuating signal 作用信号，启动信号Actuator 执行机构，调节器，激励器Adjust 调整Adaptive control 自适应控制Amplitude 振幅，幅值Analog computer 模拟计算机Analog signal 模拟信号Angle condition 相角条件Angle of arrival 入射角Angle of departure 出射角Angular acceleration 角加速度Argument 辐角Asymptote 渐近线Asymptotically stable 渐近稳定的Automatic control 自动控制Attenuation 衰减Auxiliary equation 辅助方程BBacklash 间隙，回差Bandwidth 带宽Bang-bang control 砰-砰控制，继电控制Biocybernetics 生物控制论Block diagram 方框图，方块图，结构图Bode plot 波特图Breakaway-points 分离点CCAD(computer aided design) 计算机辅助设计Cascade compensation 串联补偿(校正)Cascade control 串级控制Channel 通道Characteristic equation 特征方程Classical control theory 古典控制理论Closed loop control system 闭环控制系统Closed loop frequency response 闭环频率响应Closed loop pole 闭环极点Closed loop zero 闭环零点Combinational control system 复合控制系统Comparator 比较器Comparing element 比较元件，比较环节Compound control 复合控制Compensation 补偿，校正Complex plane 复平面Conditional stability 条件稳定Configuration 结构，配置，方案，组态Constant M loci 等M圆Continuous system 连续系统Controlled variable 被控变量Control system 控制系统Control valve 调节阀Controllability 可控性，能控性Corner frequency 转折频率，交接频率Correcting unit 校正器Correction 校正Coupling 耦合Criterion 判据，准则Critical damping 临界阻尼Cut-off frequency 截止频率Cybernetics 控制论DDamped natural frequency 有阻尼自然频率Damper 阻尼器Damping factor 阻尼系数Damping ratio 阻尼比Dead band 死区Dead time 纯延迟，延迟时间Decomposition 分解Delay 滞后Delay element 滞后环节Derivation action 微分作用Derivative control 微分控制Desired value 预期值，期望值Deviation 偏差Differencing junction 比较点Differential equations 微分方程Digital computer 数字计算机Discrete-data system 离散数据系统Disturbance 扰动，干扰Dominant pole 主导极点Duality 对偶性Dynamic equation 动态方程Dynamic error 动态误差Dynamic process 动态过程EEquilibrium state 平衡状态Eigenvalue 特征值Eigenvector 特征向量Error 误差Error coefficient 误差系数Error signal 误差信号Even symmetry 偶对称Exponential 指数，指数的，幂的Extremum 极值FFeedback 反馈Feedback control 反馈控制Feedback element 反馈环节Feedback path 反馈通道Feedforward 前馈Final value 终值First-order system 一阶系统Forward path 前向通道Frequency 频率Frequency domain 频域Frequency response 频率响应Frequency response characteristic 频率响应特性GGain 增益Gain margin 增益裕度，幅值裕度HHarmonic response 谐波响应Holder 保持器Homogeneous equation 齐次方程Hurwitz determinant 赫尔维茨行列式Hysteresis error 回差IIdealized system 理想化系统Identification 辨识Impulse response 脉冲响应Inertial 惯性的，惯量的，惰性的Inherent characteristic 固有特性Initial condition 初始条件Initial state 初始状态Initial value theorem 初值定理Inner loop 内环Input 输入Input node 输入节点Input signal 输入信号Integral action 积分作用Integral control 积分控制Internal description 内部描述Inverse matrix 逆矩阵Inverse transformation 反变换Inverse Laplace transforms 拉普拉斯反变换Isocline method 等倾线法Iterative algorithm 迭代算法JJordan block 约当块Jordan canonical form 约当标准型KKalman criterion 卡尔曼准则Kalman filter 卡尔曼滤波器LLag network 滞后网络Lag compensation 滞后补偿Laplace transforms 拉普拉斯变换Large scale system 大系统Lead network 超前网络Limit cycle 极限环Linearization 线性化Linearity 线性度Linear equation 线性方程Linear system 线性系统Load-response curve 负荷响应曲线Locus 轨迹Log magnitude 对数幅值Low pass characteristic 低通特性MMagnitude condition 幅值条件Magnitude-Versus-Phase plot 幅值特性曲线Manipulated variable 操纵变量Mason rule 梅森公式Mathematical model 数学模型Matrix 矩阵Maximum overshoot 最大超调量Measurable 可测量的Measured variable 被测变量Minimum phase system 最小相位系统Model decomposition 模型分解Modulus 模Moment of inertia 转动惯量Multinomial 多项式（的）Multivariable system 多变量系统NNatural frequency 自然频率Negative feedback 负反馈Nichols chart 尼柯尔斯图线Node 节点Noise 噪声Nonlinear control system 非线性控制系统Nonminimum phase system 非最小相位系统Nonsingular 非奇异的Norm 范数Numerical control 数字控制Nyquist criterion 奈奎斯特判据Nyquist contour 奈奎斯特轨线OObjective function 目标函数Observability 可观性，能观性Observer 观测器Odd symmetry 奇对称Offset 偏移，位移Open loop 开环Optimal control 最优控制Optimization 最优化Origin 原点Oscillation 振荡Oscillatory response 振荡响应Outer loop 外环Output 输出Output signal 输出信号Over damping 过阻尼Overshoot 超调量PParameter 参数Peak overshoot 超调峰值Peak time 峰值时间Performance index 性能指标Phase lag 相位滞后Phase lead 相位超前Phase margin 相角裕度Phase plane 相平面Pickoff point 引出点PID(proportional plus integral plus derivative) PID(比例、积分、微分)控制器Piece-wise linearization 分段线性化Pole 极点Pole assignment 极点配置Polynomial 多项式Position error 位置误差Positive definiteness 正定性Pre-compensator 预补偿器Process control 过程控制Proportional band 比例带Proportional control 比例控制Pulse 脉冲Pulse width 脉宽Pure delay 纯滞后RRamp input 斜坡输入Ramp response 斜坡响应Rate feedback 速度反馈Rate time 微分时间，预调时间Rational 有理(数)的，合理的Realization 实现Reference variable 参考变量Regulator 调节器Relative stability 相对稳定Reliability 可靠性Response 响应Reset time 再调时间，积分时间Residue 留数Rise time 上升时间Roots loci 根轨迹Routh-Hurwitz criterion 劳斯-赫尔维茨判据Routh stability criterion 劳斯稳定判据SSampling control 采样控制Sampling freqency 采样频率Sampling period 采样周期Series compensation 串联补偿Servo 伺服机构，伺服电机Servodrive 伺服传动，伺服转动装置Set value 设定值Settling time 调节时间，稳定时间Signal flow graph 信号流图Singular point 奇点Stability 稳定（性）Stability margin 稳定裕度State equations 状态方程State space 状态空间State variables 状态变量Steady-state 稳态的Stationary 稳态Steady-state deviation 稳态偏差Steady-state error 稳态误差Step singal 阶跃信号Step response 阶跃响应Stochastic process 随机过程Summing junction 相加点Superposition 叠加Systematic deviation 系统偏差System identification 系统辨识TTangent 切线Threshold value 阈值Time constant 时间常数Time domain 时域Time response 时间响应Time-invariant system 常定(时不变)系统Time-varying system 时变系统Trajectory 轨迹Transducer 传感器，变换器Transfer function 传递函数Transfer matrix 转移矩阵Transient response 暂态响应Transmitter 变送器Transportation lag 传输滞后UUndamped natural frequency 无阻尼自然频率Underdamping 欠阻尼Uniform stability 一致稳定Unit circle 单位圆Unit impulse 单位脉冲Unit step function 单位阶跃函数Unity feedback 单位反馈Unity matrix 单位矩阵Unstable 不稳定的Asymmetrical 不对称的VValue of quantity 量值variable 变量Vector 向量Velocity feedback 速度反馈WWaveform 波形Weighting function 加权函数White noise 白噪声ZZero 零点Zero input response 零点输入响应Zero-order holder 零阶保持器Zero-state response 零状态响应Z-transfer function Z传递函数Z-transformation Z变换。
人工智能词汇
常用英语词汇 -andrew Ng课程average firing rate均匀激活率intensity强度average sum-of-squares error均方差Regression回归backpropagation后向流传Loss function损失函数basis 基non-convex非凸函数basis feature vectors特点基向量neural network神经网络batch gradient ascent批量梯度上涨法supervised learning监察学习Bayesian regularization method贝叶斯规则化方法regression problem回归问题办理的是连续的问题Bernoulli random variable伯努利随机变量classification problem分类问题bias term偏置项discreet value失散值binary classfication二元分类support vector machines支持向量机class labels种类标记learning theory学习理论concatenation级联learning algorithms学习算法conjugate gradient共轭梯度unsupervised learning无监察学习contiguous groups联通地区gradient descent梯度降落convex optimization software凸优化软件linear regression线性回归convolution卷积Neural Network神经网络cost function代价函数gradient descent梯度降落covariance matrix协方差矩阵normal equations DC component直流重量linear algebra线性代数decorrelation去有关superscript上标degeneracy退化exponentiation指数demensionality reduction降维training set训练会合derivative导函数training example训练样本diagonal对角线hypothesis假定，用来表示学习算法的输出diffusion of gradients梯度的弥散LMS algorithm “least mean squares最小二乘法算eigenvalue特点值法eigenvector特点向量batch gradient descent批量梯度降落error term残差constantly gradient descent随机梯度降落feature matrix特点矩阵iterative algorithm迭代算法feature standardization特点标准化partial derivative偏导数feedforward architectures前馈构造算法contour等高线feedforward neural network前馈神经网络quadratic function二元函数feedforward pass前馈传导locally weighted regression局部加权回归fine-tuned微调underfitting欠拟合first-order feature一阶特点overfitting过拟合forward pass前向传导non-parametric learning algorithms无参数学习算forward propagation前向流传法Gaussian prior高斯先验概率parametric learning algorithm参数学习算法generative model生成模型activation激活值gradient descent梯度降落activation function激活函数Greedy layer-wise training逐层贪心训练方法additive noise加性噪声grouping matrix分组矩阵autoencoder自编码器Hadamard product阿达马乘积Autoencoders自编码算法Hessian matrix Hessian矩阵hidden layer隐含层hidden units隐蔽神经元Hierarchical grouping层次型分组higher-order features更高阶特点highly non-convex optimization problem高度非凸的优化问题histogram直方图hyperbolic tangent双曲正切函数hypothesis估值，假定identity activation function恒等激励函数IID 独立同散布illumination照明inactive克制independent component analysis独立成份剖析input domains输入域input layer输入层intensity亮度/灰度intercept term截距KL divergence相对熵KL divergence KL分别度k-Means K-均值learning rate学习速率least squares最小二乘法linear correspondence线性响应linear superposition线性叠加line-search algorithm线搜寻算法local mean subtraction局部均值消减local optima局部最优解logistic regression逻辑回归loss function损失函数low-pass filtering低通滤波magnitude幅值MAP 极大后验预计maximum likelihood estimation极大似然预计mean 均匀值MFCC Mel 倒频系数multi-class classification多元分类neural networks神经网络neuron 神经元Newton’s method牛顿法non-convex function非凸函数non-linear feature非线性特点norm 范式norm bounded有界范数norm constrained范数拘束normalization归一化numerical roundoff errors数值舍入偏差numerically checking数值查验numerically reliable数值计算上稳固object detection物体检测objective function目标函数off-by-one error缺位错误orthogonalization正交化output layer输出层overall cost function整体代价函数over-complete basis超齐备基over-fitting过拟合parts of objects目标的零件part-whole decompostion部分-整体分解PCA 主元剖析penalty term处罚因子per-example mean subtraction逐样本均值消减pooling池化pretrain预训练principal components analysis主成份剖析quadratic constraints二次拘束RBMs 受限 Boltzman 机reconstruction based models鉴于重构的模型reconstruction cost重修代价reconstruction term重构项redundant冗余reflection matrix反射矩阵regularization正则化regularization term正则化项rescaling缩放robust 鲁棒性run 行程second-order feature二阶特点sigmoid activation function S型激励函数significant digits有效数字singular value奇怪值singular vector奇怪向量smoothed L1 penalty光滑的L1 范数处罚Smoothed topographic L1 sparsity penalty光滑地形L1 稀少处罚函数smoothing光滑Softmax Regresson Softmax回归sorted in decreasing order降序摆列source features源特点Adversarial Networks抗衡网络sparse autoencoder消减归一化Affine Layer仿射层Sparsity稀少性Affinity matrix亲和矩阵sparsity parameter稀少性参数Agent 代理 /智能体sparsity penalty稀少处罚Algorithm 算法square function平方函数Alpha- beta pruningα - β剪枝squared-error方差Anomaly detection异样检测stationary安稳性（不变性）Approximation近似stationary stochastic process安稳随机过程Area Under ROC Curve／ AUC Roc 曲线下边积step-size步长值Artificial General Intelligence/AGI通用人工智supervised learning监察学习能symmetric positive semi-definite matrix Artificial Intelligence/AI人工智能对称半正定矩阵Association analysis关系剖析symmetry breaking对称无效Attention mechanism注意力体制tanh function双曲正切函数Attribute conditional independence assumptionthe average activation均匀活跃度属性条件独立性假定the derivative checking method梯度考证方法Attribute space属性空间the empirical distribution经验散布函数Attribute value属性值the energy function能量函数Autoencoder自编码器the Lagrange dual拉格朗日对偶函数Automatic speech recognition自动语音辨别the log likelihood对数似然函数Automatic summarization自动纲要the pixel intensity value像素灰度值Average gradient均匀梯度the rate of convergence收敛速度Average-Pooling均匀池化topographic cost term拓扑代价项Backpropagation Through Time经过时间的反向流传topographic ordered拓扑次序Backpropagation/BP反向流传transformation变换Base learner基学习器translation invariant平移不变性Base learning algorithm基学习算法trivial answer平庸解Batch Normalization/BN批量归一化under-complete basis不齐备基Bayes decision rule贝叶斯判断准则unrolling组合扩展Bayes Model Averaging／ BMA 贝叶斯模型均匀unsupervised learning无监察学习Bayes optimal classifier贝叶斯最优分类器variance 方差Bayesian decision theory贝叶斯决议论vecotrized implementation向量化实现Bayesian network贝叶斯网络vectorization矢量化Between-class scatter matrix类间散度矩阵visual cortex视觉皮层Bias 偏置 /偏差weight decay权重衰减Bias-variance decomposition偏差 - 方差分解weighted average加权均匀值Bias-Variance Dilemma偏差–方差窘境whitening白化Bi-directional Long-Short Term Memory/Bi-LSTMzero-mean均值为零双向长短期记忆Accumulated error backpropagation积累偏差逆传Binary classification二分类播Binomial test二项查验Activation Function激活函数Bi-partition二分法Adaptive Resonance Theory/ART自适应谐振理论Boltzmann machine玻尔兹曼机Addictive model加性学习Bootstrap sampling自助采样法／可重复采样Bootstrapping自助法Break-Event Point／ BEP 均衡点Calibration校准Cascade-Correlation级联有关Categorical attribute失散属性Class-conditional probability类条件概率Classification and regression tree/CART分类与回归树Classifier分类器Class-imbalance类型不均衡Closed -form闭式Cluster簇/ 类/ 集群Cluster analysis聚类剖析Clustering聚类Clustering ensemble聚类集成Co-adapting共适应Coding matrix编码矩阵COLT 国际学习理论会议Committee-based learning鉴于委员会的学习Competitive learning竞争型学习Component learner组件学习器Comprehensibility可解说性Computation Cost计算成本Computational Linguistics计算语言学Computer vision计算机视觉Concept drift观点漂移Concept Learning System /CLS观点学习系统Conditional entropy条件熵Conditional mutual information条件互信息Conditional Probability Table／ CPT 条件概率表Conditional random field/CRF条件随机场Conditional risk条件风险Confidence置信度Confusion matrix混杂矩阵Connection weight连结权Connectionism 连结主义Consistency一致性／相合性Contingency table列联表Continuous attribute连续属性Convergence收敛Conversational agent会话智能体Convex quadratic programming凸二次规划Convexity凸性Convolutional neural network/CNN卷积神经网络Co-occurrence同现Correlation coefficient有关系数Cosine similarity余弦相像度Cost curve成本曲线Cost Function成本函数Cost matrix成本矩阵Cost-sensitive成本敏感Cross entropy交错熵Cross validation交错考证Crowdsourcing众包Curse of dimensionality维数灾害Cut point截断点Cutting plane algorithm割平面法Data mining数据发掘Data set数据集Decision Boundary决议界限Decision stump决议树桩Decision tree决议树／判断树Deduction演绎Deep Belief Network深度信念网络Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial NetworkDCGAN深度卷积生成抗衡网络Deep learning深度学习Deep neural network/DNN深度神经网络Deep Q-Learning深度Q 学习Deep Q-Network深度Q 网络Density estimation密度预计Density-based clustering密度聚类Differentiable neural computer可微分神经计算机Dimensionality reduction algorithm降维算法Directed edge有向边Disagreement measure不合胸怀Discriminative model鉴别模型Discriminator鉴别器Distance measure距离胸怀Distance metric learning距离胸怀学习Distribution散布Divergence散度Diversity measure多样性胸怀／差别性胸怀Domain adaption领域自适应Downsampling下采样D-separation（ Directed separation）有向分别Dual problem对偶问题Dummy node 哑结点General Problem Solving通用问题求解Dynamic Fusion 动向交融Generalization泛化Dynamic programming动向规划Generalization error泛化偏差Eigenvalue decomposition特点值分解Generalization error bound泛化偏差上界Embedding 嵌入Generalized Lagrange function广义拉格朗日函数Emotional analysis情绪剖析Generalized linear model广义线性模型Empirical conditional entropy经验条件熵Generalized Rayleigh quotient广义瑞利商Empirical entropy经验熵Generative Adversarial Networks/GAN生成抗衡网Empirical error经验偏差络Empirical risk经验风险Generative Model生成模型End-to-End 端到端Generator生成器Energy-based model鉴于能量的模型Genetic Algorithm/GA遗传算法Ensemble learning集成学习Gibbs sampling吉布斯采样Ensemble pruning集成修剪Gini index基尼指数Error Correcting Output Codes／ ECOC纠错输出码Global minimum全局最小Error rate错误率Global Optimization全局优化Error-ambiguity decomposition偏差 - 分歧分解Gradient boosting梯度提高Euclidean distance欧氏距离Gradient Descent梯度降落Evolutionary computation演化计算Graph theory图论Expectation-Maximization希望最大化Ground-truth实情／真切Expected loss希望损失Hard margin硬间隔Exploding Gradient Problem梯度爆炸问题Hard voting硬投票Exponential loss function指数损失函数Harmonic mean 调解均匀Extreme Learning Machine/ELM超限学习机Hesse matrix海塞矩阵Factorization因子分解Hidden dynamic model隐动向模型False negative假负类Hidden layer隐蔽层False positive假正类Hidden Markov Model/HMM 隐马尔可夫模型False Positive Rate/FPR假正例率Hierarchical clustering层次聚类Feature engineering特点工程Hilbert space希尔伯特空间Feature selection特点选择Hinge loss function合页损失函数Feature vector特点向量Hold-out 留出法Featured Learning特点学习Homogeneous 同质Feedforward Neural Networks/FNN前馈神经网络Hybrid computing混杂计算Fine-tuning微调Hyperparameter超参数Flipping output翻转法Hypothesis假定Fluctuation震荡Hypothesis test假定考证Forward stagewise algorithm前向分步算法ICML 国际机器学习会议Frequentist频次主义学派Improved iterative scaling/IIS改良的迭代尺度法Full-rank matrix满秩矩阵Incremental learning增量学习Functional neuron功能神经元Independent and identically distributed/独Gain ratio增益率立同散布Game theory博弈论Independent Component Analysis/ICA独立成分剖析Gaussian kernel function高斯核函数Indicator function指示函数Gaussian Mixture Model高斯混杂模型Individual learner个体学习器Induction归纳Inductive bias归纳偏好Inductive learning归纳学习Inductive Logic Programming／ ILP归纳逻辑程序设计Information entropy信息熵Information gain信息增益Input layer输入层Insensitive loss不敏感损失Inter-cluster similarity簇间相像度International Conference for Machine Learning/ICML国际机器学习大会Intra-cluster similarity簇内相像度Intrinsic value固有值Isometric Mapping/Isomap等胸怀映照Isotonic regression平分回归Iterative Dichotomiser迭代二分器Kernel method核方法Kernel trick核技巧Kernelized Linear Discriminant Analysis／KLDA核线性鉴别剖析K-fold cross validation k折交错考证／k 倍交错考证K-Means Clustering K–均值聚类K-Nearest Neighbours Algorithm/KNN K近邻算法Knowledge base 知识库Knowledge Representation知识表征Label space标记空间Lagrange duality拉格朗日对偶性Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日乘子Laplace smoothing拉普拉斯光滑Laplacian correction拉普拉斯修正Latent Dirichlet Allocation隐狄利克雷散布Latent semantic analysis潜伏语义剖析Latent variable隐变量Lazy learning懒散学习Learner学习器Learning by analogy类比学习Learning rate学习率Learning Vector Quantization/LVQ学习向量量化Least squares regression tree最小二乘回归树Leave-One-Out/LOO留一法linear chain conditional random field线性链条件随机场Linear Discriminant Analysis／ LDA 线性鉴别剖析Linear model线性模型Linear Regression线性回归Link function联系函数Local Markov property局部马尔可夫性Local minimum局部最小Log likelihood对数似然Log odds／ logit对数几率Logistic Regression Logistic回归Log-likelihood对数似然Log-linear regression对数线性回归Long-Short Term Memory/LSTM 长短期记忆Loss function损失函数Machine translation/MT机器翻译Macron-P宏查准率Macron-R宏查全率Majority voting绝对多半投票法Manifold assumption流形假定Manifold learning流形学习Margin theory间隔理论Marginal distribution边沿散布Marginal independence边沿独立性Marginalization边沿化Markov Chain Monte Carlo/MCMC马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗方法Markov Random Field马尔可夫随机场Maximal clique最大团Maximum Likelihood Estimation/MLE极大似然预计／极大似然法Maximum margin最大间隔Maximum weighted spanning tree最大带权生成树Max-Pooling 最大池化Mean squared error均方偏差Meta-learner元学习器Metric learning胸怀学习Micro-P微查准率Micro-R微查全率Minimal Description Length/MDL最小描绘长度Minimax game极小极大博弈Misclassification cost误分类成本Mixture of experts混杂专家Momentum 动量Moral graph道德图／正直图Multi-class classification多分类Multi-document summarization多文档纲要One shot learning一次性学习Multi-layer feedforward neural networks One-Dependent Estimator／ ODE 独依靠预计多层前馈神经网络On-Policy在策略Multilayer Perceptron/MLP多层感知器Ordinal attribute有序属性Multimodal learning多模态学习Out-of-bag estimate包外预计Multiple Dimensional Scaling多维缩放Output layer输出层Multiple linear regression多元线性回归Output smearing输出调制法Multi-response Linear Regression／ MLR Overfitting过拟合／过配多响应线性回归Oversampling 过采样Mutual information互信息Paired t-test成对 t查验Naive bayes 朴实贝叶斯Pairwise 成对型Naive Bayes Classifier朴实贝叶斯分类器Pairwise Markov property成对马尔可夫性Named entity recognition命名实体辨别Parameter参数Nash equilibrium纳什均衡Parameter estimation参数预计Natural language generation/NLG自然语言生成Parameter tuning调参Natural language processing自然语言办理Parse tree分析树Negative class负类Particle Swarm Optimization/PSO粒子群优化算法Negative correlation负有关法Part-of-speech tagging词性标明Negative Log Likelihood负对数似然Perceptron感知机Neighbourhood Component Analysis/NCA Performance measure性能胸怀近邻成分剖析Plug and Play Generative Network即插即用生成网Neural Machine Translation神经机器翻译络Neural Turing Machine神经图灵机Plurality voting相对多半投票法Newton method牛顿法Polarity detection极性检测NIPS 国际神经信息办理系统会议Polynomial kernel function多项式核函数No Free Lunch Theorem／ NFL 没有免费的午饭定理Pooling池化Noise-contrastive estimation噪音对照预计Positive class正类Nominal attribute列名属性Positive definite matrix正定矩阵Non-convex optimization非凸优化Post-hoc test后续查验Nonlinear model非线性模型Post-pruning后剪枝Non-metric distance非胸怀距离potential function势函数Non-negative matrix factorization非负矩阵分解Precision查准率／正确率Non-ordinal attribute无序属性Prepruning 预剪枝Non-Saturating Game非饱和博弈Principal component analysis/PCA主成分剖析Norm 范数Principle of multiple explanations多释原则Normalization归一化Prior 先验Nuclear norm核范数Probability Graphical Model概率图模型Numerical attribute数值属性Proximal Gradient Descent/PGD近端梯度降落Letter O Pruning剪枝Objective function目标函数Pseudo-label伪标记Oblique decision tree斜决议树Quantized Neural Network量子化神经网络Occam’s razor奥卡姆剃刀Quantum computer 量子计算机Odds 几率Quantum Computing量子计算Off-Policy离策略Quasi Newton method拟牛顿法Radial Basis Function／ RBF 径向基函数Random Forest Algorithm随机丛林算法Random walk随机闲步Recall 查全率／召回率Receiver Operating Characteristic/ROC受试者工作特点Rectified Linear Unit/ReLU线性修正单元Recurrent Neural Network循环神经网络Recursive neural network递归神经网络Reference model 参照模型Regression回归Regularization正则化Reinforcement learning/RL加强学习Representation learning表征学习Representer theorem表示定理reproducing kernel Hilbert space/RKHS重生核希尔伯特空间Re-sampling重采样法Rescaling再缩放Residual Mapping残差映照Residual Network残差网络Restricted Boltzmann Machine/RBM受限玻尔兹曼机Restricted Isometry Property/RIP限制等距性Re-weighting重赋权法Robustness稳重性 / 鲁棒性Root node根结点Rule Engine规则引擎Rule learning规则学习Saddle point鞍点Sample space样本空间Sampling采样Score function评分函数Self-Driving自动驾驶Self-Organizing Map／ SOM自组织映照Semi-naive Bayes classifiers半朴实贝叶斯分类器Semi-Supervised Learning半监察学习semi-Supervised Support Vector Machine半监察支持向量机Sentiment analysis感情剖析Separating hyperplane分别超平面Sigmoid function Sigmoid函数Similarity measure相像度胸怀Simulated annealing模拟退火Simultaneous localization and mapping同步定位与地图建立Singular Value Decomposition奇怪值分解Slack variables废弛变量Smoothing光滑Soft margin软间隔Soft margin maximization软间隔最大化Soft voting软投票Sparse representation稀少表征Sparsity稀少性Specialization特化Spectral Clustering谱聚类Speech Recognition语音辨别Splitting variable切分变量Squashing function挤压函数Stability-plasticity dilemma可塑性 - 稳固性窘境Statistical learning统计学习Status feature function状态特点函Stochastic gradient descent随机梯度降落Stratified sampling分层采样Structural risk构造风险Structural risk minimization/SRM构造风险最小化Subspace子空间Supervised learning监察学习／有导师学习support vector expansion支持向量展式Support Vector Machine/SVM支持向量机Surrogat loss代替损失Surrogate function代替函数Symbolic learning符号学习Symbolism符号主义Synset同义词集T-Distribution Stochastic Neighbour Embeddingt-SNE T–散布随机近邻嵌入Tensor 张量Tensor Processing Units/TPU张量办理单元The least square method最小二乘法Threshold阈值Threshold logic unit阈值逻辑单元Threshold-moving阈值挪动Time Step时间步骤Tokenization标记化Training error训练偏差Training instance训练示例／训练例Transductive learning直推学习Transfer learning迁徙学习Treebank树库algebra线性代数Tria-by-error试错法asymptotically无症状的True negative真负类appropriate适合的True positive真切类bias 偏差True Positive Rate/TPR真切例率brevity简洁，简洁；短暂Turing Machine图灵机[800 ] broader宽泛Twice-learning二次学习briefly简洁的Underfitting欠拟合／欠配batch 批量Undersampling欠采样convergence收敛，集中到一点Understandability可理解性convex凸的Unequal cost非均等代价contours轮廓Unit-step function单位阶跃函数constraint拘束Univariate decision tree单变量决议树constant常理Unsupervised learning无监察学习／无导师学习commercial商务的Unsupervised layer-wise training无监察逐层训练complementarity增补Upsampling上采样coordinate ascent同样级上涨Vanishing Gradient Problem梯度消逝问题clipping剪下物；剪报；修剪Variational inference变分推测component重量；零件VC Theory VC维理论continuous连续的Version space版本空间covariance协方差Viterbi algorithm维特比算法canonical正规的，正则的Von Neumann architecture冯· 诺伊曼架构concave非凸的Wasserstein GAN/WGAN Wasserstein生成抗衡网络corresponds相切合；相当；通讯Weak learner弱学习器corollary推论Weight权重concrete详细的事物，实在的东西Weight sharing权共享cross validation交错考证Weighted voting加权投票法correlation互相关系Within-class scatter matrix类内散度矩阵convention商定Word embedding词嵌入cluster一簇Word sense disambiguation词义消歧centroids质心，形心Zero-data learning零数据学习converge收敛Zero-shot learning零次学习computationally计算(机)的approximations近似值calculus计算arbitrary任意的derive获取，获得affine仿射的dual 二元的arbitrary任意的duality二元性；二象性；对偶性amino acid氨基酸derivation求导；获取；发源amenable 经得起查验的denote预示，表示，是的标记；意味着，[逻]指称axiom 公义，原则divergence散度；发散性abstract提取dimension尺度，规格；维数architecture架构，系统构造；建筑业dot 小圆点absolute绝对的distortion变形arsenal军械库density概率密度函数assignment分派discrete失散的人工智能词汇discriminative有辨别能力的indicator指示物，指示器diagonal对角interative重复的，迭代的dispersion分别，散开integral积分determinant决定要素identical相等的；完整同样的disjoint不订交的indicate表示，指出encounter碰到invariance不变性，恒定性ellipses椭圆impose把强加于equality等式intermediate中间的extra 额外的interpretation解说，翻译empirical经验；察看joint distribution结合概率ennmerate例举，计数lieu 代替exceed超出，越出logarithmic对数的，用对数表示的expectation希望latent潜伏的efficient奏效的Leave-one-out cross validation留一法交错考证endow 给予magnitude巨大explicitly清楚的mapping 画图，制图；映照exponential family指数家族matrix矩阵equivalently等价的mutual互相的，共同的feasible可行的monotonically单一的forary首次试试minor较小的，次要的finite有限的，限制的multinomial多项的forgo 摒弃，放弃multi-class classification二分类问题fliter过滤nasty厌烦的frequentist最常发生的notation标记，说明forward search前向式搜寻na?ve 朴实的formalize使定形obtain获取generalized归纳的oscillate摇动generalization归纳，归纳；广泛化；判断（依据不optimization problem最优化问题足）objective function目标函数guarantee保证；抵押品optimal最理想的generate形成，产生orthogonal(矢量，矩阵等 ) 正交的geometric margins几何界限orientation方向gap 裂口ordinary一般的generative生产的；有生产力的occasionally有时的heuristic启迪式的；启迪法；启迪程序partial derivative偏导数hone 怀恋；磨property性质hyperplane超平面proportional成比率的initial最先的primal原始的，最先的implement履行permit同意intuitive凭直觉获知的pseudocode 伪代码incremental增添的permissible可同意的intercept截距polynomial多项式intuitious直觉preliminary预备instantiation例子precision精度人工智能词汇perturbation不安，搅乱theorem定理poist 假定，假想tangent正弦positive semi-definite半正定的unit-length vector单位向量parentheses圆括号valid 有效的，正确的posterior probability后验概率variance方差plementarity增补variable变量；变元pictorially图像的vocabulary 词汇parameterize确立的参数valued经估价的；可贵的poisson distribution柏松散布wrapper 包装pertinent有关的总计 1038 词汇quadratic二次的quantity量，数目；重量query 疑问的regularization使系统化；调整reoptimize从头优化restrict限制；限制；拘束reminiscent回想旧事的；提示的；令人联想的（ of ）remark 注意random variable随机变量respect考虑respectively各自的；分其他redundant过多的；冗余的susceptible敏感的stochastic可能的；随机的symmetric对称的sophisticated复杂的spurious假的；假造的subtract减去；减法器simultaneously同时发生地；同步地suffice知足scarce罕有的，难得的split分解，分别subset子集statistic统计量successive iteratious连续的迭代scale标度sort of有几分的squares 平方trajectory轨迹temporarily临时的terminology专用名词tolerance容忍；公差thumb翻阅threshold阈，临界。
Iterative methods for total variation denoising
DAVID C. DOBSON AND CURTIS R. VOGELy
Abstract. In total variation denoising, one attempts to remove noise from a signal or image by
may be applied. To deal with the non-di erentiability of the TV functional, interior
point methods from linear programming (see Li and Santosa 14]; note that T V (u) has
In 17], Vogel and Oman introduced a xed point iteration to minimize the penalized least squares functional
(1.6)
1 2
ku
?
zk2L2(
)
+
J (u):
The corresponding Euler-Lagrange equations
solving a nonlinear minimization problem involving a total variation criterion. Several approaches based on this idea have recently been shown to be very e ective, particularly for denoising functions with discontinuities. This paper analyzes the convergence of an iterative method for solving such problems. The iterative method involves a \lagged di usivity" approach in which a sequence of linear di usion problems are solved. Global convergence in a nite dimensional setting is established, and local convergence properties, including rates and their dependence on various parameters, are examined.
天津大学信息与通信工程考研复习辅导资料及导师分数线信息
天津大学信息与通信工程考研复习辅导资料及导师分数线信息天津大学信息与通信工程考研科目包括政治、外语、数学一以及通信原理、信号与系统。
主要研究方向分为两个，方向一考试科目为通信原理，方向二考试科目为信号与系统，此专业是报考人数较多的专业，考生需进一步把握备考方向。
考试科目备注专业代码、名称及研究方向081000信息与通信工程①101思想政治理论②201英语一③301数学一④814通信原理①101思想政治理论②201英语一③301数学一④815信号与系统天津大学信息与通信工程考研录取情况院（系、所） 专业 报考人数 录取人数信息与通信工程506 95 电子信息工程学院（2012年）信息与通信工程463 92 电子信息工程学院（2013年）天津大学信息与通信工程2012年的报考人数为506人，录取人数为95人，2013年的报考人数为463人，录取人数为92人。
由真题可以发现，现在考点涉及的广度和深度不断扩宽和加深。
由天津考研网签约的天津大学在读本硕博团队搜集整理了天津大学电子信息工程学院信息与通信工程考研全套复习资料，帮助考生梳理知识点并构建知识框架。
真题解析部分将真题按照知识点划分，条理清晰的呈现在同学们眼前。
然后根据各个考点的近几年真题解析，让同学对热点、难点了然于胸。
只有做到了对真题规律和趋势的把握，8—10月底的提高复习才能有的放矢、事半功倍！天津大学电子信息工程学院信息与通信工程考研导师信息刘开华纵向课题经费课题名称情境感知服务位置信息获取机理与算法2009-01-01--2011-12-31负责人:刘开华科技计划:国家基金委拨款单位:国家基金委合同经费:32 课题名称智能航空铅封技术研究2010-01-01--2012-12-31 负责人:刘开华科技计划:天津市科技支撑计划重点项目拨款单位:天津市科学技术委员会合同经费:50 横向课题经费课题名称基于相位法的RFID定位技术2013-01-01--2013-12-31 负责人:刘开华科技计划: 拨款单位:中兴通信有限公司合同经费:16课题名称基于ADoc芯片组的产品开发2008-09-01--2009-08-31 负责人:刘开华科技计划: 拨款单位:THOMSON宽带研发（北京）有限公司合同经费:6.3 期刊、会议论文Tan, Lingling; Bai, Yu; Teng, Jianfu; Liu, Kaihua; Meng, WenqingTrans-Impedance Filter Synthesis Based on Nodal Admittance Matrix Expansion CIRCUITS SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSINGnullTan, Lingling; Liu, Kaihua; Bai, Yu; Teng, Jianfu Construction of CDBA and CDTA behavioral models and the applications in symbolic circuits analysis ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SIGNAL PROCESSINGnullMa Yongtao，Zhou Liuji，Liu Kaihua A Subcarrier-Pair Based Resource AllocationScheme Using SensorsnullMa Yongtao，Zhou Liuji，Liu Kaihua, Wang Jinlong Iterative Phase Reconstruction and Weighted IEEE sensorsnull罗蓬，刘开华，闫格基于FrFT能量重心谱校正的LFM信号参数估计信号处理null 潘勇, 刘开华，等 A novel printed microstrip antenna with frequency reconfigurable characteristics for Bluetooth/WLAN/WiMAX applications Microwave and Optical Technology Lettersnull阎格，刘开华，吕西午基于分数阶Fourier变换的新型时频滤波器设计哈尔滨工业大学学报nullLin Zhu, Kaihua Liu, Zhang Qijun, Yongtao Ma and Bo Peng An enhanced analytical Neuro-Space Mapping method for large-signal microwave device modeling null罗蓬，刘开华，于洁潇，马永涛一种相干宽带线性调频信号的波达方向估计新方法通信学报nullLin Zhu, Yongtao Ma, Qijun Zhang and Kaihua Liu An enhanced Neuro-Space Mapping method for nonlinear device modeling nullYue Cui, Kaihua Liu, Junfeng Wang Direction-of-arrival estimation for coherent GPS signals based on oblique projection Signal ProcessingnullLV Xi-wu, LIU Kai-hua, et al. Efficient solution of additional base stations in time-of-arrival positioning systems Electronics Lettersnull省部级以上获奖刘开华；等数字电视接收系统、软件技术的研发与应用”天津市科技进步奖三等奖2011-04-29李华；刘开华；等数字视频压缩与码流测试技术的研发及应用天津市科技进步奖二等奖2009-04-29知识产权刘开华, 于洁潇高速公路上车辆的车速和相对位置实时测量系统及方法刘开华；潘勇；于洁潇；陈征一种基于无联网的车载自动实时监控远程终端刘开华，黄翔东，于洁潇，王兆华，闫格基于相位差测距的RFID无线定位方法王安国纵向课题经费课题名称基带处理与天线协同2007-07-16--2011-11-16 负责人:王安国科技计划:国家科技部拨款单位:财政部合同经费:157.41课题名称无线网络多源稀疏协作编码研究2011-01-01--2013-12-31 负责人:韩昌彩科技计划:国家基金委拨款单位:国家基金委合同经费:20横向课题经费课题名称具有波束多选择性的多频段可重构天线研究2013-01-01--2014-12-31 负责人:王安国科技计划: 拨款单位:东南大学毫米波国家重点实验室合同经费:5课题名称双方向图算法在室内定位中的应用2012-01-01--2012-12-31 负责人:冷文科技计划: 拨款单位:中兴通讯股份有限公司合同经费:14.5期刊、会议论文马宁王安国姬雨初石和平Cooperative Space Shift Keying for Multiple-Relay Network IEEE Communications Lettersnull裴静王安国高顺,冷文Miniaturized Triple-Band Antenna With a Defected Ground Plane for WLAN/WiMAX Applications IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Lettersnull赵国煌王安国冷文陈彬陈华Wideband internal antenna with coupled feeding for 4G mobile phone Microwave and Optical Technology Lettersnull陈彬王安国赵国煌Design of a novel ultrawideband antenna with dualband-notched characteristics Microwave and Optical technology lettersnull 蔡晓涛王安国马宁冷文 A Novel Planar Parasitic Array Antenna with Reconfigurable Azimuth pattern IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Lettersnull 马宁王安国聂仲尔曲倩倩姬雨初Adaptive Mapping Generalized Space Shift Keying Modulation China Communicationsnull王安国蔡晓涛冷文带寄生贴片的圆盘形方向图可重构天线设计电波科学学报null 王安国陈彬冷文赵国煌一种小型化五频段可重构蝶形天线的设计电波科学学报null蔡晓涛王安国马宁冷文Novel radiation pattern reconfigurable antenna with six beam choices The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunicationsnull 曲倩倩王安国聂仲尔郑剑锋Block Mapping Spatial Modulation Scheme forMIMO Systems The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunicationsnull王安国刘楠兰航方向图可重构宽带准八木天线的设计天津大学学报null李锵纵向课题经费课题名称基于稀疏核支持向量机的音乐自动分类系统关键技术研究2009-06-01--2010-06-01 负责人:李锵科技计划: 拨款单位:天津大学建筑设计研究院合同经费:3课题名称jg预研项目2010-03-01--2010-12-01 负责人:李锵科技计划:拨款单位:渤海石油运输有限责任公司合同经费:3课题名称超声波热治疗中非侵入式温度成像与弹性成像关键技术研究2015-01-01--2018-12-31 负责人:李锵科技计划:国家自然科学基金项目拨款单位: 国家自然科学基金委员会合同经费:85课题名称高等学校学科创新引智计划综合管理平台的设计与开发2010-04-01--2012-04-01 负责人:李锵科技计划: 拨款单位:苏州国芯科技有限公司合同经费:3横向课题经费课题名称微粒捕集器数据采集系统开发2008-01-01--2008-06-01 负责人:李锵科技计划: 拨款单位:润英联新加坡私人有限公司合同经费:22.5课题名称电子系统可靠性增长建模与仿真2006-12-01--2008-01-01 负责人:李锵科技计划: 拨款单位:中国人民解放军海军航空工程学院合同经费:5期刊、会议论文李锵，滕建辅，赵全明，李士心Wavelet domain Wiener filter and its application in signal denoising null张立毅，李锵，刘婷，滕建辅The research of the adaptive blind equalizer's steady residual error null徐星，李锵，关欣Chinese folk instruments classification via statistical features and sparse-based representation null张立毅，李锵，刘婷，滕建辅Study of improved constant modulus blind equalization algorithm null张立毅，孙云山，李锵，滕建辅Study on the fuzzy neural network classifier blind equalization algorithm null郭继昌，滕建辅，李锵Research of the gyro signal de-noising method based on stationary wavelets transform null肖志涛，于明，李锵，国澄明Symmetry phase congruency: Feature detector consistent with human visual system characteristics nullCai wei，李锵，关欣Automatic singer identification based on auditory features. null李锵，滕建辅，王昕，张雅绮，郭继昌Research of gyro signal de-noising with stationary wavelets transform null郭继昌，滕建辅，李锵，张雅绮The de-noising of gyro signals by bi-orthogonalwavelet transform nullLiu Tianlong，李锵，关欣Double boundary periodic extension DNA coding sequence detection algorithm combining base content null关欣，滕建辅，李锵，苏育挺Blind acoustic source separation combiningtime-delayed autocorrelation and 4TH-order cumulants null张立毅，李锵，滕建辅Kurtosis-driven variable step size blind equalization algorithm with constant module nullQin Lu，李锵，关欣Pitch Extraction for Musical Signals with Modified AMDF null Zhang Xueying，李锵，关欣The Improved AMDF Gene Exon Prediction null 李锵，Jian Dong,Ming-Guo Wang,滕建辅Analysis and simulation of antenna protocol optimization for ad hoc networks nullFeng Yanyan，李锵，关欣Entropy of Teager Energy in Wavelet-domain Algorithm Applied in Note Onset Detection nullBao Hu, Li ShangSheng, 李锵，滕建辅Research on the technology of RFSS in large-scale universal missile ATE null张立毅，Haiqing Cheng,李锵，滕建辅 A research of forward neural network blind equalization algorithm based on momentum term null张立毅，李锵，滕建辅 A New Adaptive Variable Step-size Blind Equalization Algorithm Based on Forward Neural Network nullYutao Ma,李锵，Chao Li，Kun Li，滕建辅Design of active transimpedanceband-pass filters with different Q values International Journal of Electronicsnull 夏静静，李锵,刘浩澧，Wen-shiang Chen,Po-Hsiang Tsui An Approach for the Visualization of Temperature Distribution in Tissues According to Changes in Ultrasonic Backscattered Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicinenull 耿晓楠，李锵，崔博翔，王荞茵，刘浩澧超声温度影像与弹性成像监控组织射频消融南方医科大学学报null谭玲玲, 李锵, 李瑞杰, 滕建辅Design of transimpedance low-pass filters International Journal of Electronicsnull李锵，李秋颖，关欣基于听觉图像的音乐流派自动分类天津大学学报（自然科学与工程技术版）nullChong Zhou, Wei Pang, 李锵, Hongyu Yu, Xiaotang Hu, HaoZhang, Extracting the Electromechanical Coupling Constant of Piezoelectric Thin Film by the High-Tone Bulk Acoustic Resonator IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Controlnull朱琳, 李锵, 刘开华基于ADS的声表面波单端对谐振器建模压电与声光null董丽梦, 李锵, 关欣基于稀疏表示分类器的音乐和弦识别系统研究计算机工程与应用null关欣，李锵，田洪伟基于差分全相位MFCC的音符起点自动检测计算机工程null 关欣，李锵，郭继昌，滕建辅二、四阶组合时延统计量多乐器盲分离计算机工程与应用null杨甲沛, 李锵, 刘郑, 袁晓琳基于自适应学习速率的改进型BP算法研究计算机工程与应用null李锵, 张法朝, 张瑞峰System design of DPF data recorder and data analysisnull李锵, 袁晓琳, 杨甲沛Application of ant colony algorithm in the optimization of the time environmental conversion factor of the reliability models null 张立毅，白煜，李锵，滕建辅复数系统中五二阶归一化积累盲均衡算法的研究通信学报null郭继昌，关欣，李锵，刘志杨红外图像预处理系统中模拟视频输出时序设计电子技术应用null关欣，滕建辅，李锵，苏育挺，Wang Shu-Yan Blind source separation combining time-delayed second and fourth order statistics 天津大学学报（自然科学与工程技术版）null张立毅，李锵，滕建辅复数系统中三、二阶归一化累积量盲均衡算法的研究计算机工程与应用null张立毅，李锵，滕建辅经典盲均衡算法中稳态剩余误差的分析天津大学学报null 滕建辅，董健，李锵，关欣Design of maximally flat FIR filters based on explicit formulas combined with optimization 天津大学学报（英文版）null郭继昌，陈敏俊，李锵，关欣红外焦平面失效元处理方法及软硬件实现光电工程null 马杰，王昕，李锵，滕建辅基于特征值和奇异值分解方法的盲分离天津大学学报（自然科学与工程技术版）null李锵，郭继昌，关欣，滕建辅基于通用DSP的红外焦平面视频图像数字预处理系统天津大学学报（自然科学与工程技术版）null李锵，郭继昌，关欣，刘航，童央群基于DSP的红外焦平面视频图像数字处理系统的设计测控技术null马杰，滕建辅，李锵具有参考噪声源的多路传感器信号盲分离方法测控技术null 周郭飞，李锵，滕建辅微带扇形分支线在低通滤波器设计中应用电子测量技术null 李锵，滕建辅，李士心，肖志涛小波域Wiener滤波器信号的去噪方法天津大学学报（自然科学与工程技术版）null肖志涛，于明，李锵，唐红梅，国澄明Log Gabor小波性能分析及其在相位一致性中应用天津大学学报（自然科学与工程技术版）null罗批，李锵，郭继昌，滕建辅Improved genetic algorithm and its performance analysis 天津大学学报（英文版）null罗批，郭继昌，李锵，滕建辅一种实用的电子线路参数优化算法电路与系统学报null 罗批，李锵，郭继昌，滕建辅基于偏最小二乘回归建模的探讨天津大学学报null 知识产权李锵，闫志勇，关欣一种结合SVM和增强型PCP特征的和弦识别方法中国2014100089231李锵, 冯亚楠, 关欣基于Teager能量熵的音符切分方法学术专著(关欣, 杨爱萍, 白煜, 李锵), 信号检测与估计:理论与应用（译著）, 电子工业出版社2012-01-31(白煜, 李锵), 模拟集成电路设计的艺术(译著), 人民邮电出版社2010-11-04(李锵，周进等), 无线通信基础（译著）, 人民邮电出版社2007-06-30(李锵，董健，关欣，鲍虎), 数字通信（原书第2版）（译著）, 机械工业出版社2006-02-28(张为，关欣，刘艳艳，李锵), 电子电路设计基础（译著）, 电子工业出版社2005-10-01(张雅绮，李锵等), Verilog HDL高级数字设计（译著）, 电子工业出版社2005-01-31(李锵，侯春萍，赵宇), 网络（原书第2版）（译著）, 机械工业出版社2004-11-30(李锵，郭继昌), 无线通信与网络, 电子工业出版社2004-06-30本文内容摘自《天津大学814通信原理考研红宝书》，更多考研资料可登陆网站下载！。
单轴光纤陀螺寻北仪
用精密蜗轮、蜗杆副传动，设计传动比 160∶1。通过提高蜗轮蜗杆副的加工精度和装配精度，提高了转台的定位精度。
1.2.2 精密转位控制系统 转位控制系统由微处理器、步进电机及其驱动电路、光电编码器及其解码电路构成。系统采用分辨率为 1"的绝对式
第2期
蒋庆仙等：单轴光纤陀螺寻北仪的研究
167
光电编码器作为步进电机位置控制的反馈机构，构成闭环控制系统。采用 8 位单片机作为控制器实现数字控制，对步进 电机的定位位置进行修正。采用了分体式光电编码器，将码盘、轴系和底盘进行了一体化设计。码盘直接与内轴固连，
（1）
α
=
2
cos γ arctan(
−
cos2 γ + sin2 β sin2 γ − A2
A + sin β sin γ
（2）
式中， A = ω1x
− ω2x
− εr1 + εr2 + 2ωe sinφ cos β sin γ 2ωe cosφ
， εr 为陀螺随机漂
移，包含周期噪声和白噪声等各种随机干扰信号。
收稿日期：2009-11-05；修回日期：2010-03-02 作者简介：蒋庆仙（1969—），女，高级工程师，主要从事陀螺定向技术的研究。 E-mail：jiangqingx@
166
中国惯性技术学报
第 18 卷
一固定轴与真北方向的夹角[4]。为了实现 360°全方位寻北，增加了从初始位置逆时针旋转 90°的采样位置（采样数秒钟）， 由解算出的方位角的符号和 90°位置陀螺输出值的符号可唯一地确定出陀螺敏感轴的真北方位角。由于陀螺仪和加速度计
文章编号：1005-6734(2010)02-0165-05
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Stationary iterative methods are methods for solving a linear system of equations
where is a given matrix and is a given vector. Stationary iterative methods can be expressed in the simple form
where neither nor depends upon the iteration count . The four main stationary methods are the Jacobi method, Gauss-Seidel method, successive overrelaxation method (SOR), and symmetric successive overrelaxation method (SSOR).
The Jacobi method is based on solving for every variable locally with respect to the other variables; one iteration corresponds to solving for every variable once. It is easy to understand and implement, but convergence is slow.
The Gauss-Seidel method is similar to the Jacobi method except that it uses updated values as soon as they are available. It generally converges faster than the Jacobi method, although still relatively slowly.
The successive overrelaxation method can be derived from the Gauss-Seidel method by introducing an extrapolation parameter . This method can converge faster than Gauss-Seidel by an order of magnitude.
Finally, the symmetric successive overrelaxation method is useful as a preconditioner for nonstationary methods. However, it has no advantage over the successive overrelaxation method as a stand-alone iterative method.。