[cet4语法讲义ppt]虚拟
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虚拟语气公开课全PPT课件
将来虚拟语气
总结词
表示与将来事实相反的情况
详细描述
在从句中使用一般过去时或 “were to+动词原形”，主句中 使用“would+动词原形”，表示 与将来实际情况相反的情况，常 用于表达预测、期望等情感。
混合虚拟语气
总结词
表示与过去、现在或将来事实相反的 情况
详细描述
在从句和主句中分别使用不同的时间 点的虚拟语气形式，表示与过去、现 在或将来实际情况相反的情况，常用 于表达复杂的假设、期望等情感。
在定语从句和主句中的用法
在定语从句和主句中，虚拟语气也有特定的用法。在 定语从句中，虚拟语气通常用于修饰名词或代词，表 达对某种情况的假设或想象。
例如，“I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: 'We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.'”（我有一个梦想 ，有一天这个国家会站起来并实现其信条的真正含义 ：我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的：所有的人生来平 等。）在主句中，虚拟语气通常用于表达对某种情况 的祝愿或假设。
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在省略句中，虚拟语气通常出现在被省略的部分，表示与实际情况相反的情况 或结果。
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例如，“If he had known the answer, he would have told you.”这句话省 略了“he had known the answer”的部分，只保留了关键信息“he would have told you”，表示“如果他知道了答案，他会告诉你的”。
高中英语语法课件_虚拟语气(全)(共55张PPT)详解
解题思路
本题前半句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件 从句，后半句是表示与过去事实相反的主句。 相当于：If he had worked harder, he would have got through the exams.本题的 答案是B. would have got through。 选项A. must have got through（肯定通过） 表示一种对过去事情的主观推测，不是与过去 事情相反的情况。另外，must不能用在虚拟条 件句中。 选项C. 和D. would / could get through （就会通过）是虚拟语气现在时的一种表示方 法，表示与现在事实相反。
为什么要学习虚拟语气？
虚拟语气是四级考试中重点考察的语法 点。历年四级考试中，仅仅单项填空部
分就一共出现了48道虚拟语气的题 目！！！
II. 虚拟语气的最基本形式
非真实性条件句是虚拟语气最基本的表 现形式。
i. 由“if” 来引导的非真实条件句
组成方式： 非真实的条件从句 + 假设结果（主句）
最基本形式的表达方式
语法要点
虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood
I.什么是语气？
语气是动词的一种形式，用以表示说话 人对某种言行或某种事情的看法或态度。 英语有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气 和虚拟语气。 陈述语气一般用来讲述事实或提出疑问。 常常用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句。 e.g. I took a shower after supper. What are you going to do? What a beautiful flower!
A case in Point
P. 37 (l. 28) in College English II. Unit 3 Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. = If it were left to me to decide…
专四语法虚拟语气ppt课件
【补充】混合虚拟式，或交错虚拟式：有时，从句 的动词所表示的动作和主句的动词所表示的动作 不一致，这时就要使用混合虚拟式。
* If I had taken my raincoat when I came out this morning, I would not be wet now.
* If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.
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烧伤病人 的治疗 通常是 取烧伤 病人的 健康皮 肤进行 自体移 植，但 对于大 面积烧 伤病人 来讲， 健康皮 肤很有 限，请 同学们 想一想 如何来 治疗该 病人
一.考点分类 - 从句省略连词if的虚拟语气
真题举例及分析
例1: Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she____ much better results now.（ 2008:52）
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烧伤病人 的治疗 通常是 取烧伤 病人的 健康皮 肤进行 自体移 植，但 对于大 面积烧 伤病人 来讲， 健康皮 肤很有 限，请 同学们 想一想 如何来 治疗该 病人
3.专业四级考试语法与词汇部分每年至少有一道 相关试题涉及虚拟语气，平均下来达到每年1-2 题，总计有24题。
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烧伤病人 的治疗 通常是 取烧伤 病人的 健康皮 肤进行 自体移 植，但 对于大 面积烧 伤病人 来讲， 健康皮 肤很有 限，请 同学们 想一想 如何来 治疗该 病人
二. 考点分类 - 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
Examples: If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught
the train. If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have
* If I had taken my raincoat when I came out this morning, I would not be wet now.
* If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.
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烧伤病人 的治疗 通常是 取烧伤 病人的 健康皮 肤进行 自体移 植，但 对于大 面积烧 伤病人 来讲， 健康皮 肤很有 限，请 同学们 想一想 如何来 治疗该 病人
一.考点分类 - 从句省略连词if的虚拟语气
真题举例及分析
例1: Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she____ much better results now.（ 2008:52）
3
烧伤病人 的治疗 通常是 取烧伤 病人的 健康皮 肤进行 自体移 植，但 对于大 面积烧 伤病人 来讲， 健康皮 肤很有 限，请 同学们 想一想 如何来 治疗该 病人
3.专业四级考试语法与词汇部分每年至少有一道 相关试题涉及虚拟语气，平均下来达到每年1-2 题，总计有24题。
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烧伤病人 的治疗 通常是 取烧伤 病人的 健康皮 肤进行 自体移 植，但 对于大 面积烧 伤病人 来讲， 健康皮 肤很有 限，请 同学们 想一想 如何来 治疗该 病人
二. 考点分类 - 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
Examples: If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught
the train. If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have
虚拟语气详细讲解 ppt课件
carefully, he would not have had
(have) the car accident yesterday.
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Summary
• 虚拟语气的考点归纳如下： • (should)+动词原形的情形 • wish, if only, it is time…的用法 • if或but for等引导的条件句
2021/3/30
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• 1）用于含有命令、建议、要求等意义的结构 中
• 含有上述意义的动词后的宾语从句
• 含有上述意义的名词后的同位语从句或表语从句
• 含有上述意义的某些It is +过去分词+that 或it is + 形容词+that 的结构中 在英国英语中，这一类的虚 拟语气也可以用should+原形动词的形式
• 倘有必要，我们随时可以援一引手。
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1.3 were型虚拟语气
• Were 型虚拟语气主要指be动词在某些表示 与事实相反的语境里使用固定的were形式
• 其他动词在类似的语境里使用过去时或过 去完成体形式的虚拟语气。
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• Were型虚拟语气主要用于表示与事实相反的愿望、 假设、印象、看法等意义的结构中
• 非简单句
• 当一个句号前出现两个、甚至更多个主谓结构时,简 单句就变成了并列句或复合句。
• ①并列句（并列连词连接） • ②复合句（从句引导词引导）
2021/3/30
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目录
• （一）语气（虚拟语气）
• （二）情态动词
• （三）形容词、副词及比较级、最高级
• （四）代词及其指代一致
英语语法：虚拟语气ppt课件
If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.
If it had not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
最新版整理ppt
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5. 含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中 并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段代替 条件句。
If only I __h_ad_n_’_t _lo_s_t___my car.
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3. 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用 的介词由with, without, but for等。
What would you do with a million dollars? =if you had a million dollars We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help.
一个坚持（insist）,两个命令（order, command）,三个建议（ suggest, advise, propose）,四个要求 （ ask,demand request, require）
最新版整理ppt
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Revision :
1. He is not a pilot, but he wishes he _w_e_r_e__ (be).
If he had not telephoned to inform…
最新版整理ppt
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定语从句: A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.
If it had not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
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5. 含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中 并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段代替 条件句。
If only I __h_ad_n_’_t _lo_s_t___my car.
最新版整理ppt
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3. 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用 的介词由with, without, but for等。
What would you do with a million dollars? =if you had a million dollars We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help.
一个坚持（insist）,两个命令（order, command）,三个建议（ suggest, advise, propose）,四个要求 （ ask,demand request, require）
最新版整理ppt
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Revision :
1. He is not a pilot, but he wishes he _w_e_r_e__ (be).
If he had not telephoned to inform…
最新版整理ppt
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定语从句: A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.
大学英语虚拟语气详解图文ppt课件
为了规范事业单位聘用关系，建立和 完善适 应社会 主义市 场经济 体制的 事业单 位工作 人员聘 用制度 ，保障 用人单 位和职 工的合 法权益
为了规范事业单位聘用关系，建立和 完善适 应社会 主义市 场经济 体制的 事业单 位工作 人员聘 用制度 ，保障 用人单 位和职 工的合 法权益
为了规范事业单位聘用关系，建立和 完善适 应社会 主义市 场经济 体制的 事业单 位工作 人员聘 用制度 ，保障 用人单 位和职 工的合 法权益
为了规范事业单位聘用关系，建立和 完善适 应社会 主义市 场经济 体制的 事业单 位工作 人员聘 用制度 ，保障 用人单 位和职 工的合 法权益
为了规范事业单位聘用关系，建立和 完善适 应社会 主义市 场经济 体制的 事业单 位工作 人员聘 用制度 ，保障 用人单 位和职 工的合 法权益
为了规范事业单位聘用关系，建立和 完善适 应社会 主义市 场经济 体制的 事业单 位工作 人员聘 用制度 ，保障 用人单 位和职 工的合 法权益
为了规范事业单位聘用关系，建立和 完善适 应社会 主义市 场经济 体制的 事业单 位工作 人员聘 用制度 ，保障 用人单 位和职 工的合 法权益
为了规范事业单位聘用关系，建立和 完善适 应社会 主义市 场经济 体制的 事业单 位工作 人员聘 用制度 ，保障 用人单 位和职 工的合 法权益
为了规范事业单位聘用关系，建立和 完善适 应社会 主义市 场经济 体制的 事业单 位工作 人员聘 用制度 ，保障 用人单 位和职 工的合 法权益
为了规范事业单位聘用关系，建立和 完善适 应社会 主义市 场经济 体制的 事业单 位工作 人员聘 用制度 ，保障 用人单 位和职 工的合 法权益
为了规范事业单位聘用关系，建立和 完善适 应社会 主义市 场经济 体制的 事业单 位工作 人员聘 用制度 ，保障 用人单 位和职 工的合 法权益
英语专业四级词汇语法辅导虚拟语气非谓语动词课件PPT教学
• Suppose the boss walked in. What should I do? • Suppose Saddam had not been captured. What would the U.S. do?
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虚拟语气的几个句型 • 6. whether it (he) be …or…意为“不管（不论）是……还是……”，
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虚拟语气的几个句型
主句谓语
wish
对…情况的 虚拟
现在
过去
将来
从句谓语
从句谓语形式 动词的过去式（be用were）
had + 过去分词 could, would + have +过去分词 would, could, might+ 动词原形
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虚拟语气的几个句型
• 2、would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner, just as soon和would prefer所引导的从句中要求用过去式 表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况。但这 种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设，而是一种尚未实现 的愿望或表示说话人婉转的责备。 例如：
表示让步，为虚拟语气的一种表示方法，其省略结构为be it…or…, be he…or等，必须用倒装。例如： • Be he what he may, he should obey the rules. • Every day he takes a walk in the park in the evening, whether it be fine or raining. • Home is home, be it ever so homely.( 再穷也是家) • All matter, whether it be gas, liquid or solid, is made up of atoms. • The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
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虚拟语气的几个句型 • 6. whether it (he) be …or…意为“不管（不论）是……还是……”，
第2页/共106页
虚拟语气的几个句型
主句谓语
wish
对…情况的 虚拟
现在
过去
将来
从句谓语
从句谓语形式 动词的过去式（be用were）
had + 过去分词 could, would + have +过去分词 would, could, might+ 动词原形
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虚拟语气的几个句型
• 2、would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner, just as soon和would prefer所引导的从句中要求用过去式 表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况。但这 种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设，而是一种尚未实现 的愿望或表示说话人婉转的责备。 例如：
表示让步，为虚拟语气的一种表示方法，其省略结构为be it…or…, be he…or等，必须用倒装。例如： • Be he what he may, he should obey the rules. • Every day he takes a walk in the park in the evening, whether it be fine or raining. • Home is home, be it ever so homely.( 再穷也是家) • All matter, whether it be gas, liquid or solid, is made up of atoms. • The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
四级虚拟语气详解
英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式：一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were)主语+should,would,might,could＋动词原形与过去相反的假设If+主语+had +过去分词主语＋should, would, might,could＋have done与将来相反的假设1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形3、If+主语+should +动词原形主语＋should, would，might,could＋动词原形eg: If I had time, I would attend the meeting.If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train.If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.注意：使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整1、If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了．2、If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了．错综时间条件句例题：Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.A.areB. wereC. would beD. would have been 解析：这是个混合型的虚拟语气，前面是个省略加倒装句，还原后是 If you had listen to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听医生的话，现在病都好了。
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2011-11-9
It is (high) time that…...
It is time we____(leave). It is time we ____(go)to bed. It’s high time that you were in bed. It’s about time we left.
2011-11-9
Would rather
I would rather you told her the truth. I’d rather you came tomorrow. I’d rather (that) he painted it blue. I would (just)as soon that John had not spoken rudely to me.
2011-11-9
It’s important that…...
It is important that we ____ (speak) politely. It is imperative that we____ (practice) criticism and self-criticism strange, advisable, anxious, crucial, appropriate compulsory, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝 对必要的), impossible, improper, natural, necessary, obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing
2011-11-9
but for, otherwise, without
The storm delayed us. But for the storm we would have been in time. I used my calculator; otherwise I’d have taken much longer. Supposing I accepted this offer, what would you say? Without you timely help, my daughter would have drowned.
2011-11-9
If only
If only you would listen to reason. If only I were ten years younger. IF only he didn’t drive so fast. If only he had asked someone’s advice. If I could only go to the concert. If I could only/but/just explain.
2011-11-9
I insist that
I insist that we ____ (go) there by bus. He suggested that we ___ (leave) early. The judge ordered that the prisoner ___ (be) sentenced to 30 days in jail.
虚拟语气
条件句
2011-11-9
三种基本形式
If I had a bike, I would lend it to you.(if从句用过去时, 主句用should/ would/ could/ might+不定式) If he had been here, he would have helped you.(从句过去完成时, 主句should /would/ could/ might +不定式完成时) If I should/were to do the experiment, I would do it some other way. (从句用 should/ were to, 主句用should/would /could /might+不定式)
2011-11-9
if的省略
1. Were you in my position,you would do the same. 2. Had he come earlier,he would have seen her. 3. Should they attack us, we would wipe them out completely.
2011-11-9
I wish
I wish I knew the answer. I wish I had known the address. I wish I were young. I wish you would stop asking silly questions. I wished I knew his address.(发生在过 去=I was sorry I didn’t know his address.) I wished I were young.(=I was sorry I was not young.)
2011-11-9
My suggestion…...
My suggestion is that we should tell him. Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible. request command necessity importance motion proposal resolution recommendation understanding
2011-11-9
这些动词和名词后的从句为 should+V
advise(advice), agree(agreement), decide(decision), decree, demand, determine (determination), grant, indicate(indication), insist, move (insistence), order, request, require prefer(preference), urge, vote, ask, propose(proposal), (requirement), resolve(resolution), stipulate, desire (stipulation),, allow, arrange, beg, concede, demonstrate, ensure, pray, intend, move, pledge, command
2011-11-9
It is (high) time that…...
It is time we____(leave). It is time we ____(go)to bed. It’s high time that you were in bed. It’s about time we left.
2011-11-9
Would rather
I would rather you told her the truth. I’d rather you came tomorrow. I’d rather (that) he painted it blue. I would (just)as soon that John had not spoken rudely to me.
2011-11-9
It’s important that…...
It is important that we ____ (speak) politely. It is imperative that we____ (practice) criticism and self-criticism strange, advisable, anxious, crucial, appropriate compulsory, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝 对必要的), impossible, improper, natural, necessary, obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing
2011-11-9
but for, otherwise, without
The storm delayed us. But for the storm we would have been in time. I used my calculator; otherwise I’d have taken much longer. Supposing I accepted this offer, what would you say? Without you timely help, my daughter would have drowned.
2011-11-9
If only
If only you would listen to reason. If only I were ten years younger. IF only he didn’t drive so fast. If only he had asked someone’s advice. If I could only go to the concert. If I could only/but/just explain.
2011-11-9
I insist that
I insist that we ____ (go) there by bus. He suggested that we ___ (leave) early. The judge ordered that the prisoner ___ (be) sentenced to 30 days in jail.
虚拟语气
条件句
2011-11-9
三种基本形式
If I had a bike, I would lend it to you.(if从句用过去时, 主句用should/ would/ could/ might+不定式) If he had been here, he would have helped you.(从句过去完成时, 主句should /would/ could/ might +不定式完成时) If I should/were to do the experiment, I would do it some other way. (从句用 should/ were to, 主句用should/would /could /might+不定式)
2011-11-9
if的省略
1. Were you in my position,you would do the same. 2. Had he come earlier,he would have seen her. 3. Should they attack us, we would wipe them out completely.
2011-11-9
I wish
I wish I knew the answer. I wish I had known the address. I wish I were young. I wish you would stop asking silly questions. I wished I knew his address.(发生在过 去=I was sorry I didn’t know his address.) I wished I were young.(=I was sorry I was not young.)
2011-11-9
My suggestion…...
My suggestion is that we should tell him. Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible. request command necessity importance motion proposal resolution recommendation understanding
2011-11-9
这些动词和名词后的从句为 should+V
advise(advice), agree(agreement), decide(decision), decree, demand, determine (determination), grant, indicate(indication), insist, move (insistence), order, request, require prefer(preference), urge, vote, ask, propose(proposal), (requirement), resolve(resolution), stipulate, desire (stipulation),, allow, arrange, beg, concede, demonstrate, ensure, pray, intend, move, pledge, command
2011-11-9