IN THE NEWS - War in Iraq Voted Top News Story of 2006
四级CET4高频词汇
1. Pledgen. 保证, 誓言, 抵押, 抵押品vt. 保证, 使发誓, 抵押, 典当, 举杯祝...健康Premier Wen jiabao has pledged more help for quake and tsunami-hit Indonesia and other nations after flying to Jakarta to attend a summit today. 今天，温家宝总理在飞往雅格达参加各国首脑会议后承诺中国将给受海啸和地震袭击的印度尼西亚和其他国家给予更多的帮助。
2. Delivervt. 递送, 陈述, 释放, 发表(一篇演说等), 交付, 引渡, 瞄准, 给予(打击)In a meeting with Indonesian President late yesterday ,Premier wen jiabao said China would continue to deliver aid .昨天傍晚，温家宝总理在和印度尼西亚总统会晤时说：“中国政府将继续提供援助。
3 .Proposaln.提议, 建议Premier wen jiabao said the Chinese Government will put forward its own proposals at today’s summit.温家宝总理说：“中国政府将在今天的首脑会议上提出自己的建议。
4. Survivev.幸免于, 幸存, 生还Although there’s been no information ,I still believe that Wang Ti ng had a chance to survive. 尽管没有任何消息，我依然相信王婷还有机会活着。
5. Donatev.捐赠, 赠予A local woman has given her nine-month baby a second life by donating part of her liver on Sunday. 星期天，一位当地妇女通过捐赠自己的部分肝脏给了她九个月大的宝宝第二次生命。
新世界七大奇迹与旧世界七大奇迹中英文对照有图
巴西基督像July 9, 2007—The 105-foot-tall (38-meter-tall) "Christ the Redeemer" statue in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was among the "new seven wonders of the world" announced July 7 following a global poll to decide a new list of human-made marvels.2007年7月9日，在经过全球评选之后，位于巴西里约日内卢的高105英尺（38米）的“救世主耶稣”成为7月份公布的“新世界七大奇迹”之一。
The winners were voted for by Internet and phone, American Idol style. The other six new wonders are the Colosseum in Rome, India's TajMahal, the Great Wall of China, Jordan's ancient city of Petra, the Inca ruins of Machu Picchu in Peru, and the ancient Maya city of ChichénItzá in Mexico.就像美国偶像（超级女声）的方式一样，这些胜出者是通过互联网和电话投票选出来的。
另外六个新奇迹是罗马斗兽场、印度泰姬陵、中国长城、约旦佩特拉古城、秘鲁印加马丘遗址和墨西哥的奇琴伊查库库尔坎金字塔。
The contest was organized by the New7Wonders Foundation—the brainchild of Swiss filmmaker and museum curator Bernard Weber—in order to "protect humankind's heritage across the globe." The foundation says the poll attracted almost a hundred million votes.这次竞选是由新七大奇迹基金会——瑞士电影制作人和博物馆馆长伯纳德·韦伯发起的计划，其目的是为了“在全球范围内保护人类的遗产”。
fahrenheit911
1146The Journal of American History December 2004World of Ideas: Howard Zinn. Public Affairs Television, 2003. 55 mins. (Films for the Hu-manities and Sciences, Box 2053, Princeton, NJ 08543-2053; 800-257-5126; <custserv@ >; <> [Sept. 13, 2004])Bill Moyers’s interview with the historian and activist Howard Zinn is at its best when auto-biographical. The author of A People’s History of the United States (1980), one of the most influential radical works of the past half cen-tury, remains, in his eighties, a warm and compelling observer and critic of social injus-tice and war. Moyers focuses considerable at-tention on the ways in which Zinn’s World War II bombardier experiences shaped his postwar commitments. Zinn is at his best in describing how, at thirty thousand feet, one does not hear the screams of one’s victims. His excoriation of modern warfare rests, for the most part, on its essential dehumanization, its killing at a distance. The story of his bombing runs over Rouen in France in the last days of the war, dropping “jellied gasoline” on de-feated German soldiers without a qualm, only later to realize that he had been involved in the first use of napalm within the European theater, is particularly compelling.At the same time, Moyers presents Zinn, especially his People’s History, as a “touchstone of dissident thought” and a work unprece-dented among modern historical works. Al-though Zinn notes the many studies that resulted from the social movements of the 1960s, he does allow Moyers to sustain the no-tion that Zinn’s efforts remain singular and cutting-edge. It is here that both Moyers and Zinn falter.Zinn’s work has been essentially derivative. He has brought much of the newer social his-tory, history from “the bottom up,” to the consciousness of the more than one million buyers of People’s History. But Zinn’s approach remains economically reductionist and analyt-ically thin. He tends to champion all of the victims, all those who demonstrated some re-sistance to the oppressions rooted in social class, racial, or gender privileges. But other than to popularize examples of resistance, he is left with an ahistorical binary of the people versus the interests.Here is where Moyers falters in his admira-tion for Zinn. For example, the categories of “imperialism” or “capitalism” never are raised by either in this mutual admiration pairing. Zinn comes across as a pacifist—although he resists the term—and a humanist. That he has ideas about systemic contradictions remains unexplored. When asked about oppressive re-gimes that seemed impregnable and then fell, Zinn lists only those on the Right, for exam-ple, the Somozas, Ferdinand Marcos. Moyers then adds the collapse of Soviet bloc govern-ments, which Zinn affirms. But it is clear that his heart is in the left-wing tradition of anti-imperialism. A more critical host might have explored Zinn’s views about Marxism, the So-viet Union, the moral failures on the Left.But instead, Zinn is allowed the easy re-joinder that he is “still hopeful for America”because of the inevitable upsurges of reform that are part of our history. Moyers, focusing on Zinn the man, refrains from helping the viewer learn more about Zinn the radical his-torian. Moyers is wonderful at the former, dis-appointing at the latter. In the 1960s, Zinn proclaimed that history was politics; this problematical formulation remains to be ex-plored.Paul LyonsRichard Stockton CollegePomona, New JerseyFahrenheit 9/11. Dir. by Michael Moore. Miramax Films, 2004. 122 mins.Michael Moore’s Fahrenheit 9/11 deserves spe-cial attention. It is the highest-grossing and perhaps the most-watched documentary film on a political subject in American history. The production, which cost only $6 million to make, topped $100 million in earnings by early August 2004, and sales of videos and DVD s are expected to raise the gross to much higher levels. Fahrenheit 9/11 has become ar-guably the most controversial American-made documentary. In the weeks after its release, supporters and critics debated its merits and flaws vehemently. Some praised Michael Moore for delivering a hard-hitting, gutsy in-Movie Reviews1147terpretation of recent events. Others lam-basted him for juxtaposing evidence unfairly and delivering propaganda, not history.Fahrenheit 9/11 is especially provocative for three reasons. It raises serious questions about the rationale for American military action in Iraq. The documentary also presents President George W. Bush in a strongly unfavorable light. Finally, Fahrenheit 9/11 draws attention to the plight of Americans and Iraqis who have been physically and mentally harmed by the war.Moore claims that the true motives for U.S. military intervention in Iraq were not the noble and strategic reasons promoted by Pres-ident Bush and leaders in his administration. The filmmaker indicates that Iraq’s govern-ment under Saddam Hussein was not signifi-cantly involved with Al-Qaeda or the attacks of 9/11. At various points in Fahrenheit 9/11 Moore suggests that proponents of interven-tion were motivated by greed. He explores ties between the Bush family’s fortunes and the fortunes of the Saudi royal family as well as the wealthy bin Laden family of Saudi Arabia. The director also reports on the activities of wealthy investment groups that stood to real-ize huge profits from the occupation of Iraq and the rebuilding of its oil industry.President Bush looks like a weak leader in Fahrenheit 9/11 rather than the sure-footed commander of America’s struggle against ter-rorists. Moore includes clips showing the pres-ident looking sinister just minutes before delivering an important war message to the nation. In another unflattering clip, the presi-dent delivers a message to journalists while on a golf course. “We must stop the terror,” he says firmly and then lines up for a shot while telling the assembled reporters, “Now watch this drive!” The most memorable footage shows Bush looking dazed as he reads to ele-mentary school children for nearly seven min-utes after being informed that two planes had crashed into the World T rade Center.Fahrenheit 9/11 claims that Iraqi civilians and American soldiers (as well as their fami-lies) have paid a heavy price since the war be-gan. Moore shows Iraqis living cheerfully in the prewar days and then quickly shifts to footage of heavy bombing in Baghdad, the de-struction of Iraqi homes, and the horrible deaths and maiming caused by the war. He also shows American soldiers nursing physical and mental wounds at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. As in Roger and Me (1989), Moore communicates sympathy for poor Americans, who are often the victims of deci-sions made by powerful people. He reports on the military’s efforts to recruit poor Americans from regions that have been blighted by hard economic times. Moore also appears on the sidewalks of Washington, D.C., near the Cap-itol. He asks several congressmen who voted for war if they wish to volunteer their sons for combat in Iraq. Not one accepts his invitation. Moore reports that only one congressman had a son in active service in Iraq at the time.Critics of Fahrenheit 9/11 complain that Moore sees economic motives and financial shenanigans behind almost every action taken by political leaders, and certainly Fahrenheit 9/11 is replete with claims of questionable ac-tivities carried out by powerful figures. Moore implies that President Bush may have sup-ported the invasion of Afghanistan to promote the construction of a pipeline in that country. The director also describes the Carlyle Group’s interest in Iraq (the organization, a well-en-dowed private equity firm, has strong political connections to the president, his father, and Saudi royalty). Fahrenheit 9/11 features so many suggestions about hidden and suspi-cious-sounding alliances that some of Moore’s admirers have expressed dismay. Todd Gitlin, for instance, praises Michael Moore for raising many important questions but scolds him for making “sloppy insinuations” and serving au-diences “Conspiracy Lite” (Todd Gitlin,“Michael Moore, Alas” <http://www. >, Jan. 7, 2004 [Oct. 19, 2004]).One of the most familiar criticisms of Fahrenheit 9/11 concerns Michael Moore’s bi-ased presentation of evidence. Detractors note that the director does not offer balanced and objective examinations of debates about the war in Iraq or the Bush administration’s han-dling of the 9/11 crisis. They maintain that Fahrenheit 9/11 is a heavy-handed, one-sided interpretation of events. It is a work of politi-cal propaganda by a highly partisan filmmaker1148The Journal of American History December 2004who cleverly manipulates images and words to create a harsh indictment of the president and the war.The detractors have a point—the movie fails to provide a balanced view of political de-bates—but that condition is characteristic of the genre. Most single-episode films about controversial social and political topics feature strongly partisan viewpoints. F urthermore, documentaries on controversial topics are es-sentially left-wing films because the genre fa-vors stories that criticize powerful and influential villains. When film students dis-cuss the most notable American-made pro-ductions, they often identify films that featured one-sided, sharply critical perspec-tives. The most notable documentaries in-clude Edward R. Murrow’s stinging CBS report on Joseph McCarthy (1954); The Atomic Cafe (1982), which cleverly critiqued the American military’s activity in building and testing nu-clear weapons; and Hearts and Minds (1974), Peter Davis’s searing criticism of America’s war in Vietnam.Fahrenheit 9/11 seems excessively conspir-acy minded, but the film’s contributions greatly outweigh its flaws. With extraordinary skill, Moore succeeds in entertaining audi-ences (and making them laugh) while also challenging viewers to think seriously about American foreign policy. His achievement rests not only on making strong arguments but also on presenting original source mate-rial. Through images and interviews Fahren-heit 9/11 includes many disturbing details about the war in Iraq and the war on terror that did not receive much attention in the mainstream media. Evidence of the news me-dia’s shortcomings appeared recently when ed-itors from two of the nation’s most prestigious newspapers, the New York Times and the Washington Post, expressed concern about their handling of news of the war. They ac-knowledged that their publications had in-cluded numerous stories reporting that Iraq had developed weapons of mass destruction, while providing few stories that challenged these claims. The editors regretted that they and others in the American news media had been insufficiently dubious about the case for war in the crucial months leading up to Amer-ica’s invasion of Iraq. Michael Moore will never have to express such regrets.Robert Brent ToplinUniversity of North CarolinaWilmington, North Carolina。
希拉里竞选演讲稿
希拉里竞选演讲稿希拉里竞选演讲稿到过一位88岁来自南达科他州的弗洛伦斯·斯坦因，她在医院的病床上坚持让女儿弄来一份给缺席者的选票，她的女儿和一个朋友在她的床后挂上了一面美国国旗，并帮她填写了选票。
她不久后去世了，可惜的是，按照州法律，她的选票不能生效，她的女儿后来告诉一位记者：“我爸爸是一个粗人、老牛仔，当他听说妈妈的选票无效时很难过，我记忆中他在近20年内从未投过票，可这次他替妈妈投了一票。
” So to all those ho voted for me and to hom I p ledged m utmost, m mitment to ou and to the progress e seek is unielding. You have inspired and touhed me ith the stories of the jos and sorros that make up the fabri of our lives. And ou have humbled me ith our mitment to our ountr. Eighteen million of ou, from all alks of life -omen and men, oung and old, Latino and Asian, Afrian-Amerian and Cauasian rih, poor, and middle-lass, ga and straight, ou have stoodith me. And I ill ontinue to stand strong ith ou ever time, ever plae, in ever a that I an. The dreams e share are orth fighting for. Remember, e fought for the single mom ith the oung daughter, juggling ork and shool, ho told me, Im doingit all to better mself for her. We fought for the oman ho grabbed m hand and asked me, What are ou going to do to makesure I have health are? and began to r, beause even though she orks three jobs, she an't afford insurane. 所以，对所有给我投票的人们，对所有我发誓尽自己所能来为你们做奉献的人们，对和我一起追求进步未曾屈服的人们，我向你们表示感谢。
2008年6月7日在美国注定是不平凡的一天
2008年6月7日在美国注定是不平凡的一天，6月7日，美国民主党总统竞选人希拉里在华盛顿的国家建筑博物馆发表演讲前向支持者致意。
当日，希拉里正式宣布停止竞选，转而支持竞争对手奥巴马成为总统。
这场美国历史上颇有悬念的战争，由一个女人，一个老人，一个黑人组成的战场在这一天改变了，不得不说，看过视频，我依然十分敬佩这位伟大的女性，她可能无法成就美国第一任女总统的传奇，也没能实现夫妻总统的奇迹，但是，她依然微笑，依然优雅，依然昂首挺胸，依然气宇轩昂，依然充满着力量与魅力！我只想说——这就是永远的希拉里克林顿！The United States Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton at the National Building Museum in Washington delivered a speech to pay tribute to the supporters. On that day, Clinton formally announced to stop the election in favor of rival Barack Obama become president. The history of the United States on some suspense of war, by a woman, an old man, a black composition of the battlefield has changed on this day, have to say, read the video, I am still very much admire this great woman, she may achievements of the United States can not be the first female president of the legend, but also failed to achieve the president's wife wonder, but she is still smiling, still elegant, still heads held high, still气宇轩昂still full of strength and charm!Thank you so much. Thank you all.Well, this isn’t exactly the party I’d planned, but I sure like the company.I want to start today by saying how grateful I am to all of you – to everyone who poured your hearts and your hopes into this campaign, who drove for miles and lined the streets waving homemade signs, who scrimped and saved to raise money, who knocked on doors and made calls, who talked and sometimes argued with your friends and neighbors, who emailed and contributed online, who invested so much in our common enterprise, to the moms and dads who came to our events, who lifted their little girls and little boys on their shoulders and whispered in their ears, “See, you can be anything you want to be.”To the young people like 13 year-old Ann Riddle from M ayfield, Ohio who had been saving for two years to go to Disney World, and decided to use her savings instead to travel to Pennsylvania with her Mom and volunteer there as well. To the veterans and the childhood friends, to New Y orkers and Arkansans who traveled across the country and telling anyone who would listen why you supported me.To all those women in their 80s and their 90s born before women could vote who cast their votes for our campaign. I’ve told y ou before about Florence Steen of South Dakota, who was 88 years old, and insisted that her daughter bring an absentee ballot to her hospice bedside. Her daughter and a friend put an American flag behind her bed and helped her fill out the ballot. She passed away soon after, and under state law, her b allot didn’t count. But her daughter later told a reporter, “My dad’s an ornery old cowboy, and he didn’t like it when he heard mom’s vote wouldn’t be counted. I don’t think he had voted in 20 years. But he voted in place of my mom.”To all those who voted for me, and to whom I pledged my utmost, my commitment to you and to the progress we seek is unyielding. Y ou have inspired and touched me with the stories of the joys and sorrows that make up the fabric of our lives and you have humbled me with your commitment to our country.18 million of you from all walks of life – women and men, young and old, Latino and Asian, African-American and Caucasian, rich, poor and middle class, gay and straight – you have stood strong with me. And I will continue to stand strong with you, every time, every place, and every way that I can. The dreams we share are worth fighting for.Remember - we fought for the single mom with a young daughter, juggling work and school, who told me, “I’m doing it all to better myself for her.” We fought for the woman who grabbed my hand, and asked me, “What are you going to do to make sure I have health care?” and began to cry because even though she works three jobs, she can’t afford insurance. We fought for the young man in the Marine Corps t-shirt who waited months for medical care and said, “Take care of my buddies over there and then, will you please help take care of me?” We fought for all those who’ve lost jobs and health care, who can’t afford gas or groceries or college, who have felt invisible to their president these last seven years.I entered this race because I have an old-fashioned conviction: that public service is about helping people solve their problems and live their dreams. I’ve had every opportunity and blessing in my own life – and I want the same for all Americans. Until that day comes, you will always find me on the front lines of democracy – fighting for the future.The way to continue our fight now – to accomplish the goals for which we stand – is to take our energy, our passion, our strength anddo all we can to help elect Barack Obama the next President of the United States.today, as I suspend my campaign, I congratulate him on the victory he has won and the extraordinary race he has run. I endorse him, and throw my full support behind him. And I ask all of you to join me in working as hard for Barack Obama as you have for me.I have served in the Senate with him for four years. I have been in this campaign with him for 16 months. I have stood on the stage and gone toe-to-toe with him in 22 debates. I have had a front row seat to his candidacy, and I have seen his strength and determination, his grace and his grit.In his own life, Barack Obama has lived the American Dream. As a community organizer, in the state s enate, as a United States Senator - he has dedicated himself to ensuring the dream is realized. And in this campaign, he has inspired so many to become involved in the democratic process and invested in our common future.Now when I started this race, I intended to win back the White House, and make sure we have a president who puts our country back on the path to peace, prosperity, and progress. And that's exactly what we're going to do by ensuring that Barack Obama walks through the doors of the Oval Office on January 20, 2009.I understand that we all know this has been a tough fight. The Democratic Party is a family, and it’s now time to restore the ties that bind us together and to come together around the ideals we share, the values we cherish, and the country we love.We may have started on separate journeys – but today, our paths have merged. And we are all heading toward the same destination, united and more ready than ever to win in November and to turn our country around because so much is at st ake.We all want an economy that sustains the American Dream, the opportunity to work hard and have that work rewarded, to save for college, a home and retirement, to afford that gas and those groceries and still have a little left over at the end of the month. An economy that lifts all of our people and ensures that our prosperity is broadly distributed and shared.We all want a health care system that is universal, high quality, and affordable so that parents no longer have to choose bet ween care for th emselves or their children or be stuck in dead end jobs simply to keep their insurance. This isn’t just an issue for me – it is a passion and a cause – and it is a fight I will continue until every single American is insured – no exceptions, no excuses.We all want an America defined by deep and meaningful equality –from civil rights to labor rights, from women’s rights to gay rights, from ending discrimination to promoting unionization to providing help for the most important job there is: caring for our families.We all want to restore America’s standing in the world, to end the war in Iraq and once again lead by the power of our values, and to join with our allies to confront our shared challenges from poverty and genocide to terrorism and global warming.Y ou know, I’ve been involved in politics and public life in one way or another for four decades. During those forty years, ou r country has voted ten times for President. Democrats won only three of those times. And the man who won two of those elections is with us today.We made tremendous progress during the 90s under a Democratic President, with a flourishing economy, and our leadership for peace and security respected around the world. Just think how much more progress we could have made over the p ast 40 years if we had a Democratic president. Think about the lost opportunities of these past seven years – on the environment and the economy, on health care and civil rights, on education, foreign policy and the Supreme Court. Imagine how far we could’ve come, how much we could’ve achieved if we had just had a Democrat in the White House.We cannot let this moment slip away. We have come too far and accomplished too much.Now the journey ahead will not be easy. Some will say we can’t do it. That it’s too hard. That we’re just not up to the task. But for as long as America has existed, it has been the American way to reject “can’t do” claims, and to choose instead to stretch the b oundaries of the possible through hard work, determination, and a pioneering spirit.It is this belief, this optimism, that Senator Obama and I share, and that has inspired so many millions of our supporters to make their voices heard.So today, I am standing with Senator Obama to say: Y es we can.Together we will work. We’ll have to work hard to get universal health care. But on the day we live in an America where no child, no man, and no woman is without health insurance, we will live in a stronger America. That’s why we need to help elect Barack Ob ama our President.We’ll have to work hard to get back to fiscal responsibility and a strong middle class. But on the day we live in an America whosemiddle class is thriving and growing again, where all Americans, no matter where they live or where their ancestors came from, can earn a decent living, we will live in a stronger America and that is why we must elect Barack Obama our President.We’ll have to work hard to foster the innovation that makes us energy independent and lift the threat of global warming from our children’s future. But on the day we live in an America fueled by renewable energy, we will live in a stronger America. That’s why we have to help elect Barack Obama our President.We’ll have to work hard to bring our troops home from Iraq, and get them the support they’ve earned by their service. But on the day we live in an America that’s as loyal to our troops as they have been to us, we will live in a stronger America and that is w hy we must help elect Barack Obama our President.This election is a turning point election and it is critical that we all understand what our choice really is. Will we go forward together or will we stall and slip backwards. Think how much progress we have already made. When we first started, people everywhere asked the same questions:Could a woman really serve as Commander-in-Chief? Well, I think we answered that one.And could an African American really be our President? Senator Obama has answered that one.Together Senator Obama and I achieved milestones essential to our progress as a nation, part of our perpetual duty to form a more perfect union.Now, on a personal note – when I was asked what it means to be a woman running for President, I always gave the same answer: that I was proud to be running as a woman but I was running because I thought I’d be the best President. But I am a woman, and like millions of women, I know there are still barriers and biases out there, often unconscious.I want to build an America that respects and embraces the potential of every last one of us.I ran as a daughter who benefited from opportunities my mother never dreamed of. I ran as a mother who worries about my daughter’s future and a mother who wants to lead all children to brighter tomorrows. To build that future I see, we must make sure that women and men alike understand the struggles of their grandmothers and mothers, and that women enjoy equal opportunities, equal pay, and equal respect. Let us resolve and work toward achieving some very simple propositions: There are no acceptable limits and there are no acceptable prejudices in the twenty-first century.Y ou can be so proud that, from now on, it will be unremarkable for a woman to win primary state victories, unremarkable to have a woman in a close race to be our nominee, unremarkable to think that a woman can be the President of the United States. And that is truly remarkable.To those who are disappointed that we couldn’t go all the way – especially the young people who put so much into this campaign – it would break my heart if, in falling short of my goal, I in any way discouraged any of you from pursuing yours. Always aim high, work hard, and care deeply about what you believe in. When you stumble, keep faith. When you’re knocked down, get right back up. And never listen to anyone who says you can’t or shouldn’t go on.As we gather here today in this historic magnificent building, the 50th woman to leave this Earth is orbiting overhead. If we can blast 50 women into space, we will someday launch a woman into the White House.Altho ugh we weren’t able to shatter that highest, hardest glass ceiling this time, thanks to you, it’s got about 18 million cracks in it. And the light is shining through like never before, filling us all with the hope and the sure knowledge that the path will be a little easier next time. That has always been the history of progress in America.Think of the suffragists who gathered at Seneca Falls in 1848 and those who kept fighting until women could cast their votes. Think of the abolitionists who struggled and died to see the end of slavery. Think of the civil rights heroes and foot-soldiers who marched, protested and risked their lives to bring about the end to segregation and Jim Crow.Because of them, I grew up taking for granted that women could vote. Because of them, my daughter grew up taking for granted that children of all colors could go to school together. Because of them, Barack Obama and I could wage a hard fought campaign for the Democratic nomination. Because of them, and because of you, children today will grow up taking for granted that an African American or a woman can yes, become President of the United States.When that day arrives and a woman takes the oath of office as our President, we will all stand taller, proud of the values of our nation, proud that every little girl can dream and that her dreams can come true in America. And all of you will know that because of your passion and hard work you helped pave the way for that day.So I want to say to my supporters, when you hear people saying – or think to yourself –“if only” or “what if,” I say, “please don’t go there.” Every moment wasted looking back keeps us from moving forward.Life is too short, time is too precious, and the stakes are too high to dwell on what might have been. We have to work together for what still can be. And that is why I will work my heart out to make sure that Senator Obama is our next President and I hope and pray that all of you will join me in that effort.To my supporters and colleagues in Congress, to the governors and mayors, elected officials who stood with me, in good times and in bad, thank you for your strength and leadership. To my friends in our labor unions who stood strong every step of the way – I thank you and pledge my support to you. To my friends, from every stage of my life – your love and ongoing commitments sustain me every single day. To my family – especially Bill and Chelsea and my mother, you mean the world to me and I thank you for all you have done. And to my extraordinary staff, volunteers and supporters, thank you for working those long, hard hours. Thank you for dropping everything – leaving work or school –traveling to places you’d never been, sometimes for months on end. And thanks to your families as well because your sacrifice was theirs too.All of you were there for me every step of the way. Being human, we are imperfect. That’s why we need each other. To catch ea ch other when we falter. To encourage each other when we lose heart. Some may lead; others may follow; but none of us can go it alone. The changes we’re working for are changes that we can only accomplish together. Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness a re rights that belong to each of us as individuals. But our lives, our freedom, our happiness, are best enjoyed, best protected, and best advanced when we do work together.That is what we will do now as we join forces with Senator Obama and his campaign. We will make history together as we write the next chapter in America’s story. We will stand united for the values we hold dear, for the vision of progress we share, and for the country we love. There is nothing more American than that.And looking out at you today, I have never felt so blessed. The challenges that I have faced in this campaign are nothing compared to those that millions of Americans face every day in their own lives. So today, I’m going to count my blessings and keep on going. I’m going to keep doing what I was doing long before the cameras ever showed up and what I’ll be doing long after they’re gone: Working to give every American the same opportunities I had, and working to ensure that every child has the chance to grow up and achieve his or her God-given potential.I will do it with a heart filled with gratitude, with a deep and abiding love for our country–and with nothing but optimism and confidence for the days ahead. This is now our time to do all that we can to make sure that in this election we add another Democratic president to that very small list of the last 40 years and that we take back our country and once again move with progress and commitment to the future.Thank you all and God bless you and God bless America.非常谢谢大家，谢谢你们。
阿拉伯-以色列战争【英文】
War of Israeli Independence (1948)
• Instead the Israelis fought with great courage and skill • The Arabs on the other hand frittered away their numerical advantage with uncoordinated attacks • The war turned into a series of disorganized clashes among small units • After four weeks of fighting, both sides accepted a UN-sponsored ceasefire
Abdel Nasser
• In spite of the ceasefire, tensions remained high • They increased after 1954 when General Abdel Nasser, a bold Arab nationalist, gained control of the tian government
Arab-Israeli Wars
Lsn 36
ID & SIG
• Camp David Accords, Golan Heights, Israel, Nasser, OPEC, PLO, preemptive strike, Sadat, Sharon, Sinai, Six Day War, Suez Canal, unity of command, Yom Kippur War, War of Israeli Independence
• France became upset with Egypt’s providing weapons to insurgents in Algeria so France began supplying Israel
美国选举制度英文
美国选举制度英文The United States of America has one of the most unique and complex electoral systems in the world. This system, which is based on democratic principles, provides a means for citizens to elect their representatives and leaders at various levels of government. The American electoral system consists of several key components that are crucial to understanding how elections are conducted in the country.First and foremost, the American electoral system is built upon the concept of federalism. This means that power is divided between the national government and the individual states. As a result, there is no singular national election, but rather a series of separate state-level elections that ultimately determine the outcome of national races.At the heart of the American electoral system is the Electoral College. Unlike many other democracies, the President of the United States is not directly elected by the people. Instead, the President is elected by a group of electors who are chosen by each state. Each state is allocated a certain number of electors based on their representation in Congress, with a total of 538 electors nationwide. The candidate who wins the majority of electoral votes (270 or more) becomes the President.The process of electing the President begins with the selection of these electors. Each state has its own rules for choosing electors, which can vary widely. In most states, electors are chosen through a party-based system, where political parties nominate individuals to serve as electors. However, some states allow voters to directlyelect electors. Once chosen, these electors are expected to cast their vote in accordance with the popular vote in their respective states.In addition to the Electoral College, the American electoral system also includes several other important aspects. One key feature is the two-party system, which has dominated American politics for much of its history. The two major parties, the Democrats and Republicans, play a significant role in the electoral process, fielding candidates for various offices and shaping the political discourse.Another crucial component of the American electoral system is campaign finance. Elections in the United States are largely funded by private donations, rather than government funding. This has led to concerns about the influence of wealthy donors and interest groups on the electoral process. In recent years, there have been ongoing debates about campaign finance reform and efforts to limit the influence of money in politics.The American electoral system also includes various safeguards to ensure the integrity of the process. This includes measures such as voter registration requirements, voter identification laws, and the use of electronic voting systems. Additionally, the Federal Election Commission oversees the enforcement of campaign finance laws and regulations.Despite its complexities and occasional controversies, the American electoral system is regarded as a cornerstone of democracy. It provides citizens with the opportunity to have their voices heard, elect their leaders, and shape the future of the nation.While there may be ongoing debates about aspects of the system, the United States remains committed to the principles of democracy and the importance of free and fair elections.。
希拉里力挺奥巴马 英文原文
希拉里在民主党大会上的激情演讲，力挺奥巴马，演讲全文：Thank you all very very much！Thank you all！Thank you all very much！I am so honored to be here tonight.I'm here tonight as a proud mother, as a proud Democrat, as a proud senator from New York, a proud American.And a proud supporter of Barack Obama.My friends, it is time to take back the country we love.And whether you voted for me, or you voted for Barack, the time is now to unite as a single party with a single purpose.We are on the same team, and none of us can afford to sit on the sidelines.This is a fight for the future, and it's a fight we must win together.I haven't spent the past 35 years in the trenches advocating for children, campaigning for universal health care, helping parents balance work and family and fighting for women's rights here at home and around the world,to see another Republican in the White House squander our promise of a country that really fulfills the hopes of our people.And you haven't worked so hard over the last 18 months, or endured the last eight years, to suffer through more failed leadership.No way. No how. No McCain.Barack Obama is my candidate, and he must be our president.Tonight, I ask you to remember what a presidential election is really about. When the polls have closed and the ads are finally off the air, it comes down to you -- the American people and your lives and your children's futures.For me, it's been a privilege to meet you in your homes, your workplaces, and your communities. Your stories reminded me that, everyday, America's greatness is bound up in the lives of the American people -- your hard work, your devotion to duty, your love for your children and your determination to keep going, often in the face of enormous obstacles.You taught me so much and you made me laugh and yes, you even made me cry. You allowed me to become part of your lives. And you became part of mine.I will always remember the single mom who had adopted two kids with autism. She didn't have any health insurance and she discovered she had cancer. But she greeted me with her bald head painted with my name on it and asked me to fight for health care for her and her children.I will always remember the young man in a Marine Corps t-shirt who waited months for medical care, and he said to me: "Take care of my buddies. A lot of them are still over there. And then will you please help take care of me?"I will always remember the young boy who told me his mom worked for the minimum wage, that her employer had cut her hours. He said he just didn't know what his family was going to do.I will always be grateful to everyone from all 50 states, Puerto Rico and the territories, who joined our campaign on behalf of all those people left out and left behind by the Bush administration.To my supporters, to my champions -- my sisterhood of the traveling pantsuits - from the bottom of my heart: Thank you.Thank you, because you never gave in, and you never gave up. And together we made history.And along the way, America lost two great Democratic champions who would have been here with us tonight. One of our finest young leaders, Arkansas Democratic Chair, Bill Gwatney, who believed with all his heart that America and the South should be Democratic from top to bottom.And Congresswoman Stephanie Tubbs Jones, a dear friend to many of us, a loving mother and courageous leader who never gave up her quest to make America fairer and smarter, stronger and better. Steadfast in her beliefs, a fighter of uncommon grace, she was an inspiration to me and to us all.Our heart goes out to Stephanie's son, Mervyn, Jr, and Bill's wife, Rebecca, who traveled to Denver to join us this family of Democrats.You know, Bill Gwatney and Stephanie Tubbs-Jones knew that after eight years of George Bush, people are hurting at home, and our standing has eroded around the world.We have a lot of work ahead of us. Jobs lost, houses gone, falling wages, rising prices. The Supreme Court in a right-wing headlock and our government in partisan gridlock. The biggest deficit in our nation's history. Money borrowed from the Chinese to buy oil from the Saudis.Putin and Georgia, Iraq and Iran.I ran for president to renew the promise of America. To rebuild the middle class and sustain the American dream, to provide opportunity to those who are willing work hard and have that work rewarded so they could save for college, a home and retirement, afford the gas and groceries andhave a little left over each month.To promote a clean energy economy that will create millions of green-collar jobs.To create a health care system that is universal, high-quality and affordable so that every single parent knows their children will be taken care of.We want to create a world-class education system and make college affordable again.To fight for an America that is defined by deep and meaningful equality - from civil rights to labor rights, from women's rights to gay rights, from ending discrimination to promoting unionization, to providing help for the most important job there is: Caring for our families and to help every child live up to his or her God-given potential.To make America once again a nation of immigrants and a nation of laws.To restore fiscal sanity to Washington and make our government an instrument of the public good, not of private plunder.To restore America's standing in the world, to end the war in Iraq, bring our troops home with honor, care for our veterans and give them the services they have earned.We will work for an America again that will join with our allies in confronting our shared challenges, from poverty and genocide to terrorism and global warming.Most of all, I ran to stand up for all those who have been invisible to their government for eight long years.Those are the reasons I ran for president. And those are the reasons I support Barack Obama for president.I want you to ask yourselves: Were you in this campaign just for me? Or were you in it for that young Marine and others like him? Were you in it for that mom struggling with cancer while raising her kids? Were you in it for that young boy and his mom surviving on the minimum wage? Were you in it for all the people in this country who feel invisible?We need leaders once again who can tap into that special blend of American confidence and optimism that has enabled generations before us to meet our toughest challenges. Leaders who can help us show ourselves and the world that with our ingenuity, creativity and innovative spirit, there are no limits to what is possible in America.Now, this won't be easy. Progress never is. But it will be impossible if we don't fight to put a Democrat back into the White House.We need to elect Barack Obama because we need a president who understands that America can't compete in a global economy by padding the pockets of energy speculators while ignoring the workers whose jobs have been shipped overseas.We need a president who understands we can't solve the problems of global warming by giving windfall profits to the oil companies while ignoring opportunities to invest in the new technologies that will build a green economy.We need a president who understands that the genius of America has always depended on the strength and vitality of the middle class.Barack Obama began his career fighting for workers displaced by the global economy. He built his campaign on a fundamental belief that change in this country must start from the ground up, not the top down. And he knows that government must be about "We the people" not "We the favored few."And when Barack Obama is in the White House, he'll revitalize our economy, defend the working people of America, and meet the global challenges of our times.Democrats know how to do this. As I recall, we did it before with President Clinton and the Democrats. And if we do our part, we'll do it again with President Obama and the Democrats.Just think of what America will be as we transform our energy economy, create those millions of jobs, build a strong base for economic growth and shared prosperity, get middle-class families the tax relief they deserve.And I cannot wait to watch Barack Obama sign into law a health care plan that covers every single American.And we know that President Obama will end the war in Iraq responsibly, bring our troops home and begin to repair our alliances around the world.And Barack will have with him a terrific partner in Michelle Obama. Anyone who saw Michelle's speech last night knows she will be a great first lady for America.And Americans are fortunate that Joe Biden will be at Barack Obama's side. A strong leader, a good man who understands both the economic stresses here at home and the strategic challenges abroad. He is pragmatic, tough and he's wise. And, of course, Joe will be supported by his wonderful wife, Jill.They will be a great team for our country.Now, John McCain is my colleague and my friend. He has served our country with honor and courage. But we don't need four more years of the last eight years.More economic stagnation ... and less affordable health care.More high gas prices ... and less alternative energy.More jobs getting shipped overseas ... and fewer jobs created here at home.More skyrocketing debt and home foreclosures, and mounting bills that are crushing our middle-class families.More war and less diplomacy.More of a government where the privileged few come first, and everyone else comes last.Well, John McCain says the economy is fundamentally sound. John McCain doesn't think that 47 million people without health insurance is a crisis. John McCain wants to privatize Social Security. And in 2008, he still thinks it's okay when women don't earn equal pay for equal work.Now, with an agenda like that, it makes sense that George Bush and John McCain will be together next week in the Twin Cities because these days they're awfully hard to tell apart.You know, America is still around after 232 years because we have risen to every challenge of every new time, changing to be faithful to our values of equal opportunity for all and the common good. And I know what that can mean for every man, woman, and child in America.I'm a United States senator because in 1848, a group of courageous women and a few brave men gathered in Seneca Falls, New York, many traveling for days and nights, to participate in the first convention on women's rights in our history.And so dawned a struggle for the right to vote that would last 72 years, handed down by mother to daughter to granddaughter and a few sons and grandsons along the way.These women and men looked into their daughters' eyes and imagined a fairer and freer world and found the strength to fight. To rally and picket. To endure ridicule and harassment and brave violence and jail.And after so many decades -- 88 years ago on this very day -- the 19th Amendment, giving women the right to vote, became enshrined in our Constitution.My mother was born before women could vote. My daughter got to vote for her mother for president. This is the story of America. Of women and men who defy the odds and never give up.So how do we give this country back to them?By following the example of a brave New Yorker, a woman who risked her life to bring slaves to freedom along the Underground Railroad.And on that path to freedom, Harriett Tubman had one piece of advice: "If you hear the dogs, keep going. If you see the torches in the woods, keep going. If they're shouting after you, keep going. Don't ever stop. Keep going. If you want a taste of freedom, keep going."And even in the darkest moments, that is what Americans have done. We have found the faith to keep going.I have seen it. I've seen it in our teachers and our firefighters, our police officers, our nurses, our small-business owners and our union workers. I've seen it in the men and women of our military.In America, you always keep going. We're Americans. We're not big on quitting.And remember, before we can keep going, we've got to get going by electing Barack Obama the next president of the United States.We don't have a moment to lose or a vote to spare. Nothing less than the fate of our nation and the future of our children hang in the balance.I want you to think about your children and grandchildren come Election Day. Think about the choices your parents and grandparents made that had such a big impact on your life and on the life of our nation.We've got to ensure that the choice we make in this election honors the sacrifices of all who came before us and will fill the lives of our children with possibility and hope.That is our duty -- To build that bright future, to teach our children that in America, there is no chasm too deep, no barrier too great, no ceiling too high for all who work hard, who keep going, have faith in God, in our country and in each other.That is our mission, Democrats. Let's elect Barack Obama and Joe Biden for that future worthy of our great country.Thank you. God bless you, and GodspeedShe was introduced to other peopleyou could use it as a pretext against it.。
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IN THE NEWS - War in Iraq Voted Top News Story of 2006
By Brianna Blake / Broadcast date: Saturday, December 30, 2006
This is IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English.
Each year, the editors and news directors of the Associated Press choose what they believe are the top ten news stories of the year.
They chose the war in Iraq as the number one news story this
year. Two thousand six was a difficult year in Iraq with increasing
violence, clashes between religious groups, and many civilian
deaths. Thousands of Iraqis have been killed. Almost three
thousand members of the American military have been killed since
the war began in two thousand three. Iraq's elected officials
struggled to keep control of the country.
The midterm elections in the United States November seventh was
next on the list of the AP's top news stories for this year. Many
Americans voted to express their unhappiness with the situation in Iraq.
The Democratic Party gained a majority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. As a result, Nancy Pelosi of California will become the first woman to serve as speaker of the House.
These were the other top stories of the year. The United States and its allies worked unsuccessfully to halt nuclear programs in North Korea and Iran. North Korea tested a nuclear weapon in October. And Iran moved forward with plans to bring its first nuclear center into operation by the end of next year.
In Washington, the United States Congress tried to deal with the problem of illegal
immigration from Latin America. But deep divisions prevented Congress from approving legislation. Supporters of rights for immigrants held several demonstrations.
Also in Washington, several congressmen from the Republican Party were involved in cases of wrongdoing. One was former House majority leader Tom DeLay who resigned after being charged with campaign finance crimes. Another was former representative Mark Foley. He resigned after he was found to have sent sexual messages to male students working for
Congress.
Another top story was former Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein being found guilty of ordering the AP voted the Iraq War
the top news story of the
year
killing of one hundred forty eight Shi'ite Muslims. He was sentenced to death by hanging.
In the Middle East, Israel and the Lebanon-based Hezbollah militia fought a month-long war during the summer. More than nine hundred people were killed. Much of southern Lebanon was severely damaged.
American Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld resigned one day after the nation's midterm elections. Robert Gates was approved as the new defense secretary.
In August, officials in Britain said they prevented a terrorist plot to bomb several passenger airplanes over the Atlantic Ocean. This led to new restrictions on what passengers can carry on planes.
And in Sudan, violence worsened in the country's Darfur area. Fighting between rebels and government forces has killed more than two hundred thousand people.
IN THE NEWS, in VOA Special English, was written by Brianna Blake. Our reports can be found on our Web site, . I'm Steve Ember.。