广东财经大学2020年英语写作与翻译考研真题试题

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2019年广东财经大学英语写作与翻译考研真题解析版

2019年广东财经大学英语写作与翻译考研真题考试年度：2019年考试科目代码及名称：804-英语写作与翻译(自命题)适用专业：050201英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、Part I Writing（100分）1、Summary Writing(1题，共40分)Direction：Summarize the following passage with about120-150English words.Do not directly copy from the passage.We issue them and we accept them,and,when the appointed date arrives,we assume such of our clothes as we believe to be suitable to the gathering,and sally forth to the party of pleasure.Often,indeed usually,it is in the evening.Therefore we clothe ourselves in such garb as men and women have agreed in their strange symbolism,to consider appropriate to the hours after8o’clock or so.And perhaps —who knows?—it is in the exercise of these savage and primitive conventionalism that a large part of the pleasure of the evening gathering consists.We are very primitive creatures,and the mere satisfaction of self-adornment,and of assuming for particular occasion a particular set of clothes,may well tickle our sensibilities.Be that as it may,we arrive at our party dolled up,so to speak and find ourselves in a crowd of our fellow-creatures,all dolled up too.Now we are off.The party of pleasure has begun.We see friends and talk to them.But this we could do with greater comfort at our own homes or in theirs;this cannot,surely, be the promised pleasure.As a matter of fact,if you succeed in getting into a corner with a friend and talking,be sure you will be very soon torn asunder by an energetic hostess,whose motto is“Keeping them moving.”We are introduced to new acquaintances.This may,no doubt,be very agreeable.They may be persons you are glad to know.But it is doubtful whether your acquaintanceship will prosper very much tonight.It may well be that no topics suitable for discussion will present themselves to either of you at the moment of introduction.I know someone who says that she never can think of anything to say to persons introduced to her at a party except“Do you like parties?”And that is too crude;it simply cannot be said. You must think of some more sophisticated remarks.Having thought of it,you must launch it,in the peculiar resonant pitch necessary to carry it above the clamor (for this clamor,which somewhat resembles the shrieking of a jazz band,is anessential accompaniment to a party,and part of the entertainment provided).A conversation will then ensue,and must be carried on until one or other of you either flags or breaks away,or until someone intervenes between you.One way and another, a very great deal gets said at a party.Let us hope that this is a good thing.It is apparent,anyhow,that the mere use of the tongue,quite apart from the words it utters,gives pleasure to many.If it gives you no pleasure,and if,further, you derive none from listening to the remarks of others,there is no need to converse. You had better then take up a position in the solitary corner(if possible on a chair, but this is read treat)and merely listen to the noise as to a concert,not endeavoring to form out of it sentences.As a matter of fact,if thus listened to,the noise of a party will be found a very interesting noise,containing a great variety of different sounds.If you are of those who like also to look at the clothes of others, you will,from this point of vantage,have a good view of these.2、Essay Writing(1题，60分)Direction:Nowadays,dating show appears to be a very popular program in many TV stations. It not only draws great attention from the audience,some of the ideas of the participants also cause sensations.How do you see this kind of dating show?Please write an essay around500English words,expressing your ideas about this type of program.Your essay should be neat and tidy,logical and relevant to the topic.二、Part II Translation(50分)1、English-Chinese Translation(25分)No poet,no artist of any art,has his complete meaning alone.His significance, his appreciation is the appreciation of his relation to the dead poets and artists. You cannot value him alone;you must set him,for contrast and comparison,among the dead.I mean this as a principle of aesthetic,not merely historical,criticism. The necessity that he shall conform,that he shall cohere,is not one-sided;what happens when a new work of art is created is something that happens simultaneously to all the works of art which preceded it.The existing monuments form an ideal order among themselves,which is modified by the introduction of the new(the really new) work of art among them.The existing order is complete before the new work arrives; for order to persist after the supervention of novelty,the whole existing ordermust be,if ever so slightly,altered;and so the relations,proportions,values of each work of art toward the whole are readjusted;and this is conformity between the old and the new.Whoever has approved this idea of order,of the form of European, of English literature will not find it preposterous that the past should be altered by the present as much as the present is directed by the past.And the poet who is aware of this will be aware of great difficulties and responsibilities.2、Chinese-English Translation(25分)说到书，我很动感情，因为它给我带来温暖，我对它满怀感激。

考研真题：广东财经大学2020年[英语水平]考试真题

考研真题：广东财经大学2020年[英语水平]考试真题一、Gap Filling 选词填空（从列表的单词中选择合适的词完成段落/非Cloze 选择填空）（30题，每题1分，共30分）Directions: Fill in the gaps numbered 1 to 30 with appropriate words from the word list. There are more words than needed and each word can be used only ONCE . Write down the letters (A to T) representing the words after the numbers 1 to 30 for each passage on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneThe term “globalization ” has been used to 1describe the profound nature of changes affecting economies, cultures and societies worldwide from the late twentieth century 2 . Anthony Giddens has 3 globalization as “the intensification of worldwide social relations which link 4localities in such a way that local happenings are 5 by events occurring many miles away and vice versa”.A central feature of the new, global economy which has 6 in the context of intensified relations is that it is 7 . That is to say, the productivity and competitiveness of firms in the new economic order depend on their ability to create, 8and apply knowledge-based information. Alongside the centrality of information and knowledge, a further 9feature is the nature of economic organization which has emerged in late modernity. The central activities of production, consumption and 10 , as well as their components (capital, raw materials, management, information, technology, 11 ), are organized on a global 12 , either 13or through a network of connections between different economic14 . The importance of the information technology revolution from the 1970s onwards was that it provided the 15 or the material basis for this new economy.Passage TwoFreud’s The Interpretation of Dreams was published in 1900, a remarkable year that was 16to change the world’s thinking profoundly. Its 17reception was saddening – only 351 copies were 18during the first ten years. Later, its value was 19realized by scholars, and the book went eight 20before the death of its author. Now, more than a hundred years has already passed, and it has been 21into more than a dozen languages. Its influence is far 22 : it has profoundly changed the landscape not only in 23 , but also in literature, art, aesthetics, anthropology, philosophy, education, sociology and other 24 . It is reckoned as one of the three 25books together with Darwin’s Origins of the Species and Copernicus’ De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium.Before Freud, dreams were not seriously considered. It was 26as superficial, insignificant and 27 . Freud worked as a 28for many years, dealing with hysteria. He collected many cases and began to think seriously of the 29 between dreams and the psychological condition of patients. In this book, he 30that dreams were the fulfillment of human wishes.二、Proofreading and error correction 改错题(15题，每题2分，共30分) Directions: The following passage contains 15 errors which are indicated by a number after the line. In each indicated line there is only ONE error, and for each error, you just need to change ONE word to make it correct. Write down the correct word on the Answer Sheet.Around 1990 a number of architect around the world began developing new architectural solutions to integrate tradition for new social demands and technological possibilities. The struggle between old and new initiate the birth of a new architecture style – the International Style. The international style stresses minimalism and functionalism, rejects all essential decorative elements and is ignorant to regional characteristics. The ideals of the style are also commonly sum up in four slogans: ornament is a crime, truth to materials, form follows function, and “machines for living.”This could be sound explained in light of the Western industrialization. With their rapid development, society was also changing and evolved rapidly. There was a great demand for constructing better and affordable buildings for factories, industries, commercial complexes, and residential purposes. Thus, the overdoing ornamentation of the buildings of the previous eras, that demanded high level of craftsmanship and was time-consuming, gave way in the simple designs.The international style first blossomed in western Europe, and than it began to flourish in the United States, and matured after World War II. Its became the dominant approach in the US for much decades.1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________5.__________6.__________7.__________8.__________9.__________ 10.__________ 11.__________ 12.__________ 13.__________ 14.__________ 15.__________三、Sentence Completion 完成句子（根据提供的词，用合适的词的形式完成句子）（15题，每题2分，共30分）Directions: Fill in the gaps with the proper forms of the given words. Write down your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Benjamin Franklin, an American who was at home wherever he went, gained wide __________ in France and also became well known in England. (popular)2. Although women have been __________ against unjustly, they had been patient until recently. (discrimination)3. As __________ in high places became widespread, the Roman Empire was considerably weakened. (corrupt)4. In response to the self-study problems, this college has evolved programs to meet the ever-__________ needs of its students. (expansion)5. Both animals and humans have been found to cope better with painful or __________ stimuli when they feel they can exercise some degree of control rather than being passive and helpless. (threat)6. Whereas some jobs may make heavier psychological demands than others, certain sorts of people, __________ of their occupation, seem to make heavy psychological demands on themselves – and , as a result, run a greater risk of heart disease. (regard)7. Friendships must be mutually productive. They must not be __________ to either person. (destroy)8. While global warming is __________ an important factor, it does not fully account for these extreme and unusual weather patterns. (doubt)9. Touch may communicate positive emotions mainly between intimates or others who have a _________ close relationship. (relation)10. Modelling is a better way to __________ children than punishment. (social)11. Negative events are more __________ to be reported than positive ones. (like)12. Reforms have brought about rapid __________ growth in China in recent years. (economy)13. Knowledge often results only after __________ investigation. (persist)14. There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers – unread, __________. (touch)15. Real beauty is a ___________ of external and internal beauty. (combine)四、Reading Comprehension 阅读理解（30题，每题2分，共60分）Directions: Read the following passages and choose the best answers for the questions numbered 1 to 30. Write down the letter of your choice for each question on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneCate Siu is from Hong Kong, but she's a fan of Korean television shows and she keeps up with gossip about Korean celebrities on the Internet. Her favorite is a beautiful soap-opera star, Song Hye Kyo, whose bee-stung lips and feminine features she admires."Korean actresses have prominent and elegant noses," says Ms. Siu, a 25-year-old aspiring actress. "They look so pretty."So, when Ms. Siu decided she'd have a better shot at breaking into the entertainment business after improving her looks with a surgical makeover, she knew where she wanted to go. In April, she flew more than 1,000 miles to a clinic in Seoul for operations to raise the bridge of her nose, make her eyes appear larger, and sharpen her chin.Across Asia, Korea is cool. From fashion to music to film, the country of 48 million people is redefining style. And as notions of Korean beauty become popularized by the country's exploding cultural exports, women from around the region – andsome men, too – are flocking to Seoul to have their faces remodeled."A lot of my patients bring a picture of a Korean star from a magazine and say, 'I want to look like that,'" says Chung Jong Pil, a surgeon who runs the Cinderella Plastic Surgery Clinic in a fashionable Seoul neighborhood.Dr. Chung estimates that just under ten percent of his customers come from overseas; the rest are locals. Most of the foreign visitors come from China, he says. Jung Dong Hak, a surgeon who specializes in rhinoplasty, or nose jobs, at another Seoul clinic, says roughly 15 percent of his patients are foreign. That number has been rising in the past few years. "The increase has been very big since the Korean wave started," he says.1. Where is the article most probably published?A. in an academic journalB. in a science magazineC. in a bookD. in a newspaper2. What kind of lips does Cate Siu like?A. thickB. thinC. smallD. pink3. What kind of nose does Cate Siu want to have?A. tiny and roundedB. large and noticeableC. dark and thinD. flat and delicate4. The name of Chung Jong Pil's clinic derives from _________.A. a novelB. a fairytaleC. a poemD. an essay5. From Dr. Jung we can know that __________.A. most of his foreign customers are the ChineseB. more foreigners than locals take plastic surgery in KoreaC. more and more foreigners come to Korea for plastic surgeryD. most of his customers are localsPassage TwoFrom early adulthood to middle adulthood, people typically experience a strengthening sense of identity, confidence, and self-esteem. In later life, challenges arise. Income shrinks, work is often taken away, the body deteriorates, recall fades, energy wanes, family members and friends die or move away, and the great enemy, death, looms ever closer. It is not surprising that many presume the over-65 years to be the worst of times. But, they are not, as Ronald Inglehart discovered when he amassed interviewed conducted during the 1980s with representative samples of nearly 170,000 people from 16 nations. Older people report as much happiness and satisfaction with life as younger people do.If anything, positive feelings grow after midlife and negative feelings subside. Older adults increasingly use words that convey positive emotions. They attend less and less to negative information. For example, they are slower than younger adults to perceive negative faces. Their amygdale, a neural processing center for emotions, shows diminishing activity in response to negative events while maintaining its responsiveness to positive events. Moreover, the bad feelings we associate with negative events fade faster than do the good feelings we associate positive events. This contributes to most older people’s sense that life, on balance, has been mostly good. Given that growing older is an outcome of living (an outcome nearly all of us prefer to early dying), the positivity of later life is comforting.6. It is generally believed that __________.A. older adults have a stronger sense of identityB. older adults have fewer friendsC. there are many problems associated with older adulthoodD. there is a positive side of older adulthood7. It can be inferred from the passage that Ronald Inglehart is __________.A. a scholarB. an interviewerC. a scientistD. a reporter8. The level of happiness and satisfaction in old age __________.A. is about the same as younger people’sB. is obviously different from younger people’sC. is significantly lower than younger people’sD. is significantly higher than younger people’s9. The brain of older people tends to __________.A. notice negative events around them rather than positive onesB. ignore negative events and only notice positive onesC. more quickly forget the negative things that happen and remember the positive onesD. more quickly forget the positive things that happen and remember the negative ones10. The research results mentioned in the text can contribute to a more __________ attitude toward older adulthood.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. dubiousD. uncertainPassage ThreeToday, in the hospital, surgeons and physicians have equal status. The studies of internal medicine and surgery seem supplementary to each other and are therefore treated equally. We may easily take it for granted that it was the same in the past. In fact, historically speaking, internal medicine and surgery had quite different histories, reputations and professions.In the middle ages, in order to become a physician, one must study in a universityfirst in liberal arts for five years, then in medicine for four years. After the long study was finished, he had to pass strict exams to graduate. He then had to obtain a license in order to begin his practice. In other words, physicians should learn from the books. A true doctor was believed to treat patients with remedies, i.e., medicine, instead of giving physical intervention. Physicians were held in high regard. Surgeons were not ranked as high as physicians. Their profession was viewed as a “trade” (i.e. an occupation, especially one requiring skilled labor; craft), not as an “art”. Clerics used to help ill people, which was a natural calling of the Christian doctrine. But their help usually came in the form of religious prayer, and care for patients. They were forbidden to perform surgery because they were not to “spill blood”. Medical doctors, or physicians, looked down upon the profession as a “trade” beneath them and were unwilling to perform surgeries. The most suitable person for the performance of surgery was the barber, who often dealt with small cuts when they were giving a close shave. They were prepared with bandage and styptics (drugs used to stop bleeding). So when someone had an injury, or an ailment that required cutting, the barber was the most skilled person – he was a tradesman with the necessary skills. Thus the profession was often called the barber surgeon.11. It is a popular illusion that __________.A. surgeons and physician have equal statusB. surgeons and physician enjoyed equal statusC. the studies of internal medicine and surgery are treated equallyD. internal medicine and surgery had different reputations12. Which of the following statements about a physician in the middle ages is FALSE?A. A physician must study 9 years in a university.B. It was hard to become a physician.C. A physician was highly reputed.D. A physician was forbidden to operate on patients.13. What can be known about “clerics” in the past from the passage?A. They could perform surgery.B. It was their mission to help ill people.C. They helped physicians to cure diseases.D. They spilled blood when necessary.14. What can be known about barbers in the past from the passage?A. They were not held in high regard.B. They were respectable members of the society.C. They tried different types of work.D. They tried to become physicians.15. What might be discussed in the following paragraphs?A. The earnings of physicians and surgeons.B. The different lifestyles of physicians and surgeons.C. The different status of physicians and surgeons.D. The different contributions of physicians and surgeons.Passage FourA brush with death can actually improve a person’s outlook on life. That, at least, was one of the major findings of a study of some 200 people who come close to dying. Some had come through heart attack; some had fallen, come close to drowning; or survived a terrible car wreck, yet despite the variety of circumstances, they reported strikingly similar reactions to their experiences.Perhaps most surprisingly, many said they were less frightened of death now than they were before. Like most people, before their near-death incidents many had thought death would be painful, the ultimate horror—but they didn’t find it was.Surviving a nearly fatal experience also gave many people a sense of invulnerability （不会受伤害）that made them feel special and even religious. Several believed they had been saved because they were to fulfill some special mission in the remainder of their lives.Perhaps not so surprisingly, these survivors also reported an increased zest for life and a determination to enjoy life more.A few of the survivors did report negative reactions to their experience. A dozen said they felt more vulnerable, and some even felt a sense of helplessness and a loss of control over their lives. Some had become phobic about activities associated with the accident; for example, several said they could no longer swim for fear of drowning.Yet most of those interviewees said they came away with a strong sense of renewal or rebirth. In studying their reactions researchers have concluded that these people have come to understand the relationship of life and death better and more intimately than most of us, that they have come to understand how life is actually defined by death. Life is given meaning by the fact that it will end someday.16.What have you learned about the effects of near-death experiences on the survivors’ life?A. They differ due to the variety of circumstances.B. They vary greatly from person to person.C. They are mostly positive in terms of their outlook on life.D. They are neither positive nor negative.17."Some had become phobic about activities..."( Line 3, Para. 5) How did they feel exactly?A. very clumsyB. very casualC. very curiousD. very fearful18.Which of the titles below best expresses the idea of this passage?A. How to Improve a Person’s Outlook on Life.B. The Effects of Near-Death Experiences.C. Is Death Really Horrible?D. Near-Death Accidents and their Survivors.19.The positive effect of near-death experience was that ______________.A. some people loved life better because they realized its new meaningB. some people got a sense of vulnerability and became religiousC. some people were no longer afraid of death just because they proved to be religiousD. some people wanted to seek extreme happiness because they knew life was too limited20.Which effect of the near-death experience was the one that people had least expected?A. Some people felt more vulnerable.B. Some people did not worry too much about death any more.C. Some people paid more attention to the value of life.D. Some people tended to be too pessimistic about death.Passage FiveThe notion that the great apes, such as chimpanzees and gorillas, can imitate one another might seem unsurprising to anyone who has watched these animals playing at the zoo. But in scientific circles, the question of whether apes really do "ape" has become controversial.Consider a young chimpanzee watching his mother crack open a cola nut, as has been observed in the Tai Forest of Africa. In most cases, the youth will eventually take up the practice himself. How does he learn this? Is it because he copies it from his mother, or does the skill originate solely from trial and error? If the young animal copies adult behavior, then chimpanzees must have the ability to develop culturaltraits, i.e. knowledge or skills passed down from generation to generation, instead of by genetic inheritance. However, if the young learns how to crack the nut exclusively by trial and error, then chimpanzees must, in a sense, reinvent the method each time they deal with a nut, and hence, no real cumulative culture can ever develop.The clearest way to establish how chimpanzees learn is through laboratory experiments. A team of scientists at Goldsmith's College, University of London, used artificial fruits to determine whether chimpanzees imitate or not. In a typical experiment, one group of chimpanzees watched a complex technique for opening a fruit, while a second group observed a very different method. Then the researchers recorded the extent to which the chimpanzees had been influenced by the method they observed. They also conducted similar experiments with three-year-old children as subjects. The results demonstrate that six-year-old chimpanzees show imitative behavior markedly like that seen in the children, although the preciseness of their copying tends to be poorer. In another experiment, chimpanzees copied an entire sequence of actions they had witnessed, but did so only after trying some alternatives. This suggests that they tended to imitate what they had observed others doing at the expense of their own trial-and-error discoveries.In the researchers' view, these findings indicate that apes do ape and that this ability forms one strand in cultural transmission. In other words, learning from elders is crucial to growing up as a competent wild chimpanzee.21. The word "ape" (Line 3, Para. 1) in the quotation marks probably means ______.A. play at the zooB. crack a nutC. imitateD. transmit22. If a chimpanzee cracks a nut solely by trial and error, it suggests that ___________.A. the skill is genetically inheritedB. the skill is learned from othersC. the skill is unique to humansD. the skill is unique to wild animals23. Results from the research mentioned in Para. 3 show that ___________.A. chimpanzees have little ability to imitate although they can open fruits skillfullyB. chimpanzees do imitate although their copying is less faithful than that of childrenC. chimpanzees can open artificial fruits only after observing how others do itD. chimpanzees imitate their elders in a manner different from how children do24. It can be concluded from the passage that ___________.A. chimpanzees in the laboratory are better imitators than those in the wildB. chimpanzees in the laboratory crack nuts differently from those in the wildC. cultural transmission happens at the expense of individual discoveriesD. cultural transmission exists both among wild chimpanzees and in human society25. The main purpose of the passage is ___________.A. to answer a scientific question by providing research findingsB. to explain the procedure of food gathering used by wild animalsC. to compare the differences between animal culture and human cultureD. to illustrate the methods of analyzing young animals' behaviorPassage SixMy friend Peter saunters over with his long-legged, deliberately slow gait, and gives me a pat on the cheek and a squeeze on the arm, which he administers as if he were bestowing a favor. He knows he’s a prize item in this room – a robust, single, intelligent male – and after making some desultory(散漫的) remarks, he proceeds to look around lazily, like a lion surveying his territory in the knowledge that he’s masterof it. Lydia comes up to us, as usual humming with effusive excitement, her eyes shining as if there were no tomorrow. “Peter!” she exclaims, “you’re just the person I wanted to see! I had a phone call today from a TV station in Germany, and they want to do a show on which I think you should be a consultant. Oh, it would be so wonderful if it worked out! Maybe we could go to Berlin together...” The hum continues, a kind of bird song meant to attract males. But she’s making too much effort, and anyway, it’s the wrong song. Peter looks over her head, puts his hand on her shoulder, and says, “Ah, excuse me, I see somebody I know over there...”26. From the passage we can know Peter __________.A. has long legsB. pretends to be friendly to meC. has won a prizeD. is a playboy27. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.A. there are few men in the roomB. there are many unmarried women in the roomC. most of the people in the room are womenD. single men are hard to find28. From the passage we can know Lydia __________.A. is good at singingB. is good at imitating birdsC. is hard-workingD. is too enthusiastic29. Peter’s response to Lydia indicates that __________.A. he has no interest in herB. he has no interest in the TV showC. he doesn’t believe what she tells himD. he doesn’t think he can be a consultant30. What is implied by the author in the passage?A. She enjoys the party whole-heartedly.B. She doesn’t care what is going on.C. She feels detached from her surroundings.D. She detests the people in the room.。

2020年考研经济类联考写作真题及答案(海文版)

2020年考研经济类联考写作真题及答案(海文版)2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试396经济类联考——写作真题参考答案四、写作：第40～41小题，共40分。

其中论证有效性分析20分，论说文20分。

41.论证有效性分析：分析下述论证中存有的缺陷和漏洞，选择若干要点，写一篇600字左右的文章，对该论证的有效性实行分析和评论。

(论证有效性分析的一般要点是：概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准确并前后一致，有无各种明显的逻辑错误，论证的论据是否成立并支持结论，结论成立的条件是否充分等等。

)如何解决网络假货问题?2020年11月，中国互联网大会，阿里巴巴集团董事局主席马云和京东集团创始人刘强东，围绕网络假货问题各自发表了看法。

刘强东已多次指责淘宝“假货”和“逃税问题”，大会开幕前在接受媒体采访时，也直言不讳：中国互联网假货流行已严重影响消费者网购信心，这是整个电子商务行业最重要的“瓶颈”。

当前，网络售卖、假货、水货的大多是大型的有组织化的，动辄千万，几个亿规模的公司。

马云说：“你想想，25块钱买一个劳力士表，这是不可能的，原因是你自己太贪”。

他指出：卖假货的商家害怕在淘宝上卖假货，阿里巴巴很容易就能够查出谁在卖。

近一两年中国电商发展迅猛，若靠假货，每天的交易额不可能达到六、七十亿。

阿里巴巴每年支出逾1610万美元用来打击假货，打假行动也获得了国际上的认可，所以，美国贸易代表将淘宝从2020年恶名市场名单中移除。

刘强东指出解决网络假货问题要依靠行业合作，政府监管。

他建议一方要在整个电子商务行业推广使用电子发票，另一方面，推导卖家实行电子工商注册。

政府各部门联合起来增强跨平台联合监管共同打击有组织有规模的假货公司。

此外，他认为要解决互联网假货问题要从征税根源问题上进，一方面要提升电商营业额起征点到100万元，另一方面，日常营运人数达百人以上的大商家要注册电子工商营业执照，并规定使用电子发票。

马云认为，解决网络假货问题要依靠生态系统和大数据。

广东财经大学《613英语水平考试(自命题)》考研专业课真题试卷

B. picture
C. impression D. figure
(12) A.by
B. with
C. in
D. to
(13) A.emerge B. happen
C. appear
D. expose
(14) A.associated B. related
C. bond
D. afflicted
(15) A.changed into B. expanded into C. decreased into D. increased into
(18)____medicine, for instance. No one can deny that medical progress has enriched our lives tremendously. Because of medical (19) ____, we eat better, live easier and are able to take care of ourselves more efficiently. We can cure disease with no more than one injection (20)____a pill. If we have a serious accident, surgeons can put us (21)____together again. If we are born (22)____something defective, they can repair it. They can make us happy, restore our sanity, ease our pain, replace (23)____parts and give us children. They can even bring us back from the dead. These are wonderful achievements, but there is a (24) ____we have to pay.

广东财经大学613-英语水平考试2017--2020年考研真题汇编

广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2017年考试科目代码及名称：613-英语水平考试适用专业：050201 英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］I. Cloze 完形填空（30题，每题1分，共30分）Direction : There are 3 passages below. Read each of them and choose the proper word from the word list to fill in each of the blanks in the passages. Each word can be used only once.Passage 1Two of the most frustrating things about driving a car are getting lost andgetting stuck in traffic. While the computer revolution is (1)_____to cure these problems, it will have a positive impact. Sensors in your car tuned to radio signals from (2)____satellites can locate your car (3)_____at any moment and warn of traffic jams. We already have twenty-four Navstar satellites orbiting the earth, making up what is called the Global Positioning System. They make it possible to determine your(4)_______on the earth to within about a hundred feet. At any (5)______time, there are several GPS satellites orbiting overhead at a distance of about 11,000 miles. Each satellite cont ains four “atomic clocks,” which (6)_____ at a precise frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory.As a satellite passes overhead, it sends out a radio (7)___that can be detected bya receiver in a car’s computer. The car’s computer can then (8)___how far the satellite is by (9)____how long it took for the signal to arrive. Since the speed of light is well known, any delay in receivin g the satellite’s signal can be (10)_____into a distance.Passage 2More than 30 million cars and trucks nationwide are (1) with dangerously(2)____air bags, congressional officials say, a number that raises questions about whether the US (3)____industry can handle what could become the largest recall in history.Federal safety (4)____have recalled only 7.8 million vehicles over the defect in afew states, a limited action that (5)____said Thursday was vastly insufficient to(6)____what they deemed “a public safety threat”.Two senators demanded a much (7)____recall that would cover everyaffectedvehicle nationwide. (8)_____a recall of that magnitude ---- including best-selling models from Honda, Toyota, GM, Chrysler and six other companies (9)____ 2002 to 2007 ---- could prove far (10)_____than the industry has ever managed.Passage 3Britain is not just one country and one people; even if some of its inhabitants think so. Britain is, in fact, a nation which can be divided into several (1) __ parts, each part being an individual country with its own language, character and cultural (2) __. Thus Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales do not claim to (3) __ to "England" because their inhabitants are not (4) __ "English". They are Scottish, Irish or Welsh and many of them prefer to speak their own native tongue, which in turn is (5) __ to the others.These cultural minorities(少数民族) have been Britain’s original inhabitants. In varying degrees they have managed to (6) __ their national characteristics, and their particular customs and way of life. This is probably even more true of the (7) __ areas where traditional life has not been so affected by the (8)__ of industrialism as the border areas have been. The Celtic races are said to be more emotional by nature than the English. An Irish temper is legendary. The Scots could rather (9) __ about their reputation for excessive thrift and prefer to be remembered for their folk songs and dances, while the Welsh are famous for their singing. The Celtic (10)__ as a whole produces humorous writers and artists, such as the Irish Bernard Shaw, the Scottish Robert Burns, and the Welsh Dylan Thomas, to mention but a few.II. Proofreading and error correction 改错题 (15题，每题2分，共30分)Directions:The following passage contains 15 errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. Correct the errors and write the answers on your answer sheet.What is corporate culture? At its most basic, it’s described like (1) ____the personality of an organization, or simply as “how things aredone around here.” It guides what employees think, act, and feel. (2)_____ Corporate culture is a wide term used to define the unique (3) _____personality or character of a particular company or organization,and include such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate (4) _____ ethics, and rules of behavior. Corporate culture can express (5) _____in the company’s mission statement and other communications,in the architectural style or interior decoration, by what people wearto work, by how people address to each other, and in the titles given (6) _____ various employees. How do you uncover the corporate culture of (7) _____a potential employer? The truth is that you will never really knowthe corporate culture after you have worked at the company for a (8)______ number of months, but you can get close to them through research (9)______and observation. Understanding culture is a two-steps process, (10) _____ starting with the research before the interview and ending (11)______ with observation at the interview. The bottom line is thatyou are going to spend a lot of time on the work environment-(12)______ and to be happy, success, and productive, you will want to (13)______be in a place where you fit for the culture, a place where you (14)______ can have voice, be respected, and have opportunities for (15)______ growth.III. Gap-filling 选词填空题（15题，每题2分，共30分）Directions: Fill in the following blanks with the correct words given according to the meanings of the sentences.1. Environmentalists are doing everything within their power to ________ theimpact of the oil spill.A. minimizeB. belittleC. rejectD. reclaim2. T opics for conversation should be ________ to the experiences and interests of thestudents.A. satisfiedB. relevantC. concernedD. concentrated3. T hey said the operation had been successful and they expected his wife to________.A. bring aboutB. pull throughC. carry onD. put up4. W e could tell that she was still ________ something and it was our job to find outwhat.A. cancelingB. shelteringC. concealingD. settling5. Y ou are legally ________ to take faulty goods back to the store where you boughtthem.A. assignedB. entitledC. acclaimedD. remained6. H is knowledge of English is ________ for the job, although he is not fluent in thelanguage.A. justifiedB. reliableC. adequateD. assured7. T he scientists have been ________ the necessary funds for their research program.A. desiredB. neglectedC. declinedD. denied8. T here is always a ________ that the legal system is designed to suit lawyers ratherthan to protect the public.A. confidenceB. faithC. deceptionD. suspicion9. A spokesman of Ministry of Agriculture said that a series of policies would beimplemented to ________ the development of agriculture.A. demoteB. promoteC. decreaseD. increase10. A dark suit is ________ to a light one for evening wear.A. favorableB. suitableC. properD. preferable11. The foreign company has been ________ running this factory for decades.A. enormouslyB. effectivelyC. infinitelyD. extremely12. I’m not sick; ________, I’m in the peak of health.A. to be honestB. on the contraryC. to my delightD. on all sides13. By a ________ of good luck, Gene, who had been buried in the rubble for morethan 26 hours, came out alive.A. strokeB. hitC. strikeD. blow14. A dvertising is an intensely ________ business.A. competitiveB. aggressiveC. adventurousD. lucrative15. She was _______ upset to find that she failed in the final examination.A. somehowB. somewayC. somewhatD. somewhereIV. Reading Comprehension 阅读理解（30题，每题2分，共60分）Directions: In this section, there six reading passages followed by a total of thirty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then choose the correct answer.Passage 1 The Birth of Photography【1】Perceptions of the visible world were greatly altered by the invention of photography in the middle of the nineteenth century. In particular, and quite logically, the art of painting was forever changed, though not always in the ways one might have expected. The realistic and naturalistic painters of the mid- and late-nineteenth century were all intently aware of photography—as a thing to use, to learn from, and react to.【2】Unlike most major inventions, photography had been long and impatiently awaited. The images produced by the camera obscura, a boxlike device that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper, were already familiar—the device had been much employed by topographical artists like the Italian painter Canaletto in his detailed views of the city of Venice. What was lacking was a way of giving such images permanent form. This was finally achieved by Louis Daguerre (1787-1851), who perfected a way of fixing them on a silvered copper plate. His discovery, the "daguerreotype," was announced in 1839.【3】A second and very different process was patented by the British inventor William Henry Talbot (1800-1877) in 1841. Talbot's "calotype" was the first negative-to-positive process and the direct ancestor of the modern photograph. The calotype was revolutionary in its use of chemically treated paper in which areas hit by light became dark in tone, producing a negative image. This "negative," as Talbot called it, could then be used to print multiple positive images on another piece of treated paper.【4】The two processes produced very different results. The daguerreotype was a unique image that reproduced what was in front of the camera lens in minute, unselective detail and could not be duplicated. The calotype could be made in series, and was thus the equivalent of an etching or an engraving. Its general effect was soft edged and tonal.【5】One of the things that most impressed the original audience for photography was the idea of authenticity. Nature now seemed able to speak for itself, with a minimum of interference. The title Talbot chose for his book, The Pencil of Nature (the first part of which was published in 1844), reflected this feeling. Artists were fascinated by photography because it offered a way of examining the world in much greater detail. They were also afraid of it, because it seemed likely to make their own efforts unnecessary.【6】Photography did indeed make certain kinds of painting obsolete—the daguerreotype virtually did away with the portrait miniature. It also made the whole business of making and owning images democratic. Portraiture, once a luxury for the privileged few, was suddenly well within the reach of many more people.【7】In the long term, photography's impact on the visual arts was far from simple. Because the medium was so prolific, in the sense that it was possible to produce a multitude of images very cheaply, it was soon treated as the poor relation of fine art, rather than its destined successor. Even those artists who were most dependent on photography became reluctant to admit that they made use of it, in case thiscompromised their professional standing.【8】The rapid technical development of photography—the introduction of lighter and simpler equipment, and of new emulsions that coated photographic plates, film, and paper and enabled images to be made at much faster speeds—had some unanticipated consequences. Scientific experiments made by photographers such as Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904) and Etienne-Jules Marey (1830-1904) demonstrated that the movements of both humans and animals differed widely from the way they had been traditionally represented in art. Artists, often reluctantly, were forced to accept the evidence provided by the camera. The new candid photography—unposed pictures that were made when the subjects were unaware that their pictures were being taken—confirmed these scientific results, and at the same time, thanks to the radical cropping (trimming) of images that the camera often imposed, suggested new compositional formats. The accidental effects obtained by candid photographers were soon being copied by artists such as the French painter Degas.1.What can be inferred from paragraphs 1 and 2 about the effect of photography on nineteenth-century painting?A. Photography did not significantly change the way people looked at reality.B. Most painters used the images of the camera obscura in preference to those of the daguerreotype.C. Painters who were concerned with realistic or naturalistic representation were particularly influenced by photography.D. Artists used the long-awaited invention of photography in just the ways they had expected to.2. According to paragraphs 2 and 3 which of the following did the daguerreotype and the calotype have in common?A. They were equally useful for artists.B. They could be reproduced.C. They produced a permanent imageD. They were produced on treated paper.3. The word "authenticity" in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning toA. improvement.B. practicality.C. genuineness.D. repetition.4.What point does the author make in paragraph 6?A. Paintings became less expensive because of competition with photography.B. Photography, unlike painting, was a type of portraiture that even ordinary people could afford.C. Every style of painting was influenced by the invention of photography.D. The daguerreotype was more popular than the calotype.5.It can be inferred from paragraph 8 that one effect that photography had on painting was that itA.provided painters with new insights into how humans and animals actually move.B.showed that representing movement could be as interesting as portrait art.C.increased the appeal of painted portraiture among the wealthy.D.influenced artists to improve techniques for painting faster.Passage 2 Early Settlements in the Southwest Asia【1】The universal global warming at the end of the Ice Age had dramatic effects on temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. Ice sheets retreated and sea levels rose. The climatic changes in southwestern Asia were more subtle, in that they involved shifts in mountain snow lines, rainfall patterns, and vegetation cover. However, these same cycles of change had momentous impacts on the sparse human populations of the region. At the end of the Ice Age, no more than a few thousand foragers lived along the eastern Mediterranean coast, in the Jordan and Euphrates valleys. Within 2,000 years, the human population of the region numbered in the tens of thousands, all as a result of village life and farming. Thanks to new environmental and archaeological discoveries, we now know something about this remarkable change in local life.【2】Pollen samples from freshwater lakes in Syria and elsewhere tell us forest cover expanded rapidly at the end of the Ice Age, for the southwestern Asian climate was still cooler and considerably wetter than today. Many areas were richer in animal and plant species than they are now, making them highly favorable for human occupation. About 9000 B.C., most human settlements lay in the area along the Mediterranean coast and in the Zagros Mountains of Iran and their foothills. Some local areas, like the Jordan River valley, the middle Euphrates valley, and some Zagros valleys, were more densely populated than elsewhere. Here more sedentary and more complex societies flourished. These people exploited the landscape intensively, foraging on hill slopes for wild cereal grasses and nuts, while hunting gazelle and other game on grassy lowlands and in river valleys. Their settlements contain exotic objects such as seashells, stone bowls, and artifacts made of obsidian (volcanic glass), all traded from afar. This considerable volume of intercommunity exchange brought a degree of social complexity in its wake.【3】Thanks to extremely fine-grained excavation and extensive use of flotation methods (through which seeds are recovered from soil samples), we know a great deal about the foraging practices of the inhabitants of Abu Hureyra in Syria's Euphrates valley. Abu Hureyra was founded about 9500B.C, a small village settlement of cramped pit dwellings (houses dug partially in the soil) with reed roofs supported by wooden uprights. For the next 1,500 years, its inhabitants enjoyed a somewhat warmer and damper climate than today, living in a well-wooded steppe area where wild cereal grasses were abundant. They subsisted off spring migrations of Persian gazelles from the south. With such a favorable location, about 300 to 400 people lived in a sizable, permanent settlement. They were no longer a series of small bands but lived in a large community with more elaborate social organization, probably grouped into clans of people of common descent.【4】The flotation samples from the excavations allowed botanists to study shifts in plant-collecting habits as if they were looking through a telescope at a changing landscape. Hundreds of tiny plant remains show how the inhabitants exploited nutharvests in nearby pistachio and oak forests. However, as the climate dried up, the forests retreated from the vicinity of the settlement. The inhabitants turned to wild cereal grasses instead, collecting them by the thousands, while the percentage of nuts in the diet fell. By 8200B.C., drought conditions were so severe that the people abandoned their long-established settlement, perhaps dispersing into smaller camps. 【5】Five centuries later, about 7700B.C., a new village rose on the mound. At first the inhabitants still hunted gazelle intensively. Then, about 7000 B.C., within the space of a few generations, they switched abruptly to herding domesticated goats and sheep and to growing einkorn, pulses, and other cereal grasses. Abu Hureyra grew rapidly until it covered nearly 30 acres. It was a close-knit community of rectangular, one-story mud-brick houses, joined by narrow lanes and courtyards, finally abandoned about 5000 B.C.. Many complex factors led to the adoption of the new economies, not only at Abu Hureyra, but at many other locations such as 'Ain Ghazal, also in Syria, where goat toe bones showing the telltale marks of abrasion caused by foot tethering (binding) testify to early herding of domestic stock.6. The word "momentous" in the passage (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning toA. numerous.B. regular.C. very important.D. very positive.7. Major climatic changes occurred by the end of the Ice Age in all of the following geographic areas EXCEPTA. temperate regions of Asia.B. southwestern Asia.C. North America.D. Europe.8. Why does the author mention "seashells, stone bowls, and artifacts made of obsidian" in paragraph 2?A. To give examples of objects obtained through trade with other societies.B. To illustrate the kinds of objects that are preserved in a cool climate.C. To provide evidence that the organization of work was specialized.D. To give examples of the artistic ability of local populations.9. Paragraph 4 suggests that the people of Abu Hureyra abandoned their long-established settlement becauseA. the inhabitants had cleared all the trees from the forests.B. wild cereal grasses took over pistachio and oak forests.C. people wanted to explore new areas.D. lack of rain caused food shortages.10. According to paragraph 5, after 7000 B.C. the settlement of Abu Hureyra differed from earlier settlements at that location in all of the following EXCEPTA. the domestication of animals.B. the intensive hunting of gazelle.C. the size of the settlement.D. the design of the dwellings.Passage 3 Children and Advertising【1】Young children are trusting of commercial advertisements in the media, and advertisers have sometimes been accused of taking advantage of this trusting outlook. The Independent Television Commission, regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom, has criticized advertisers for "misleadingness"—creating a wrong impression either intentionally or unintentionally—in an effort to control advertisers' use of techniques that make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy.【2】General concern about misleading tactics that advertisers employ is centered on the use of exaggeration. Consumer protection groups and parents believe that children are largely ill-equipped to recognize such techniques and that often exaggeration is used at the expense of product information. Claims such as "the best" or "better than" can be subjective and misleading; even adults may be unsure as to their meaning. They represent the advertiser's opinions about the qualities of their products or brand and, as a consequence, are difficult to verify. Advertisers sometimes offset or counterbalance an exaggerated claim with a disclaimer—a qualification or condition on the claim. For example, the claim that breakfast cereal has a health benefit may be accompanied by the disclaimer "when part of a nutritionally balanced breakfast." However, research has shown that children often have difficulty understanding disclaimers: children may interpret the phrase "when part of a nutritionally balanced breakfast" to mean that the cereal is required as a necessary part of a balanced breakfast. The author George Comstock suggested that less than a quarter of children between the ages of six and eight years old understood standard disclaimers used in many toy advertisements and that disclaimers are more readily comprehended when presented in both audio and visual formats. Nevertheless, disclaimers are mainly presented in audio format only.【3】Fantasy is one of the more common techniques in advertising that could possibly mislead a young audience. Child-oriented advertisements are more likely to include magic and fantasy than advertisements aimed at adults. In a content analysis of Canadian television, the author Stephen Kline observed that nearly all commercials for character toys featured fantasy play. Children have strong imaginations and the use of fantasy brings their ideas to life, but children may not be adept enough to realize that what they are viewing is unreal. Fantasy situations and settings are frequently used to attract children's attention, particularly in food advertising. Advertisements for breakfast cereals have, for many years, been found to be especially fond of fantasy techniques, with almost nine out of ten including such content. Generally, there is uncertainty as to whether very young children can distinguish between fantasy and reality in advertising. Certainly, rational appeals in advertising aimed at children are limited, as most advertisements use emotional and indirect appeals to psychological states or associations.【4】The use of celebrities such as singers and movie stars is common in advertising. The intention is for the positively perceived attributes of the celebrity to be transferred to the advertised product and for the two to become automatically linked in the audience's mind. In children's advertising, the "celebrities" are often animated figuresfrom popular cartoons. In the recent past, the role of celebrities in advertising to children has often been conflated with the concept of host selling. Host selling involves blending advertisements with regular programming in a way that makes it difficult to distinguish one from the other. Host selling occurs, for example, when a children's show about a cartoon lion contains an ad in which the same lion promotes a breakfast cereal. The psychologist Dale Kunkel showed that the practice of host selling reduced children's ability to distinguish between advertising and program material. It was also found that older children responded more positively to products in host selling advertisements.【5】Regarding the appearance of celebrities in advertisements that do not involve host selling, the evidence is mixed. Researcher Charles Atkin found that children believe that the characters used to advertise breakfast cereals are knowledgeable about cereals, and children accept such characters as credible sources of nutritional information. This finding was even more marked for heavy viewers of television. In addition, children feel validated in their choice of a product when a celebrity endorses that product. A study of children in Hong Kong, however, found that the presence of celebrities in advertisements could negatively affect the children's perceptions of a product if the children did not like the celebrity in question.11. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as being a difficult judgment for children to make about advertised toys?A. How big the toys are?B. How much the toys cost?C. What the toys can do?D. How the toys are made?12. The word “verify” in the passage is closest in meaning toA. establish the truth of.B. approve of.C. understand.D. criticize.13. Cereal advertisements that include the statement “when part of a nutritionally balanced breakfast” are trying to suggest thatA. the cereal is a desirable part of a healthful, balanced breakfast.B. the cereal contains equal amounts of all nutrients.C. cereal is a healthier breakfast than other foods are.D. the cereal is the most nutritious part of the breakfast meal.14. The word “adept”(Paragraph 3)in the passage is cl osest in meaning toA. responsible.B. skillful.C. patient.D. curious.15. In paragraph 4, why does the author mention a show about a cartoon lion in which an advertisement appears featuring the same lion character?A. To help explain what is meant by th e term "host selling” and why it can be misleading to children.B. To explain why the role of celebrities in advertising aimed at children has often been confused with host selling.C. To compare the effectiveness of using animated figures with the effectiveness of using celebrities in advertisements aimed at children.D. To indicate how Kunkel first became interested in studying the effects of host selling on children.Passage 4 Methods of Studying Infant Perception In the study of perceptual abilities of infants, a number of techniques are used to determine infants' responses to various stimuli. Because they cannot verbalize or fill out questionnaires, indirect techniques of naturalistic observation are used as the primary means of determining what infants can see, hear, feel, and so forth. Each of these methods compares an infant's state prior to the introduction of a stimulus with its state during or immediately following the stimulus. The difference between the two measures provides the researcher with an indication of the level and duration of the response to the stimulus. For example, if a uniformly moving pattern of some sort is passed across the visual field of a neonate (newborn), repetitive following movements of the eye occur. The occurrence of these eye movements provides evidence that the moving pattern is perceived at some level by the newborn. Similarly, changes in the infant's general level of motor activity —turning the head, blinking the eyes, crying, and so forth — have been used by researchers as visual indicators of the infant's perceptual abilities.Such techniques, however, have limitations. First, the observation may be unreliable in that two or more observers may not agree that the particular response occurred, or to what degree it occurred. Second, responses are difficult to quantify. Often the rapid and diffuse movements of the infant make it difficult to get an accurate record of the number of responses. The third, and most potent, limitation is that it is not possible to be certain that the infant's response was due to the stimulus presented or to a change from no stimulus to a stimulus. The infant may be responding to aspects of the stimulus different than those identified by the investigator. Therefore, when observational assessment is used as a technique for studying infant perceptual abilities, care must be taken not to over-generalize from the data or to rely on one or two studies as conclusive evidence of a particular perceptual ability of the infant.Observational assessment techniques have become much more sophisticated, reducing the limitations just presented. Film analysis of the infant's responses, heart and respiration rate monitors, and nonnutritive sucking devices are used as effective tools in understanding infant perception. Film analysis permits researchers to carefully study the infant's responses over and over and in slow motion. Precise measurements can be made of the length and frequency of the infant's attention between two stimuli. Heart and respiration monitors provide the investigator with the number of heartbeats or breaths taken when a new stimulus is presented. Numerical。

广东财经大学252二外法语2020到2008十三套考研真题

广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷
考试年度：2020 年适用专业：050201 英语语言文学
考试科目代码及名称：252-法语(自命题)
［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］
（1）词语选择（10 题，每题 1 分，共 10 分）
1. Elle passera ses vacances en
essayer.
A. réussisse B. réussit C. réussir D. réussis
4. Si vous étiez à ma place, vous
mieux ma décision.
A. comprenez B. allez comprendre C. compreniez D. comprendre
Pendant ses trois années à Amboise (de 1516 à 1519), Léonard organise des fêtes pour le roi, il travaille à de nombreux projets, il étudie les plans d’un château idéal, il continue à dessiner les animaux et la nature, il termine sa « Sainte-Anne » et il fait des recherches sur l’anatomie et la botanique.
5. Je reste jusqu’à ce qu’elle
de retour.
A. soit
B. est
C. a été
D. serait
6. Tu as choisi une robe noire ? A mon avis, cette tenue est

2020考研英语二试题及答案

2020考研英语二试题及答案1. Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The world is experiencing a dramatic increase in the urban population. According to the United Nations, more than half of the global population now lives in cities, a proportion that is expected to rise to nearly two-thirds by 2050. This trend is particularly pronounced in developing countries, where urbanization is often seen as a necessary step towards economic growth. However, the rapid growth of cities also brings with it a series of challenges.1.1 The main reason for the increase in urban population is _______.A) economic developmentB) population explosionC) rural migrationD) technological innovation1.2 Urbanization is considered as a _______ step towards economic growth.A) necessaryB) sufficientC) optionalD) irrelevant1.3 The rapid growth of cities also brings with it a series of _______.A) opportunitiesB) challengesC) benefitsD) drawbacks2. Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the correct option. Mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The concept of a "smart city" has gained popularity in recent years. A smart city uses digital technology to enhance urban services and improve the quality of life for its residents. This includes the use of sensors and data analytics to manage traffic, monitor air quality, and optimize energy use.2.1 What does a smart city use to enhance urban services?A) Traditional technologyB) Digital technologyC) Renewable energyD) Artificial intelligence2.2 The purpose of a smart city is to _______.A) reduce pollutionB) improve the quality of lifeC) increase population densityD) promote urban sprawl2.3 Which of the following is NOT an example of a smart city feature?A) Traffic managementB) Air quality monitoringC) Energy optimizationD) Population control3. Directions: Read the following text and answer thequestions by filling in the blanks with the correct wordsfrom the given options. (10 points)The rise of e-commerce has transformed the retail industry. Consumers can now shop from the comfort of their homes, and businesses can reach customers across the globe. However,this has also led to a significant increase in packaging waste, as items are often packaged individually for shipping.3.1 The rise of e-commerce has _______ the retail industry.A) damagedB) transformedC) simplifiedD) diversified3.2 Consumers can now shop from the _______ of their homes.A) comfortB) luxuryC) necessityD) urgency3.3 This has also led to a significant increase in _______ waste.A) packagingB) electronicC) foodD) plastic4. Directions: Read the following text and choose the correct answer to the question. (10 points)Climate change is a global issue that requires a collective response. Governments, businesses, and individuals all have a role to play in mitigating its effects. One of the key strategies is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to global warming.4.1 What is one of the key strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change?A) Increase greenhouse gas emissionsB) Reduce greenhouse gas emissionsC) Ignore the issueD) Encourage deforestation5. Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions by completing the sentences. (10 points)The use of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, is becoming more prevalent as countries seek to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels. This shift is driven by concerns over environmental sustainability and the need to combat climate change.5.1 The use of renewable energy sources is becoming more prevalent as countries seek to _______.A) increase their reliance on fossil fuelsB) reduce their reliance on fossil fuelsC) maintain their current energy consumptionD) promote the use of nuclear energy5.2 This shift is driven by concerns over _______.A) economic growthB) environmental sustainabilityC) technological innovationD) political stability6. Directions: Read the following text and answer the question by choosing the correct option. (10 points)The internet has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and learn. It has made information more accessible and has facilitated the exchange of ideas across the globe. However, it has also raised concerns about privacy and security.6.1 The internet has revolutionized the way we _______。

广东财经大学613普通语言学13-15.17-20年真题

广东商学院硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2013年考试科目代码及名称：613-普通语言学适用专业：050201-英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、名词解释（10题，每题3分，共30分）1.macrolinguistics2.blending3.diphthong4.aspect5.reference6.cooperative principle7.Indo-European family8.taboo9.CALL10.corpus linguistics二、判断题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1.（）Halliday’s linguistic potential is similar to the notions of parole and performance.2.（）Descriptive linguists are concerned with how language work,not with how they can be improved.3.（）The word“hour”contains a diphthong and a pure vowel.4.（）The concept“competence”originally refers to the grammatical knowledge of the ideal language user and has nothing to do with the actual use of language in concrete situation.5.（）All words contain a root morpheme.三、简答题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1.What are the major design features of language?2.What are the methods for the addition of new words in the English language?3.Exemplify the relationship between phone,phoneme and allophone.4.Distinguish the two possible meanings of“more beautiful flowers”by means of IC analysis.5.What is the difference between meaning,concept,connotation and denotation?四、论述题（2题，每题20分，共40分）1.How do you understand the saying that language is symbolic?2.In what way can corpus data contribute to lexical studies?广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2014年考试科目代码及名称：613-普通语言学适用专业：050201英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、名词解释（10题，每题3分，共30分）1.pragmatics2.diachronic linguistics3.allophones4.morpheme5.cohesion6.cognitive linguistics7.hyponymy8.contrastive analysis9.American nguage Acquisition Device(LAD)二、判断题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1.The Cooperative Principle,an important pragmatic principle proposed by P.Grice, aims to explain how we mean more than we say.2.Phonetics studies the rules governing the structure,distribution,and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.3.[m]is a“bilabial lateral”,[j]a“palatal approximant”,and[h]a“glottal fricative”.4.Relevance is a matter of degree.The larger effect produced,the greater the relevance;the smaller effort cost,the greater the relevance.5.Exocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents,i.e.,a word or a group of words,which serves as a definable centre or head.三、简答题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1.What is the major difference between Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole and Chomsky’s distinction between competence and performance?2.Divide the following words into Roots,IA(inflectional affix)and/or DA (derivational affix).e.g.transformations:trans(DA)-form(Root)–ation(DA) -s(IA)1)unconscious2)earthquakes3)misled4)geese3.Distinguish the two possible meanings of“more complicated examinations”by means of IC analysis.4.Draw a tree diagram according to PS rules to show the deep structure of the sentence: The kid broke a vase yesterday.5.Which of the Conversational Maxims is being violated in the following conversation?A:So you like icecream.What are your favourite flavours?B:Hamburger…fish and chips.四、论述题（2题，每题20分，共40分）1.What are the main differences between pragmatics and semantics?2.Explain the following remark with examples or make some comments:Each language articulates or organises the world nguages do not simply name existing categories;they articulate their own.。

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欢迎报考广东财经大学硕士研究生，祝你考试成功！（第 1 页共 3 页）
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷
考试年度：2020年考试科目代码及名称：804-英语写作与翻译(自命题)适用专业：050201 英语语言文学
［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］
Part I Writing （100分）
（1）Summary Writing (1题，共40分)
Write a summary based on the following text. Your summary must be in a continuous paragraph and contain 120—150 words.
The term “cyberspace”(网际空间) was coined by William Gibson, a science-fiction writer. He first used it in a short story in 1982, and expanded on it a couple of years later in a novel, “Neuromancer”, whose main character, Henry Dorsett Case, is a troubled computer hacker and drug addict. In the book Mr Gibson describes cyberspace as “a consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators.”
His literary creation turned out to be remarkably prescient. Cyberspace has become a popular term, symbolic of the computing devices, networks, wireless links and other infrastructure that bring the internet to billions of people around the world. The myriad connections forged by these technologies have brought tremendous benefits to everyone who uses the web to tap into humanity’s collective store of knowledge every day.
But there is a darker side to this extraordinary invention. Data breaches are becoming ever bigger and more common. Last year over 800m records were lost, mainly through such attacks. Among the most prominent recent victims has been Target, whose chief executive, Gregg Steinhafel, stood down from his job in May, a few months after the giant American retailer revealed that online intruders had stolen millions of digital records about its customers, including credit- and debit-card details. Other well-known firms such as Adobe, a tech company, and eBay, an online marketplace, have also been hit. The potential damage, though, extends well beyond such commercial incursions. America’s president, Barack Obama, said in a White House press release earlier this year that cyber-threats “pose one of the gravest national-security dangers” the country is facing.
Securing cyberspace is hard because the architecture of the internet was designed to promote connectivity, not security. Its founders focused on getting it to work and did not worry much about threats because the network was affiliated with America’s military. As hackers turned up, layers of security, from antivirus programs to firewalls,
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