英文名词A
高考英语3500单词详解(A开头)解析
高考英语3500单词详解（A开头）a[E,ei],an[En,An]art. 1.一(个，件，…)：He has a car.他有一辆小汽车。
/He is an old man.他是位老人。
/He bought a dozen pencils.他买了一打铅笔。
2.任何…都：A bird has wings.鸟有翅膀。
/A square has four sides.正方形有四条边。
3.每(一)：We meet twice a week.我们每星期见两次面。
4.某，某一个：In a sense you are right.在某种意义上你是对的。
/A Mr Smith wants to see you.一位名叫史密斯先生的人想见你。
【注意】1.在序数词之前使用a(an)，可以表示数量或序数的增加：Do you want to read it a third time?你还想看第三次吗?2.不定冠词可用来表示“类属”，即表示某一类属中的每一个都能反映该类属的整体情况，此时也可用定冠词或名词复数形式来表示：A tiger[The tiger,Tigers]can be dangerous.老虎是危险的。
注意：不定冠词的这一用法是指某一类中任何一个具有代表性的个体，它不能用来表示整体类别的特性，如下例中的the不能换成a：The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.老虎有绝种的危险。
abandon[E5bAndEn]vt. 1.抛弃，放弃，戒除：The enemy abandoned they city and the fled.敌军弃城逃跑。
2.离弃，背弃：The cruel man abandoned his wife and child.那个狠心的男人遗弃了妻儿。
3.纵情，恣意：He abandoned himself to grief.他极度悲伤。
ability[E5biliti]n. 1.[U]能力：She has the ability to speak English fluently.她能够流利地说英语。
英语语法—名词
10 名词的类别与用途A 英语中名词可以分为四类：普通名词：dog狗man男人table桌子专有名词：France法兰西Madrid马德里Mrs Smith史密斯夫人 Tom汤姆抽象名词：beauty美丽 charity慈善courage勇气 fear恐惧joy快乐集合名词：crowd人群flock畜群group组swarm大群team队B 名词的用途有：作动词的主语：Tom arrived．汤姆到了。
作be，become，seem等系动词的表语：Tom is an actor．汤姆是个演员。
作动词的宾语：I saw Tom．我看到了汤姆。
作介词的宾语：I spoke to Tom．我跟汤姆说话。
名词也可以所有格形式出现：Tom’s books汤姆的书11 名词的性A 阳性：男人、男孩和雄性动物（代词为he／they）。
阴性：女人、女孩和雌性动物（代词为she／they）。
中性：无生命的东西，不知性别的动物，有时也指不知性别的婴儿（代词为it／they）。
例外情况：轮船是阴性。
有时对汽车或其他运载工具表示喜爱或尊重时，也认为它们是阴性。
国家的名称通常也认为是阴性。
The ship struck an iceberg，which tore a huge hole in her side．船碰在一座冰山上，船帮被撞出一个大洞。
Scotland lost many of her bravest men in two great rebellions．在两次大起义中，苏格兰失去了许多极勇敢的男子汉。
B 指人的阳性／阴性名词1 阴、阳性不同的形式：（a）boy男孩 girl女孩bachelor单身汉 spinster未婚女子bridegroom新郎 bride新娘father父亲 mother母亲gentleman先生 lady女士husband丈夫 wife妻子man男人 woman女人nephew侄子 niece侄女son儿子 daughter女儿uncle伯伯，叔叔 aunt伯母，婶婶widower鳏夫 widow寡妇主要的特例（即没有性的区别）有：baby婴儿child孩子cousin堂（表）兄弟／姐妹infant幼儿parent父亲，母亲relation亲属relative亲戚spouse配偶teenager青少年（b）duke公爵 duchess女公爵，公爵夫人earl伯爵 countess女伯爵，伯爵夫人king国王 queen女王，王后lord勋爵 lady夫人prince王子 princess公主2 指职业的大多数名词的阴、阳性形式相同：artist艺术家assistant助理／店员cook厨师dancer舞蹈演员driver司机doctor医生guide向导主要的特例有：actor男演员 actress女演员conductor（公交车辆）男售票员 conductress（公交车辆）女售票员heir后嗣，继承人 heiress嗣女，女继承人hero男英雄，男主人公 heroine女英雄，女主人公host男主人 hostess女主人manager男经理 manageress女经理stewad男乘务员 stewardess女乘务员waiter男侍者 waitress女侍者也可以说salesman（售货员），saleswoman（女售货员）等。
生化名词缩写
精品--常用生化名词缩写缩写英文名称中文名称A adenosine 腺嘌呤核苷（腺苷）AA amino acid 氨基酸AC adenylatec cyclase 腺苷酸环化酶ACP acyl carrier protein 酰基载体蛋白ADP adenosine diphosphate 腺嘌呤核苷二磷酸（二磷酸腺苷）Ala alanine 丙氨酸（α-氨基丙酸）AMP adenosine monophosphate 腺嘌呤核苷一磷酸（一磷酸腺苷）APO Apolipoprotein 载脂蛋白Arg（或R）arginine 精氨酸（δ-胍基α–氨基戊酸）Asn(或N) asparagine 天冬酰胺Asp（或D）aspartic acid 天冬氨酸（α- 氨基丁二酸）ATP adenosine triphosphate 腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸（三磷酸腺苷）BBCCP biotin carboxyl-carrier protein 生物素羧基载体蛋白C cytidine 胞嘧啶核苷（胞苷）cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate 环腺苷酸（环腺一磷）CDP cytidine diphosphate 胞嘧啶核苷二磷酸（二磷酸胞苷）CM chylomicron 乳糜颗粒CMP cytidine monophosphate 胞嘧啶核苷一磷酸（一磷酸胞苷）CoⅠcoenzyme Ⅰ辅酶ⅠCoⅡcoenzyme Ⅱ辅酶ⅡCoA; CoA SH coenzyme A 辅酶ACoQ coenzyme Q 辅酶QCTP cytidine triphosphate 胞嘧啶核苷三磷酸（三磷酸胞苷）Cys cystine 胱氨酸Cys H(或C) cysteine 半胱氨酸D（或Asp）aspartic acid 天冬氨酸dAMP deoxyadenosine monophosphate 腺嘌呤脱氧核糖核苷一磷酸（脱氧腺苷酸）dADP deoxyadenosine diphosphate 腺嘌呤脱氧核糖核苷二磷酸dATP deoxyadenosine triphosphate 腺嘌呤脱氧核糖核苷三磷酸dCMP deoxycytidine monophosphate 胞嘧啶脱氧核糖核苷一磷酸（脱氧胞苷酸）DDDP DNA dependent DNA polymerase 依赖于DNA的DNA聚合酶DDRP DNA dependent RNA polymerase 依赖于DNA的RNA聚合酶DG diacylglycerol 二脂酰甘油dGMP deoxyguanosine monophosphate 鸟嘌呤脱氧核糖核苷一磷酸（脱氧鸟苷酸）DNA deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸cDNA complementary DNA 互补DNA cccDNA covalently closed circular DNA 共价闭合环状DNA ds DNA double strand DNA 双链DNAmt DNA mitochondrial DNA 线粒体DNA--精品精品--oc DNA open circular DNA 开环DNA ss DNA single strand DNA 单链DNA DNase deoxyribonuclease 脱氧核糖核酸酶DNFB 2，4-dinitroflurobenzene 2,4-二硝基氟苯dNTP deoxynucleotid triphosphate 脱氧核苷三磷酸DPG diphosphoglyceric acid 二磷酸甘油酸E（或Glu）glutamic acid 谷氨酸EF elongation factor 延伸因子EMP Emoden-Meyerbof-Parnas pathway EMP途径；糖酵解途径F（或phe）phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸FA fatty acid 脂肪酸FAD flavin-adenine dinucleotide 黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸FH2dihydrofolic acid 二氢叶酸FH4tetrahydrofolic acid 四氢叶酸FMN flavin mononucleotide 黄素单核苷酸G guanosine; glycine; glucose 鸟嘌呤核苷（鸟苷）；甘氨酸；葡萄糖Gal galactose 半乳糖GDP guanosine diphosphate 鸟嘌呤核苷二磷酸（二磷酸鸟苷）GH growth hormone 生长素Glc glucose 葡萄糖Gln（或Q）glutamine 谷氨酰胺Glu（或E）glutamic acid 谷氨酸（α-氨基戊二酸）Gly（或G）glycine 甘氨酸（α-氨基乙酸）GMP guanosine monophosphate 鸟嘌呤核苷一磷酸（一磷酸鸟苷）GOT glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase 谷草转氨酶GPT glutamate-pyruvate transaminase 谷丙转氨酶GTP guanosone triphosphate 鸟嘌呤核苷三磷酸(三磷酸鸟苷) H(或His) histidine 组氨酸Hb hemoglobin 血红蛋白HDL high density lipoprotein 高密度脂蛋白HMG-CoA β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA β-羟-β-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶AHMP(或HMS) hexose monophosphate pathway 磷酸已糖途径Hyp hydroxyproline 羟脯氨酸I inosine; isoleucine 次黄嘌呤核苷(肌苷),异亮氨酸IF initiation factor 起始因子IgG immunoglobulin G 免疫球蛋白GIle(I) isoleucine 异亮氨酸K(Lys) lysine 赖氨酸Km Michaelis constant 米氏常数L(Leu) leucine 亮氨酸LDH lactate dehydrogenase 乳酸脱氢酶LDL low density lipoprotein 低密度脂蛋白Leu(L) leucine 亮氨酸(α-氨基异已酸)Lys (或K) lysine 赖氨酸（α，δ-二氨基已酸）--精品精品--M (或Met）methionine 甲硫氨酸Mb myoglobin 肌红蛋白m5C 5-methylcytidine 5-甲基胞苷NNAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(辅酶I) NADP nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate 烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(辅酶Ⅱ) Orn ornithine 鸟氨酸（α，δ-二氨基戊酸）P (或Pro) proline 脯氨酸PAGE polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳PAPS 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate 3'-磷酸腺苷-5'-磷酸硫酸PCR polymerase chain reaction 聚合酶链反应PEP phosphoenolpyruvate 磷酸烯醇丙酮酸Phe (或F) phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸（β-苯基-α-氨基丙酸）Pro (或P) proline 脯氨酸PRPP 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate 5-磷酸核糖-1-焦磷酸Q (或Gln) glutamine 谷氨酰胺R (或Arg) arginine 精氨酸RDDP RNA dependent DNA polymerase 依赖于RNA的DNA聚合酶RDRP RNA dependent RNA polymerase 依赖于RNA的RNA聚合酶RNA ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸Hn RNA nuclear heterogenous RNA 核内不均一RNAm RNA messenger ribonucleic acid 信使核糖核酸r RNA ribosomal ribonucleic acid 核糖体核糖核酸sc RNA samll cytoplasmic RNA 细胞质小RNAsn RNA small nuclear RNA 核内小RNAsno RNA small nucleolus RNA 小核仁RNAtRNA transfer ribonucleic acid 转运核糖核酸RNase ribonuclease 核酸糖酶sSAM S-adenosyl methionine S-腺苷蛋氨酸SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate 十二烷基硫酸钠Ser(或S) serine 丝氨酸(β-羟基-α-氨基丙酸)SOD superoxide dismutase 超氧化物歧化酶SSB single-strand binding protein 单链结合蛋白TTCA cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环Thr(或T) threonie 苏氨酸(β-羟-α-氨基丁酸)Tm melting temperature (DNA)熔融温度TPP thiamine pyrophosphate 焦磷酸硫胺素Trp (或W) tryptophan 色氨酸(β-吲哚-α-氨基丙酸)U uridine 尿嘧啶核苷UDPG uridine diphosphoglucose 尿嘧啶核苷二磷酸葡萄糖UMP uridine monophosphate 尿嘧啶核苷一磷酸(尿苷酸)--精品精品--UTP uridine triphosphate 三磷酸尿(嘧啶核)苷V(Val) valine 缬氨酸(α-氨基异戊酸) VHDL very high density lipoprotein 极高密度脂蛋白VLDL very low density lipoprotein 极低密度脂蛋白W(或Trp) tryptophine 色氨酸Ψpseudouridine 假尿(嘧啶核)苷--精品。
(讲解)名词复数,a、an,Be动词
英语中的词汇分为10种词性名词(n.) 动词(v.) 代词(pron.) 形容词(adj.) 副词(adv.)数词(num.) 冠词(art.) 介词(prep.) 连词(conj.) 感叹词(int.)一、名词名词可以分为可数名词与不可数名词，其中可数名词具有单、复数的形式；而不可数名词没有复数形式。
1. 从单数到复数，变形规则如下：1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches3. 以字母o结尾，有生命的加-es，如：tomato-tomatoes，potato-potatoes，hero-heroes无生命的加-s，如：photo-photos4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families（家庭）, strawberry-strawberries（草莓）5．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives leaf-leaves 6．不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen , mouse-micechild（孩子）-children foot-feet,. tooth-teeth7.单复同形fish-fish, sheep-sheep people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, goose—geese2.以下词为常为不可数名词，他们的复数形式就是他们本身。
Water(水) milk(牛奶) tea(茶) rice(米饭) orange（橙汁）juice（果汁）bread（面包）液体类，肉类，一抓一大把，抽象类练习题写出下列各词的复数I _________this ___________that___________ zoo __________watch _______child _______photo ________diary _________day________ foot________ book_______ dress ______________tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____________thief _______ peach______ sandwich __________man______woman_______ paper_______ juice____________________water________ milk________ rice__________ tea_______________wolf________ wife________life________knife________fish________ sheep________ people________ Chinese________Japanese________ goose________二、名词单复数讲解及练习（1）可数名词的单数前什么时候用a，什么时候用an？答：以元音音标（或音素）开头的用an。
英语名词用法大全
Chinese 中国人，sheep 羊，deer 鹿，fish 鱼, Japanese 日本人,li，jin，yuan，two li，three
mu，four jin，但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
单数变复数的规则：
当名词为： 词尾变化 读 音
例
词
一般情况
在清辅音后 读/s/
chips 碎片, jeeps, pats（友善的）轻拍，拍打, clocks
在浊辅音或 boys, sharpeners 磨床,磨器,磨具, sofas(长)沙发,
元音后读/z/ drawers 抽屉 加s
在 t 后面读 /ts/
名词
名词：是一些名称，表示人物、地方、国家、动物或物品等。
他分为：
物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。
普通名词
抽象名词 fear(恐惧) beauty(美丽)illness(疾病)courage(勇气)
名词
个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 集体名词 family(家庭)people(人民)class(班)cattle(牛)
German 不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；
3、集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。
2
如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说 a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。如： The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
生化名词缩写
常用生化名词缩写缩写英文名称中文名称A adenosine 腺嘌呤核苷（腺苷）AA amino acid 氨基酸AC adenylatec cyclase 腺苷酸环化酶ACP acyl carrier protein 酰基载体蛋白ADP adenosine diphosphate 腺嘌呤核苷二磷酸（二磷酸腺苷）Ala alanine 丙氨酸（α-氨基丙酸）AMP adenosine monophosphate 腺嘌呤核苷一磷酸（一磷酸腺苷）APO Apolipoprotein 载脂蛋白Arg（或R）arginine 精氨酸（δ-胍基α–氨基戊酸）Asn(或N) asparagine 天冬酰胺Asp（或D）aspartic acid 天冬氨酸（α- 氨基丁二酸）ATP adenosine triphosphate 腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸（三磷酸腺苷）BBCCP biotin carboxyl-carrier protein 生物素羧基载体蛋白C cytidine 胞嘧啶核苷（胞苷）cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate 环腺苷酸（环腺一磷）CDP cytidine diphosphate 胞嘧啶核苷二磷酸（二磷酸胞苷）CM chylomicron 乳糜颗粒CMP cytidine monophosphate 胞嘧啶核苷一磷酸（一磷酸胞苷）CoⅠcoenzyme Ⅰ辅酶ⅠCoⅡcoenzyme Ⅱ辅酶ⅡCoA; CoA SH coenzyme A 辅酶ACoQ coenzyme Q 辅酶QCTP cytidine triphosphate 胞嘧啶核苷三磷酸（三磷酸胞苷）Cys cystine 胱氨酸Cys H(或C) cysteine 半胱氨酸D（或Asp）aspartic acid 天冬氨酸dAMP deoxyadenosine monophosphate 腺嘌呤脱氧核糖核苷一磷酸（脱氧腺苷酸）dADP deoxyadenosine diphosphate 腺嘌呤脱氧核糖核苷二磷酸dATP deoxyadenosine triphosphate 腺嘌呤脱氧核糖核苷三磷酸dCMP deoxycytidine monophosphate 胞嘧啶脱氧核糖核苷一磷酸（脱氧胞苷酸）DDDP DNA dependent DNA polymerase 依赖于DNA的DNA聚合酶DDRP DNA dependent RNA polymerase 依赖于DNA的RNA聚合酶DG diacylglycerol 二脂酰甘油dGMP deoxyguanosine monophosphate 鸟嘌呤脱氧核糖核苷一磷酸（脱氧鸟苷酸）DNA deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸cDNA complementary DNA 互补DNA cccDNA covalently closed circular DNA 共价闭合环状DNA ds DNA double strand DNA 双链DNAmt DNA mitochondrial DNA 线粒体DNAoc DNA open circular DNA 开环DNA ss DNA single strand DNA 单链DNA DNase deoxyribonuclease 脱氧核糖核酸酶DNFB 2，4-dinitroflurobenzene 2,4-二硝基氟苯dNTP deoxynucleotid triphosphate 脱氧核苷三磷酸DPG diphosphoglyceric acid 二磷酸甘油酸E（或Glu）glutamic acid 谷氨酸EF elongation factor 延伸因子EMP Emoden-Meyerbof-Parnas pathway EMP途径；糖酵解途径F（或phe）phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸FA fatty acid 脂肪酸FAD flavin-adenine dinucleotide 黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸FH2dihydrofolic acid 二氢叶酸FH4tetrahydrofolic acid 四氢叶酸FMN flavin mononucleotide 黄素单核苷酸G guanosine; glycine; glucose 鸟嘌呤核苷（鸟苷）；甘氨酸；葡萄糖Gal galactose 半乳糖GDP guanosine diphosphate 鸟嘌呤核苷二磷酸（二磷酸鸟苷）GH growth hormone 生长素Glc glucose 葡萄糖Gln（或Q）glutamine 谷氨酰胺Glu（或E）glutamic acid 谷氨酸（α-氨基戊二酸）Gly（或G）glycine 甘氨酸（α-氨基乙酸）GMP guanosine monophosphate 鸟嘌呤核苷一磷酸（一磷酸鸟苷）GOT glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase 谷草转氨酶GPT glutamate-pyruvate transaminase 谷丙转氨酶GTP guanosone triphosphate 鸟嘌呤核苷三磷酸(三磷酸鸟苷) H(或His) histidine 组氨酸Hb hemoglobin 血红蛋白HDL high density lipoprotein 高密度脂蛋白HMG-CoA β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA β-羟-β-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A HMP(或HMS) hexose monophosphate pathway 磷酸已糖途径Hyp hydroxyproline 羟脯氨酸I inosine; isoleucine 次黄嘌呤核苷(肌苷),异亮氨酸IF initiation factor 起始因子IgG immunoglobulin G 免疫球蛋白GIle(I) isoleucine 异亮氨酸K(Lys) lysine 赖氨酸Km Michaelis constant 米氏常数L(Leu) leucine 亮氨酸LDH lactate dehydrogenase 乳酸脱氢酶LDL low density lipoprotein 低密度脂蛋白Leu(L) leucine 亮氨酸(α-氨基异已酸) Lys (或K) lysine 赖氨酸（α，δ-二氨基已酸）M (或Met）methionine 甲硫氨酸Mb myoglobin 肌红蛋白m5C 5-methylcytidine 5-甲基胞苷NNAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(辅酶I) NADP nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate 烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(辅酶Ⅱ) Orn ornithine 鸟氨酸（α，δ-二氨基戊酸）P (或Pro) proline 脯氨酸PAGE polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳PAPS 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate 3'-磷酸腺苷-5'-磷酸硫酸PCR polymerase chain reaction 聚合酶链反应PEP phosphoenolpyruvate 磷酸烯醇丙酮酸Phe (或F) phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸（β-苯基-α-氨基丙酸）Pro (或P) proline 脯氨酸PRPP 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate 5-磷酸核糖-1-焦磷酸Q (或Gln) glutamine 谷氨酰胺R (或Arg) arginine 精氨酸RDDP RNA dependent DNA polymerase 依赖于RNA的DNA聚合酶RDRP RNA dependent RNA polymerase 依赖于RNA的RNA聚合酶RNA ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸Hn RNA nuclear heterogenous RNA 核内不均一RNAm RNA messenger ribonucleic acid 信使核糖核酸r RNA ribosomal ribonucleic acid 核糖体核糖核酸sc RNA samll cytoplasmic RNA 细胞质小RNAsn RNA small nuclear RNA 核内小RNAsno RNA small nucleolus RNA 小核仁RNAtRNA transfer ribonucleic acid 转运核糖核酸RNase ribonuclease 核酸糖酶sSAM S-adenosyl methionine S-腺苷蛋氨酸SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate 十二烷基硫酸钠Ser(或S) serine 丝氨酸(β-羟基-α-氨基丙酸) SOD superoxide dismutase 超氧化物歧化酶SSB single-strand binding protein 单链结合蛋白TTCA cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环Thr(或T) threonie 苏氨酸(β-羟-α-氨基丁酸)Tm melting temperature (DNA)熔融温度TPP thiamine pyrophosphate 焦磷酸硫胺素Trp (或W) tryptophan 色氨酸(β-吲哚-α-氨基丙酸)U uridine 尿嘧啶核苷UDPG uridine diphosphoglucose 尿嘧啶核苷二磷酸葡萄糖UMP uridine monophosphate 尿嘧啶核苷一磷酸(尿苷酸)UTP uridine triphosphate 三磷酸尿(嘧啶核)苷V(Val) valine 缬氨酸(α-氨基异戊酸) VHDL very high density lipoprotein 极高密度脂蛋白VLDL very low density lipoprotein 极低密度脂蛋白W(或Trp) tryptophine 色氨酸Ψpseudouridine 假尿(嘧啶核)苷。
英文字母a到z含义
a字母含义A是26个字母中的首字母。
A的形状像是在两根木棍之间增加了某种连接物，把两者连接起来。
最典型的带有“增加”的含义的单词是and（加上，和）。
可见，A给人“增加”的感觉。
而含有“帮助”的意思的单词也常常以A开头，如aid（帮助，援助）。
它在词语中并不是只发[ei]音，还会发[æ]和[e]的音，也是嘴巴张开，音量增加的感觉。
所以，字母A表示“在某种基础上增加”。
形状：从形状看，字母A像是用连接物把两根木棍连接起来，也就是“增加”一样东西，从而起到增强、巩固的作用。
发音：A在单词中的实际发音往往并不是只发[ei]音，而是与其它字母结合发[æ]和[e]的音。
嘴张得很大，给人“增加”音量的感觉。
含义：从字母A的形状和发音可知，它的基本含义是“增加”。
另外,a/an 充当不定冠词也是因为它有“一个加上另一个”的意思，所以它可以放在单数可数名词的前面，表示同类事物中的任何“一个”，而非特指的“一个”。
and conj. 加上；和，与，而且Tips:在含有字母A的单词中，这个词最能代表A的基本含义的。
add vt.& vi. 增加，添加addition n. 加法，增加，添加，附加Tips: add 的名词形式addicted adj.上瘾的Tips:加得过多，最终就会上瘾。
adorn vt.装饰，装扮Tips:增加一些东西使事物变得更漂亮，也就是“装饰”。
avocation n. 副业，业余爱好Tips:vocation 是“职业”，在职业以外增加一些事情做，即a+vocation=avocation 就成了“副业”。
aid n.帮助，援助vt. 帮助，援助aide n.参谋，副官Tips:加把手，增加一份力量，也就是“帮助”或是“参谋”了。
arrow n.箭Tips:距离逐渐增加，飞向远处的“箭”。
another adj.&pron. 另一个Tips:在原有的一个（an）上再增加另外的（other），就成了一另一个。
英语a和an的用法
英语a和an的用法英语a和an的用法在以辅音发音为开始的单词前用a，在以元音发音为开始的单词前用an。
注意不是所有元音字母起头的单词都一定以元音为起始发音，比如university。
不定冠词 a / an定冠词 the(一)不定冠词：a∕an的用法：⑴表示一个⑵表示每个⑶表示某个⑷表示某类之一⑸第一次提到的人或物用不定冠词表示，再次提到时用定冠词。
⑹用于可数名词单数形式前，表示类别。
⑺用于表示价格，速度，比率，时间等意义的名词前10 yuan a meter。
10元一米⑻用于抽象名词前，表示一种…⑼用于句型：“a∕an +Mr。
∕Mrs。
∕Miss。
+姓氏”中⑽用于某些短语中(二 )定冠词the的用法：⑴表示特定的人或事物⑵表示听话人，说话人彼此都很熟悉的人或事物⑶第一次提到的人或物用不定冠词表示，再次提到时用定冠词。
⑷表示世界上独一无二的东西(专有名词除外)⑸表示国家，党派，团体，机关等词组前用定冠词⑹用在表示乐器的名词前⑺用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示一家人⑻用在单数可数名词前和名词化的形容词前，表示类别⑼用在序数词，形容词最高级和表示方位的名词前(副词最高级前⑽用在地理名词前(江河湖海…)⑾用在表示报纸，会议，条约等名词前⑿用于某些建筑物之前⒀用于主要由普通名词构成的专有名词前⒁用在逢十的数词复数前，表示世纪中的特定年代或人的大约岁数]⒂用在句型“动词+人称代词宾格+介词+定冠词the+身体的某一部位”中⒃用于合唱团，管弦乐团，流行音乐团体等名词前⒄用于某些固定词组中(三)零冠词(不用冠词)的情况⑴专有名词前不用冠词(由普通名词构成的专有名词以及某些特殊情况除外)⑵物质名词，抽象名词，可数名词复数形式表示一般概念时不用冠词⑶名词前有作定语的限制词时不用冠词⑷在季节，月份，星期，三餐前不用冠词⑸球类运动，棋类游戏，娱乐活动前不用冠词⑹在报纸，文章标题，新闻标题，提纲，剧本提示，书名之前不用冠词⑺称呼词，头衔，职务之前不用冠词，在句子中做主语，同位语，宾语补足语或主语补足语时不用冠词，当这些词做主语或特指时加the⑻节假日等名词前不用冠词⑼语言，学科，交通工具前不用冠词⑽有些表示抽象概念的个体名词前不用冠词⑾2个或2个以上的单数可数名词连用市不用冠词，在某些并列的名词前，后面名词前的冠词有时可以省略，是为了避免重复，也可以不省略⑿在街道，广场，公园，车站，机场，桥梁，大学，杂志名称前⒀专有名词前一般不用冠词，但有时可以加定冠词或不定冠词，表示“一时的…”或“一种新的…”【英语常识】不定冠词a和an的用法不定冠词有两个：a 和an。
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英文名詞A 按章分類排序1機構學2極限與配合3疲勞強度4可靠性5振動與衝擊6摩擦學7螺紋連接8軸上零件9鍵連接10銷釘連接11聯軸器12離合器13制動器14滑動軸承15滾動軸承16彈簧17傳動一般18齒輪傳動19傳動裝置20錐齒輪傳動21諧波傳動22蝸杆傳動23帶傳動24鏈傳動25其他零件1機構學機構學theory of mechanisms機構mechanism機器machine機械machinery構件link主動件driving link從動件driven運動副kinematic pair鉸鏈連接hinge, pilot pin joint複合鉸鏈compound hinges, multiple hinges運動鏈kinematic chain低副lower pair高副higher pair自由度degree of freedom虛約束redundant constraint, passive constraint機構簡圖schematic diagram of mechanism機構運動簡圖kinematic diagram of mechanism機構綜合synthesis of mechanism機構運動學kinematics of mechanism速比velocity ratio of link傳動比transmission ratio速度瞬心instantaneous center of velocity機械動力學dynamics of machinery驅動力driving force擾動力perturbed force工作阻力effective resistance靜載荷static load動載荷dynamic load離心力centrifugal force作用力active force, applied force反作用力reaction等效力equivalent force力矩moment力偶couple力偶矩moment of couple力平衡equilibrium扭矩torque, torsional moment等效力矩equivalent moment效率efficiency等效構件equivalent link等效品質equivalent mass轉動慣量moment of inertia慣性積product of inertia極轉動慣量polar moment of inertia回轉半徑radius of gyration飛輪flywheel調速器governor, speed regulator轉子的靜平衡static balance of rotor轉子的動平衡dynamic balance of rotor平衡品質balancing mass質徑積mass-radius product連續系統continuous system離散系統discrete system變質量系統variable mass system連杆機構linkage mechanism連架杆side link曲柄crank連杆coupler, floating link搖杆rocker滑塊slider導杆guide bar, guide link四杆機構four-bar mechanism曲柄搖杆機構crank-rocker mechanism曲柄滑塊機構slider- crank mechanism平面鉸鏈四杆機構planar pivot four-bar mechanism球面鉸鏈四杆機構spherical pivot four-bar mechanism對心曲柄滑塊機構centric slider-crank mechanism偏置曲柄滑塊機構offset slider-crank mechanism偏心輪機構eccentric mechanism急回運動機構quick-return mechanism行程速度變化係數coefficient of travel speed variation, advance- to-return time ratio 击輪cam盤形击輪plate cam, disk cam移動击輪translating cam击輪從動件cam follower直動從動件translating follower击輪理論輪廓cam pitch curve击輪工作輪廓cam contour, cam profile回程return travel推程rise travel回程運動角motion angle for return travel推程運動角motion angle for rise travel近休止角nearest dwell angle遠休止角farthest dwell angle等速運動軌跡constant velocity motion curve 余弦加速度運動軌跡cosine acceleration motion curve 正弦加速度運動軌跡sine acceleration motion curve 螺旋機構crew mechanism差動螺旋機構differential screw mechanism自鎖機構self-locking mechanism間歇運動機構intermittent mechanism步進機構step mechanism不完全齒輪機構incomplete gear mechanism非圓齒輪機構non-circular gear mechanism槽輪機構geneva mechanism棘爪pawl棘輪ratchet棘輪機構ratchet mechanism擒縱機構escapement差動機構differential mechanism瞬心線機構centrode mechanism2極限與配合尺寸偏差deviation基本尺寸basic size極限尺寸limits of size上偏差upper deviation實際尺寸actual size下偏差lower deviation最大極限尺寸maximum limits of size最小極限尺寸minimum limits of size間隙配合clearance fit過盈配合interference fit過渡配合transition fit公差帶tolerance zone基孔制hole basic system基軸制shaft basic system3疲勞強度高周疲勞high-cycle fatigue低周疲勞low-cycle fatigue接觸疲勞contact fatigue迴圈載荷cyclic loading隨機載荷random loading恒幅載荷constant loading變幅載荷variable amplitude loading最大應力maximum stress最小應力minimum stress平均應力mean stress應力幅stress amplitude迴圈特性stress ratio脈動迴圈pulsation cycle對稱迴圈symmetry cycle疲勞強度fatigue strength疲勞極限fatigue limit應力集中stress concentration有效應力集中係數effective stress concentration factor 無限壽命設計infinite life design有限壽命設計finite life design尺寸係數size factor表面加工係數surface machining factor疲勞積累損傷cumulative fatigue damage載荷譜loading spectrum斷裂力學fracture mechanics4可靠性可靠性reliability失效failure浴盆曲線bathtub curve故障fault概率密度函數probability density function5振動與衝擊振動vibration週期振動periodic vibration簡諧振動simple harmonic vibration隨機振動random vibration雜訊noise瞬態振動transient vibration穩態振動steady-state vibration受迫振動forced vibration縱向振動longitudinal vibration彎曲振動bending vibration扭轉振動torsional vibration自激振動self-excited vibration非線性振動non-linear vibration振動模態modal of vibration共振resonance振型mode shape耦合振型coupled modes共振頻率resonance frequency阻尼damping衝擊shock衝擊脈衝shock pulse機械衝擊mechanical shock衝擊波shock wave衝擊回應譜shock response spectrum衝擊回應譜shock spectrum6摩擦學摩擦學tribology摩擦friction磨損wear潤滑lubrication摩擦係數friction coefficient當量摩擦係數equivalent coefficient of friction 流體摩擦fluid friction幹摩擦dry friction邊界摩擦boundary lubrication摩擦材料friction material燒結金屬sintered metalic material金屬陶瓷ceramic friction material機械磨損mechanical wear機械化學磨損mechano-chemical wear磨料磨損abrasion, abrasive wear氣蝕磨損cavitation wear黏著磨損adhesion wear剝落spalling塗抹smearing擦傷scratching咬死seizure氧化磨損oxidative接觸疲勞contact fatigue點蝕pitting微動磨損fretting wear磨合磨損running-in wear磨損率wear rate耐磨性wear resistance黏度viscosity黏彈性visco-elasticity稠度consistency錐入度penetration流變學rheology牛頓流體Newtonian fluid雷諾方程Reynolds’ equation軸承特性係數bearing characteristic number索默菲德數Sommerfeld number氣體潤滑gas lubrication液體潤滑fluid lubrication固體潤滑solid-film lubrication液體動力潤滑hydrodynamic lubrication液體靜力潤滑hydrostatic lubrication彈性流體動力潤滑elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication 磁流體動力潤滑magneto-hydrodynamic lubrication 極壓潤滑extreme-pressure lubrication連續潤滑continuous lubrication間歇潤滑periodical lubrication迴圈潤滑circulating lubrication油浴潤滑bath lubrication油霧潤滑mist lubrication油環潤滑oil-ring lubrication油墊潤滑pad lubrication潤滑劑lubricant添加劑additive7螺紋連接緊固件fastener螺旋線helix螺紋screw thread圓柱螺紋parallel screw thread圓錐螺紋taper screw thread外螺紋external thread內螺紋internal thread單線螺紋single-start thread多線螺紋multi-start thread右旋螺紋right-hand thread左旋螺紋left-hand thread自攻螺紋tapping screw thread基本牙型basic profile牙型角thread angle牙型半形half of thread angle公稱直徑nominal diameter螺紋大徑major diameter螺紋小徑minor diameter螺紋中徑pitch diameter螺距pitch螺紋導程lead螺紋升角lead angle螺紋牙厚thread ridge thickness螺紋槽寬thread groove width螺紋旋合長度length of thread engagement螺紋接觸高度thread contact height螺距偏差deviation in pitch螺距累積誤差cumulative error in pitch螺栓bolt雙頭螺柱stud六角頭螺栓hexagon bolt地腳螺栓foundation boltT形螺栓T-head bolt , hammer head bolt螺釘screw緊定螺釘set screw自攻螺釘tapping screw吊環螺釘lifting eye bolt開槽圓柱頭螺釘slotted cheese head screw開槽盤頭螺釘slotted pan head screw開槽沉頭螺釘slotted countersunk (flat) head screw開槽半沉頭螺釘slotted raised countersunk (oval) head screw開槽圓頭螺釘slotted round head screw內六角圓柱頭螺釘hexagon socket head cap head screw內六角沉頭螺釘hexagon socket countersunk head cap head screw 十字槽盤頭螺釘cross recessed pan head screw十字槽沉頭螺釘cross recessed countersunk head screw螺母nut六角螺母hexagon nut方螺母square nut圓螺母round nut滾花高螺母knurled nut with collar翼形螺母wing nut吊環螺母lifting nut墊圈washer平墊圈plain washer方墊圈square washer with round hole彈性墊圈spring washer彈簧墊圈helical spring lock washer外齒鎖緊墊圈external teeth lock washer內齒鎖緊墊圈internal teeth lock washer單耳止動墊圈tab washer with long tab雙耳止動墊圈tab washer with long tab and wing外舌止動墊圈external tab washer內舌止動墊圈internal tab washer8軸上零件軸肩擋圈ring for shoulder軸端擋圈lock ring at the end of shaft彈性擋圈snap ring鋼絲擋圈round wire9鍵連接鍵key花鍵spline鍵槽key way平鍵flat key普通平鍵general flat key導向平鍵feather key ,dive key滑鍵feather key半圓鍵woodruff key楔鍵taper key鉤頭楔鍵gib-head taper key切向鍵tangential key矩形花鍵rectangle spline漸開線花鍵involute spline10銷釘連接銷pin圓柱銷cylindrical pin, straight pin圓錐銷conical pin , taper pin彈性圓柱銷spring-type straight pin ,spring pin開尾圓錐銷taper pin with split槽銷grooved pin銷軸clevis pin with head開口銷cotter pin ,split pin安全銷safety pin快卸銷quick-release pin11聯軸器聯軸器coupling剛性聯軸器Rigid coupling套筒聯軸器sleeve coupling击緣聯軸器flange coupling夾殼聯軸器split coupling齒式聯軸器gear coupling十字滑塊聯軸器Oldham coupling滑塊聯軸器NZ clao type coupling鏈條聯軸器chain coupling萬向聯軸器universal joint球籠式同步萬向聯軸器synchronizing universal coupling with ball and sacker 彈性聯軸器resilient shaft coupling簧片聯軸器flat spring coupling蛇形彈簧聯軸器serpentine steel flex coupling波紋管聯軸器coupling with corrugated pipe牙嵌式聯軸器jaw and toothed coupling膜片聯軸器diaphragm coupling非金屬彈性元件聯軸器coupling with non-metallic elastic element 輪胎式聯軸器coupling with rubber type element橡膠板聯軸器coupling with rubber plates彈性套柱銷聯軸器pin coupling with elastic sleeves梅花形彈性聯軸器coupling with elastic spider彈性柱銷齒式聯軸器elastic pin coupling12離合器離合器clutch操縱離合器controlled clutch自控離合器auto-controlled clutch機械離合器mechanically controlled clutch電磁離合器electromagnetic clutch超越離合器overrunning clutch滾柱離合器roller clutch楔塊離合器sprag clutch離心離合器centrifugal clutch安全離合器safety clutch單向離合器one-way clutch雙作用離合器dual clutch同步離合器synchro clutch牙嵌式離合器Jaw clutch摩擦式離合器friction clutch閘帶離合器brake-band clutch磁粉離合器magnetic powder clutch接合過程（離合器）engaging(clutch)接合時間（離合器）engaging time(clutch)分離時間（離合器）disengaging time (clutch)13制動器制動器brake牙嵌式制動器Jaw brake帶式制動器band brake塊式制動器block brake摩擦制動器friction brake非摩擦制動器non-friction brake常開制動器normally disengaged brake常閉制動器normally engaged brake電磁渦流制動器electromagnetic whirlpool brake磁滯制動器magnetic remanence brake制動襯片brake lining制動塊brake piece制動鼓brake drum制動蹄brake shoe制動瓦shoes of brakes14滑動軸承軸承bearing滑動軸承plain bearing, sliding-contact bearing 整體式滑動軸承solid bearing剖分式滑動軸承split plain bearing徑向滑動軸承plain purnal bearing止推滑動軸承plain thrust bearing徑向－止推滑動軸承thrust-purnal bearing液體動壓滑動軸承hydrodynamic bearing液體靜壓滑動軸承hydrostatic bearing氣體靜壓滑動軸承aerodynamic bearing固體潤滑滑動軸承bearing with solid lubricant自潤滑滑動軸承self-lubricating bearing多孔質滑動軸承porous bearing磁力滑動軸承magnetic bearing靜電軸承electrostatic bearing自動調心滑動軸承plain self-aligning bearing浮環滑動軸承floating bearing可傾瓦塊滑動軸承tilting-pad bearing橢圓滑動軸承elliptic bearing粉末冶金滑動軸承powder metallurgy bearing多楔滑動軸承lobed plain bearing多油楔滑動軸承multi-oil wedge bearing塑膠軸承plastic bearing寶石軸承jewel bearing橡膠軸承rubber bearing多油葉滑動軸承bobed bearing軸頸journal軸瓦liner軸承襯bearing liner軸套bearing bush油槽oil groove油孔oil hole油道oil duct油腔oil recess, oil pocket封油面land補償器（靜壓軸承〕compensator (hydrostatic bearing)節流器（靜壓軸承〕restrictor (hydrostatic bearing)減磨軸承材料anti-friction bearing material燒結軸承材料sintered bearing material複合軸承材料compost bearing material自潤滑軸承材料self-lubricating bearing material摩擦相容性frictional conpatibility摩擦順應性frictional conformability嵌入性embeddability磨合性running-in ability相對耐磨性relative wear resitance軸承徑向載荷bearing radial load軸承軸向載荷bearing axial load軸承潤滑油流量oil flow in bearing軸心軌跡locus of journal bearing磨損度wear intensity軸承承載能力bearing load carrying capacity 偏心率relative eccentricity偏位角attitude angle楔效應wedge effect擠壓效應squeeze effect軸承壓強bearing mean specific load臨界油膜厚度oil film critical thickness油膜剛度oil film stiffness油膜振盪oil whirl氣膜振盪gas whirl15滾動軸承滾動軸承rolling bearing單列軸承single row bearing雙列軸承double row bearing裝滿滾動體的軸承full complement bearing角接觸軸承angular contact bearing調心軸承self-aligning bearing剖分軸承split bearing密封圈軸承sealed bearing防塵蓋軸承shielded bearing預潤滑軸承prelubricated bearing儀器精密軸承instrument precision bearing錐孔軸承tapered bore bearing击緣軸承flanged bearing推力軸承thrust bearing角接觸推力軸承angular contact bearing單向推力軸承single direction thrust bearing 雙向推力軸承double direction thrust bearing 直線（運動）軸承linear (motion) bearing球軸承ball bearing向心球軸承redial bearing深溝球軸承deep groove ball bearing裝填槽球軸承filling slot balll bearing四點接觸軸承four-point contact ball bearing 滾子軸承roller bearing向心滾子軸承radial roller bearing圓柱滾子軸承cylindrical roller bearing圓錐滾子軸承tapered roller bearing滾針軸承needle roller bearing調心滾子軸承self-aligning roller bearing交叉滾子軸承crossed roller bearing軸承套圈bearing ring內圈inner ring外圈outer ring止動環locating snap ring鎖圈retaining snap ring密封圈seal (bearing)防塵蓋shield (bearing)滾動體rolling element滾針needle roller保持架cage成對安裝（滾動軸承）paired mounting (rolling bearing)背對背配置（滾動軸承）back to back arrangement (rolling bearing) 面對面配置（滾動軸承）face to face arrangement (rolling bearing) 軸承系列（滾動軸承）bearing series (rolling bearing)尺寸系列（滾動軸承）dimension series (rolling bearing)直徑系列（滾動軸承）diameter series (rolling bearing)寬度系列（滾動軸承）width series (rolling bearing)高度系列（滾動軸承）height series (rolling bearing)外形尺寸（滾動軸承）boundary dimension (rolling bearing)軸承寬度bearing width軸承內徑bearing bore diameter軸承外徑bearing outside diameter靜載荷static load動載荷dynamic load擺動載荷oscillating load變載荷fluctuating load當量載荷equivalent load額定壽命rating life基本額定壽命basic rating life修正額定壽命adjusted rating life徑向載荷係數radial load factor軸向載荷係數axial load factor壽命係數life factor速度係數speed factor16彈簧彈簧spring螺旋彈簧helical spring圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧cylindrical helical compression spring圓柱螺旋拉伸彈簧cylindrical helical tension spring圓柱螺旋扭轉彈簧cylindrical helical torsion spring不等節距圓柱螺旋彈簧variable pitch cylindrical helical spring多股螺旋彈簧stranded wire helical spring密圈螺旋彈簧tightly coiled helical spring截錐螺旋彈簧conical spring截錐渦卷彈簧volute spring平面渦卷彈簧spiral spring碟形彈簧belleville spring環形彈簧ring spring板彈簧leaf spring等剛度彈簧constant rate (stiffness) spring變剛度彈簧variable rate (stiffness) spring組合彈簧combined spring片彈簧flat spring橡膠彈簧rubber spring空氣彈簧air spring節距(彈簧) pitch (spring)自由高度(彈簧) free height (spring)工作高度(彈簧) working height (spring)工作載荷specified load極限載荷ultimate load總圈數total number of coils有效圈數effective coil number極限高度height under ultimate load彈簧中徑mean diameter of coil旋繞比(彈簧) spring index (spring)曲度係數(彈簧) curvature correction factor (spring)高徑比(彈簧) slender ratio (spring)壓並載荷(彈簧) solid load (spring)壓並高度(彈簧) solid height (spring)扭轉角torsion angle彈簧柔度flexibility of spring17傳動一般傳動裝置transmission, driving傳動比speed ratio, transmission ratio增速比speed increasing ratio減速比speed reducing ratio無級變速infinitely variable speed減速器speed reducer18齒輪傳動齒輪傳動gear drive齒輪gear平行軸齒輪傳動gear drive with parallel axes相交軸齒輪傳動gear drive with intersecting axes交錯軸齒輪傳動gear drive with non-parallel non-intersecting axes小齒輪pinion大齒輪wheel, gear主動齒輪driving gear從動齒輪driven gear外齒輪external gear內齒輪internal gear中心距center distance齒數比gear ratio連心線line of centers軸交角shaft angle軸平面axial plane基準平面datum plane法平面normal plane基本齒廓basic rack tooth profile 基本齒條basic rack產形齒條counterpart rack輪齒gear teeth齒槽tooth space左旋齒left-hand teeth右旋齒right-hand teeth齒面tooth flank同側齒面corresponding flanks異側齒面opposite flanks工作齒面working flank非工作齒面non-working flank相嚙合齒面mating flank共軛齒面conjugate flank齒根過渡曲面fillet齒頂crest齒槽底面bottom land齒廓tooth profile端面齒廓transverse profile法向齒廓normal profile軸向齒廓axial profile背錐齒廓back cone tooth profile 漸開線齒廓involute profile直線齒廓straight-side profile擺線齒廓cycloidal profile圓弧齒廓circular arc profile共軛齒廓conjugate profile齒高tooth depth齒頂高addendum齒根高dedendum弦齒高chordal height齒寬facewidth齒厚tooth thickness模數module端面模數transverse module法向模數normal module軸向模數axial module徑節diametral pitch節徑pitch diameter齒數number of teeth當量齒數virtual number of teeth頭數number of threads圓柱螺旋線circular helix圓錐螺旋線conical spiral螺旋角helix angle導程lead導程角lead angle阿基米德螺線Archimedes spiral擺線cycloid長幅擺線prolate cycloid短幅擺線curtate cycloid外擺線epicycloid長幅外擺線prolate epicycloid短幅外擺線curtate epicycloid內擺線hypocycloid漸開線involute延伸漸開線prolate involute縮短漸開線curtate involute球面漸開線spherical involute阿基米德螺旋面screw helicoid球面漸開螺旋面spherical involute helicoid 圓環面toroid干涉interference齒廓修形profile modification修緣tip relie齒向修形axial modification齒端修薄end relief鼓形齒crowned teeth根切（挖根）undercut嚙合engagement嚙合線path of contact端面嚙合線transverse path of contact 嚙合曲面surface of action作用角angle of transmission總作用角total angle of transmission作用弧overlap arc總作用弧total overlap arc端面重合度transverse contact ratio縱向重合度overlap ratio重合度contact ratio標準中心距reference center distance名義中心距nominal center distance徑向變位addendum modification正變位positive addendum modification負變位negative addendum modification非變位齒輪X-zero gear變位齒輪gear with addendum modification徑向變位量addendum modification (for external gears)徑向變位係數addendum modification coefficient變位齒輪副X-gear pair, modified gear pair角變位齒輪副gear pair with modified center distance正角變位齒輪副gear pair with positive modified center distance 負角變位齒輪副gear pair with negative modified center distance 高變位齒輪副gear pair with reference center distance中心距變動係數center distance modification coefficient傳動誤差transmission error傳動精度transmission accuracy齒輪承載能力load capacity of gears圓柱齒輪cylindrical gear齒條rack當量齒輪virtual gear直齒輪spur gear斜齒輪helical gear交錯軸斜齒輪副crossed helical gear pair人字齒輪herringbone gear ,double helical gear漸開線圓柱齒輪involute cylindrical gear圓弧圓柱齒輪circular-arc gear單圓弧齒輪single-circular-arc gear雙圓弧齒輪double-circular-arc gear分度圓柱面reference cylinder基圓base circle分度圓reference circle節圓pitch circle齒頂圓tip circle齒根圓root circle分度圓螺旋線reference helix節圓螺旋線pitch helix基圓螺旋線base helix齒距pitch軸向齒距axial pitch法向齒距normal pitch公法線長度base tangent length分度圓直徑reference diameter齒根圓直徑root diameter齒頂圓直徑tip diameter節圓直徑pitch diameter齒根圓角半徑fillet radius端面齒厚transverse tooth thickness法向齒厚normal tooth thickness端面弦齒厚transverse chordal tooth thickness法向弦齒厚normal chordal tooth thickness齒槽寬spacewidth齒厚tooth thickness齒厚半形tooth thickness half angle端面壓力角transverse pressure angle法向壓力角normal pressure angle壓力角pressure angle齒形角normal pressure angle嚙合角working pressure angle頂隙bottom clearance圓周側隙circumferential backlash法向側隙normal backlash19傳動裝置行星齒輪planet gear行星架planet carrier中心輪center gear太陽輪sun gear內齒輪ring gear單級行星齒輪系single planetary gear train多級行星齒輪系multiple-planetary gear train組合行星齒輪系compound planetary gear train行星齒輪系planetary gear train均載機構load balancing mechanism偏心元件eccentric element輸出機構output mechanism少齒差行星齒輪傳動機構planetary gear drive mechanism with small teeth difference擺線少齒差傳動cycloidal drive with small teeth difference活齒少齒差齒輪副oscillating tooth gear pair with small teeth difference 滾珠活齒ball oscillating teeth推杆活齒push-rod oscillating teeth擺線針輪減速器cycloidal-pin gear speed reducer針齒輪pin wheel外齒針齒輪external pin wheel內齒針齒輪internal pin wheel外擺線的等距曲線equidistant curve of epicycloid長幅外擺線的等距曲線equidistant curve of prolate epicycloid內擺線的等距曲線equidistant curve of epicycloid短幅外擺線的等距曲線equidistant curve of curtate hypocycloid發生圓柱面generating cylinder發生圓直徑generating diameter20錐齒輪傳動錐齒輪bevel gear直齒錐齒輪straight bevel gear雙曲面齒輪副hypoid gear冠輪crown gear端面齒輪contrate gear弧齒錐齒輪spiral gear擺線齒錐齒輪epicycloid gear平頂齒輪bevel gear wuth 90 face angle正交錐齒輪bevel gear with axes at right angles斜交錐齒輪angular bevel gear左旋錐齒輪left-hand spiral bevel gear右旋錐齒輪right-hand spiral bevel gear直線齒廓錐齒輪bevel gear with straight tooth profile圓弧齒廓錐齒輪bevel gear with circular arc tooth profile正常錐度齒錐齒輪bevel gear with standard taoered tooth profile 雙重錐度齒錐齒輪bevel gear with circular arc tooth profile等高齒弧齒錐齒輪spiral gear with duplex tapered teeth根錐頂點root apex斜齒錐齒輪skew [helical] bevel gear曲線齒錐齒輪curved tooth bevel gear節圓錐面pitch cone齒根圓錐面root cone分度圓錐面reference cone背錐面back cone前錐面front cone中間錐面middle cone分錐頂點reference cone apex軸線交點crossing point of axes公共錐頂common apex錐距outer cone distance內錐距inner cone distance中點錐距back cone distance偏置距offset分度圓錐角reference cone angle節圓錐角pitch angle頂圓錐角tip angle根圓錐角root angle背錐角back cone angle齒頂角addenddum angle齒根角dedendum anle產形齒面generating flank凹面concave side击面convex side21諧波齒輪傳動諧波齒輪傳動harmonic gear drive波發生器wave generator柔性齒輪flexible gear, flexpline波數wave number波高wave height畸變distortion空程lost motion跳齒現象slippage phenomenon齧入approach, engaging-in齧出recess, engaging-out嚙合區tone of meshing, region of engagement諧波齒輪減速器harmonic gear reducer徑向諧波齒輪傳動harmonic gear drive with radial gear meshng端面諧波齒輪傳動harmonic gear drive with transverse gear meshng單級諧波齒輪傳動single-stage harmonic gear drive多級諧波齒輪傳動multiple-stage harmonic gear drive波發生器長軸major axis of wave generator波發生器短軸minor axis of wave generator22蝸杆傳動蝸杆worm蝸輪worm wheel圓柱蝸杆cylindrical worm環面蝸杆toroid worm, enveloping worm錐蝸杆spiroid錐蝸輪spiroid gear標準圓柱蝸杆傳動standard gears for cylindrical worm gear變位圓柱蝸杆傳動profile shifted gears for cylindrical worm gear單導程圓柱蝸杆cylindrical worm雙導程圓柱蝸杆dual lead cylindrical worm阿基米德蝸杆straight sided axial worm漸開線蝸杆involute helicoid worm法向直廓蝸杆straight sided normal worm錐麵包絡圓柱蝸杆milled helicoid worm圓弧圓柱蝸杆hollow flank worm直廓環面蝸杆toroid enveloping worm with straight line generatrix漸開麵包絡環面蝸杆toroid enveloping worm with involute helicoid generatrix錐麵包絡環面蝸杆toroid enveloping worm with cone generatrix 中間平面mid plane軸交角shaft angle蝸輪節圓pitch circle of wormwheel蝸杆頭數number of threads of worm蝸杆旋向hands of worm咽喉面gorge喉圓gorge circle蝸輪軸平面axial plane of wormwheel蝸輪端平面transverse plane of wormwheel23帶傳動帶傳動belt drive平帶傳動flat belt driveV帶傳動V-belt drive圓帶傳動round belt drive同步帶傳動synchronous belt drive開口傳動open-belt drive交叉傳動cross-belt drive半交叉傳動quarter-twist belt drive角度傳動angle drive主動帶輪driving pulley從動帶輪driven pulley塔輪step pulley錐輪cone pulley導輪idler pulley張緊輪tension pulley帶長belt length包角angle of contact滑動率sliding speed初拉力initial tension緊邊拉力tight side tension松邊拉力slack side tension有效拉力effective tension離心拉力centrifugal tension皮革平帶leather belt普通平帶conventional belt編織平帶cotton belt普通V帶classical V-belt窄V帶narrow V-belt寬V帶wide V-belt聯組V帶joined V-belt雙面V帶double V-belt多楔帶poly V-belt基準寬度datum width基準直徑datum diameter有效寬度effective width有效直徑effective diameter基準圓周長datum circumference有效圓周長effective circumference節寬pitch width基準線差datum line differential有效線差effective line differential24鏈傳動鏈傳動chain transmission鏈條chain滾子鏈roller chain單排滾子鏈simplex roller chain雙排滾子鏈duplex roller chain三排滾子鏈triplex roller chain多排滾子鏈multiplex roller chain彎板鏈cranked link chain套筒鏈bush chain板式鏈leaf chain塊鏈block chain齒形鏈inverted tooth chain平頂鏈hinge type flattop chain傳動鏈transmission chain輸送鏈conveyor chain內鏈節inner link外鏈節outer link聯接鏈節connecting link鏈板link plate25其他零件銷軸pin實心銷軸solid pin空心銷軸hollow pin鏈輪chainwheel, sprocket導軌guide rail螺旋傳動screw drive滾珠絲杠ball screw螺杆screw滾珠絲杠ball screw摩擦輪傳動friction wheel drive21。