how-to-fight-a-price-war
发生战争如何翻身英文作文
发生战争如何翻身英文作文英文回答：When it comes to the topic of war, the notion of "turning it around" can be interpreted in multiple ways. On the one hand, it could refer to the aftermath of a conflict and the challenges involved in rebuilding and reconciling after a period of violence and destruction. On the other hand, it could also relate to the actions taken during awar to mitigate its impact on individuals and communities.In the aftermath of war, turning it around involves addressing the physical and emotional scars left by the conflict. Rebuilding infrastructure, providing medical care, and establishing social support systems are crucial in ensuring the well-being of survivors and rebuilding a sense of normalcy. Furthermore, addressing the psychological trauma caused by war through counseling and other forms of therapy is essential for promoting healing and reconciliation.During a war, turning it around can be achieved through various measures aimed at minimizing the suffering and destruction caused by the conflict. Implementing protocols for the protection of civilians, respecting international humanitarian law, and seeking diplomatic solutions to end the hostilities are vital in mitigating the human cost of war. Additionally, providing humanitarian aid to those affected by the fighting and promoting access to basic necessities such as food, water, and shelter can help alleviate the hardship faced by people caught in the midst of conflict.It is important to recognize that turning a war around is a complex and multifaceted endeavor that requires a concerted effort from multiple actors, including governments, international organizations, and civil society groups. Collaboration and coordination are essential in ensuring that resources are allocated effectively and that the needs of those affected by the conflict are met.中文回答：战争爆发后如何翻身是一个需要从多方面考虑的问题。
How to Avoid a Price War (1)
How to Avoid a Price WarRobert Garda, Wall Street JournalFriday's announcement that United Airlines and Delta Airlines will match NorthwestAirlines' summer fare discounts is just the latest in a rash of price wars that seem tobe breaking out everywhere. From airlines, to disk drives, to cigarettes, neither service nor retail businesses are immune.On rare occasions, a company will intentionally embark on a price war as part ofa sound strategy. For instance, a company invests in a new technology thatslashes costs and then lowers prices to gain market share. But very few price warsget started so thoughtfully and intentionally. More often, companies stumble into a price war minefield, victims of a misreading of competitors or market changes,or overreactions to them. All too often, this kind of price war has no real winner,except the customer. And even the consumer can lose in the long term, as the combatants are weakened by the battle.While most executives understand how price wars can kill profits in the short term,they often don't realize how devastating and prolonged the damage can be.Profits are sensitive to even slight declines in average price levels. If you're facingaverage profit margins of 8%, then a mere 1% drop in average prices decreasesyour operating profit by more than 11%, assuming no increase in volume. Furthermore, price advantages are usually short-lived. Lowering the price is the easiest strategy for a competitor to follow, so a reduction often means that competitors maintain their traditional market shares at lower price levels. In a recent skirmish in book retailing, a leading company discounted prices by 10%, and major competitors allowed only one day to pass before matching the discount.Customer perceptions of acceptable prices, however, are not short-lived. Ideasabout the right price for a product or service linger long after a price war. Airlineswidely offered $199 round-trip flights from New York to Los Angeles for the first time in years following last summer's air-fare battle. Tens of thousands of travelers now have it etched in their minds that $199 is the right price for that trip -- and probably won't make it again until fares return to that level.Finally, the industry "shakeouts" that combatants in price wars hope for seldomoccur. The competitors in a segment of the electric equipment industry carried ona price war for five years, each enduring huge annual losses -- but not a single competitor was forced out of business.If price wars can inflict such damage, why is it that so many companies find themselves engaged in one? Companies often overlook the qualifiers and limitations of competitors' price deals. Price feedback usually comes from the field in this form: "Competitor X is selling at price Y and we need to match that price." Other important information, like "Price Y is only good for two days, only for select qualified distributors, and only in truckload quantities," may be entirely missed. The misreading company then matches price Y without any of the limitations, and the price war begins.Misconstruing the reasons behind a competitor's price cuts may also lead to misconceived price wars. A packaged food supplier recently had excess inventory of a particular package size that was being eliminated. It discounted the price on these obsolete items to empty the pipeline. A competitor misread the intention of the price cut, assumed that it represented a strategic repositioning, and reacted with a deep cut of its own. If this competitor had not reacted with its own price cut, prices would have returned to normal once the obsolete inventory was depleted. Instead, a severe price war erupted and industry profits for the year were wiped out.The final common mistake that companies make is a failure to seek a premium price for a new or improved product. If a company does not charge a higher price for superior benefits, competitors will be forced to lower prices to keep product values in balance. Goodyear was smart in charging a premium price for its superior new rain tire; it even gained market share.Here are some rules for avoiding costly price wars:∙Avoid misreadings and overreactions. A clear understanding of the qualifiers and comparability of competitive price moves often comes from a salesforce that is well-trained in price intelligence, and from detailed tracking of competitive prices by customer group and region. If a price response isnecessary, savvy companies will respond with a less visible lever, such asterms, rebates, or freight allowances that don't appear on the invoice. They also make the response as limited as possible in terms of geography, time,and products. For example, RJR Nabisco's recent response to Philip Morris'recent price cut is effective for only 30 days.∙Communicate price early. There are laws against communications whose sole purpose is to provide price information to competitors. But it possible to minimize the likelihood that your customers, competitors, and salespeoplewill misread your price level or the reasons behind a price move. If you find yourself taking action that might be construed as a severe price reduction,be sure to include in normal price communications a clear description of all the qualifiers and limitations and, if appropriate, the motive. "Jawboning"price stability in speeches and publications can help, too.Encourage constructive rather than destructive competition. Industries and companies that avoid price wars keep their customers focused ondifferences in benefits rather than price. A very successful medical supplies company reacts to every price cut by increasing benefits, such as servicelevels or speed of delivery.A colleague recently summed up the all-consuming price war by likening it to heart disease. Like a price war, heart disease can kill unless you check the risk by the way you behave from day to day. You increase your risk of a widespread price war with every misreading, overreaction and failure to charge an adequate premium for superior benefits.Mr. Garda is a partner in the Cleveland office of McKinsey & Co.。
战胜敌人的英文短语
战胜敌人的英文短语1.Rise above your enemies2.Conquer your adversaries3.Defeat your foes4.Overcome your rivals5.Triumph over your opponents6.Vanquish your competition7.Prevail against your enemies8.Crush your opposition9.Outsmart and outplay your adversaries10.Master your enemies11.Dominate your challengers12.Outwit and overcome your foes13.Outmaneuver your rivals14.Surpass and subdue your opposition15.Outshine and overpower your opponents16.Overwhelm your competition17.Triumphant against all odds18.Prevailing against the odds19.Emerging victorious from the battle20.Conquering all obstacles21.The triumph of perseverance22.Conquer your fears23.Overcome all obstacles24.Rise above adversity25.Defeat the enemy within26.Unleash your inner warrior27.Conquer the battlefield of life28.Victory through determination29.Conquer the impossible30.Defy the odds31.Outsmart and overcome32.Prepared to conquer33.March to victory34.Overwhelm with strength35.Dare to be victorious36.Break the chains of defeat37.Chase victory with tenacity38.Slay every challenge39.Crush your adversaries40.Embrace the fight for success41.Stay strong and keep fighting.42.Rise above your fears and beat the enemy.43.Believe in yourself and conquer the enemy.44.Never back down, never surrender.45.Face the enemy head-on and emerge victorious.46.Defeat is not an option; victory is inevitable.47.Outsmart, outplay, and outlast the enemy.48.Find inner strength to overcome any adversary.49.Push through the obstacles and triumph over the enemy.50.Conquer your fears and annihilate the enemy.51.Unleash your potential and crush the opposition.52.Persevere through the battle and emerge as a conqueror.53.Break the chains of defeat and emerge triumphant.54.Overcome all odds and emerge as the victor.55.Fight with determination and emerge as the ultimate champion.56.Embrace challenges and defeat the enemy with resilience.57.Master the art of warfare and emerge victorious.58.Harness your courage and overthrow the enemy.59.Transform adversity into triumph and conquer the enemy.60.Surpass limitations and vanquish the enemy with strength.61.Stand tall and fearless62.Rise above the challenges63.Conquer your fears64.Defy the odds65.Break free from limitations66.Never back down67.Defeat the enemy within68.Be the master of your destiny69.Embrace the battle70.Face adversity head-on71.Conquer with courage72.Forge your own path73.Overcome the impossible74.Leave no room for defeat75.Prove your strength76.Push past your limits77.Become a warrior of positivity78.Crush the opposition79.Exceed all expectations80.Emerging victorious81.Be assertive and take control82.Stay focused and determined83.Embrace challenges and overcome them84.Adapt to changes and learn from them85.Believe in yourself and your abilities86.Never give up, keep pushing forward87.Face your fears and conquer them88.Stay positive and maintain a winning mindset89.Strive for excellence and surpass expectations90.Be resilient and bounce back from setbacks91.Think outside the box and find unique solutions92.Surround yourself with supportive people93.Set clear goals and work towards them94.Learn from past mistakes and improve95.Take calculated risks and seize opportunities96.Stay motivated and inspired97.Stay disciplined and committed98.Challenge the status quo and break boundaries99.Stay organized and manage your time effectively 100.Celebrate victories, no matter how small101.Defeating the enemy one step at a time.102.Overcoming obstacles on the path to victory. 103.Conquering adversity and emerging triumphant. 104.Mastering the art of defeating opponents. 105.Outsmarting the enemy is the key to success. 106.Defeating the odds and proving everyone wrong. 107.Breaking through barriers and achieving victory. 108.Never giving up until the enemy is vanquished.109.Finding strength in unity to conquer the enemy.110.Fighting with valor and defeating all challengers.111.Strategizing and outmaneuvering the enemy.112.Turning setbacks into opportunities for victory.113.Pushing the limits and overcoming the enemy.114.Unleashing the full force of determination to defeat the enemy.115.Challenging the enemy head-on and emerging victorious.116.Learning from defeat to secure victory over the enemy.117.Rising above the enemy's tactics and emerging triumphant.118.Staying focused and determined to overcome the enemy.119.Harnessing inner strength to defeat the toughest adversaries.120.Showing no mercy and annihilating the enemy.。
如何应对贩卖战争英语作文
如何应对贩卖战争英语作文英文，As a global issue, the trafficking of war has become a serious problem that affects many countries and regions. It is important for us to address this issue and take action to combat it. There are several ways to respond to the trafficking of war.Firstly, raising awareness is crucial. We can educate people about the consequences of supporting the trafficking of war, and the impact it has on innocent civilians and communities. By spreading awareness through social media, community events, and educational programs, we can encourage people to think twice before engaging in such activities.Secondly, we need to strengthen international cooperation to combat the trafficking of war. This includes working with other countries, organizations, and law enforcement agencies to share information, intelligence, and resources to disrupt and dismantle the networksinvolved in the trafficking of war. By collaborating on a global scale, we can make it more difficult for traffickers to operate and increase the chances of bringing them to justice.Furthermore, we must address the root causes of the trafficking of war. This involves addressing issues such as poverty, lack of education, and political instability that contribute to the demand for war-related goods and services. By providing alternative opportunities and support to affected communities, we can reduce the vulnerability of individuals to being exploited by traffickers.In addition, we need to strengthen laws and regulations to prevent and prosecute those involved in the traffickingof war. This includes implementing stricter penalties for those found guilty of trafficking war-related goods and services, as well as providing support and protection for victims of trafficking.中文，作为一个全球性问题，贩卖战争已经成为一个严重的问题，影响着许多国家和地区。
爱因斯坦关于战争英文名言
爱因斯坦关于战争的英语名言1、“我不知道第三次世界大战会用什么武器，但第四次世界大战会用棍棒和石头。
”。
“I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.”2、战争在你愿意时开始，却并不在你乐意时结束。
War begins when you want, but does not end when you want.3、从来就不存在好的战争，也不存在坏的和平。
There has never been a good war or a bad peace.4、战争是惨烈的人生，人生是慢节奏的战争。
War is a tragic life, and life is a slow-paced war.5、袭击是游击战争的基本作战形式。
Attacks are the basic form of guerrilla warfare.6、黄金和财富是战争的主要根源。
Gold and wealth are the main causes of war.7、战争重要的是求取政治是的成果，而不是军事上的成功。
The important thing in war is to achieve the results of politics, not military success.8、假使每个人只为他自己的信念去打仗，就没有战争了。
If everyone fought only for his own beliefs, there would be no war.9、战争来临时，真理是第一个牺牲品。
When war comes, truth is the first victim.10、战争毁灭了一个时代，战争也创造了新的世界。
War has destroyed an era and created a new world.11、你攻占一个地区后，确保敌人也知道。
如何优雅讨价还价英语作文
如何优雅讨价还价英语作文Mastering the Art of Elegant Negotiation。
Negotiation is an essential skill in both personal and professional life. It involves the delicate balance of advocating for your interests while also understanding and respecting the needs of others. In this essay, we will explore the strategies and techniques for elegant negotiation, drawing insights from various sources andreal-life examples.To begin with, effective negotiation starts with preparation. Before entering into any negotiation, it is crucial to gather relevant information, understand the interests and priorities of all parties involved, and define your goals clearly. For instance, when negotiating a business deal, researching market trends, competitors, and potential outcomes can provide valuable leverage and confidence during the negotiation process.Moreover, communication plays a vital role in elegant negotiation. Expressing your thoughts and ideas clearly, listening actively to others, and asking insightful questions can create a collaborative atmosphere conducive to finding mutually beneficial solutions. Nonverbal cues such as body language and tone of voice also contribute significantly to effective communication during negotiations.Another key aspect of elegant negotiation isflexibility and adaptability. Being open to new ideas, willing to compromise on certain aspects, and creatively exploring alternative options can lead to more favorable outcomes for all parties involved. The ability to think on your feet and adjust your approach based on the evolving dynamics of the negotiation can set you apart as a skilled negotiator.Furthermore, maintaining a positive attitude and professionalism throughout the negotiation process is essential. Avoiding confrontational language or behavior, showing empathy towards the concerns of others, andfocusing on problem-solving rather than blame can foster a constructive environment where agreements can be reached amicably.Additionally, understanding cultural differences and adapting your negotiation style accordingly is crucial, especially in a globalized world where interactions with people from diverse backgrounds are common. Respect for cultural nuances, awareness of cultural norms regarding communication and decision-making, and sensitivity to cultural values can enhance the effectiveness of your negotiation efforts.An example of elegant negotiation can be seen in diplomatic relations between countries. Diplomats often engage in complex negotiations involving political, economic, and social issues. Through skilled diplomacy, countries can resolve conflicts, strengthen alliances, and promote international cooperation for the greater good.In conclusion, mastering the art of elegant negotiation requires a combination of preparation, communication,flexibility, positivity, professionalism, cultural awareness, and adaptability. By honing these skills and applying them in various contexts, individuals can navigate negotiations successfully and achieve mutually beneficial outcomes. As the saying goes, "Negotiation is not about winning or losing; it's about reaching agreements that satisfy all parties involved."。
战争来临我们应该做英语作文
战争来临我们应该做英语作文War is a devastating and destructive force that brings about widespread suffering and loss. As such, when faced with the prospect of war, it is crucial for us to take a measured and thoughtful approach to the situation.First and foremost, we must strive to understand theroot causes of the conflict and work towards peaceful resolution through dialogue and diplomacy. This may involve engaging in negotiations, mediation, and conflictresolution efforts to address the underlying issues that have led to the tensions.Additionally, it is important for us to support humanitarian efforts to alleviate the suffering of those affected by the war. This may involve providing aid, shelter, and medical assistance to refugees and displaced persons, as well as working to protect the rights and well-being of vulnerable populations such as women and children.Furthermore, we must strive to promote and uphold the principles of international law and human rights, and hold accountable those who commit atrocities and violations ofthese principles during times of war. This may involve supporting efforts to bring perpetrators of war crimes to justice and advocating for the protection of civilians and non-combatants.In times of war, it is also crucial for us to remain vigilant and mindful of the impact of the conflict on our own communities and societies. This may involve takingsteps to ensure the safety and security of our own citizens, as well as working to preserve the values of democracy, freedom, and human dignity in the face of adversity.Overall, when confronted with the prospect of war, it is imperative for us to respond with compassion, wisdom, and a commitment to upholding the values of peace and justice.当战争来临时，我们应该采取理性和深思熟虑的态度。
如果你想挑起战争英语作文
如果你想挑起战争英语作文Title: Provoking War: A Machiavellian Strategy Unveiled。
In the annals of history, the art of instigatingconflict has been a dark yet effective tool wielded by the cunning and ambitious. Wars have been initiated for various reasons – territorial expansion, resource acquisition, ideological dominance, or simply to consolidate power.While the ethics of such actions may be questioned, the reality remains that provoking war can serve strategic objectives. This essay delves into the methods and motivations behind such actions, exploring the intricateweb of politics, power, and manipulation.To understand the dynamics of provoking war, one must first grasp the underlying motivations. Often, it is the desire for power, influence, or control that drives individuals or nations to incite conflict. Machiavelli famously wrote, "The ends justify the means," encapsulating the ruthless pragmatism of those who seek dominance.Whether it be through economic coercion, diplomatic manipulation, or outright aggression, the goal is to tip the scales of power in one's favor.One method employed in provoking war is theexploitation of existing tensions or grievances. By fueling resentment or amplifying perceived threats, provocateurs can create a pretext for military action. This can involve propaganda campaigns, false-flag operations, or covert support for insurgent groups. By framing the enemy as an existential threat, leaders can rally public support and justify aggressive measures.Another strategy is the manipulation of alliances and geopolitical rivalries. By sowing discord among adversaries or enticing allies with promises of spoils, provocateurs can destabilize regions and provoke conflict. This can be seen throughout history, from the alliances that sparked World War I to the proxy wars of the Cold War era. By playing on fears and ambitions, master manipulators can set the stage for confrontation.Economic coercion is also a potent tool in the arsenal of those seeking to provoke war. By imposing sanctions, embargoing vital resources, or manipulating markets, provocateurs can cripple adversaries and goad them into aggressive action. This form of warfare, often dubbed "economic warfare," can be just as devastating as conventional conflict, with the added benefit of plausible deniability.Furthermore, the use of psychological warfare cannot be underestimated in provoking war. Through disinformation campaigns, psychological operations, and cyber warfare, provocateurs can undermine enemy morale and sow chaos behind enemy lines. By exploiting vulnerabilities in the adversary's psyche, they can provoke rash and ill-advised actions, escalating tensions to the brink of war.In conclusion, the art of provoking war is a dark and dangerous endeavor, yet one that has been employed throughout history with chilling effectiveness. Whether driven by ambition, ideology, or simple Machiavellian pragmatism, those who seek to instigate conflict often doso with calculated precision. By exploiting existing tensions, manipulating alliances, wielding economic coercion, and employing psychological warfare, provocateurs can tip the scales of power and reshape the geopolitical landscape. However, the consequences of such actions are often unpredictable and can lead to untold suffering and devastation. As such, the pursuit of peace and diplomacy must always be the preferred course, lest we descend into the abyss of war and destruction.。
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Contributor issues
Ways to Fight Price War
Non Price Responses
Tactic Reveal your strategic intentions and capabilities Compete on quality Example Offer to match competitors’ prices, reveal your cost advantage Increase product differentiation by adding features to product, build awareness Form strategic partnerships by offering cooperative or exclusive deals with suppliers, resellers or providers of related services
4 key areas of operation
Customers issues
Price sensitivity, customer segments that may emerge if price change. Evaluation of customers and their price sensitivities can provide valuable insight about whether should join the battle or consider some other strategy. Some consumers are more sensitive to quality than price, cutting price may diminish costumers’ perception of quality.
• Sara Lee, DuPont, 3M
Cont’d
Company issues
Business’s cost structures, capabilities, strategic positions. Possible factors to cutting factors. Outsourcing and development of technology could affect to cost of doing business.
Cont’d
Competitors issues
Rival’s cost structures, capabilities and strategic positions. Suppliers, distributors, providers of complementary goods and services, government.
How to Fight a Price War
How to Fight a Price War
Price is one of weapon to ward off competitors.
By creating low prices.
Cutting price and joined to the battle is a easy and quick action, but it’s give consequences to the company’s profit— decline profit, margin became smaller and smaller. Also diminish consumers’ perception of quality.
How to Fight a Price War
A good managers will avoid a price war as could as possible.
Consider other option—customer service, improvement quality, brand awareness, etc— than starting a price war.
Impossible to avoid price war in some industry, i.e. PC industry When a competitor threaten your core business, a retaliatory price cut can be used to signify your intention to fight long and hard.
Retreat It Out
Develop another core business beside price Consider other option—customer service, improvement quality, brand awareness, innovation, etc—than starting a price war. example;
Co-opt-contributors
Ways to Fight Price War ( Cont’d)
Price Responses
Tactic Use complex price actions Example Offer bundled prices, twopart pricing, quantity discounts, price promotions, or loyalty programs for products Introduce flanking brands that compete in customer segments that are being challenged by competitors Adjust the product’s regular price in response to competitor’s price change or another potential entry into the market
Long-run Implications of Joint the Battle
A pattern of price cutting may teach customers to anticipate lower prices; more patient customer will defer their purchase until the next price cut. A price cutting company develops a reputation for being low price, and this reputation may diminish of customer perception about image and quality Price cuts have implication for other player in the market, whose self interest maybe harm by lower price
Even though managers decide tepare the resource.
Good diagnoses involve analyzing four keys areas in the theater of operations.
Introduce new products
Deploy simple price actions
Fight It Out
Although we feel strongly that direct, retaliatory price cuts should be a last resort.