2018年上海高考英语第一次模拟考试试题与答案

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2018年上海宝山区高考英语一模试卷和参考答案及听力原文

2018 年上海宝山区高考英语一模试卷II.Grammar and VocabularyWhy My Best Friend Is a BookWriting about beliefs is hard. It makes you reach deep into your soul and truly look at what is there. It requires time and effort, and then hits you in the face and someone in the bac kground says ―Oh, why didn’t you think of that before?‖ Beliefs change, they mature and grow just (21)a child. The best beliefs are the ones that (22) ( cherish) throughout a lifetime. One belief I cherish above all others is the power and enjoyment of reading.Reading can be for fun and that learning is (23) (easy) when you’re having fun. Being able to relate to the characters, imagine the conflicts in your head,and feel the characters’ sadness, as well as their joy, is the most amazing thing about reading. A chance to live another life for a short time, to be another person, Reading lends the soul and mind a place (24) (escape). I would much rather pick up a good luck than watch a television show.Reading can teach us. Wh ether it’s a fantasy novel or a historical account, you learn when you read. It provides grammar and (25) (write) language skills. Reading teaches us about emotion. Reading gives you new words and expands your vocabulary by forcing you to challenge yourself. In its own way it makes us feel the emotions of the characters. (26)you read, I believe you will learn, mind and soul.Reading can bring people together. I cannot count the number of new friends and people that have entered my life because of books. My stepmother, grandmother, and I all rad the same books.(27) is better than being able to share the tense moments, near misses, and happy endings while (28) (drink) a steaming cup of coffee together with someone. Reading allows you to lower your walls and let people in to form genuine chains. Plus people (29)read impressive books are usually pretty cool themselves!Over the years reading has been my companion. Always with a book in my purse, I have never faced the world without a best friend by my side. Books (30) (help) me through difficult periods and applauded me in times of celebration. Books always make me smile. That’s the biggest reason I believe in reading, because it will make you happy.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A.extentB.substanceC.normalD. potentialE.refreshingF.instructionsG. function H.caused I.physical J.restore K. mentallyThe discovery builds on earlier findings showed that a class of genes called splicing (胶接) factors is progressively switched off as we age. The research team found that splicing factors canbe switched back on with chemicals, making aging cells not only look 31 younger, but start to divide like young cells.The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a 32 naturally found in red wine, dark chocolate, red grapes and blueberries, to cells in culture. The chemicals 33 splicing factors, which are progressively switched off as we age to be switched back on. Within hours, the cells looked younger and started to rejuvenate,behaving like young cells.The discovery has the 34 to lead to therapies that could help people age better, without experiencing some of the degenerative effects of getting old. Most people by the age of 85 have experienced some kind of chronic illness, and as people get older they are more prone to stroke, heart disease and cancer.Professor Harries as saying, ―This is a first step in trying to make people live35 lifetime, but with health for their entire life. Our data suggests that using chemicals to switch back on the major class of genes that are switched off as we age might provide a means to 36 to old cells.‖Dr Eva Latorre, Research Associate at the University of Exeter, who carried out the experiments, was surprised by the 37 and rapidity of the changes in the cells.―When I saw some of the cells in the culture dish 38 I couldn’t believe it. These old cells were looking like young cells. It was like magic,‖ she said. ―I repeated the experiments several times and in each case the cells rej uvenated. I am very excited by the implications and potential for this research.‖As we age, our tissues accumulate senescent cells which are alive but do not grow or39 as they should. These old cells lose the ability to correctly regulate the output of their genes. This is one reason why tissues and organs become susceptible to disease as we age. When activated, genes make a message that gives the 40for the cell to behave in a certain way. Most genes can make more than one message, which determines how the cell acts.Splicing factors are crucial in ensuring that genes can perform their full range of functions.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Cameron Buckner, assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Houston, argues in an article published in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research that a wide range of animal species exhibit so-called ― executive control‖ when it comes to making decisions,41 considering their goals and ways to satisfy those goals before acting.He acknowledges that language is 42 for some experienced forms of higher-order thinking, or thinking about thinking. But supported by a review of previously published research, Buckner 43 that a wide variety of animals -- -elephants, chimpanzees( 黑猩猩), ravens( 大乌鸦) and lions, among others ---44 reasonable decision-making.― These data suggest that not only do some animals have a subjective take on the suitability of the 45 they are evaluating for their goal, they possess a subjective, internal signal regarding their confidence in this take can be used to select among different options,‖ he wrote.The question has been 46 since the days of the ancient philosophers, as people considered what means to be human is. One way to address that, Buckner said, is to 47 exactly what sets humans apart from other animals. Language remains a key difference between animals and humans, and Buckner notes that serious 48 in the 1970s and 80s to teach animal’s human language—teaching chimpanzees to use sign language, 49 ----found that although they were able to express simple ideas, they did not engage in 50 thought and language structures. Ancient philosophers relied upon unreliable 51 to study the issue, but today’s researcher conduct complicated controlled experiments. Buckner, working with Thomas Bugnyar and Stephan A. Reber, mental biologist at the University of Vienna, last year 52 the results of a result that determined ravens share at least some of the human ability to think abstractly about other minds, 53 their behavior by attaching their own observations to others. In his latest paper, Buckner offers several examples to support his 54 . His goal, Buckner said, was to organize experimental research, ―to see that we’re gathered enough evide nce to say that animals really are 55 in a unique way.‖t45. A. option B. scheme C. regulation D. random46. A. dismissed B. ignored C. debated D. answered47. A. evaluate B. determine C. overlook D. initiate48. A. results B. successes C. achievements D. attempts49. A. for example B. this is to say C. on the contrary D. as a result50. A. obvious B. feasible C. private D. complex51. A. mystery B. tradition C. evidence D. fiction52. A. substituted B. published C. reflected D. maintained53. A. adapting B. symbolizing C. investigating D. revenging54. A. agreement B. implement C. requirement D. argument55. A. passionate B. reasonable C. confused D. ridiculousSection A(A)We see them everywhere. ―There are some things that money can’t buy… for everything else, there’s MasterCard.‖ We hear them everywhere. ―Make life rewarding… American Express.‖ Whether watching television, driving down the highw ay, or even appearing on our Facebook page, the appeal of money is inescapable.Growing up, my parents always emphasized the importance of family and faith over material possessions. Yet, money and all the new, interesting things it could buy did not escape me. As I entered my freshman year, my debit card and I engaged in quite the dates. Between game-day dresses, steak dinners and wonderful downtown Athens, I quickly drained 17 years worth of savings.41. A. secretly B. unintentionally C. scarcely D. consciously 42. A. required B. qualified C. acquired D. prepared 43. A. concerns B. complains C. conclude D. convinces44. A. turn down B. engage in C. refer to D. argue abouBy the time summer rolled around, I didn’t consider how much cash I had spent, or how much stuff I had acquired… I was focused on how much more money I would need for next fall. When I wasn’t working, I was checking my bank account, try to figure out if m y next paycheck would cover those pillows that would look so cute in my new apartment. My bank account balance was becoming a major source of stress in my life, creating tension with my financially smart parents and causing me constant concern. Finally, after a very heated argument with my Dad, I accepted the truth: I simply could not afford money anymore.I realized that I was much happier (and I sensed my blood pressure was much lower) when money was just something in the bank. While the clothes are pretty and those pillows are comfy, they lost their appeal right around the second a new item caught my eye. Towards the end of the summer, I let go of my financial issues –a fter all, I can’t buy more time with my friends and family before going back to Athens.I still check my bank account. I still go shopping occasionally. But now, those aren’t priorities. My money sufferings taught me that I shouldn’t seek out wealth as a m eans of satisfaction and happiness. Instead, my happiness should come from the moments and people that cannot be bought, exchanged, or returned. I now re-word those credit card slogans to reflect the value I place on finding wealth in the love shared betwe en my family and friends: ―There are some things that money can’t buy… Seek them.‖ Unlike cash, this form of wealth grows the more I give.56.A ccording to the passage, the author feels happy now mainly because .A.the appeal of money is inescapableB.he values the love between his family and friendsC.his wealth grows by working hard every dayD.he has paid off his debt in cash57.T he author mentions the heated argument with Dad in paragraph 3 in order to .A.show how to settle problems with othersB.prove how selfish his Dad isC.explain material possessions get him into troubleD.display generation gap between Dad and Son58.T he word ―comfy‖ (paragraph 4) probably means .A.realisticB.individualC.graciousfortable59.W hich of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Seeking a different kind of wealthB.Letting go of different sufferingsC.Wealth as a means of satisfactionD.Happiness grows out of hardships(B)Americans are more stressed than ever, according to an American Psychological Association survey, and nearly one-third say stress impacts their physical or mental health. If you have any of these symptoms, your stress might be making you sick. Here’s how t o battle against them.If you’ve never suffered from headaches bu t suddenly your head is constantly striking, you might be too stressed. Stress releases chemicals that can cause changes to nerves and blood vessels(血管) in the brain, which brings on a headache. Stress can cause them or make them worse. It’s also common fo r your muscles to tense up when you’re stressed, which can also cause a headache.WHAT TO DO:If you don’t want to take medicine, try spreading lavender (薰衣草)oil on your temples(太阳穴)when a headache starts. Or try one of thesehome remedies for headaches.Stress can make you mentally sick, too. Too much of the stress hormonecortisol (皮质醇)can make it harder to concentrate, causingmemory problems as well as anxiety or depression, says Dr. Levine.WHAT TO DO:Relax until you regain your concentration. Practice closing your eyes and breathing in and out slowly, concentrating only on your breath.Losing a few strands of hair is normal (old hair follicles (囊)arereplaced by new ones over time), but stress can disturb that cycle.Significant stress p ushes a large number of hair follicles into what’scalled a resting stage and then a few months later those hairs fall out,according to . Stress can als o cause the body’s resistantsystem to attack your hair follicles, resulting in hair loss.WHAT TO DO:Be patient. Once your stress level returns to normal, your hair should start growing back.60.If you’re stressed, you might have one of the following sympto ms EXCEPT that .A.you keep getting headachesB.you always have a coldC.your hair is falling outD.your brain feels confused61.W hich of the following is suggested if your brain goes out of focus?A.Breathing slowly with your eyes closed.B.Waiting until your brain returns to normal.C.Spreading lavender oil on your temples.D.Relaxing and attacking your brain softly.62.W hat will happen once we get over our stress according to the passage?A.Our hair starts falling out and then grows back.B.Ou r body’s resistant system attacks your hair folliclesC.Our hair starts growing again.D.A serious headache starts.(C)For many in the general public and the engineering community alike, the potential implications of additive manufacturing (AM) have excited the imagination. Popularly known as 3-D printing, the emerging class of technologies has been regarded as both a revolution in production and an opportunity for dramatic environmental advance.Yet while the technological capabilities of additive manufacturing processes are studied extensively, a deep understanding of their environmental implications is still lacking.A new special issue of Yale’s Journal of Industrial Ecology presents the cutting-edge research on this emerging field, providing important insights into its environmental, energy, and health impacts.Though sometimes described in the public field as similar to an inkjet printer for making objects, additive manufacturing is primarily used as a production process in industry and contains a diverse set of technologies. What they share is the ability to produce products and parts based on digital information by adding layers of materials one after the other rather than, as in traditional manufacturing, removing materials –thus the label ―additive.‖―The research in this issue shows that it is too early to label 3-D printing as the path to sustainable manufacturing,‖ said Reid Lifset, editor-in-chief of the Journal of Industrial Ecology and co-author of the lead editorial. ―We need to know much more about the material footprints, energy consumption in production, process emissions, a nd especially the linking devices and adjustments between the various stages in the production process.‖Additive manufacturing is sometimes seen as inherently environmentally preferable to traditional manufacturing because of its potential for local production – by consumers, merchants and hobbyists – and because it is thought to allow zero-waste manufacturing. Research in this issue, however, indicates that the environmental performance is very sensitive to the pattern of usage and composition of the machinery and the materials used.―This special issue demonstrates the capability of industrial ecology to reveal important and often overlooked aspects of new technologies,‖ said Indy Burke, Dean of the Yale School of Forestry & Enviro nmental Studies. ―If we are to realize the environmental potential of 3-D printing, we need to know where the challenges and the advantages lie.‖The special issue contains:life cycle assessments (LCA) of AM processes and productsinvestigations of the process energy consumption of AM technologiesstudies of operator exposure to printer emissions and dangerous materialsexamination of the sustainability benefits derived from the complex figure of parts enabled by the technologyanalysis of supply-chain issues arising from the use of the technology63.The word ―additive‖ in the passage refers to .A.the substance added in small amounts for a special purposeB.the additional technological capabilities of manufacturing processesC.the digital way to produce products by adding serial layers of materialsD.t he traditional way to produce products by removing materials64.The contents listed in the special issue mentioned at the end of this passage focus on.A.the studies of additive manufacturing and sustainabilityB.a diverse set of technologies of additive manufacturingC.the comparison between additive and traditional manufacturingD.the experiments conducted by Journal of Industrial Ecology65.Which of the follo wing can be inferred about the researchers’ viewpoint from the p assage?A.3-D printing is viewed as a revolution in production.B.3-D printing is regarded as a kind of sustainable manufacturing.C.AM makes a harmful impact on environment, energy, and health.D.The challenges and advantages of AM need further studies.66.The passage mainly discusses .A.investigations of the 3-D printing processB.the environmental implications of 3-D printingC. studies of 3-D printing emissions and materialsD.assessments of additive manufacturing processesSection CA.The findings show that they also apply criticism to nontraditional women’s husbands.B.He is also regarded as having less power in the relationship.C.These include having a higher status, yielding more power, being more self-focused, ambitious and self-confident.D.The married surname tradition is more than just a tradition.E.Up to now, researchers have not yet examined how a woman’s married surname cho ice influences howothers look at her husband.F.W omen’s rightist scholars understand why the surname tradition remains widely supported.What does it mean for the husband when his wife keeps her own surname?The tradition of women adopting their husbands’ s urname after marriage is arguably one of the most widespread gender-role standards in Western cultures despite marked changes in the role that women play in society and in the labor force.According to previous studies, women who violate the married surname tradition are viewed differently from others. They are described in terms of instrumental characteristics that in a gendered society are typically assigned to men. 67 These characteristics contrast with the expressive characteristics that are typically assigned to women, such as being more caring, kind and having less influence and power.68 For this purpose, Robnett and her colleagues carried out three studies in the US and UK. The first two studies showed that husbands whose wives keep their own surnames are often described through terms that are opposed to the gender-typical personality characteristics and power framework used for men. They are described in more expressive than instrumental terms, and are seen to hold less power in a marriage. Their findings indicate that people conclude from married surname choices to make more general in ferences about a couple’s g ender-typed personality characteristics.Results from the third study conducted by Robnett’s team suggest that people hold different opinions in how they think about such cases. People who firmly hold on to traditional gender roles react particularly strongly to a man whose wife keeps her surname because they see him as an incapable person. ―We know from previous research that people high in unfriendly sexism(蔑视女性)respond negatively to women who violate traditional g ender roles,‖ says Robnett. ― 69 ‖―This study joins several others in implying a link between traditions in men and women’s romantic relationships and power structures favoring men,‖ says Robnett. ― 70 It reflects slight gender-role standards and ideas that often remain unquestioned despit e privileging men.‖Secure payment without leaving a traceComputer scientist Andy Rupp, member of the ―Signaling Code and Security‖ working group, is always surprised about lacking problem awareness: only few users are aware of the fact that by using payment systems they disclose in detail how and what they consume or which routes they have taken. To prevent control of the accounts by dishonest users, customer data and account balances of payment are usually carried out with the help of a central database. In every payment deal, the customer is identified and the details of her/his deal are transmitted to the central database. This repeated identification process produces a data trace that might be misused by the provider or third parties.The expert has now presented the basics of an ―electronic purse‖ that works by unknown names, but prevents misuse at the same time. The ―black-box addition plus‖ (BBA+) code system developed by them transfers all necessary account data to the card used or the smartphone and guarantees their secrets with the help of signaling code methods. At the same time, BBA+ offers security guarantees for the operator of the payment system: The code system guarantees a correct account balance and is mathematically constructed such that the identity of the user is disclosed as soon as the attempt is made to pay with a controlled account.―Our new code system guarantees privacy and security for customers dur ing offline operation as well,‖ Andy Rupp says. ―This is needed for ensuring the payment system’s suitability for daily use. Think of a subway doorway or a payment bridge. There you may have no internet connection at all or it is very slow.‖ Also its high efficiency makes the code system suited for everyday use: During first test runs, researchers completed payments within about one second.V.Translation72.他仍难以用英语表达自己的想法。

上海市青浦区2018届高考一模英语试卷含答案

2018届上海市青浦区高考英语一模试卷(考试时间120分钟，满分140分）I. Listening Comprehension Section A Short ConversationsDirections. In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end ofeach conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.2. A. In a clinic. B. In a cinema.C. In an electronics store.D. In a bookstore.3. A. A salesperson. B. A pilot. C. A waitress. D. A firefighter.4. A. To work in July. B. To print a form.C. To go back to school.D. To take a vocation.5. A. He dropped his phone. B. He hates long-distance calls.C. His call got cut off.D. His mobile is too long.6. A. He is consulting. B. He is arguing with the woman.C. He is complaining.D. He is giving advice.7. A. People are waiting at the automatic ticket machine.B. The man will not stay in line for the tickets.C. The woman will exchange tickets at the machine.D. They are waiting in line buying tickets for a movie.8. A. She has confidence in her job. B. She has just got a job promotion.C. She is excited to see the man.D. She will make greater efforts.9. A. Find a paper in the copy machine.B. Fill out an application form.C. Show her library card.D. Sit at the table next to her.10. A. The posters are not as good as the stalls.B. The stall could have been more amazing.C. The charity event was a copy of the past.D. She was having hearing problems.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To show one’s love. B. To comfort someone.C. To identify an old friend.D. To congratulate someone.12. A. France. B. America. C. China. D. Britain.13. A. A comparison between the west and the east.B. People hug each other for many reasons.C. The French is a nation fond of hugging.D. A study on IQ and hugs.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.12. A. To save time for laws to take effect.B. To weaken the government’s check.C. To give himself more power.D. To change the country’s political system.13. A. A category. B. A measurement.B. An activity. D. An airport.14. A. The major industrial growth. B. The number of people at the airport.C. The side effect of an emergency.D. The unhealthy level of pollution.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.15. A. Aging process. B. A talk show.C. Job hunting.D. Work pressure.16. A. He will be in a talk show in the afternoon.B. He used to be an actor but now a manager.C. He noticed the woman was under stress long ago.D. He suggests the woman do something different.17. A. Hungry. B. Exhausted. C. Energetic. D. Relaxed.18. A. The woman feels stressed because she is aging.B. The woman feels sick, so she doesn,t want to have lunch.C. Payday makes the woman feel better despite the great pressure.D. The man was happy that he was not given the job he applied for II. Grammar and vocabulary II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.One day a professor entered the classroom and told the students about a surprise test. After hearing that, all students ____21____ (seat) and waited for the test to begin. The professor gave the test papers to all students with the text____22_____ (face) down at the desk. Once he handed out the test papers to all students, he asked them to turn the test pages and begin.Students’ were confused to see there was not a question ____23_____just a black dot in the center of the page. The professor noticed the students’ face expression and told them, “I want you to write about what you see there.”The students were even __24__ (confused) but started the test by then. At the end of the class,. the professor took all answer sheets and started reading each answer in front of all students. All of them described about the black dot, ___25______ position they tried to explain. After the professor finished reading, the whole class was silent.The professor explained, "Don't worry. I am not going to give you grades but I just want you to think about something. Here ___26______ focused on the black dot but no one wrote about the white paper, and the same is with our lives. The white paper represents our whole life and the black spot represents problems in our life. ___27___ our life is a gift given to us by God, with love and care, we have every reason to celebrate. Still we just focus on problems like healthissues, problems in relationships etc., but we never see these problems are very small compared with___28___ we have in our lives.”So there is the moral lesson: we ___29______ try to take eyes off our problems and enjoy each moment that life _____30____ (give) us. Be happy and live the life positively.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.approachedB. generousC. financiallyD. effortE. datesF. victimG. closed H. substituting I .boosts J.visible K.seeminglyHave you ever watched a television show or a movie and felt like you were watching a really long commercial? If so, then you’ve fallen ___31______to bad product placement (产植入）.Clever marketing folks want their products to be __32_ within a scene, but not the focus. When done correctly, product placement can add a sense of realism to a movie or television show.Product placement ___33______ from as early as 1950s when a drinks company paid to have a character in the movie The African Queen toss loads of their product overboard. Since then, there have been countless placements in thousands of movies.Sometimes product placement just happens. A set dresser (布景人员）might think of something that _34— the level of credibility or realism of the story. One example is the use of a can of ant killer in a violent fight scene in the popular television programme The Sopranos. A spokeswoman for the manufacturer said if the company had not been —35— about the use of their product, they would not have given it a thumbs-up.Arranged product placement deals are more prevailing. The most common type is a simple exchange of the product for the placement. A deal is made; in exchange for the airtime, the cast and crew are provided with a(n)___36______supply of the company's products.Sometimes, a gift of the product isn’t an appropriate form of compensation, and then the deal, ____37___with money, works well. Someone from a manufacturer's marketing team hears about a movie project, and approaches the set dresser with a(n) _38_ attractive proposal. They come to an agreement, and the product makes a number of 39— casual appearances. Both teams are happy.Before product placement really saw a rapid growth in the mid-1980s, it was pretty much a do-it-yourself ___40___. Now there are entire agencies that can handle the job. Some larger corporations will dedicate personnel to seek out opportunities for placement within films, television shows ——even games and music.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Traditionally uniforms were manufactured to protect the worker. When they were first designed, it is also likely that all uniforms made symbolic sense — those for the military, forexample, were originally____41_____to impress and even terrify the enemy; other uniforms indicated a distinction in ____42_____ chefs wore white because they worked with flour, but the main chef wore a black hat to show he inspected and supervised.The last 30 years, however, have seen an increasing____43_____ on their role in mirroring the image of an organiza tion and in uniting the workforce, particularly in “customer facing” industries. From uniforms and workwear has emerged “___44______ clothing”. “The people you employ are your ambassadors (大使），’’ says Peter Griffin, managing director of a major retailer in the UK. “What they say, how they look, and how they behave is of vital importance.” From being a simple means of ___45___ who is a member of staff, the uniform is emerging as a new channel of marketing communication.Truly effective marketing through____46_____ images such as uniforms is a subtle art, however. How we look sends all sorts of powerful messages to other people. Dark colors give a sense of ____47_____ while lighter color shades suggest approachability. Certain dress style creates a sense of conservatism (守旧），while others a sense of___48______ to new ideas. If the company is selling quality, then it must have quality uniforms. If it is selling style, its uniforms must be stylish. If it wants to appear ____49____, everybody can’t look exactly the same.But turning corporate philosophies into the right combination of color, style, degree of branding and uniformity is not always ____50_____. According to Company Clothing magazine, there are 1000 companies supplying the workwear and corporate clothing market. Of these, 22 ____51_____for 85% of total sales 一£380 million in 1994.A successful uniform needs to___52______two key sets of needs. On the one hand, no uniform will work if staff feel uncomfortable or ugly. On the other hand, it is ___53______ if the look doesn't express the business's marketing strategy. The greatest challenge in this respect is time. When it comes to human awareness, first impressions count. Customers will assess the way staff look in just a few seconds, and that few seconds will____54_____ their attitudes from then on. Those few seconds can be so important that big companies are prepared to____55_____ years, and millions of pounds, getting them right.41. A. intended B. tended C. extended D. attended42. A. statue B. stability C. status D. statistics43. A. preference B. argument C. compliment D. emphasis44. A. cooperate B. political C. corporate D. academic45. A. exposing B. identifying C. qualifying D. requesting46. A. studio B. audio C. visual D. casual47. A. clarity B. authority C. availability D. accessibility48. A. exposure B. rejection C. reluctance D. openness49. A. stable B. uniform C. innovative D. similar50. A. smooth B. disagreeable C. objective D. complex51. A. exchange B. call C. stand D. account52. A. establish B. balance C. neglect D. desert53. A. pointless B. significant C. useful D. careless54. A. maintain B.shape C. draw D. value55. A. commit B. command C. dedicate D. investSection CDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)St Kilda is a tiny archipelago (群岛）of the North Atlantic Ocean. The islands are among the most spectacular, but the greatest fascination is that, for over a thousand years, people lived there and possessed a sense of community. Cut off from the mainland, the islanders had a distinct way of living their lives, mainly eating the seabirds that returned to breed on the rocks.Isolation also had a big effect upon St kildans attitudes and ideas. The people sacrificed themselves year in and year out, in a constant battle to secure a livelihood. In such harsh conditions, life was only possible because the whole community worked together.In the 19th century St Kilda was subject to pressures from the outside world. Education, religion and tourism all attempted to throw the St Kildans5 way of life into doubt. In the early 20th century, the strength of the community became weakened as contact with the rest of Britain increased. When disease cut their numbers, and wind and sea made it difficult to get adequate food, the St Kildans were forced to turn to the mainland for assistance.In 1930, the St Kildans finally agreed to abandon their homes. They settled on the Scottish mainland, not realizing it meant throwing themselves into the 20th century. As adults, they had to accept those values most Scots believe in. For instance, the islanders found it difficult to' base their existence upon money. They had never lived in a world where they bought goods and services from each other.The islanders showed themselves indifferent to the jobs they were given on the mainland. The labours asked of them were unskilled compared with the spectacular skills they had once performed in order to kill seabirds. Moreover, killing birds had once provided the community with food to survive. On the mainland, however, the tasks they were asked to perform did not provide them immediately with what was needed to keep them fed and warm.The history of the St Kildans after the evacuation (撤离），of their inability and lack of resolution to fit into urban society, makes sad reading. When they were resettled on the mainland, the St Kildans were forced to live in a society whose values were unacceptable and incomprehensible to the majority of them. For many, the move was a tragedy.56. According to Paragraph 3, the following factors lead to St kildans seeking help from outside EXCEPT______________.A. unbearable windB. insufficient food supplyC. contact with BritainD. worsening health57. After the St Kildans inhabited Scotland, they .A. soon learned how to buy goods and services from othersB. had trouble adapting to the value of dominant society.C. exhibited willingness to carry out their given jobs.D. had the opportunity to show their skills of killing seabirds.58. Which of the following is NOT about how people used to live on St Kilda?A. The major source of food was found locally.B. It was essential for people to help each other.C. Very few people had visited mainland Scotland.D. Money played an insignificant role in life.59. What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. The role of money in modem communities.B. How a community adapted to a different form of life.C. The destruction of an old-fashioned community.D. How a small community fight against opposite conditions.(B)The following safety risks may result in serious injury or death to the user of the MINI Cooper S: •This product contains small parts that arc for adult assembly (组装）only. Keep small children away when assembling. Remove all protective materials before assembly. Be sure to remove all packaging materials and parts from underneath the car body.•Battery posts contain lead known to the state of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Never open the battery.•Body parts such as hands, legs, hair and clothing can get caught in moving parts. Never place a body part near a moving part or wear loose clothingwhile using the vehicle. Always wear shoes when using the vehicle.•Using the vehicle near streets, motor vehicles, drop-offs such as steps, water (swimming pools) or other bodies of water, hills, wet areas, in small lanes, at night or in the dark could result in an unexpected accident. Instead, use the vehicle on the highway. Always use the vehicle in a safe, secure environment.•Using the vehicle in unsafe conditions such as snow, rain, loose dirt, mud, or sand may result in unexpected action, for example tip over.•Using the vehicle in an unsafe manner. Examples include but are not limited to:•Pulling the vehicle with another vehicle or similar device •Allowing more than two riders •Pushing the user from the back •Traveling at an unsafe speed•Always use common sense and safe practices when using the vehicle.•Store the vehicle indoors or cover it to protect it from weather. Water will damage the motor, electric system, and battery.60. When assembling, you should______________________.A. open the battery on the spotB. ignore the packaging materialsC. make sure kids are not presentD. start from underneath the car61. According to the text, it is safer to______________________.A. use batteries containing leadB. drive in small lanes at midnightC. drive on the highway instead of on hillsD. wear loose clothes while driving61. Where can you probably find the text?A. In an official report.B. In a medical journal.C. In a physics textbook.D. In a product handbook.(C)In a land swept by typhoons and shaken by earthquakes，how have Japan’s tallest and seemingly most breakable old buildings 一500 or so wooden pagodas, tower-shaped buildings — remained standing for centuries? Japanese scholars have been confused for ages about their stability.For centuries，many attributed the resilience (抗震’性）of pagodas to the massive trunk-like central columns known as shinbashira, which bends and swings during a typhoon or earthquake, just like a tall tree. But the amazing thing is that the shinbashira actually does not carry any load at all but is suspended from the top of the pagoda —hanging loosely down。

2018届上海市徐汇区高考英语一模(含答案)(可编辑修改word版)

2017 学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分140 分，考试时间120 分钟）2017.12考生注意：1. 考试时间120 分钟，试卷满分140 分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a bank.2. A. A concert. B. On the street.B. A book sale.C. At home.C. A banquet.D. In a cafe.D. An art exhibition.3. A. 50 minutes. B. 25 minutes.C. An hour and a quarter.D. An hour and a half.4. A. The train will arrive on time. B. The train is late due to the storm.C. The woman will take the next train.D. The woman has to wait for the train.5. A. She talks too much. B. She doesn’t like speaking.C. She is always very frank.D. She often talks loudly.6. A. She doesn’t want to have a birthday party. B. She doesn’t like the gift.C. She wants to forget her birthday.D. She doesn’t want to grow old.7. A. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening.B.The film is not worth seeing at all.C.The man won’t go to the movies with the woman.D.The man is very tired from his work.8. A. The summer this year is terribly hot. B. Last summer was even hotter.C. Hot weather helps people lose weight.D. Light was stronger this morning.9. A. He should have invited Mary. B. He is doing business with Mary.C. He was not a man of his word.D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party.10. A. She would rather invite more people to come.B.They prepared too much food at a previous meeting.C.The family members always eat a lot.第 1 页/ 共17 页微信公众号：上海试卷D.They should prepare more food and drinks.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She was born in a poor family.B.She worked as a doctor in her early life.C.She spent her whole life in London.D.She decided to help the poor when she was young.12. A. Because of the poor living conditions.B.Because she was sent to a settlement house.C.Because of her health problem.D.Because her family moved to another city.13. A. She founded the first settlement house in America.B.She wrote books about the problems faced by the poor.C.She introduced laws to help workers, women, and children.D.She helped those who had come to America from other countries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are available in different languages except Russian.B.They are a range of useful desktop publishing packages.C.They are not allowed to be taken out of the college.D.They can help the students with their language learning.15.A. Consult him frequently. B. Use the computer regularly.C. Occupy the computer early.D. Print essays patiently.16.A. Micro-computer lab service. B. Facilities of a college.C. The use of micro-computers.D. The operating of printers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He is the journalist of a local newspaper.B.He is a huge fan of international stories.C.He is an experienced editor of a TV program.D.He is an advocate for environmental protection.18. A. Current trends in economic development. B. Domestic issues of general social concern.C. International relations and foreign policies.D. Conflicts among different political parties.19. A. Based on what the public wants to know.B.By interviewing people who have stories.C.By analyzing the current social problems.第 2 页/ 共17 页D.Based on public expectations and editors’ judgment.20. A. First-hand stories. B. Practical experience.C. Audience’s feedback.D. Educational background.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators(管理员) dream of finding (21) (hide) secrets in themasterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a dead grasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said theydiscovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh’s OliveTrees, when it (22) (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.It was spotted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she found it in the work’s lower foreground. “(23)(look) at the painting with the microscope，I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24) have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.“We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of him battling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he’s got to walk back to his studio through the fi elds. What’s fun is that we can come up with all these stories for (25) the insect landed in the paint.”Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26) (far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27) (examine) the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of the insect’s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28) it somehow landed on the artist’s wet canvas and could not be used for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29) may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30) they can spot the dead insect.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.第 3 页/ 共17 页A. concernsB. illegalC. circulationD. recommendedE. launchedF. conductingG. witnessing H. innovation I. emphasized J. regulations K. criticismsExperts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released (31) to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could“reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent(32) activities such as money laundering( 洗钱),” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also (33) the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and (34) .Alibaba’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply(35) consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, also (36) campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishment of a “cashless society”, which caused (37) over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong (38) that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. “As the economy grows, the (39) of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.“Also, it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy (40) brought by the Inter net,” Dong said. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens，most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.Students in the study became (41) even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not (42) it.Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal(潜意识的) effect on(43) , making people hurry regardless of whether th ey are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the (44) goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience.”Thinking about fast food increases (45) for time-saving products. “More (46) , we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate (47) over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.”Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains —McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal effect was (48) . Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it wassignificantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than (49) versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose(50) reward after being exposed to the brands.Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “F ast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate (51) .” The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food(52) whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “ (53) , walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.”“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is (54) a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling(狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no (55) at all.”41. A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid42. A. recognize B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall43. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour44. A. common B. unconscious C. primary D. temporary45. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions46. A. naturally B. strikingly C. fortunately D. personally47. A. gain B. proof C. respond D. attention48. A. concealed B. imposed C. edited D. marked49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. original50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant51. A. cultivation B. resistance C. satisfaction D. awareness52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of D. with respect to53. A. In other words B. On the contrary C. For example D. In addition54. A. promoting B. assuming C. insulting D. assessing55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harmSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most inspiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The difference between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful people.” I personally experienced the wisdom of th at understanding right after my first book was published. Like many authors, I expected hundreds of bookstore customers lining up for me to sign copies for them. I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation, I was put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like the book cover? After90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutely distraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake upat 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and then whisper,“Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life.”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing, I wondered if my entire life wasn’t just a big joke. At that moment, just when I couldn’t feel any worse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the way they were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But I didn't kno w what else to say. The couple turned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” My heart began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“The reason we’re buying it,” she said hesitantly, “is because our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it had served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and sold well, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me moving ahead. Thanks to them, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56.The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of .A.conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverance57.The word “distraught” (paragraph 4) probably means .A.bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58.What can be inferred from paragraph 5?A.The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B.The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C.The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D.The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.59.By saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose”,the author probably means that.A.he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB.he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC.he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD.he had found someone who appreciated his writing(B)The truth of our modern times is that you probably won’t find a student who does not use mobile applications today. Every student probably knows plenty of applications that fit his or her needs most, but there are still some mobile “helpers” no student sho uld live without.Raise — Save your money with discounted gift cards, especially with the Raise mobile app. Before you buy any back-to-school items, check the Raise app to see if there are any discounted gift cards you can buy to make your dollar go farther. Once you purchase a card, you can instantly use it online or in stores by showing the barcode on your phone —no need to worry about forgetting your gift cards at home.iStudiez Pro — For college students who are attempting to successfully manage a full schedule, iStudiez Pro can help ease your transition into college courses and help you organize your class schedule and plan out your days. iStudiez Pro is the best app for students which combines tracking schedule, homework and grades with a delightful user experience.SelfControl —College students are so easily distracted from the studying process! They always need to check new photos of their friends on Facebook, or share their mood with the world during a lecture. To avoid such distractions, the SelfControl application has been created: it blocks certain websites that can distract you from studying, and it does it for a set amount of time. So, when a lecture is finished, you are welcome to come back to your favorite websites again!Mint —It’s an easy-to-read app that links to all your bank accounts and gives you updates on how much you’ve been spending. It also lets you know what you’ve been spending your money on by organizing your expenses into categories (You may be surprised by how much you dish out on Starbucks after using the app for a while).LifeSite Vault —Parents struggle to make sure their college students have access to key personal documents and accounts, like Social Security numbers and bank account information.That’s where LifeSite Vault can help. It does so by keeping important documents “safe but accessible.” For example, with LifeSite Vault, users can upload everything from their Social Security cards to passports and birth certificates or upload a picture of a medical insurance card.60.The Raise mobile app is supposed to provide .A.sales information on school suppliesB. discounted gift cards for school itemsC. online shopping guidelinesD. a barcode on your phone61.If a college student wants to budget his finances and prevent himself from overspending, he willprobably need .A.iStudiez ProB. SelfControlC. MintD. LifeSite Vault62.What is the main purpose of this passage?A.To help college students increase learning efficiency.B.To recommend some helpful applications to students.C.To compare different types of online learning tools.D.To explain how to use some modern applications.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63.The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to .A.demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classificationB.introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC.criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD.illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64.Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A.The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B.Linnaeus’s original system of classification c onsisted of 3 domains.C.Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with little modifications.D.Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65.Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A.They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B.They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C.They are limited to single-cell organisms.D.They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.The Father of Modern TaxonomyB.Classifying OrganismsC.Development in Life FormsD.Linnaeus’s Classification SystemSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Many say collecting toys creates a sense of accomplishment.B.This is also why these adults are sometimes referred to as “kidults”.C.But scientists are probably just worrying too much.D.But this “fact” doesn’t seem to apply to today’s world anymore.E.At one point in our life, we all had and loved our own toys.F.Despite this, some social scientists see the trend as disturbing.Staying young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan —a character from James Matthew Barrie’s 1911 book —said: “All children, except one, grow up.” (67)According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children’s toy market itself.These toys ranged from puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials —people born between the 1980s and 2000s.“Adults of the 21st century are channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,” commented website Koreaboo. (68)According to Frederique Tutt, an analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today’s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far les s easy to achieve. “It reminds me of the playful side of life,” Rob Willner, a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment.(69)To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing “the thrills of youth” is the evidence that “adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymore”, he told The New York Times. “That’s actually quite sad.”(70)According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane, collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. “It’s just pop culture stuff. It’s stuff that says, ‘I like a little of this and I like a little of that’,” he told ABC News. “It’s no big deal.” So now that over 100 years have passed since Peter Pan, perhaps it’s time to introduce a new “fact”, as stated in the tagline of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: “Growing old is mandatory(强制的), but growing up is optional.”IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers.We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse(虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’s feelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?V.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.今晚的音乐会门票已全部售罄。

2018届高三英语第一次模拟考试试题及参考答案

2018届高三英语第一次模拟考试试题及参考答案推荐文章2017届高三英语第一次月考试题及参考答案热度： 2018届盐城市高三英语第一次模拟考试卷及参考答案热度：2017年江西高三英语联考试卷及参考答案热度：高考英语复习的建议和复习策略热度：高三提高英语语法的技巧和方法热度：英语作为高考的重要考试科目之一,考试们平时复习的适合不光是背背单词就行了，还有多做一些模拟习题来总结自己的不足之处，下面小编整理了2018届高三英语第一次模拟考试试题参考答案，一起来看看吧!2018届高三英语第一次模拟考试试题第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AIf you have a bad habit of losing things, a new device that can be connected to any item that you might lose may be the way to solve your problem. The Tile, a small square linked up to your iPhone or iPad via Bluetooth, lets you see how close you are to the missing item, within a 50-to 150-foot range . If the item goe s out of your phone’s 150-foot range, it can still be detected (发现) on other smartphones with the same app.When you log into the app on your phone, it shows you, with green bars that increase or decrease, how far away you are from the Tile. You can also program it to make a sound when you get close to the Tile. And you can link up your phone with up to ten Tiles. And if your lost item — a dog, for example, or a stolen bike —goes out of your own phone’s 150-foot Bluetooth range, youcan set it as a “lost item”. If any of the phones with the Tile app comes within the range of your lost item, a message will be sent to your own phone, reminding you of its position. The Tile app also has the function to remember where it last saw your Tile, so that you can easily find where you left it.Since the Tiles use Bluetooth rather than GPS, they never run out of battery or need to be charged, and they last for one year before needing to be replaced. The app, which will come into the market this winter, works with iPhone 5S, iPhone 6, iPad Mini, iPad 3rd and 4th generation, and iPod 5th generation.1. The Tile app can help you .A. find your missing itemsB. use your phone more wiselyC. save your phone’s battery powerD. connect something to your phone2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The Tile needs to be charged after a year of use.B. One smartphone can only be linked up to one Tile.C. The Tile cannot work when linked up to a phone without Bluetooth.D. A missing item can’t be found if it goes out of the needed range.3. What does the second paragraph mainly tell us?A. What the Tile app is.B. How the Tile app works.C. The advantages of the Tile app.D. Why the Tile app was invented.4. Where does this passage probably come from?A. A science fiction novel.B. An advertisement.C. A personal diary.D. A news report.BThe island of Port Cros is in the south of France. I first visitedit about ten years ago with my wife. I had read that it was a magical place and it seemed fascinating (迷人的), but I couldn’t believe that it was true. In fact, it was much more magical than the tourist brochures (指南) had said.The island is mountainous and covered in trees. The water around the island is transparent like glass. When I first visited it, there was mist rising from the trees. The little harbor looked mysterious and remote: tall palm trees, a few shops and restaurants, no cars, motorcycles or bikes.It is not by chance that the island has kept its natural beauty. Once, it was privately owned and the owners always wanted to keep it in its natural state. In 1963, Port Cros became a national park. The park directors made some rules to protect the island. They didn’t allow any new building projects. There is only one hotel and no camping is allowed. Vi sitors can’t use mountain bikes or smoke on the island. Sailing boats that visit the island mustn’t damage the bottom of the sea or pollute the water around it.When we arrived, we started walking to the beach of Port-Man, which was the furthest beach from the port. It took us two hours and when we arrived, the beach was deserted. It seemed that we were the only people on the island. Time seemed to stop. It was so beautiful that we stayed there all day. I visited there again last summer. Nothing had changed. The island still looked magical and mysterious, still with few tourists. It must be wonderful to stay the night on the island, I thought. After all the visitors have gone, the island must be so quiet—a real paradise (天堂)!5. The author got to know Port Cros at first due to _____.A. some tourist brochuresB. his wife’s introductionC. his first visit thereD. some TV programs6. How has the natural beauty of the island been kept according to the text?A. Foreign visitors are not allowed to visit it.B. Nothing has been built in the park there.C. Only bikes can be used on the island.D. Sailing boats mustn’t pollute the water.7. When the author first visited Port Cros, _____.A. it was very sunnyB. there were few visitors thereC. it took them a whole day to walk to Port-ManD. the island was deserted and he stayed there for a whole nightCCamp Jano IndiaCelebrate Indian culture, languages, arts, festivals and literature. Weekly themes are brought to life through related arts, games, projects, stories and theatre in a very unique, exciting, creative, interactive (互动的) and structured style. A very unique and memorable (难忘的) experience that kids will want to repeat! Mornings are spent with the Hindi language at the child’s level. Afternoons provide the cultural elements taught in an interactive style with special emphasis (重点) on drama.Bay Language AcademyWe invite campers (4-12 years old) to travel and open up doors to explore past and recent civilizations through daily field trips. Cultures will be shown through customs and cooking. Lectures (6/10-8/30) will introduce/reinforce French, Spanish or Chinese and the cultures they convey. Our language summer-camp is infused (灌输) with cultural activities and taught by a team of bilingual (通晓双语的) instructors.Petits ConfettisWant your 3- to 5-year-old kids to experience a French camp? Come and join us for 6 weeks of French camps!Kids will be totally happy to learn French and French culture while they take part in team projects like building a tipi or making French bread. Weekly themes include cooking, arts, drama, outdoor activities, board games, music, yoga, rhymes and story time.Chinese Immersion Summer CampThis is our 11th Chinese language and culture summer camp. We take children from 6th grade. This year we continue the weekly fun themes like art, science, cooking and sports in the morning. In the afternoon, we have abacus, reading and Chinese culture lessons taught in Chinese. Our teachers are all native speakers with a lot of experience. Our weekly field trips go to different places like SF zoo, tech museums, fire stations etc.8. Camp Jano India can give children a memorable experience probably because ______.A. it has quite experienced teachersB. it teaches Indian languages at different levelsC. the activities are arranged for the whole dayD. the activities are carried on in an interesting style9. Bay Language Academy and Chinese Immersion Summer Camp are similar in that ______.A. they both provide field tripsB. they both have bilingual teachersC. they both provide sports programs in the morningD. they are both intended for kids of 4-12 years old10. A girl who likes yoga will go to ______.A. Camp Jano IndiaB. Bay Language AcademyC. Petits ConfettisD. Chinese Immersion Summer Camp11. What is the common theme of the four camps?A. Fun and sports.B. Travel and adventure.C. Language and culture.D. Art and music.DOn Sunday, August 24th, comic book lovers across the world held their breath to watch how much crazy collectors would pay for a rare Superman comic book. Though bids (出价) above the initial asking price of 1 million dollars had been coming in gradually since the copy was placed on the auction site (拍卖网站) eBay on July 14th, things really started to heat up during the final minutes when the price jumped from $2.5 to $2.6 and then $2.7 million, before shooting up to unbelievable 3,207,852 dollars!This of course was no ordinary Superman comic book, but an edition of the extremely sought-after (很吃香地) No. 1 of Action Comics series — the first publication of the superhero that was born from the creative minds of teenagers Joe Shuster and Jerry Siegel. Though Action Comics No. 1, which depicted a diaper-clad baby Superman lifting furniture, had a print run of 200,000 copies, only about 100 are known to exist today.While the rarity is certainly a reason for the high price, Stephen Fisher, CEO of , thinks it also has a lot to do with the fact that Superman was the world’s first superhero! Even so, none of the copies have been able to fetch (售得) as much as the most recent one, simply because they have not been as well-preserved. Graded a rare 9 out of 10 by CGC, a third party grading service for comic books, the book is the highest rated copy of Action Comics No. 1 so far. According to CGC officials, the 76-year-old comic book looks and feels as though it has just come off the newsstand (报摊).That is not surprising given that the original owner, a Virginian man who bought the book for only 10 cents in 1938, had carefully tucked it away (藏起来) in a wooden box for four decades. Fortunately, when he passed away, the book was bought by a string of collectors who all realized it was a rare treasure that needed to be looked after.Before this, the highest price paid for an Action Comics No.1 had been $2 million for a copy sold by Hollywood actor Nicholas Cage in 2011. Ironically, the two teenagers responsible for creating Superman received just 130 dollars when they sold the rights to the superhero to comic book publisher Detective Comics in 1938.12. When the Superman comic book was placed on eBay on July 14th, .A. it attracted no attention at allB. things started to heat up immediatelyC. the bid price didn’t go up very quickly at firstD. people thought it was worth millions of dollars13. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A. Why the comic book is well-preserved.B. Why the comic book is well worth reading.C. Why the comic book is worth so much money.D. Why the comic book has drawn so much attention.14. When the other collectors got the comic book after the Virginian man, they .A. all took very good care of itB. all liked reading it very muchC. didn’t believe it was worth a fortuneD. all kept it in the same way as that man15. What do we know about the creators of Superman?A. They didn’t want to sell the rights to a comic bookpublisher.B. They knew all along Superman would be the most successful comic book.C. They were professional comic book writers when they created Superman.D. They didn’t make much money from creati ng Superman.第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2018届上海市上海中学高三英语模拟练习(一)(解析版)

2018年上海中学高三英语模拟练习（一）Grammarand VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passagecoherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill ineach blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, useone word that best fits each blank.Today theStatue of Liberty is a beloved landmark. It ___1___(tower) above of theharbor of New York and is lovingly cared for by the National Park Service. Manythousands of visitors who visit Liberty Island each year might never suspectthat getting the statue ___2___(build) was a long slow struggle. More than acentury ago, it ___3___(be) the celebration of freedom and the commemorationof the friendship between America and France that inspired sculptor AugusteBartholdi and finally he went forward with designing the potential statue andpromoting the idea of building it. However, money was so big a problem ___4___was haunting the two governments from the beginning to the end.Donations forthe building of the statue first began coming in throughout France in 1875.Numerous people gave donations. A copper company donated the copper sheets thatwould be used to fashion the skin of the statue. Various donations werehelpful, ___5___ the cost of the statue kept riding. ___6___(face) with ashortfall of money, the French-American Union held a lottery. Merchants inParis donated prizes, and tickets were sold. The lottery was a success, butmore money was still needed. The sculptor Bartholdi eventually sold miniatureversions of the statue, ___7___ the name of the buyer engraved on them.Finally, in July 1880 the French-American Union announced that enough money hadbeen raised to complete the building of the statue.While theFrench had announced that the funds for the statues were in place in 1880, bylate 1882 the American donations, which would be needed to build the pedestal,were sadly lagging. The sculptor Bartholdi had travelled to America in 1871 topromote the idea of the statue. Despite Bartholdi’s efforts, t he idea of thestatue was difficult___8___(sell). some newspapers, most notably the New YorkTimes, often criticized the statue as folly, and vehementlyopposed ___9___(spend) any money on it. The newspaper publisher JosephPulitzer, who had purchased a New Y ork City daily, The World, in the early1880s, took us the cause of the statue’s pedestal. He mounted an energetic funddrive, promising to print the name of each donor, ___10___ small the donation,Pulitzer’s audacious plan worked, and millions of people around the countrybegan donating whatever they could.In August1885, that final $100,000 for the statue;s pedestal had been raised.Construction work on the stone structure continued, and the next year theStatue of Liberty, which had arrived from France packed in crated, was erectedon top.【答案】1. towers2. built3. was4. as5. but6. Faced7. with8. to sell 9. spending10. however【解析】本文就是关于养宠物的好处，科学不能解释宠物的力量，但很多研究都表明有了宠物的陪伴(company of pets)，可以帮我们降低血压和恢复心脏功能，并且减少我们的孤独感。

2018上海各区高三英语一模——11选10(包含答案)

【2018-宝山区一模】Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.The discovery builds on earlier findings showed that a class of genes called splicing (胶接) factors is progressively switched off as we age. The research team found that splicing factors can be switched back on with chemicals, making aging cells not only look ____31____ younger, but start to divide like young cells.The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a ____32____ naturally found in red wine, dark chocolate, red grapes and blueberries, to cells in culture. The chemicals ____33____ splicing factors, which are progressively switched off as we age to be switched back on. Within hours, the cells looked younger and started to rejuvenate, behaving like young cells.The discovery has the ___34_____ to lead to therapies that could help people age better, without experiencing some of the degenerative effects of getting old. Most people by the age of 85 have experienced some kind of chronic illness, and as people get older they are more prone to stroke, heart disease and cancer.Professor Harries as saying, “This is a first step in trying to make people live ___35_____ lifetime, but with health for their entire life. Our data suggests that using chemicals to switch back on the major class of genes that are switched off as we age might provide a means to ____36____ to old cells.”Dr Eva Latorre, Research Associate at the University of Exeter, who carried out the experiments, was surprised by the ____37____ and rapidity of the changes in the cells.“When I saw some of the cells in the culture dish ___38_____ I couldn’t believe it. These old cells were looking like young cells. It was like magic,” she said. “I repeated the experiments several times and in each case the cells rejuvenated. I am very excited by the implications and potential for this research.”As we age, our tissues accumulate senescent cells which are alive but do not grow or ____39____ as they should. These old cells lose the ability to correctly regulate the output of their genes. This is one reason why tissues and organs become susceptible to disease as we age. When activated, genes make a message that gives the ____40____ for the cell to behave in a certain way. Most genes can make more than one message, which determines how the cell acts.Splicing factors are crucial in ensuring that genes can perform their full range of functions.31. I 32. B 33. H 34. D 35. C 36. J 37. A 38. E 39. G 40. F【2018-崇明区一模】Section BCompany Builds World’s First Automobile V ending Machine（自动贩卖机）Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world’s first and only coin-operated car vending machine in Nashville, Tennessee. It’s quick, easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the past two years. Their __31__ car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they’ve spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level. “Our new Vending Machine is a state-of-the-art, multi-story structure that delivers our customers’ cars by merely __32__ a special coin,” said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a(n) __33__ point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling __34__ pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they’re interested in on the Carvana website. They even get __35__ tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a seven-day trial period. This usually means the delivery costs are worked into the the __36__ of the vehicle.But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick up their cars straight away. It’s a win-win __37__ that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead（间接费用）, and save customers about $2,000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great __38__ experience – placing an oversized coin in a slot（硬币投币口）and watching their car roll down automatically.“Carvana’s __39__ is to create a better way to buy a car, and this n ew Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kindexperience, __40__ just how simple and easy we’ve made it to buy a car online,” Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.31. E 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. J 36. G 37. A 38. K 39. F 40. H【2018-奉贤区一模】Section BThere’s nothing more annoying than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquito buzzing around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is “I need to get rid of this insect, immediately”, but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n) __31__ creature.A term of scientists from Oxford University in the UK, in __32__ with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan, recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world’s most __33__ insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1,000 frames per second, meaning the scientists were able to study the insects’ __34__ in never-before-seen detail. However, it wasn’t always straightforward.“Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size, __35__ wing beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can __36__ the view of their wings,” S imon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote.Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. As a __37__, house flies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second.Richard Bomphrey of the Royal Veterinary College, the study’s leader, believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects.“We predicted that they must make use of clever tricks, as t he wings __38__ their direction at the end of each。

上海市徐汇区2018届高三一模英语试题Word版含答案

Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a bank. B. On the street. C. At home. D. In a cafe.2. A. A concert. B. A book sale. C. A banquet. D. An art exhibition.3. A. 50 minutes. B. 25 minutes.C. An hour and a quarter.D. An hour and a half.4. A. The train will arrive on time. B. The train is late due to the storm.C. The woman will take the next train.D. The woman has to wait for the train.5. A. She talks too much. B. She doesn’t like speaking.C. She is always very frank.D. She often talks loudly.6. A. She doesn’t want to have a birthday party. B. She doesn’t like the gift.C. She wants to forget her birthday.D. She doesn’t want to grow old.7. A. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening.B. The film is not worth seeing at all.C. The man won’t go to the movies with the woman.D. The mail is very tired from his work.8. A. The summer this year is terribly hot. B. Last summer was even hotter.C. Hot weather helps people lose weight.D. Light was stronger this morning.9. A. He should have invited Mary. B. He is doing business with Mary.C. He was not a man of his word.D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party.10. A. She would rather invite more people to come.B. They prepared too much food at a previous meeting.C. The family members always eat a lot.D. They should prepare more food and drinks.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She was born in a poor family.B. She worked as a doctor in her early life.C. She spent her whole life in London.D. She decided to help the poor when she was young.12. A. Because of the poor living conditions.B. Because she was sent to a settlement house.C. Because of her health problem.D. Because her family moved to another city.13. A. She founded the first settlement house in America.B. She wrote books about the problems faced by the poor.C. She introduced laws to help workers, women, and children.D. She helped those had come to America from other countries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are available in different languages except Russian.B. They are a range of useful desktop publishing packages.C. They are not allowed to be taken out of the college.D. They can help the students with their language learning.15. A. Consult him frequently. B. Use the computer regularly.C. Occupy the computer early.D. Print essays patiently.16. A. Micro-computer lab service. B. Facilities of a college.C. The use of micro-computers.D. The operating of printers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He is the journalist of a local newspaper.B. He is a huge fan of international stories.C. He is an experienced editor of a TV program.D. He is an advocate for environmental protection.18. A. Current trends in economic development. B. Domestic issues of general social concern.C. International relations and foreign policies.D. Conflicts among different political parties.19. A. Based on what the public wants to know.B. By interviewing people who have stories.C. By analyzing the current social problems.D. Based on public expectations and editors’ judgment.20. A. First-hand stories. B. Practical experience.C. Audience’s feedback.D. Educational background.Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators (管理员) dream of finding (21) ________ (hide) secrets in the masterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a dead grasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said they discovered the dead insect in o ne of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh’s Olive Trees, when it (22) ________ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.It was spotted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster th at she found it in the work’s l ower foreground. “(23) ________ (look) at the painting with the microscope, I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24) ________ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.“We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of him battling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he’s got to walk back to his studio through the fields. What’s fun is that we can come up wit h all these stories for (25) ________ the insect landed in the paint.”Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26) ________ (far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27) ________ (examine) the grasshopper fu rther. He discovered that part of the insect’s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28) ________ it somehow landed on the artist’s wet canvas and could not be used for da ting purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29) ________ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30) ________ they can spot the dead insect.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Experts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released _(31)_ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could “reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent _(32)_ activities such as money laundering (洗钱),” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also _(33)_ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid developmentof cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and _(34)_.Alibaba’s Hema store, w here customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purchase goods wit h cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply _(35)_ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, also _(36)_ campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishme nt of a “cashless society”, which caused _(37)_ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong _(38)_ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. “As the economy grows，the _(39)_ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.“Also, it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy _(40)_ brought by the Internet,” Dong said. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens, most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.Students in the study became _(41)_ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not _(42)_ it.Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal (潜意识的) effect on _(43)_, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest th at the _(44)_ goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have die unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience.”Thinking about fast food increases _(45)_ for time-saving products. “More _(46)_, we foundthat the mere exposure to fast fo od symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate _(47)_ over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.”Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains —McDonald’s, Burger King, K FC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what t hey were but the subliminal effect was _(48)_. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than _(49)_ versions after seeing the logos. When asked weather they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose _(50)_ reward after being exposed to the brands.Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate _(51)_The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food _(52)_ whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “_(53)_, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is t aking a walk in the park.”“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is _(54)_ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling (狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no _(55)_ at all.”41. A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid42. A. recognize B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall43. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour44. A. common B. unconscious C. primary D. temporary45. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions46. A. naturally B. strikingly C. fortunately D. personally47. A. gain B. proof C. respond D. attention48. A. concealed B. imposed C. edited D.marked49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. original50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant51. A. cultivation B. resistance C. satisfaction D. awareness52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of D. with respect to53. A. In other words B. On the contrary C. For example D. In addition54. A. promoting B. assuming C. insulting D. assessing55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harm Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most inspiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The difference between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful people.” I personally experienced the wisdom of that understanding right after my first book was published. Like many authors，I expected hundreds of bookstore customers lining up for me to sign copies for them. I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation，I was put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like the book cover?After 90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutely distraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake up at 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and th en whisper, “Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing，I wondered if my entire life wasn’t just a big joke. At that moment, just when I couldn’t feel a ny worse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the way they were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But I didn’t know what else to say. Th e couple turned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” My heart began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“The reason we’re buying it，” she said hesitantly, “is be cause our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it had served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and sold well, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me moving ahead. Thanks to them, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _________.A. conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverance57. The word “distraught” (paragraph 4) probably means ________.A. bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58. What can be inferred from paragraph 5?A. The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B. The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C. The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D. The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.59. By saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose”, the author probably meansthat _________.A. he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB. he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC. he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD. he had found someone who appreciated his writing(B)60. The Raise mobile app is supposed to provide ________.A. sales information on school suppliesB. discounted gift cards for school itemsC. online shopping guidelinesD. a barcode on your phone61. If a college student wants to budget his finances and prevent himself from overspending, he will probably need ________.A. iStudiez ProB. SelfControlC. MintD. LifeSite Vault62. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To help college students increase learning efficiency.B. To recommend some helpful applications to students.C. To compare different types of online learning tools.D. To explain how to use some modem applications.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms (生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modem classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the gents (plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiari s, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modem taxonomy, a system of classifying nature basedon hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modem taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to ________.A. demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with little modifications.D. Modem taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protests?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. the Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Staying young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan —a character from James Matthew Barrie’s 1911 book —said: “All children, except one, grow up.”（67) ________According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children’s toy market itself. These toys ranged fi om puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials —people born between the 1980s and 2000s.“Adults of the 21st century a r e channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,” commented website Koreaboo. (68) ________According to Frederique Tutt, ail analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today’s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve. “It reminds me of the playfu l side of life,” Rob Willner，a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment.(69) _________ To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing “the thrills of youth” is the evidence that “adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymor e”, he told The New York Times. “That’s actually quite sad.”(70) ________ According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane，collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. “It’s just pop culture stuff. It’s stuff that says, ‘I like a little of this and I like a little of that’,” he told ABC News. “It’s no big deal.”So now that over 100 years have passed since Peter Pan, perhaps it’s time to introduce a new “fact”, as stated in the tagline of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: “Growing old is mandatory(强制的), but glowing up is optional.”Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it —and a child suffers. We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene (干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past wit hout comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtfu l criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”）and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs w h en you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”）There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse,hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse (虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’s feelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 今晚的音乐会门票已全部售罄。

上海市2018年黄浦区高三英语一模. 高考英语系列

上海市黄浦区2017-2018学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷（完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分）第I卷（共100分）I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.Before dinner. B.During the meal.C.After dinner.D.Tomorrow evening.2. A.In a hotel. B.At a bus station.C.In a cinema.D.At an airport.3. A.Salesman and customer. B.Boss and secretary.C.Doctor and patient.D.Doctor and nurse.4. A.4. B.5. C.6. D.7.5. A.The lecture. B.The heat.C.The workload.D.The air quality.6. A.Confident. B.Nervous. C.Uninterested. D.Annoyed.7. A.Visit the company. B.Re-write his resumé.C.Get a job on campus.D.Apply for a job with PICC.8. A.He is fearless. B.He is forgetful.C.He is helpful.D.He is thoughtful.9. A.Talking about sports. B.Writing up local news.C.Reading newspapers.D.Putting up advertisements.10. A.She expects to see him soon. B.She agrees with the man.C.She doesn’t believe he can do it.D.She will work for the library.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages.After each conversation or passage,you will be asked several questions.The conversation and the passages will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through14are based on the following conversation.11. A.The scientific steps to write a paper. B.A funny story that they read recently.C.An assignment of a creative writing course.D.A detective case that was just finished.12. A.She encountered a bottleneck when writing a story.B.She was happy that she finished the story easily.C.She was expected to finish the story in a month.D.She decided to give up the story eventually.13. A.Change to another topic. B.Give the story an ending first.C.Do work for another course.D.Write everything occurring to her.14. A.Buy jewels for her mother. B.Locate the security camera.C.Do some research for her writing.D.Rob a jewelry store for ideas.Questions15through17are based on the following passage.15. A.They don’t attach importance to scores. B.They attract fewer and fewer students.C.They will take place next week.D.They will no longer exist.16. A.To inspire young people to practice more.B.To encourage young people to be creative.C.To motivate young people to keep learning.D.To urge young people to start up companies.17. A.To bring more economic benefits. B.To help students memorize better.C.To change the present education system.D.To develop teachers’multi-skills.Questions18through20are based on the following passage.18. A.More communication with others. B.Construction of the life journey.C.Revealing of determination.D.Loss of the social identity.19. A.Depression and isolation. B.Walking around the corner.ck of sleep.D.Getting impatient.20. A.Making it possible to get a pay rise.B.Providing people with new business.C.Giving people time to think about their life again.D.Helping people to find jobs based on their hobbies.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Norway is Teaching Travelers to TravelAfter15people died during Easter in1967,the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Red Cross announced their campaign‘Welcome to the mountains,but be responsible’.Fjellvettreglene,the‘mountain code’(21)______encourages people to have a healthy and respectful relationship with nature,has since become a crucial part of Norwegian culture.It includes points such as bringing necessary equipment(22)______(assist) yourself and others,seeking shelter if necessary and feeling no shame in turning around.Nationally,Norway(23)______(experience)an11%increase in tourism in the past decade.From just1,000 tourists in the whole of2010,Trolltunga,a piece of rock that stands horizontally out of the mountain,(24)______ (see)1,800visitors in one2017day alone.Why?Because people want the same picture they see on Instagram and Facebook.A lot don’t care about the experience of the hike.They just want proof(25)______they did it.But, while good for the economy,this tourism boom has become a threat(26)______Norway’s natural environment.Used toilet paper,(27)______(abandon)tents and plastic bottles can be found littered all around Trolltunga. And with the high amount of people who come unprepared for such an active hike,Norway’s leading hiking group,Friluftsliv,also has called for regulations on the number of tourists(28)______(hike)to sse Heimdal, leader of the outdoor organization said,“On a busy day,you may have to wait in line for an hour and a half just to get a picture.To control this,we’d like to regulate(29)___________people can hike in a day.Starting hike times should also have regulations so people don’t start too late and find(30)______stuck up here.”Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.accommodationB.annualC.declineD.destinationE.dinersF.hostedG.ingredients H.precisely I.ranked J.remote K.talentedWorld’s Best RestaurantThe Black Swan,a rural pub in England has been named“the world’s best restaurant”by TripAdvisor.After scoring up positive feedback,the review website31the pub over fine dining establishments from New York to Paris in its32Travelers'Choice awards.So what’s it got going for it?Firstly,this isn’t some backwater pub enjoying in insignificance.Tommy Banks,a(n)33young cook,is already a TV regular in the UK and has had a Michelin star to his name since becoming the youngest receiver ever in2013at the age of24.Secondly,it's not really a pub anymore.Like many rural UK pubs,the Black Swan had been in34for many years before2006,when Banks'family took over.After their attempts to run it as a pub struggled,they decided to make it a dining35.It now operates as both restaurant and fashionable36,offering food-and-stay packages that help draw customers to its truly37location.It's usually booked up well in advance with38coming from near and far.During CNN's visit,neighboring tables included a couple on an overnight break from their kids.Another39 two of the Banks brothers'old school teachers,on a trip up from York—40the kind of crowd that have helped lift the Black Swan to TripAdvisor glory.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Could Buying Paintings Make You Rich?Is investing in paintings a good way to get rich fast?And how should you invest in art?“With extreme41”is the advice of Patrick Connolly,a financial adviser.“We don’t42our customers to invest in art because the downsides are greater than the upsides.It doesn't produce income or earnings.What you 43is exclusively based on supply and demand,and there are big movements upwards or downwards if there are changes in the economic environment,”he said.To invest in art as a true investment,you need a starting fund of at least$5,000.But it’s not just about having enough44to buy the painting in the first place.Expensive works of art are often stored in protective boxes complete with detectors to monitor humidity and temperature levels,and to protect them from sun damage or other 45such as a spilled cup of coffee.And if you do put it on your wall,then your insurance costs are likely to be high.If word gets out that you have expensive art hanging on your wall,then you're likely to be a46for thieves.Art is also not a regulated investment so when things go wrong–for example,an artwork turns out to be a fraud（赝品）–then investors cannot fall back on47for any repayment.Of course given the current environment of low interest rates,that's still a(n)48return than many savings accounts will give you.As art has no association to the stock market,it means paintings can49in value even when the market crashes,making it a good option for investment50.It is reported that after a decrease in the global art market throughout2016,auction（拍卖）sales51in the first six months of2017.Yet you don't necessarily have to be super-wealthy to invest in art.There are a growing number of art fairs and online marketplaces aimed at buyers with a more52budget.Most art industry experts suggest that you buy a piece of art because you like it,not because you want to get rich.The most53approach is probably to buy something you like and can54and,be prepared to keep it just for your own pleasure.If it goes up in value that should be just a(n)55benefit.41.A.accuracy B.carefulness C.enthusiasm D.generosity42.A.beg B.control C.forbid D.recommend43.A.get back B.look into C.take out D.turn to44.A.desire B.energy C.money D.time45.A.accidents B.appliances C.measures D.drinks46.A.partner B.spectator C.target D.therapy47.A.initiative B.regulation C.strategy D.tradition48.A.better B.earlier C.healthier D.lower49.A.fall apart B.fall down C.go ahead D.go up50.A.funds B.levels C.selections D.rates51.A.ceased B.proceeded C.recovered D.shrank52.A.fixed B.limited C.massive D.modest53.A.creative B.direct C.flexible D.sensible54.A.afford B.preserve C.transfer D.undertake55.A.added B.maximum C.obvious D.socialSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Post-00s is a documentary about growing up.It covers almost every aspect of millennials’experiences on their path toward adolescence–their struggles with schoolwork,their relationship with peers,their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family,and their growing desire to keep a distance from their parents.But this five-episode series was different from any other TV program with a similar theme.Post-00s was filmed over a period of10years,during which the show’s makers followed a group of kids from when they were infants through to when they became teenagers.In other words,the show’s“characters”grow older for real,and their stories are all real.“Coming-of-age”stories,as they’re known,have a special appeal.They satisfy our curiosity of looking at someone else’s life,and we become more and more attached to the characters as if we truly know them.And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance,we also can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality.After all,there’s no re-writing of the script（剧本）and there’s no turning back–this is real life.This realness can also be seen in Boyhood,a2014film that won the Silver Bear award for best director at the64th Berlin International Film Festival.During a period of12years,the film follows the life of Mason Jr–played by US actor Ellar Coltrane–from when he was6to when he finished high school.One of Boyhood’s appeals comes from its“ordinariness”.Mason Jr isn’t some child genius...He is a quietly spoken,fairly typical American boy,growing up in the Texas suburbs.He likes riding his bike and playing video games.While coming-of-age stories may look ordinary on the outside,they often allow us to look underneath the surface and see something extraordinary–the power of life itself.56.In the documentary,we see post-00’s growing experience EXCEPT__________.A.how they deal with their studiesB.how they help look after brothers or sistersC.how they get along with people of their ageD.how much they long to be independent of their parents57.What do Post-00and Boyhood have in common?A.They’re intended to win an award for best director.B.The heroes and heroines are characters themselves.C.They’re a kind of reality show of ordinary kids’growth.D.The stories are based on true life but polished by writers.58.Audience are interested in“coming-of-age”stories because__________.A.they can see the truth of lifeB.they know the characters wellC.they are much fond of gossipD.they appreciate stories of daily life59.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A.Post-00s are different geniusesB.Actors are ordinary charactersC.Documentary is real lifeD.Life is one big story(B )B BC SHOPrming.Inspiring.WHAT A RELIEF!Delight everyone on your holiday gift list with great gifts from the BBC.You’ll earn heartfelt thanks from nature lovers for Planet Earth I&II:The Complete Collection(page41)–inspiring look at our planet’s wildest,most mysterious creatures and their breathtaking home.…from mystery lovers for Sherlock:Complete Seasons1-4and The Abominable Bride Giftset(page13)–entertaining proof that Holmes can be difficult,dangerous,accurate,and absolute funny.…and from those who appreciate all things British.Delight Charles Dickens fans with Dickensian(page7).The new drama series with more adventures for Dickens’characters…Dinner with Dickens Cookbook(page9)with procedures for his favorite dishes…and Tom Baker Reads“A Christmas poem”(page8)for a wonderful new holiday tradition.Plus teapots,T-shirts,shortbread,mugs and more–just in time for the holidays.Enjoy!NEWTHE MOMENTWelcome to murder,suspense,romance,robbery and clothing in this excitinghistorical drama!Trouble begins for Rachel Verinder the day she inherits a large diamond stolen from a Hindu temple.When it disappears again,suspicion falls on Franklin Blake,the man who loves her.But what about mysterious cousin Godfrey,the housemaid with a thieving past,and doctor who experiments with opium（鸦片）? Blake must discover the fate of the Moonstone or lose Rachel forever.A powerful tale and emotionally sudden changes,based on the first-ever English detective novel by Wikie Collins.3¾hours.DVD21024$34.99YOUR PRICE:￥27.98WALKERS CHRISTMAS TREE SHORTBREAD AND TINSSanta and a beautiful Angel put the finishing touches on Christmas tree tins–perfect centerpieces and holiday decorations that your family and friends will enjoy year after year.Lift the treetops and taste the delicious secret inside:pure butter shortbread shaped like mini-Christmas trees,and made from only finest ingredients–flour,butter,sugar and salt.Baked in the village of Aberlour in the Scottish Highlands,they follow a generations-old family procedure,first perfected by Joseph Walker in1898.While the shortbread will disappear as if by magic,the tins will hold your holiday cookies and candy for many Christmases to come.Wonderful hostess gifts.Both tins:6〃h×4¾〃d;net wt4.4oz.Angel21042$19.98Santa21043$19.9860.Tom’s wife is a home baker,so he’d better refer to Page______for a Christmas present for her.A.8B.9C.13D.4161.Which of the following statements is TRUE about“The Moment”?A.It is an adapted drama lasting nearly4hours.B.The story,rather than the actors,is attracting.C.There are three suspects for stealing the diamond.D.It is based on Wikie Collins’most famous detective novel.62.What can be learned about the shortbread?A.It usually disappears in a magic way together with the tin.B.It follows a secret procedure perfected by Joseph Walker.C.It is wrapped in a tin with both Angel and Santa on it.D.It is traditionally family-baked in Scotland.(C)①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life.According to Dr Tanya King,senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University,“It’s Australians’egalitarianism,sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built.In Australia’s founding era in the late1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors.The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish,was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal,with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’.Because of this,an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers.They may not have had power,education or wealth,but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times.Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their newconditions in life’.Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so‘have a Captains Cook’(have a look),became‘ava captains’.This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses.Words like‘good day’became‘g’day’,and barbecue was‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’dry,self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor.While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side.On one road trip,as I hit the state line and entered Victoria,I drove past some blackened trees,the leftovers of a recent bushfire.A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent,but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct.Behind the figure,someone had drawn flames making it look as though the animal’s tail was on fire.I couldn’t help but laugh–it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s‘nothing upsets us’and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space.This,along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate,all contribute to Australians’relaxed attitude.63.The underlined word“egalitarianism”is closest to__________in meaning.A.criminalityB.crueltyC.equalityernmentalism64.Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A.They use more slangs than other people.B.They give new meanings to existent words.C.They favour shortened forms of expressions.D.They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65.What can be inferred from paragraph4?A.Kangaroos’living conditions are getting tougher.B.Forest fires threaten Australians’life to a great extent.C.Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D.Australians’jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66.The passage mainly talks about__________.A.how the late1700s impacted AustraliaB.why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC.what contributes to Australians’relaxed lifestyleD.how Australians present their attitude towards lifeSection CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.That turned out to be not exactly correct.B.But Buchanan warned against such an assumption.C.But a number of business organizations say it should remain untouched.D.But what works for a clothing company might not work for a different one.E.Raising the minimum wage is identified as a key way to address the income gap.F.For opponents of a wage increase,increasing the minimum wage could reduce total employment byabout500,000jobs.More Clarity Needed on Wage DebateThese days,the minimum wage has become something of a big issue in America.67For supporters,16.5 million low-wage workers could see an increase in their weekly earnings and900,000people could rise above the poverty line.Gap Inc,has decided to increase the minimum hourly rate it pays employees to$9this year and then$10next year.The company’s announcement will affect65,000Gap employees by2017.Clearly Gap officials believe the money they invest in higher wages will pay off in increased sales and customer satisfaction.There’s certainly nothing wrong with that.68Also last week,Wal-Mart found itself at the center of the wages gossip when it was reported that the company was looking at supporting an increase in the minimum wage.69Wal-Mart spokeswoman Brooke Buchanan said the company remains neutral on the idea of a minimum wage increase,but“obviously it’s something that we look at closely,as any other company would”.She said that more than99percent of company associates are paid above the current minimum wage.It has been discussed how increased income for low-wage workers might translate into increased spending.So it’s reasonable to say that a company like Wal-Mart could see a jump in sales if the minimum wage rose.70“That is assuming that consumer behavior would be,‘If they have more money,they’ll spend more money,’”she said.“That isn’t always necessarily true.If we had a crystal ball,we could guess what consumer behavior would be in the future if a minimum wage increase goes through.But you just can’t.”IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no moree your own words as far as possible.Are Open Offices Good for Us?Four years ago,Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before–moved his team into an open concept office.His staff had been entirely working from home,but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily.It quickly became clear,though,that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy,not to mention Nagele himself.About three years after moving into the open office,Nagele moved the company into a10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space—complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office—about70%of US offices are open concept—and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors.But research that we’re15%less productive,we have huge trouble concentrating in open working spaces,has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost,one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork.However, it’s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we’re just shooting the breeze in a crowd. Instead,as many of us know,we’re more likely to hear about the Christmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member,or problems with your deskmate’s spouse.For jobs that require focus,like writing,advertising,financial planning and computer programming,some companies that aren’t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces.The trouble with that,is some of us don’t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own—it can feel as if we’re not pulling our weight if we’re not present.That’s particularly true in high-pressure environments.Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.第II卷（共40分）V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.选举的结果很快便在全世界传播开了。

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2018年上海高考英语第一次模拟考试试题与答案（本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟）。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)（听力部分不计入总分）（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

AA trip to Paris is not complete without a visit to the Eiffel Tower. To get the most out of your visit, read our tips below：Visit at NightRiding up the Eiffel Tower at night and looking out over the streets of Paris, you’ll see why Paris is known as the “City of Light”. At street level，the spotlights on the top of the Tower zoom across the Paris skyline, and the reflections of the Tower in the Seine are sights not to be missed.Purchase Your Ticket in Advance OnlineBypass the long ticket lines at the Eiffel Tower by purchasing your ticket online from the Eiffel Tower website. You’ll pic k a time to visit, and then select whether to print out the ticket or display it on your phone or iPad a convenient option if you buy your ticket in Paris without easy access to a printer.Don’t Bring Valuable Objects with YouBefore entering the Eiffel Tower, your bags will be examined by a security officer. If an item you are carrying sets off the metal detector, the officer will take you away from the line for further inspection. We’ve stood in line for hours behind people who missed their chance to go up the Eiffel Tower.Have Drinks and Snacks at the Eiffel TowerIf you’re like us，after an exciting trip to the Eiffel Tower，you’ll be ready to rest your legs and have a relaxing snack and a drink in a Parisian cafe. Across the Seine inthe Trocadero area, there are many elegant cafes. The atmosphere is great，but the prices are in the stratosphere. Actually, the perfect place for common visitors to eat and drink is on the Eiffel Tower itself.21. Why does the author suggest visiting the Tower at night?A. Because you can see the Seine as clear as possible.B. Because you can avoid the crowds and enjoy it peacefully.C. Because you can have a special sight of the city of Pairs.D. Because you can stand on the top of the Tower.22. What does the underlined word “Bypass” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Control.B. Avoid.C. Stand.D. Remember.23. Why did some people fail to go up the Eiffel Tower?A. Because they had a quarrel with the officer.B. Because they lost valuable objects.C. Because they set off the metal detector.D. Because they didn’t seize the ch ance.24. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The author recommends tourists have snacks at the Eiffel Tower.B. You spend more if you have snacks at the Tower.C. The author prefers to eat across the Seine.D. The Eiffel Tower provides expensive foods and drinks.BLike Indiana Jones (a fictional character),who undertakes daring adventures in his spare time,my father is a businessman by day and a thrill-seeker by night.His enthusiasm rubbed off on me,and I have been lucky to be his companion on many adventures.We started out by riding America's fastest,most twisted roller coasters.After that a whitewater rafting trip through the Grand Canyon（峡谷）on the Colorado River started our search for other extreme thrills across the globe.Amazing thrills awaited us at every corner of the world.Skydiving was especiallythrilling when performed from a helicopter over the breathtaking Swiss Alps.We have bungee jumped from the world's highest platform, Bloukrans Bridge in South Africa.Most recently,in Interlaken,Switzerland,we attempted canyoning（溪降运动）.Anyone who loves a challenging thrill should try canyoning.Our adventure began with a 90-foot rope down a canyon wall into a rushing ice-cold river.Then we crossed the bone-chilling water toward the mouth of the river,our final destination,where the reward for the journey would be a whole view of the beautiful Interlaken basin.We slid over slippery rocks at one moment,jumped from waterfalls and swam through underwater tunnels the next.Back and forth we alternated,climbing rope ladders before going back into the fresh mountain water.Certainly,clanger was waiting for us in each of these activities,but that very danger provided the rush.Canyoning was indeed one thrill after another,from beginning to end.While canyoning is possible only in certain places,thrills and adventure can be found anywhere.Our beginnings in the U.S. showed us just that.We continue to seek the big thrills,but in doing so,we have learned to seek lesser excitement in daily life as well.After all,we can't go canyoning every day,and small thrills are better than none for us thrill-seekers.25. What do we know about the author's father?A. He is a very successful bushinessman.B.He is doing a part-time job.C.He enjoys experiencing adventures.D. He likes Indiana Jones very much.26. What does the underlined phrase "rubbed off on" mean in paragraph 2?A. relate toB.affectC. keep offD.confuse27. What did the author and his father do when attempting canyoning?A. Jumped down from waterfalls and swam across the icy water.B. Jumped down a canyon river and crossed it.C.Climbed over a rope ladder and swam through underwater tunnels.D.Climbed down a canyon wall and swam across the rushing icy river.28. What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph?A. Small thrills in daily life are worth a try as well.B.We had better go abroad to experience canyoning.C. Canyoning is not suitable for everyone.D.America is the most proper place to experience adventures.CDo you have a business brain? Are you always looking for the next big idea? Maybe, like me, you might feel setting up a new company is something you might do when you’re older, when you have more experience. But that’s not always the case.While some of us may feel young adulthood is a time of uncertainly finding our place in the world, sleeping late and partying hard, others are already on a path to great business success. Take the founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates, who started his company as a young university student at Harvard in the US. There are many other examples of young entrepreneurs (企业家) who have become hugely successful, proving that there’s no minimum age to becoming top dog.But to be the next business executive requires effort. You need to acquire a keen mind and good business intelligence and above all, you need enthusiasm. Starting a new business comes with an element of risk but if you are able to spot the next big idea, it’s probably worth giving it a try. Jessica Rose owns a jewelry making business and admits that “when I first started I had no business training but when I wok e up one day, I thought I’d really love to be a jewelry designer.” She went on to be a successful young entrepreneur.Being young and in business does have its drawbacks; you may worry you have nothing to bring to the table and that the people who work for you tend to be older and wiser. That’s what young British entrepreneur Suleman Sacranie found. He started his third business while studying chemistry at university. He says “now I’ve got two additional directors who have grey hair” but when they first sta rted he says he could tell they were thinking in the back of their heads, “I’ve got a kid sitting in front of me.”You may think setting up a new start-up is easier said than done. As well as ideas, you need financial backing and expert guidance. But if yo u’re studying hard at university and don’t have the desire to go into business and make your fortune, keep on studying – an education is priceless!29. At the very beginning, what’s the author’s attitude to the necessity of being agedand experienced in setting up a new company?A. Supportive.B. Impersonal.C. Negative.D. Critical.30. The author takes Jessica Rose for example in order to show that __________.A. it is easy to set up a new businessB. enthusiasm is more important than a keen mindC. business training is not necessaryD. doing business needs great effort31. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A. Older directors shouldn’t be employed if you are young.B. Age plays an important role in setting up new business.C. If you don’t intend to set up business, just focus on your study.D. Education is more valuable than setting up a business.DAre you the type of person who has to plan everything? Doyou like to the surprised? Or are you the type who opens your birthday presents when you find them hidden in the closet?How do people determine the sex. why do people want to know. and what impact does it have on their pregnancy?While the potential risks of ultrasound(超声波)are thought to he lowest. it is not recommended simply to find out the sex of your baby. There is also the question of accuracy. Ultrasound is less accurate than genetic testing. Ultrasound is available to the majority of pregnant women. despite the warning against the routine use of ultrasound.Genetic testing is 99. 1 % accurate in determining the sex of your baby. However, genetic testing carries the risk of losing the pregnancy or harming the pregnancy. Amniocentesis(羊膜穿刺术)is usually said to have a 1%～2% loss rate and anadditional 1%～2% infection or problem rate. There have also been reports of disorder. Recent studies suggest that this problem is reduced if done after 10 weeks.Knowing the sex of your unborn baby can be for common reasons. such as decorating a baby room. or it can he for medical reasons, such as a sex-linked gene disorder.The impact of knowing the sex of your unborn baby can be anywhere front tiny things. such as decorating a nursery to high impact such as deciding to stop a pregnancy because of a sex-linked disorder. There is also the question of accuracy and bringing your new baby boy home to his pink room and closet full of dresses.There are ways of predicting the sex of your baby that are not as accurate, and should not be used for diagnostic(诊断的)purposes but are fun. Either way you go. whether or not you choose to know. the surprise will eventually be revealed at that magic moment when you hear."It's a…”32. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. The condition of an unborn baby.B. The habit of planning everything.C. The labor to find hidden presents.D. The act of knowing the sex of an unborn baby.33. Compared with genetic testing. determining the sex of an unborn baby byultrasound is considered______A. less commonB. less accurateC. more riskyD. more useful34. What can we know about ultrasound from the text?A. It is the most dangerous for routine use.B. It shouldn't be used on pregnant women too often.C. It shouldn't be available to pregnant women at all.D. It shouldn't be used to determine the sex of an unborn baby.35. What，the text mainly about?A. Impacts on babies after testing them.B. Ways and benefits to know the sex of an unborn baby.C. Dangers of knowing the sex of an unborn baby.D. Techniques to change the sex of an unborn baby.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。