strange foreign habit
strange的用法和固定搭配
strange的用法和固定搭配1. "Strange can be used to describe something that is unusual or unexpected, like 'That's a strange noise!'. Isn't it amazing how we use it to point out the weird things?"2. "You know what, 'strange to say' is a common phrase. For example, 'Strange to say, I actually enjoyed that horror movie!'. Can you think of other ways we use it like this?"3. "Have you ever said 'feel strange'? It means to have an odd or uncomfortable sensation. 'I feel strange after eating that food.' It's such an easy way to express that off feeling, right?"4. "There's also 'strange as it may seem'. Like, 'Strange as it may seem, I miss the rainy days.' Isn't it funny how that can be true sometimes?"5. "Ever heard of 'strange bedfellows'? It refers to unlikely partners. 'Politics makes strange bedfellows!' It really shows the unexpected alliances that can form, huh?"6. "We also use'strange' in 'look strange'. Say, 'You look strange in that outfit!' It's a direct way to point out something that stands outin a not-so-good way. Have you ever gotten that comment?"7. "And then there's'strange that...'. For instance, 'Strange that he didn't show up.' It makes you wonder why, doesn't it?"8. "Think about 'be strange to'. 'This place is strange to me.' It means not familiar. We all have those moments when we feel that way, don't we?In conclusion, strange has so many interesting usages and fixed expressions that we use in our daily conversations. It really adds variety to our language.。
调查迁徒动物英文作文
调查迁徒动物英文作文英文回答，Migration is a common behavior among many animal species. It is a fascinating phenomenon that allows animals to move from one place to another in search of food, suitable breeding grounds, or better living conditions. The reasons for migration can vary from species to species, but the ultimate goal is to ensure survival and reproduction.One of the most well-known examples of migratoryanimals is the wildebeest in Africa. Every year, over a million wildebeest migrate in search of fresh grazing pastures. This mass movement not only provides the wildebeest with ample food supply but also benefits the ecosystem as a whole. The wildebeest migration is a spectacular sight that attracts tourists from all over the world.Another remarkable example of migratory animals is the Arctic tern. This small bird holds the record for the longest migration, traveling from the Arctic to theAntarctic and back again each year. The incredible journey covers a distance of over 70,000 kilometers, making it one of the most impressive feats in the animal kingdom.Migration is not limited to land animals and birds. Many marine animals, such as whales and sea turtles, also undertake long-distance migrations. For example, humpback whales travel thousands of kilometers from their feeding grounds in polar regions to warmer waters for breeding and calving. Similarly, sea turtles migrate across oceans to lay their eggs on specific beaches.In conclusion, migration is a vital aspect of many animal species' lives. It allows them to adapt to changing environmental conditions and ensures their survival. The incredible journeys undertaken by migratory animals never cease to amaze and inspire us.中文回答，迁徒是许多动物种类中常见的行为。
Americancharacterandhabits美国人性格与习惯
American character and habits[Abstract]Cultural differences, the first in customs. Culture shock is due to customs difference. Therefore, the United States to study cultural adaptation, the first to understand and adapt to American customs. Romans, can adapt to American culture, but also on various occasions that allow them to avoid making inappropriate moves, let you feel down or embarrassed. Arriving in the United States, nervous excitement is inevitable, and will be very excited; you hope to be able to quickly melt into American society. Asking someone else more for you to solve cultural barriers and see more and hear more can open imports to independent proactive attitude to overcome initial challenges. Make foreign friends, broaden their horizons, and improve English proficiency. The more opportunities to solve problems independently, English is also more rapid progress. Rights and obligations of the United States is a clear, customer-oriented society, and you try to express your displeasure, and correct their mistakes.[Key Words]American character; Habits; Get along with AmericanEvery nation has its own unique personality; people often talk about British modesty, French romance, Japanese Woman's supple, etc. Similarly, the American character has its distinctive features.Americans are generally cheerful, sociable, informal etiquette. The first meeting is not necessarily shake hands, sometimes just smile, and say "Hi" or "Hello" is even polite. Americans generally shake hands with women gently. In farewell, they just waved to you or said "goodbye", "See you tomorrow." But if others bow to them, they also use the appropriate etiquette, such as shaking hands, nodding, hugging, and salute and so on. When you first make an American friend, he will tell be talking with you even forever. More glances to strangers with no intention when you walk in the street, he might smiling nod to you, or call out "hello"; if your car broke down on the road, the enthusiastic people help you repair; if you got lost in the streets, and people were eager to help you.Americans do things fast-paced make visitors feel puzzled, and the first impression is probably all of them are Americans rush. It becomes very impatient even if they are blocking a moment, At first, you might think this is unfriendly to you. The bus drivers urge you; shop assistant hurried to treat you; Y ou buy something or go out to eat, no one told you joking greeting. Do not think that Americans are in such a hurry to you expressed unfriendly. Typically, outside the large cities have slower paceof life; in fact, other countries also have same phenomenon.They find out you were a stranger, most will be friendly and try to help you. If you need help or would like to ask what the problem is, you may find kind man, and say to him: "I was out of town, can you help me?"At this point, most people would stop and give you a smile pointing way or reply to your question. But you have to let them know you need help, otherwise they will probably come from your side. Occasionally you will encounter a hurry to act them too busy or can not help you. In such circumstances, you do not be discouraged, just get somebody else. Most Americans are willing to help foreign visitors.Americans do not like to be subordinated to others when dealing with each other and do not like people too polite to compliment yourself. Americans are worried about the entry of others deemed unapproachable been isolated which mean loneliness campaign failed to politicians.Therefore, Americans make friends and hope to give people a good impression, but can often lack the kind of heart-familiar.The second feature of the American character is independent and enterprising. They do not like to depend on others, do not like people dependent on them; develop independently from the urine of Americans struggle; do not rely on their parents. On the street, every morning you can see eleven-year-old boy delivering newspapers door to door regardless of wind and thunder rain.They will come up the social life of great benefits. the results obtained by their own scholarships or work part time earn tuition. They have to leave their parents live on their own when they are in adulthood;Once you get married, they even move about independently, rely on their own ability in the United States. Y oung couples have children and tend completely on their own instead of expecting grandmother or grandmother to take care of grandchildren. However, these independent spirits in the United States tend to become old tragedy.A third characteristic of the American character is pragmatic.They did not like the French like rambling fantasy, like the British did not speak panache to face.They admired the kind of savvy stronger than man. They can solve many things on their own. Most Americans know how to use the machine, repair of electrical equipment, furniture, paint and stucco walls. They believe that doing these menial jobs in life is granted. On the contrary, those nerds, fake gentleman, talkative short lines will be made fun of.American way of thinking has a big difference from which we had. English is this expression: 1) Like to be different; 2) Agree to disagree; 3) Everything is above board."Disabled priority, ladies first, the elderly priority, children first" is the American habit. Because they are vulnerable, people deserve health care. Americans do things all in regulations. Therefore, the queue becomes their established habits. Y ou have to wait until he or she calls you when it's your turn, and you can cross the yellow line toreceive services. Otherwise you will be criticized.Americans dressed very casually. They usually wear very little when the weather is hot, and a windbreaker or denim fabric is wrapped when it is cold. Only in formal occasion wear suits, skirts and other more formal clothes.Therefore, important events should pay attention to the dress code on the invitation. If you are unsure clothing requirements, they may first ask the other participants.Americans love to develop a healthy habit. Americans would say when you are walking on the streets in the United States for a week, and your shoes do not rub. Y ou go to school, and feel thirsty, you can drink tap water. After eating, the customer will consciously take home in doggy bags. And try not to make noise when eat dinner. No littering, spitting chaos.Americans use body potential language than we do. Shrug and face with unhappy expression expresses surprise and shrugging and smiling means sure. Thumb and forefinger form the number "6", which means "consent." Americans speak, move the body all the time, but without losing the sense of humor, you have to pay attention. Speech, the body can not give back, not too far away from the speaker should face each other. Thumb and index finger rubbing beep expresses encouragement, support, or having a new idea. Hands crossed together or on the waist pledge to fight pose. A palm facing up to greet people coming back and forth movement represents.With American friends shaking hands should be hard not too small, otherwise there is impolite suspected. The Americans are language-rich, sometimes hand catch to your shoulders, which means that affirmation and encouragement. Chinese people are more conservative character and difficult to greet strangers, but a greeting after he thought had friendship with each other. As everyone knows, the greetings and friendship between Americans is nothing. Americans understand this custom, on the one hand to learn their culture greetings, good morning, good afternoon, good night, thank you, I'm sorry all day. We must also recognize that the United States is owned greetings and friendship.Generally speaking, Americans do not receive gifts. Some receiving gifts often seem somewhat embarrassed. But birthdays, weddings or patient visits, gifts or inevitable.In addition, the Americans believe that the singular is auspicious. Sometimes only get three pears not feel happy, it is unlike the Chinese people pay attention to pairs. Americans received a gift, be sure to immediately open----at the front of the giver's face -----appreciate gift or sample and immediately thanks to the giver.In the United States, if you want to visit, you must first make a call the appointment. If the owner please resumes your seat, you not sit down immediately in order to express polite, but will make the owner feel uneasy, thinking chair unclean or other inconveniences. When a guest is not free to watch the master table of the wordof paper or read files. Do not fondle indoor antique curios, not to ask the price of indoor appliances.Do not smoke. If you want to smoke, you should first ask here whether they mind if the owner initiative to invite you to smoke, even if they have a smoke, has to accept the owner's smoke, rather than reject each other and suck their own. Otherwise, the owner will think that you are looking down on him and feel very happy.Do not leave immediately after a meal and the owner should have a chat for a while, and then leave. If it is someone's home to go to a couple of guests, leave to stand by his wife first. In more formal banquet, if more guests, you should wait a bit high elderly guests or important ladies first left after he will leave. If guests need something to go ahead, the owner should ask forgiveness before leaving. If you are not familiar with the owner, then a stranger after a call to the owner should be thanked, or write a "thank you" sent to the owner of the short Cambodia, so that the more comprehensive the courtesy.More open exchanges between American men and women. Dating men and women sometimes do not have other meanings, does not mean that will become a special partner. Therefore, if you want to meet someone to talk or watch movies, eat, in order to enhance mutual friendship and spend a pleasant time, as proposed initiative generous, both men and women can take the initiative to offer. Of course, there are some rules of dating American men and women, especially in the beginning stages. If you want to invite an American girl eating alone, please be sure to point the different meanings lunch and dinner.In general, the more casual lunch, easily accepted; dinner more seriously, after a meal may be further developed. So the first invitation, it is best to eat lunch as easily. Chinese female students as male students invited by the United States, also pay attention to different lunch and dinner. If you do not want to go to each other's appointments or make you uncomfortable with the move, you can kind but surely declined. In the United States, mutual respect is the basic principles of engagement, but also rights.The United States obey law, human rights in the country. Their values are equal and free. Therefore, marriage depends on the foundation that equality, mutual respect and preservation of privacy. Americans can have their marriage before several heterosexual friends, but after they get married to each other do not want to get involved in each of the opposite sex friends, once found, the divorce was inevitable. According to the U.S. habit, all important social events, banquets or parties held between friends, the couple attended together. I have found that American couples have a double into the right, very loving. However, the American divorce rate is high, which about 60% of the world's highest divorce rate in the country. It was the Americans marriage summarized twenty words: romantic teenager, passionate youth, middle-aged faithful, tragically old age.Of course, the white-collar marriage isrelatively stable.About money, Americans and the Chinese people have different attitude. Americans are generous to themselves, but to others, Americans are surprisingly careful, and don’t want to spend even a penny. On the contrary, the Chinese people liking to save are famous, and often conscious of their spending, but perhaps due to face relationship, a friend has been more generous. Together with the Americans to eat outside, pay each general account, even though they are women is also true.Even if the Americans propose to dinner, but also do not think that he or she is going to treat, and it is often still their pay. The Chinese people "who suggested who pays" habits are very different.In the U.S., it is best not to borrow money,even if you have to, because it is often denied. Of course, a little money can still be borrowed. However, Americans do have the habit of donations; many Americans donated large sums of money each year. This is very different from the Chinese people.Americans are also very pragmatic in terms of money. So they respect labor and remuneration calculation clearly. Friends went out to dinner, which is usually the payment of money;Tipping although the behavior of free evaluation of evidence, but there is the customary one, it is best to ask customs before entry. Generally speaking, tipping is about ten to fifteen percent or so in restaurant.But do not need to eat in the cafeteria to tip, if someone poured tea and inquired diligently demand, then according to the number of discretionary tip. Evening dining tip needed more than during the day. Tipping is an assessment of service quality; some waiters to will show particularly enthusiastic for tips. Remember never to penny tip, when the penny thrown on the table, even though you pay a lot of tips, is likely to be dissatisfied with the waiter misunderstood as their service is a humiliating manner.Unless the service is really bad, never be placed in the tip of any penny. Of course, if you pay by credit card, and the amount will be rounded tips and dining, it is not in this case.Americans see work as part of life. Despite they are wealthy; they have to have their own job. Their work is very professional, work efficiency is high. They think that wasting time is not idle. Working time and leisure time are entirely different. Americans like to talk about "the dignity of work".America's leading CEOs such a class may participate in any physical labor. They will be respected by others rather than look down.Americans work and rest time is very distinct. Business should be completed within the time at work.Americans prefer face to face or on the table in the negotiations finalized.Friday night is the night of friends get together, they can enjoy singing, dancing, drinking, playing games and other recreational activities. On Saturday, they took a family member or three or five friends drove to the outside world to play.Most shops open Monday through Saturday, half past nine or ten o'clock to 5:00pm, or about six. Some of the shops in the mall is open until nine p.m. Sunday will be open from noon until six later.Banking hours are relatively short, mostly Monday to Friday nine o'clock to 3:30 pm, some banks will extend the hours until Friday 6:00 pm Saturday morning. Regardless of companies and business firms, shopping centers, schools, generally there is no lunch break. The students have the habit of taking a nap are more difficult to adapt. Everyday life in the United States, Email has become the most practical, the most common means of communication. Communication between teachers and students in school, class, and usually use it to change jobs. Schools are used Email meeting notice.Major holidays: New Y ear's, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents' Day (Commemorating U.S. President George Washington and Abraham Lincoln's birthday), National Day (Independence Day), Labor Day, Columbus Day, V eterans Day, Election Day, Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day.Generally they are willing to entertain guests in their own homes, rather than customary dinner in a restaurant.Do not like steamed and braised dishes. Do not like too hot dishes like salt taste, avoid salty taste, slightly to the sweet side as well. Like to drink Coca-Cola, beer, ice, mineral water, whiskey, brandy and so on. Do not like the people in their own meal dish leftover food, which is considered impolite. Like China's Jiangsu, Sichuan, Cantonese cuisine.Do not put blacks in the United States called "Negro", preferably use "Black". Blacks on this call will readily accept. Negro mainly refers to trafficking to the United States from Africa as slaves’blacks. Otherwise, blacks will feel indemnity for his contempt.Understanding the Americans customs need daily accumulation. American universities or student research group often hold communicative activities or picnics, graduate had been invited. But the Chinese students often do not participate actively. In fact, this is not only an understanding of professors and students opportunity, but also a good occasion to understand American customs.If it is possible, and try to attend these activities. If you live in the United States home, there are more opportunities to exchanges with the Americans, and have a deeper understanding of the American way of life, customs, habits and values.In order to save the money, Chinese students often shared with others, many of whom are American roommate. This is also a good way to understand American culture.People often say: "do as the Romans."In fact, it is quite difficult to do. Some people suggested that Chinese students lose their cultural baggage, and adapt to the American culture, social and educational environment. Indeed, the vast majority of Chinese students to the United States, more or less have to do some cultural adjustments to adapt to the United States learning and living environment. But adapting to American culture completely, and give Chinese culture up, and may alsohave to be carefully considered. In fact, more than twenty years of the Chinese student in the United States, it is difficult to give up Chinese culture. The correct attitude is a positive awareness and understanding of Americans and American society, and do not need to give up your culture. Y ou're still a Chinese person, but an understanding of the United States, to know how to live in the United States.[Reference Materials]1、国人的性格(2012-01-04 10:23:22) 美国人尼亚加拉大瀑布夏威夷岛性格杂谈2、美国习俗礼仪：生活礼仪 2008年09月18日新浪教育美国人的生活礼仪3、美国人的生活习惯/syy/yywh/201107/22676.html。
国外文化差异的英文作文
国外文化差异的英文作文英文：Living in a foreign country can be an exciting and eye-opening experience. However, it also comes with its fair share of challenges, especially when it comes to cultural differences. These differences can manifest in various aspects of daily life, including communication, social norms, and customs.One of the most noticeable cultural differences I encountered when I moved to the United States was the concept of personal space. In my home country, people tend to stand closer to each other when talking, and physical touch is more common during interactions. However, in the U.S., I quickly learned that personal space is highly valued, and people prefer to maintain a certain distance during conversations. I remember one incident when I first arrived and unintentionally invaded someone's personal space during a conversation. The person seemeduncomfortable, and I realized that I had unknowinglycrossed a cultural boundary.Another cultural difference that I had to navigate was the communication style. In my home country, direct communication is often preferred, and people tend to speak their minds openly. However, in the U.S., I noticed that there is a greater emphasis on politeness and indirect communication. For example, when giving feedback, Americans tend to use more tactful language and may not alwaysexpress their true opinions directly. It took me some timeto adjust to this communication style and learn to read between the lines.Furthermore, social customs and traditions also vary significantly from country to country. For instance, in my home country, it is customary to remove shoes beforeentering someone's home as a sign of respect. However, inthe U.S., this practice is not as common, and it took me a while to get used to wearing shoes indoors. Additionally, holidays and celebrations may be observed differently, andI had to familiarize myself with new traditions and customs.中文：生活在国外是一种令人兴奋和开阔眼界的经历。
社会认同理论（Socialidentitytheory）
社会认同理论（Social identity theory）This classic social psychology study shows that people can form groups only with a little excuse, and begin to discriminate against other people who don't belong to this group.The behavior of people in groups is always fascinating and often annoying. Once people formed groups, we began to do strange things: imitation of other members of the group behavior, biased in their group members, looking for someone to pay homage, and against other groups of leaders. Just look at Sherif's Robbers Cave experiment and find out how easy it is to provoke conflicts between different groups.But look at the different types of groups you belong to, and you'll see that there's a big difference between them. Some groups are more like soldiers of the same combat force, who have known each other since they were young. The relationship lasts for a long time, and the members protect each other. Perhaps it is not surprising that people in this group have radically changed their behavior and defended their compatriots in many ways.Other groups, however, are not so close. For example, supporters of a sports club, or only a few months together to study the same topic of colleagues, even in a gallery appreciate the same painting of a group of people.Within any range of attention, it seems impossible for us to think that only 30 seconds of people standing in front of the same painting formed a group. Doesn't that seem too fleeting? That's exactly what social psychologist Henry Tajfel and hiscolleagues are going to answer.They believe that a group and the prejudices that follow it may take place in a very short time. In fact, they believe that even if there is no face-to-face communication between members, mutual understanding of each other, and their group behavior has no actual influence, there is likely to be a group. In other words, they have the form from this group had absolutely nothing to gain.Form a group of the most weak group concept"Tajfel and his colleagues came up with a simple and effective solution to prove their ideas. Some 14, 15 year old boys were taken into the lab as subjects and watched slides of Klee and Kandinsky's two paintings. They were told that the experimenter would divide them into two groups based on their preference for the paintings.Of course, this is a lie to produce the concept of "we" and "they" in their minds. The experimenters hope that these two groups of children have little or no idea about who and what they are, what they mean, or what they have.After the arrangements, the children were brought into a cubicle individually. Then each person was asked to distribute virtual money to other members of the two group. They know the information only about which group the boys belong to, and the code that belongs to that person.To find out which children are more inclined to be between theirown group and the other's group, the experimenter designed a series of rules. In some other trials, the rules were slightly altered to verify some other theories. Are these children distributing virtual money?:Fair?In order to gain the maximum common interest?In order to maximize the benefits of this group?In order to get the biggest gap between the two groups?Biased? This includes the combination of the maximum group benefit and the maximum gap between the two groups.A surprising discoveryAccording to the children's distribution of virtual money, the subjects did demonstrate the typical behavioral boundaries between groups: they were more likely to be peers than their counterparts in other groups. In many other trials, this pattern continues to evolve and has been replicated in other experiments. If you can believe it,In these experiments, the concept of group is even more weak.When I first saw this experiment, my first reaction was that it was so amazing. You know, those kids don't know who is in the same group, and who's in the other group. But one of the most puzzling things about the experiment is that these kidsdon't get any benefit from favouring themselves - nothing seems to affect their decisions.In the real world, there's a good reason to be partial to your group - in general, it's good for you too. You protect yourself by protecting someone else like you.Social identity theory (Social Identity Theory)But Tajfel thinks there's something about the boys' decision. It's a very subtle and profound thing.Tajfel believes that people are based on the identity of their own group. For example, think about who you belong to, for example, at work, or in your family. Your own identity is, in a sense, defined by these groups. In other words, the nature of your group determines your identity.In view of this statement, we want to become a high status, good image of a group of people will be normal. But the key point is that the level of status can be seen in comparison. That is to say, knowing that one's own group is superior to others requires another group of people who can look down on us.So, according to the social identity theory, the boys in the experiment do have the reason to be selfish when they allocate virtual money. It's all about raising your identity by making your group look better.criticismNo experiment can, or should, remain on its surface value. We have to ask if it really confirms the theory that the author claims it confirms. This experiment and its explanation are often criticized by two kinds.1. the behavior of the subjects can be explained by economic egoism. But in another experiment, the dummy currency was changed into a symbol, and the result was still the same.The 2. participants responded only to what they thought the experimenter wanted them to respond to. (psychologists call it "need characteristic"). But Tajfel thought the subjects didn't know what the experimenter wanted. In retrospect, the rules for distributing virtual money often change. What's more, the experimenter encouraged the participants to think about choosing which painter they liked (the first part), and there was no connection between the distribution of virtual money (the second part experiment).Despite these criticisms, Tajfel and colleagues' discovery has been tested by time. The experiments and similar experiments were repeated many times after changing the experimental variables, and the results were almost unchanged.Centrality of group membersThe theory of social identity shows that our identity is shaped by the group we belong to. The result is that we purposefully improve the relative image and status of our group and other groups.Tajfel and colleagues' experiments show that our subordinate groups are so important to ourselves that we can join the most short-lived group with little incentive. And then we spontaneously make the group that we belong to seem better than others.The importance of our communities to us, and the fact that we often unconsciously join different groups, are subtle and profound observations of human nature.。
中考英语重点单词大全
中考英语重点单词大全A动词：accept 接受 achieve 实现 advise 建议 afford 支付得起 answer 回答 appear 出现 add 添加 act 行动 allow 允许 agree 同意 arrive到达 ask 问 appreciate 欣赏 argue争论名词：advice建议 activity 活动 address 地址 age 年龄 air空气 attention注意 accident事故形容词：able能够的 awful可怕的 active活跃度 afraid恐惧的 alive活着的 amazing 令人惊异的 angry 生气的 asleep睡着的 anxious 焦虑的 actually实际的 alike 相同的 alone 孤独的代词：any 任何的 anybody 任何人 anymore 不再 anyone 任何人 anything任何事 anytime 任何时间 anywhere任何地方B动词：beat打败 begin开始 believe相信 borrow 借来 bring 带来 break 打破 build 建筑burn 燃烧 buy 买bother 打扰名词: bank 银行 breakfast早餐 bread 面包 business 商业形容词：beautiful美丽的 blind 盲的 boring无聊的 born 天生的 bright 明亮的 brave勇敢的 busy 忙的C动词：care 关心，在乎 call打电话 carry扛 catch 抓住 cause 导致 celebrate庆祝 change改变 chat 聊天 check 检查 choose 选择 clean 打扫 clear清除 climb攀爬 close 关 come 来collect收集 communicate 交流 compare比较consider考虑 continue 继续control 控制connect 连接 cook煮 copy 复制 cost 花费 count 有价值，数 cover覆盖cry 哭 create 创造 cross 横过 cut切名词: capital首都 cancer癌症 care小心 century世纪 chance机会 child 小孩 children小孩（复） choice选择city 城市 clothes 衣服 cloud云朵 collection收集 college大学 communication 交流 competition 比赛 contest比赛conversation对白 corner 拐角 country国家 countryside乡村 courage勇气 culture文化 course 课程 custom 风俗形容词：careful小心点 careless 粗心的 certain确定的 cheap 便宜的 clean干净的 clear 干净的 clever聪明的close 关着的 cloudy 多运动 colorful 多彩的 comfortable舒服的 common 共同的 confident 自信的 confusing令人困惑的 convenient 方便的 correct 正确的 crazy懒惰的 creative 有创造性的 crowded 拥挤的 cruel 残酷的 cute 可爱的D动词：dare敢于 deal处理 decide 决定 depend 依靠 describe描述 design设计 destroy 毁坏 develop发展 die 死亡 discover 发现 discuss 讨论 disturb打搅 divide分开 donate风险 draw画 dream梦想 drink喝 drop掉落名词: danger危险 date 日期 daughter 女儿 death死亡 decision决定 development发展 dictionary 字典 difference差异 discussion 讨论 disease疾病形容词：dangerous危险的 dark 黑的，暗的 dead 死亡的 deaf 聋的 deep 深的 delicious美味的 different不同的 difficult困难的 disappointing 令人失望的 dry干的E动词：eat 吃 encourage鼓励 end结束 enjoy 喜欢 enter 进入 examine检查 exchange改变 expect盼望 express 表现 explain 解释 escape逃离名词: east东放 energy 能量 example例子 exercise 练习 experience 经历，经验 excuse借口形容词：easy 容易的 embarrassed尬尴的 embarrassing令人尬尴的 empty空的 expensive 贵的 excited 兴奋的 exciting令人兴奋的 extra额外的F动词：fail 失败，不及格 fall落下 fear恐惧 feed 喂养 feel 感觉 fetch去拿来 fill 填满 finish 完成 fix 修理fly飞行 follow跟随 force强迫 forget 忘记 fight 打架 fool 愚弄 fit适合名词: factory 工厂 feeling感觉 fire火 flight 航班 floor 地板 foreigner外国人 future 未来friendship友谊 fun 玩笑，乐趣形容词：fat肥胖的 fast快速的 far 远的 famous 著名的 fair公平的 favorite 最喜欢的 foreign 外国的 free空闲的，免费的 friendly有好多 full 满的，饱的 funny 有趣的，滑稽的 fit适合的G动词：get得到 give 给 go 去 grow生长 guess猜测 greet 打招呼 guide指导名词:gift 礼物 gold金色 guest客人 grade年级形容词：good 好的 glad 高兴的 gentle温柔的H动词：happen发生 hate讨厌 have 有 hang悬挂 help帮助 hide隐藏 hear听到 hit撞击 hold 容纳，握 hope 希望 hurry 赶快，匆忙 hurt受伤名词: habit 习惯 half一半 hat帽子 head 头 health 健康 help帮助 history 历史 hundred 百 human 人类 housework 家务劳动 hotel 宾馆 hometown 家乡 holiday假日 hunger 饥饿 hurry 匆忙 husband丈夫形容词：happy高兴的 hard 困难的，硬的 hard-working努力工作的 helpful 有帮助的 healthy健康的 huge巨大的 honest诚实的 homeless 无家可归的 hungry饥饿的I动词：improve提高 include 包括 increase 增加 imagine 想象impress 印象 interview采访 introduce介绍 invite 邀请invent发明名词:illness 疾病 importance 重要information信息 instruction 命令interest 兴趣invitation 邀请island岛屿形容词：ill生病的 important重要的 impossible 不可能的 injured 受伤的 interesting 有趣的J动词：join参加 jump 跳跃名词:joy开心 jacket夹克 job工作 joke玩笑形容词：just公正的K动词：keep保持 kick 踢 kill杀 kiss 亲吻 know知道 knock敲门名词: king 国王 kitchen 厨房 kite风筝 key钥匙 kid小孩 knife小刀 knowledge知识形容词: kind和蔼的 knowledgeable知识渊博的L动词: last 最后 laugh笑 lay躺 learn学习 leave 离开 let让 lie位于 lift 举起like喜欢 list 列举listen听litter乱丢 live生活 lock锁 light照亮名词：lab实验室 lady女士 land土地 language 语言 left 离开 leaf 叶子 leader 领导 law 法律lesson 教训 level 水平 letter 信 lift 电梯 light 灯 lock 锁 library图书馆 lunch 午餐luck运气 love爱形容词：large大的 late 玩的 latest 最新的 lazy懒惰的 lively 活泼的 lonely孤独的 long长的M动词：major主修manage管理 mark标志 marry嫁娶 , match比赛, matter要紧, make制作, mean用意 meet遇见 mend修理 mention提到 mind 介意 mistake犯错 move移动名词：magazine杂志 map地图 mark标志 match,比赛 matter,事件 meal,膳食 material材料, market 市场 mind思想 milk 牛奶 million百万 method 方法 message 信息 memory记忆 member成员 meeting会议 medicine 药 means方法 meaning意义 menu 菜单 mountain 山mother妈妈 morning早上 money钱 monitor 班长Monday 星期一moment 重要 model模特 minute分钟 month月份 moon 月亮 mouse 老鼠 mouth 嘴巴movie电影 music 音乐museum博物馆形容词：magic , main most modern muchN动词：need 需要 nod 断头 note 注意 notice通知名词：nature 自然 neighborhood 附近 news 新闻newspaper 报纸night晚上 note笔记 notebook 笔记本nose 鼻子 noise 噪音noon 正午 north 北方 notice注意 nurse 护士 number数量形容词：national 国家的 natural自然的 nearby 附近的necessary 必要的 nervous 紧张的normal 平常的nice 好看的northern 北方的 new 新的 next 下一个的O动词：obey 服从 offer 提供 open 打开 operate 运转 own 拥有 order，命令 organize 组织名词：object 物体 office办公室 oil 油 ocean海洋 opportunity机会 operation手术 owner拥有者 offer提议形容词：old老的 own自己的outstanding 出色的 outgoing 开朗的 orange橙色的 opposite 相反的open开放的P动词: pack 包装 park停放 paint 油漆 pass 通过 pay 付款 perform 执行 please 讨人喜欢pick 选择play 玩 phone打电话 place 放置 practice练习 point 指出 praise 赞扬prepare准备 prove证明 provide提供 pull 拉 promise承诺protect保护 produce 生产 prevent预防名词: part 部分 park 公园 pardon 原谅 paper 论文 pair 一对 page 记录package 包裹parent 父（母） person任务patient 耐心 peace和平 period 时代 people 人民pity遗憾 picture图片 pleasure高兴 pocket 口袋 police 警察 plenty 丰富 public公众 pronunciation 发音 progress进步 problem问题 prize 奖品 pride 自豪 price 价格形容词：particular 特别的 personal 个人的 patient 有耐心的 perfect完美的 popular 受欢迎的possible可能的 poor 贫穷的polite 有礼貌的proud 自豪的proper 适当的 pretty 漂亮的 pleasant 令人愉快的 pleased高兴的QQuarter四分之一 quality质量 question 问题 quick 快的 quickly 快速地 quiet 安静的 quietly安静地 quite相当的R动词: rain 下雨 raise提高 reach达到 read阅读 realize 意识到 recite 背诵 record 记录 refuse拒绝 regard 看待regret 后悔 relax 放松 remain保持 receive 接收remember记得 rent出租 repair 修理 repeat 重复 reply回复 report 报导 require 需要 rest 休息 retell 复述 ride骑 ring按铃 rise 上升 return返回 review 回顾 run 跑步 rush 冲remind 介意名词: rain 雨 radio 收音机 reason 原因 relation关系 rest 休息 report 报道research研究 review回顾 risk 风险rule规则形容词: rainy 下雨的 rapid迅速的 relaxing令人轻松的 relaxed松懈的 regular规律的 right 正确的 rude粗鲁的S动词: say说话 satisfy令人满意 sail航行 search 研究 set 树立 shake 动摇 save节省 sell销售 seem 似乎 serve 招待 send发送 see看见 shut 关闭 show显示 shout呼喊 shoot 射击 share分享 shine 照耀 sort 分类 speak 说话 spell 拼写 spend 花钱 stand 站立 start 开始steal偷窃 stick 坚持 stop 停止 store 储藏 suit 合适 suggest 建议 succeed 成功 study 研究suppose猜想 supply 供给 surprise使惊奇 sweep 打扫 swim游泳 solve解决名词: sale 销售 same 相同 sand 沙地 science 科学 scientist 科学家 sea海洋 screen 屏风 season时期secret 秘密 seat 座位 service 服务 shame 羞耻 shoulder肩膀 sight 视力 side 方面 sing 唱歌 sleep 睡眠 silence 沉默 skill 技能 sky填空 snow 积雪 soldier 士兵 spirit 精神 speech 演讲 speed 速度story故事 store 商店 stranger 陌生人 student 学生style风格 success成功 subject主题 sweater毛衣形容词: sick厌恶的 shy 害羞的 small 小的 slow 慢的 sleepy 困乏的 similar 相似的simple简单的 silly愚蠢的 silent 沉默的 smart 聪明的 smooth 顺利的 snowy 下雪的 social 社会的 soft 柔软的 smart 聪明的stupid 愚蠢的 strict 严格的 strange 陌生的 super 特级的 sunny 阳光充足的 successful 成功的 sudden 突然的strong强大的 sweet甜的 surprising令人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊奇的 sure 肯定的T动词: take 拿 talk谈话 taste 尝起来 teach 教 tell 告诉 thank 谢谢 think 思考 throw扔 trust 相信 try 尝试 translate 翻译 travel 旅行turn 转变名词: teacher老师 telephone 电话 taste 味道 talk 谈话 text 文章 theater 戏院thief 贼 thing东西 ticket 票 traffic 交通 train 火车 tourist 旅行者 tour 旅游 truth 真相 trip旅行 trouble 麻烦 turn 变化 type 类型形容词：tall高的 terrible 可怕的 thick 厚的 thin 薄的 tired累的 tiring 累人的tidy整齐的 true真实的Uugly 丑陋的 unable 不能的 uncle 叔叔 understand理解 university 大学 upset心烦的 upstairs楼上的 use 使用 used 习惯的 useful 有用的 useless 无用的 usual 通常的 usually通常VVacation 假期 vegetables 蔬菜 view 观察 visit 参观 visitor 参观者 voice 声音W动词: wait 等待 wake 叫醒 walk 走路 want 想要 warn 警告 wash 洗 waste浪费 watch 看 wave 挥手 wear 穿着 weigh 称重量 welcome欢迎 win 赢得 wipe 擦拭wonder想知道 worry 担忧的 write写名词: wall 墙 weight 重量 weekend 周末 weekday 工作日 website网址 way方法 wealth财富 wife 妻子 winner 胜利者 winter冬天形容词：weak 脆弱的 well-known众所周知的 western 西方的 whole 整个的 wide 宽的white 白色的wet 湿的 worth 值得的 wise 聪明的 wonderful 了不起的 windy 有风的 wrong错误的Yyear 年 yellow 黄色 yesterday昨天 young 年轻的副词：just 刚刚 there 那儿 through 通过 together 一起 tonight 今晚 since 自从 such如此 rather宁可 recently最近perhaps可能 possibly可能 politely礼貌的 off 离开 once 曾经 outside在外面 over超过 only 只有 normally 平常的 never 从不 nearly差不多，几乎 now 现在 mainly 主要地 maybe 可能 mostly 多半的 yet 但是 already 已经 still 仍然 quite相当 very非常 too太 fairly 公平rather hardly 几乎不 badly非常 kindly 亲切地quickly 迅速地 easily 容易地 well 很好地 luckily 幸运地 loudly 大声地连词：where哪里 why为什么 whether 是否 when 什么时候 whatever 无论什么 what 什么who 谁 whom谁（宾格）whose 谁的 which 哪一个 if 是否 before 在..之前after在..之后 until直到..才 although 尽管unless除非 since 因为because因为 so因此 and和 or 或者but 但是so….that 如此..以致neither…nor 既不..也不either….or 两者其中之一both….and 两者都not only….but also代词: one 一个 it它 this这个 that 那个 those那些 them他们（宾格） they他们 theirs他们的 themselves他们自己的（反身代词） ours我们的, ourselves我们的（反身代词） we我们 your你们的 yours你们的 yourself 你自己（反身代词）yourselves你们自己的（反身代词） our我们 other另外 neither 两者都不 none 三个或三个以上都不 nobody没有人 nothing 无人 many许多 myself 我自己 my 我的mine 我的 his他的 him他 she她 her 她（宾格） hers 她的its它的 all所有的 both 两者都 neither两者都不 either 或者 none 一点也不 another另外一个 other 另一个others 其他的。
英语专八阅读理解模拟试题附带翻译及解析
英语专八阅读理解模拟试题(附带翻译及解析)考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析一The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise；and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg's recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers' intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha！experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just ofimplementing the solution.1. According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to[A] Speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.[B] Identify a problem.[C] Bring together disparate facts.[D] Stipulate clear goals.2. The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2？[A] They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.[B] They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.[C] They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.[D] They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.3. It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis？[A] Manager X analyzes first and then acts；Manager Y does not.[B] Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis；Manager Y does not.[C] Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem；Manager Y does not.[D] Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem；Manager X does not.4. The text provides support for which of the following statements？[A] Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.[B] Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.[C] Managers'' intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.[D] Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text？[A] An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.[B] A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.[C] The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.[D] Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.答案与考点解析1. 「答案」D「考点解析」这是一道归纳推导题。
中西方饮食文化英语论文论述
2.3 Attitude on Pay
? The Western will go Dutch while having a meal in the restaurant.
and Western, there are so many differences such as living environment, customs, attitudes, values and so on. It causes the different culture. Different culture brings up different diet cultures.
Selected topic reason
Diet is always a subject that can cause so much cultural conflict and
collision.
饮食始终是一个能够引起如此多文化冲突与 碰撞的话题。
那群来自天天生活在面包、土豆、鸡肉与 牛肉包围之中的西方来客，面对中国菜之 类的异域美食，一方面内心要感慨东方人 在饮食问题上过人的勇气与创造力，另一 方面又要表现出矜持与保守以维护其第一 世界公民的修养与形象，这种认知与行为 上的失调难免就会引发出一次又一次滑稽 又回味无穷的笑。
Outline
? Chapter II The Differences of Dining Way between Chinese and Western
? 2.1 The Style of Dining ? 2.2 The Opinion in Entertain Guests ? 2.3 Attitude on Pay ? 2.4 Analysis ? Conclusion
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Advanced Viewing, Listening &
Speaking
Strange Foreign Habbit
Group members:
Class number:
Dec. 20th, 2011
Ⅰ、Introduction
Topic: Strange Foreign Habbit
Point to make: To show some strange foreign habbits
Rhetorical Listening Cues:
•What we’d like to talk about today is the topic of…
•We’ll share…
Ⅱ、Main
1. Topic Sentence: The majority of foreigners do not drink
boiled water.
Supporting Details:
Foreigners: like to drink bottled
water like pure water,
mineral water and so
on.
Chinese: almost everyone drink
boiled water.
Rhetorical Listening Cues:
•Did you find it strange that…
•No matter…
•Even in winter, …
2. Topic Sentence: The passengers say “Thank you’for
the bus driver in the UK.
Supporting Details:
Foreigners: people say ＂Thanks
very much ＂to the bus driver before get down.
Chinese: think it ’s their jobs
and duties. And there is no need to say.
Rhetorical Listening Cues: •Do you know that … •It ’s a common view that …
3. Topic Sentence: the foreigners like so much finger
licking.
Supporting Details:
Foreigners: like so much finger licking,
think the food tastes good.
Chinese: people would think it ’s awful
and disgusting.
Rhetorical Listening Cues:
•If you are careful, you ’ll find that …
•But if you do it in China, people would think …
Attitude to bus driver
Finger
licking
4. Topic Sentence: while eating, different people in the
different countries have their own habit of drinking
Supporting Details:
Foreigners: ①Japanese don ’t drink
anything with a meal. When they drink soup,
they don ’t use spoon. ②American people drink cocktails before eating lunch or dinner.
Chinese: people usually drink
something during
a
meal.
Rhetorical Listening Cues: •Sometimes Japanese don ’t …
•In America, before eating lunch or dinner, they … •Normally, in our country, we usually …
Ⅲ、Conclusion
1. There are different living habbits in the world.
2.
Showing respect to each others ’ living habbits is the
best.
Drinking while a
meal。