年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海地区英语试卷附答案
2019年6月上海高考英语试题word精校版Summary Writing(含试题-答案)
2019年6月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It’s undeniable: Being among the first to try out a new piece of technology is cool. There’s the excitement of doing what has never been done before the feeling that you’re living in the future. And when you’re the sole member of your social circle with the latest hot gadget, people stare in fascination. They ask you questions. They see you as the holder of powerful, secret knowledge for a little while, until the next big thing comes along. People tend to underestimate the costs of this temporary coolness, which they pay in more ways than one. Don’t fall into the early adopter trap. Don’t join the first wave of consumers who invest in the latest media-hyped hardware: instead, wait and see.To put it frankly, early adoption is a bad investment. First, the earliest versions of devices are not only expensive, they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever be. Companies are presumably attempting to recover the cost of production as fast as they can, and they know that there are serious tech-lovers who will pay a great deal to be first. Once the revenues from early adopters’ purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut the price and shift to the next marketing phase: selling the product to everyone else. This is why the cost of the original iPhone dropped about U. S. 200 only eight months after its release. Plus, electronics hardly ever become more expensive because intense competition in the industry puts downward pressure on prices over time. Prices of gadgets will fall shortly after release, and they will likely keep falling. Many new TV models drop significantly in price as little as ten days after hitting the market. Further, electronics rapidly depreciate because they become obsolete (废弃的) so quickly. This means that early adopters pay the maximum price for an item that does not hold onto its value. The resale price of a cell phone or laptop can drop by fifty percent within just a few months.Speaking of becoming obsolete, those who are first to leap into a new technology risk wasting money and time on something that will never catch on. Another good reason to resist the early-adoption temptation is that the first version of a product typically has defects that cost a lot in time and frustration. Such problems are so common with new technology that early adopters are basically unpaid beta testers and troubleshooters. Unless this sounds to you like a fun way to spend your time, don’t be among the first users. If you wait to learn what the problems are with a new electronic gadget, you can look forward to a smoother experience or choose a less troublesome product.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 爷爷有点耳背，对他耐心一点。
2021年上海市高考英语试卷及答案详解(全国统一考试)
2021年上海市高考英语试卷及答案详解（全国统一考试）_年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)英语试题本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷两部分.满分150分.考试用时120分钟.注意事项:1．答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名.考号涂写在答题卡上.2．每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号.不能答在试题卷上.3．第Ⅱ卷各题的答案,必须答在答题卡规定的地方.第一部分:听力(共三节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)请听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A.B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置.听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍.1.WhatisJacobgoingtodo?A.Jacobwillhaveaclassat3:00.B.Jacobwillgohomearound3:00.C.Jacobwillgotothelibraryat3:00.2.HowwillMichaelgotoNanjing?A.Byplane.B.Bytrain.C.Bycar.3.Whatdoesthewomansuggest?A.Putthetelephonenearthebed.B.Catchalaterflight.C.Askthehotelstaffforhelp.4.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inamuseum.C.Inatheatre.5.Whatdoesthewomanbelieve?A.She1ostherwallet.B.Hermendmayhaveborrowedherwallet.C.Somebodytookherwallet.第二节(共12小题;每小题1.5分,满分18分)请听下面4段对最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置.听每段对话前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.每段对话读两遍.请听下面一段对话,回答第6至第8题.话.每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A.B.C三个选项中选出6.Canyouguesswhothemalespeakeris?A.Heisateacher.B.Heisapainter.C.Heisaguide.7.Whenwillthee_hibitionbeshowninFrance?A.Twelvedayslater.B.Twentydayslater.C.Twoweekslater.8.Tillwhenisitopenduringtheweek?A.Five.B.Si_C.Seven.请听第7段材料,回答第9至11题.9.Whataretheytalkingabout?A.Achangeforthenationale_aminations.B.Somenewguidelines.C.AcomingEnglishtest.10.Whendidthenewguidelinespublish?stmonth.stweek.stFriday.11.Whowillhavethefirsttosetthecontent,formandtimeofthelisteningtests?A.TheMinistryofEducation.B.Localeducationdepartments.C.Englishteachersfromdifferentschools.请听第8段材料,回答第12至14题.12.WhatisBettyworkingonwhenDanielarrives?A.Thee-mailtotheheadoffice.B.Thecomputer.C.Daniel’sorderform.13.HowfastcanBettytype?A.About60wordsinaminute.B.About70wordsinaminute.C.About80wordsinaminute.14.WhatforeignlanguagecallBettyspeak?A.Chinese.B.Japanese.C.English.请听第9段材料,回答第15至17题.15.Whoissickandisgoingtohospital?A.Theman’swife.B.Themanhimself.C.Theman’sdaughter.16.Whydoesthemanspeaktothewoman?A.Tolookafterhiswife.B.Toaskforafewdaysoff.C.Totalkabouthisdaughter.17.Whatdoyouthinkthewomanwilldo?A.Shewillgiveherpermission.B.Shewillhavehime_plainagain.C.Shewillrefusehisrequest.第三节(共3小题;每小题1.5分,满分4.5分)请听下面一段独白,用你所听到的独白中的词或数填空,每空限填一个词或一个数.填入的内容要写在答题卡相应的位置上.在听本段独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.本段独白读两遍.请听下面一段独白,回答第18至第20题.请听第10段材料,回答第18至20题.WheretoflyTo(18)_______________ThefeelingsofthewriterHappy,e_cited,also(19)_______________ Theperiodlefttheairport(20)_______________hours.MyfamilylearningTolivewithoutme.←上一页12345下一页→上一篇:_年上海市高考语文试卷及答案详解(全国统一考试) 下一篇:_年辽宁省高考英语试卷及答案详解(全国统一考试)。
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(上海卷)
13．--- Was it by cutting down staff_ _she saved the firm?
----- No, it was by improving work efficiency.
A．whenever B．whatever C．wherever D．however
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（上海卷）
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、单项选择
1．passion, people won't have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.
Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made17．, the nutrition inspector said.
A．will have savedB．will be savingC．has savedD．saves
7．When he took his gloves off , I noticed thatone had his name written inside.
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(上海卷,含答案)
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（上海卷，含答案）本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分，共150分，考试用时120分钟。
考试结束，将答题卡和答题卷一并交回。
考生注意：1．本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
2．答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必在答题卡和答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号、校验码，并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号和效验码。
3．第Ⅰ卷（1—16小题，25—80小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。
考试应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。
第Ⅰ卷中的第17—24小题，第81—84小题和第Ⅱ卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸上，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上一律不给分。
第Ⅰ卷（共105分）Ⅰ.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of ea ch conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the fourpossible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1．A．A shop assistant.. B．A dentis.t C．An cloarician.D．A bank clerk.2．A．The exam score.. B．The world news. C． A soccer match.. D．A basketball team.3．A．At a post office. B．At a flower shop.C．At a department store. D．At a bus station.4．A．5 hours. B．7 hours. C．9 hours. D．10 hours. 5．A．Tim’s not seriously injured.B．Tim will get to the hospital quickly.C．The woman’s heard all about Tim’s illness.D．The woman doesn’t know how Tim is now.6．A．She isn’t in the mood to travel. B．France is too far for family holiday.C．Family holiday no longer interests her. D．She has had too many holidays this year.7．A．The cost was reasonable. B．The cost was unbelievably high.C．She likes the hotel. D．She will stayovernight.8．A．Disappointment B．Disapproval. C．Sympathy.D.Passion.9．A．The man is too forgetful. B．The man shouldn’t get annoyed. C．The man has too many keys. D．The man should attend more lessons.10．A．He wants to live in apartments. B．He thinks his signature is unnecessary.C．He has already signed a contract. D．He doesn’t always say what he means.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following introduction. 11．A．White masters. B．African slaves. C．Native dancers. D．Sport trainers.12．A．Having kung fu experience. B．Being able to singand play music.C．Wearing a green belt. D．Being strong and able to balance well.13．A．He uses his hands to keep the balance. B．He dos es contact with his opponent.C．He is kicked by his opponent. D．He is pushed out of the circle.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage 14．A．Great guests and talk to hotel staff.B．Have breakfast and examine room service.C．Prepare for the meeting and write new reports.D．Review the previous night’s reports and check emails. 15．A．Saying hello to every guest. B．Considering different bath requirements.C．Dining with a different staff member. D．Holding various operational meetings.16．A．A day’s life of a hotel manager. B．The daily routine at a hotel.C．Hotel service and improvement. D．Meetings attended by a hotel massager.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.П. Grammar and vocabulary.Section ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.A. betweenB. alongC. belowD. with26. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was journey.A. three hourB. a three-hoursC. a three-hourD. three hours27. If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to depend onA. themselvesB. themC. usD. ourselves28. Every few years, the coal workers. their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.A. are havingB. haveC. have hadD. had had29. - Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.- Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. mustB. mustn'tC. shouldD. shouldn't30. In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmersonly travelled the local market.A. longer thanB. more thanC. as much asD. as far as31. The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.A. has restoredB. has been restoredC. is restoringD. is being restored32. I had great difficulty the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.A. findB. foundC. to findD. finding33. Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.A. amusedB. amusingC. to amuseD. to be amused34. you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A. However a serious problemB. What a serious problemC. However serious a problemD. What serious a problem35. the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.A. ApproachingB. ApproachedC. To approachD. To be approached36. One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. thatB. howC. whatD. why37. When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers knowA. he is entering which laneB. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which laneD. which lane is he entering38. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.A. on whichB. by whichC. to whichD. from which39. our manage objects to Tom's joining the club, we shall accept him as a member.A. UntilB. Unless C If D. After40. Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.A. reducingB. to reduceC. reducedD. reduceSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. additionalB. producingC. regularD. predictedE. identifiedE atmosphere G. matched H. reducing I. carried J. increaseForests in the northern half of the globe could be growing faster now than they were 200 years ago as a result of climate change, according to a study of trees in eastern America. The trees appear to have faster growth rates due to longer growing seasons and higher concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide in the ___41 .Geoffrey Parker, a scientist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre in Edgewater. Maryland, said that the increase ha the rate of growth was unexpected and might be 42 to the higher temperatures and longer growing seasons documented in the region. The growth may also be influenced by the significant 43 in atmospheric CO2,he said. "We made a list of reasons these forests could be growing faster and then excluded half of them," Dr Parker said. Their study suggests that northern forests may become increasingly important in44 the influence of man-made CO2 on the climate.Dr Parker and his colleagues have 45 out a detailed record of the trees on a(n) 46 basis since 1987. They calculated that due to the global warming the forest is producing 47 tons of wood each year.The scientists _ 48 _ the land with trees at different stages of growth and found that both young and old trees were showing increased growth rate. More than 90 per cent of the tree groups had grown by between two and four times faster than the scientists had 49 from estimates of the long-term rates of growth.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are fourwords or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing 50 .What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, 51 revising. Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had. 52 several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webber 53 some of the music because the Phantom's makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.When you revise, you change aspects of your work in 54 to your evolving purpose, or to include 55 ideas or newly discovered information.Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. 56 , it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to 57 . topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However. don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows 58 . Always make time to become your own 59 and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you 60 new ideas.Revising involves 61 the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose 62 throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the 63 that is, facts, opinions,inferences -- that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many 64 details that may confuse readers?50. A. technique B. style C. process D. career51. A. in particular B. as a result C. for example D. in other words52. A. undergone B. skipped C. rejected D. replaced53. A. rewrote B. released C. recorded D. reserved54. A. addition B. response C. opposition D. contrast55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore57. A. discuss B. switch C. exhaust D. cover58. A. drafting B. rearranging C. performing D. training59. A. director B. master C. audience D. visitor60. A. personal B. valuable C. basic D. delicate61. A. mixing B. weakening C. maintaining D. assessing62. A. amazing B. bright C. unique D. clear63. A. angles B. evidence C. information D. hints64. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. concrete D. finalSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to theinformation given in the passage you have just read.(A)The elephant was lying heavily on its side, fast asleep. A few dogs started barking at it. The elephant woke up in a terrible anger: it chased the dogs into the village where they ran for safety. That didn't stop the elephant. It destroyed a dozen houses and injured several people. The villagers were scared and angry. Then someone suggested calling Parbati, the elephant princess.Parbati Barua's father was a hunter of tigers and an elephant tamer. He taught Parbati to ride an elephant before she could eve n walk. He also taught her the dangerous art of the elephant round-up -- how to catch wild elephants.Parbati hasn't always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with her father, she was sent to boarding school in the city. But Parbati never got used to being there and many years later she went back to her old fife. "Life in the city is too dull. Catching elephants is an adventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase," she says.But Parbati doesn't catch elephants just for fun. "My work," she says, "is to rescue man from the elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man." And this is exactly what Parbati has been doing for many years.Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land. It is now fighting back. Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village, Parbati is called toguide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill.The work of an elephant tamer also involves love and devotion. A good elephant tamer will spend hours a day singing love songs to a newly captured elephant. "Eventually they grow to love their tamers and never forget them. They are also more loyal than humans," she said, as she climbed up one of her elephants and sat on the giant, happy animal. An elephant princess indeed!65. For Parbati, catching elephants is mainly to .A. get long lasting excitementB. keep both man and elephants safeC. send them back to the jungleD. make the angry elephants tame66. Before Parbati studied in a boarding school, .A. she spent her time hunting with her fatherB. she learned how to sing love songsC. she had already been called an elephant princessD. she was taught how to hunt tigers67. Indian elephants are getting increasingly angry and they revenge because __________.A. they are caught and sent for heavy workB. illegal hunters capture them and kill themC. they are attacked and their land gets limitedD. dogs often bark at them and chase them68. The passage starts with an elephant story in order to explain that in India _________.A. people easily fall victim to elephants' attacksB. the man-elephant relationship is getting worseC. elephant tamers are in short supplyD. dogs are as powerful as elephants(B)The following card includes a brief summary and a short assessmentTrevor, C. O., Lansford, B. and Black, J. W., 2020, "Employee turnover (人事变更) and job performance: monitoring the influences of salary growth and promotion", Journal of Armchair Psychology, vol. 113, no.1, pp. 56-64.In this article Trevor et al. review the influences of pay and job opportunities in respect of job performance, turnover rates and employees' job attitude. The authors use data gained through organizational surveys of blue-chip companies in Vancouver, Canada to try to identify the main cause of employee turnover and whether it is linked to salary growth. Their research focuses on assessing a range of pay structures such as pay for performance and organizational reward plans. The article is useful as Trevor et al. suggest that there are numerous reasons for employee turnover and a variety of differences in employees' job attitude and performance. The main limitation of the article is that the survey sample was restricted to mid-level management, thus the authors indicate that further, more extensive research needs to be undertaken to develop a more in-depth understanding of employee turnover and job performance. As this article was published in a professional journal, the findings can be considered reliable. It will be useful additional information for the research on pay structures.of a research paper. It can provide a guide for further reading on the topic.69. The research paper published is primarily concerned withA. the way of preventing employee turnoverB. methods of improving employee performanceC. factors affecting employee turnover and performanceD. pay structures based on employee performance70. As is mentioned in the card, the limitation of the research paper mainly lies in that .A. the data analysis is hardly reliableB. the research sample is not wide enoughC. the findings are of no practical valueD. the research method is out-of-date71. Who might be most interested in this piece of information?A. Job hunters.B. Employees in blue-chip companies.C. Mid-level managers.D. Researchers on employee turnover.(C)The 2020 London Olympics had enough problems to worry about. But one more has just been added - a communications blackout caused by solarstorms.After a period of calm within the Sun, scientists have detected the signs of a flesh cycle of sunspots that could peak in 2020, just in time for the arrival of the Olympic torch in London.Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth, causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and interact links sending five Olympic broadcast from London."The Sun's activity has a strong influence on the Earth. The Olympics could be in the middle of the next solar maximum which could affect the functions of communications satellites," said Professor Richard Harrison, head of space physics at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire.At the peak of the cycle, violent outbursts called coronal mass ejections (日冕物质抛射) occur in the Sun's atmosphere, throwing out great quantities of electrically-charged matter. " A coronal mass ejection can carry a billion tons of solar material into space at over a million kilometres per hour. Such events can expose astronauts to a deadly amount, can disable satellites, cause power failures on Earth and disturb communications," Professor Harrison added. The risk is greatest during a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots.Next week in America, NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar activity called the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which will take images of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available.The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory helped to make the high-tech cameras that will capture images of the solar flares (太阳耀斑) and explosions as they occur.Professor Richard Hold away, the lab's director, said that the SDO should be able to provide early warning of a solar flare or explosion big enough to affect satellite communications on Earth "If we have advance warning, we'll be able to reduce the damage. What you don't want is things switching off for a week with no idea of what's caused the problem," he said.72. The phrase "communications blackout" in paragraph 1 most probably refers to during the 2020 Olympics.A. the extinguishing of the Olympic torchB. the collapse of broadcasting systemsC. the transportation breakdown in LondonD. the destruction of weather satellites73. What can be inferred about the solar activity described in the passage?A. The most fatal matter from the corona falls onto Earth.B. The solar storm peak occurs in the middle of each cycle.C. It takes several seconds for the charged matter to reach Earth.D. The number of sunspots declines after coronal mass ejections.74. According to the passage, NASA will launch a satellite to _ _A. take images of the solar systemB. provide early warning of thunderstormsC. keep track of solar activitiesD. improve the communications on Earth75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Solar Storms: An Invisible KillerB. Solar Storms: Earth Environment in DangerC. Solar Storms: Threatening the Human RaceD. Solar Storms: Human Activities to Be TroubledSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for eachparagraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.76 .Nowadays. millions of people misuse and even overuse pain medications and other drugs. Research by the American National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA, 1999) shows that around 2% of the population over age 12 were using drugs non-medically.77.NIDA views medications as a powerful force for good in the contemporary world. They reduce and remove pain for millions of people suffering from illness and disease. They make it possible for doctors to perform complicated surgery to save lives. Many people afflicted by serious medical conditions are able to control their symptoms and become active, contributing citizens. NIDA points out that most individuals who take these drags use them in a responsible.78.Nevertheless. overuse of drugs such as opioids, central nervous system (CNS) depressants and stimulants does lead to harmful reliance in some people and is therefore becoming a serious public health concern. Although this abuse affects many people worldwide, particular trends of concern to the medical profession in the US appear among older adults, teenagers arid women.79.Though it may be a surprise to many, the misuse of medications may be the most common form of drug abuse among the elderly. Dr Kenneth Schrader of Duke University, North Carolina states that although the elderly represent about 13% of the US population, those aged 65 and over account for the consumption of one third of all drugs. People in this age group use medications roughly three times more than the general population and have poorer compliance with instruction for use. In another study of elderly patients admitte d to treatment programs, 70% were women who hadoverused medicines.80.Unfortunately, this trend among women does not only affect those aged overIn general, among women and men who are using either an anti-anxiety drug or a sedative, women are twice as likely to become addicted. In addition, statistics compiled for 12-17 year olds show that teenage girls are more likely than teenage boys to begin overusing psychotherapeutic medication such as painkillers, tranquillisers, stimulants and sedatives.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Phys ed (physical education) is making a comeback as a part of the school core curriculum(核心课程)，but with a difference. While group sports are still part of the curriculum, the new way is to teach skills that are useful beyond gym class. Instead of learning how to climb a rope, children aretaught to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance. In this way，kids are given the tools and skills and experiences so they can lead a physically active life the rest of their life.Considering that 15 percent of American children 6 to 18 are overweight, supporters say more money and thought must be put into phys ed curriculum. In many cases, that may mean not just replacing the old gym-class model with fitness programs but also starting up phys ed programs because school boards often "put P.E. on the chopping block, cutting it entirely or decreasing its teachers or the days it is offered," says Alicia Moag-Stahlberg, the executive director of Action for Health Kids. The difference in phys ed programs is partly due to the lack of a national standard. "Physical education needs to be part of the core curriculum," she added.The wisdom of the new approach has some scientific support. Researchers at the University of Wisconsin have demonstrated how effective the fit-for-life model of gym class can be. They observed how 50 overweight children lost more weight when they cycled and skied cross-country than when they played sports. The researchers also found that teaching sports like football resulted in less overall movement, partly because reluctant students were able to sit on the bench.Another problem with simply teaching group sports in gym class is that only a tiny percentage of students continue playing them after graduating from high school. The new method teaches sells that translate to adulthood. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. In the new P.E. program, children learn to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance rather than __82. As for P.E., some school boards either83. What are the two problems with simply teaching group sports?84. What is the long-term benefit of the new P.E program?第Ⅱ卷（共45分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、这本杂志花了我20多元。
2021年上海高考英语真题
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Impatient. B. Confused. C. Pleased. D. Regretful.2. A. At a bus stop. B. At a laundry. C. At the dentist’s. D. At the chemist’s.3. A. An actor. B. A salesman. C. A translator. D. A writer.4. A. He lost his classmate’s homework. B. He can’t help the woman with her math.B. He broke the woman’s calculator. D. He doesn’t know where the “on” button is.5. A. The woman should go to another counter.B. The woman gives the man so many choices.C. The man dislikes the sandwiches offered there.D. The man is having trouble deciding what to eat.6. A. She has no idea where to find the man’s exam result.B. She isn’t allowed to tell students their grades.C. Dr. White hasn’t finished grading the papers.D. Dr. White doesn’t want to be contacted while he’s away.7. A. Move to a neat dormitory. B. Find a person to share their apartment.B. Clean the room with the roommate. D. Write an article about their roommate.8. A. Bob won’t take her advice.B. Bob doesn’t want to go abroad.C. She doesn’t think Bob should study overseas.D. She hasn’t talked to Bob since he went abroad.9. A. The snack bar isn’t usually so empty. B. Dessert is served in the snack bar.C. The snack bar is near the library.D. Snacks aren’t allowed in the library.10. A. Take her bicycle to the repair shop. B. Leave her bicycle outside.C. Clean the garage after the rain stops.D. Check if the garage is dry.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It helps care for customers’ dogs. B. You have to buy food for dogs.C. None of the dogs are caged.D. There is a dog named Princess.12. A. She likes the food there. B. She enjoys the fun with a pet.C. She can have free coffee.D. She doesn’t like to be alone.13. A. A new kind of café. B. A new brand of coffee.C. A new home for pets.D. A new way to raise pets.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A trend that high achievers are given a lower salary.B. A view that life quality is more important than pay.C. A dream of the young for fast-paced jobs.D. A new term created by high achievers.15. A. 10%. B. 12%. C. 6% D. 7%.16. A. People are less satisfied with their lives. B. The financial investment may increase.C. Well-paid jobs are not easy to find.D. Unexpected problems may arise.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Gift from a strangerMy local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, but I’d noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. (25) _________ I was in a good mood, I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot—it was a tight fit.Pretty soon I’d made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I (26)________ (empty) my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park.Just as I approached my car, I saw the woman I’d let have my car spot earlier. She was giving me (27) ______ odd look—half puzzled, half intent (热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I saw the same lady (28) ______ (look) in at me. “Hello,” she said, hesitantly. “This (29) ______ sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother’s things off at the charity bins. You are just so much (30) ______ her. You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy.” She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window. “I think she would like you to have it.” (31) _________ (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was (32) ______ (nice) gift I’d ever received, and it was from a complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness.(B)Ask Helpful HannahDear Helpful Hannah,Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble!Sick and Tired Sadie Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers have come up with 42 to the traditional work environments of the past. Thedesign industry has moved away from a fixed office setup and created more flexible “strategic management environments.” These 43 solutions are meant to support better organizational performance.As employee hierarchies(等级制度)have flattened, or decreased, office designers’ response to this change has been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and create fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been 44 by changes in workstation design. Office and work spaces often are not 45 to a given person on a permanent basis. Because of changes to methods of working, new designs allow for expansion or movement of desks, storage and equipment within the workstation. Another important design goal is communication, which designers have improved by lowing the walls that 46 workstations. Designers have also created informal gathering places, and upgraded employees’ 47 to heavily trafficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often 48 demands, including budgetary limits, employee hierarchies and technological innovation (especially in relation to computerization). These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to 49 at their best.All these 50 of office design are related. The most successful office designs are like a good marriage — the well-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect a deep interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people seemed to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 .They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First ImpressionTo help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s indivi duality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 60 KnowsScientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones—natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueWhen shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. beneficial53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle54. A. tested B. imposed C. changed D. created55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D. passions56. A. illustrations B. implications C. ingredients D. intensions57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall58. A. critical B. initial C. random D. mature59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted63. A. emotions B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. assess65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. insultingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms of folk art during several years of research around the world.66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.A. snowmen were made mainly by artistsB. snowmen enjoyed great popularityC. snowmen were politically criticizedD. snowmen caused damaging floods68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Bӧӧgg symbolizes__________________.A. the start of the paradeB. the coming of a longer summerC. the passing of the winterD. the success of tradesmen69. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?A. They were appreciated in history.B. They have lost their value.C. They were related to movies.D. They vary in shape and size.(B)70. In the film review, what is Paragraph A mainly about?A. The introduction to the leading roles.B. The writer’s opinion of acting.C. The writer’s comments on the story.D. The background information.71. According to the film review, “the monster” (paragraph B) refers to ______.A. a gun-crazy hunterB. a brainy dogC. a scary rabbitD. a giant vegetable72. Which of the following is a reason why the writer recommends the film?A. It’s full of wit and humour.B. Its characters show feelings without words.C. It is an adventure film directed by Peter Sallis.D. It is about the harmony between man and animals.(C)One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an hono u rable man,” he said. “He was a traitor(叛徒). And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless hissuperior. “You have to understand,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who s tarted up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeare s”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar, for example, Cassius’s sly provocation (狡诈的挑唆) of Brutus to take up arms against Caesar was the basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organising.Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimises his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasise the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things.Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt to be related. Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading t he traitors after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving in a business when and how do you resist the boss?73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?A. Cruel.B. Superior.C. Honourable.D. Rude.74. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeare s” to ________.A. help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays betterB. give advice on leadership by analys ing Shakespeare’s playsC. provide case studies of Shakespear e’s plays in literature workshopsD. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays.75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.D. To warn executives against power misuse.76. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A. the Adelmans’ programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays.C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.77. The best title for the passage is _____.A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate cultureB. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business successC. Shakespeare’s plays: A lesson for business motivationD. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic resultsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in children’s development. First, sport programs provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth-sport programs have long been considered important to youth’s psychosocial development, providing opportunities to lea rn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills(运动技能); these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult-sport participants. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they must consider the implications of deliberate play and deliberate practice.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS) 78. Besides the learning of motor skills, what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?79. If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likely to ____________________.80. In deliberate play activities, what do children do to maximize enjoyment?81. In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimed at ____________.第II卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。
2018-2019学年上海高三iread试卷12（含答案）
试卷编号：190122019年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语模拟试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection AShort ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A colleague. B. Their boss. C. Their workload. D. A coffee machine.2. A. At a gift shop. B. At a graduation ceremony.C. In the office of a travel agency.D. In a school library.3. A. The woman can search the box for printing paper.B. He doesn't know where the office supplies are.C. They have already run out of printing paper.D. The office supplies are far from enough.4. A. The dictionary will be re-printed soon.B. The printing of the dictionary is just good.C. He can read the explanations for the woman.D. He cannot read the explanations well, either.5. A. The woman cannot figure out what is in his notes.B. The woman should comment on his handwriting.C. He is very pleased to be able to help.D. He did not attend today‟s classes.6. A. The restaurant is a good place for birthday celebration.B. The new restaurant caught her attention immediately.C. The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.D. The man had better choose another restaurant.7. A. Design her office without charging any fees.B. Tell her how much the redecoration might cost.C. Give her tips on which design academy to choose.D. Confirm whether her office really needs redecorating.9. A. He has been looking forward to spring.B. He has been waiting for the winter sale.C. He will clean the woman‟s boots for spring.D. He will help the woman put things away.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The possible future of cars as a means of transportation.B. The contrast between road travel in the past and now.C. The development of road travel in the past 100 years.D. The effects of modem means of transport on the environment.12. A. It is expensive. B. It is too romantic.D. It moves too fast. C. It depends on the weather.13. A. They will disappear due to the damage they have done.B. They will be thought of as a slower means of transport.C. They will remain a common means of transport.D. They will no longer be considered practical.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They were both initially limited to the services for depositors.B. They were both created to provide income for the king.C. They both required a large staff to administer them.D. They both grew out of the need to store food.15. A. It normally requires precious metals.B. It is likely to begin when people are in debt.C. It can take place without the existence of coins.D. It was started to provide the state with an income.16. A. The future of banking. B. The origin of banking.C. The necessity of banking.D. The development of banking.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. At a travel agency. B. At a design school.C. At a botanic garden.D. At an evening school.18. A. Two weeks before the startof the term.B. A week before the start of the term.C. A month before the start of t he term.D. Two months before the start of the term.19. A. It costs 70 pounds for the term.B. It has already had enough applicants.C. It is on Tuesday evenings from 7 to 9.D. It requires no extra fees other than the tuition.20. A. Contact the botany tutor. B. Buy some drawing materials.C. Call another tutorial center.D. Think about which course to take.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Rescue a Raccoon(浣熊）A disoriented five-month-old raccoon hurries across a busy road in Greenbrae, California. Somehow the animal and her mom have become separated, and now the (21)_________(frighten) babyhas no idea what to do. Suddenly a car approaches. Unable to see the animal, the driveraccidentally runs over her hind leg. The raccoon falls to the ground where she lies helpless.Other motorists, who saw the accident, pull over to check on the injured animal. One concerned witness is Marco Berger, who works for a nearby wildlife hospital called WildCare. Berger calls anearby branch of the Marin Humane Society, an organization (22) _________, among other things,transports injured wildlife to care centers. About 10 minutes later, rescue officers arrive on the scene.They use a net to lift up the little raccoon, then load her into an animal ambulance and (23) _________(rush) her to WildCare.At the hospital, head veterinary technician Nat Smith gives the raccoon a checkup. An X-rayof her leg reveals that the thighbone is completely broken. If the bone (24) _________ (not repair), she‟llnever be able to run, climb, or search for food in the wild. The good news is that the leg (25) _________be fixed with surgery.Almost immediately after (26) _________ (wake) up from the surgery, the raccoon shows signs ofimprovement. “Within a day she‟s able to walk on her leg,” Smith says. A week and a half later, the raccoon has become so active that WildCare staff decide to move the animal to a 12-foot-by-12-foot outdoor enclosure (27) _________trees for her to climb.Within two months, the young raccoon is ready (28) _________ (release). After one final checkup,she's loaded into a pet carrier and driven to a forested area near (29) _________she was found. (30) _________the carrier door is opened, the raccoon runs into the woods. “She's ready to take onthe wild,” says Smith.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can onlyA real page-turner?In 1981, a man who claimed to have special psychic powers amazed TV audiences across the US with a simple______31____: using only the power of his mind, James Hydrick turned over the pagesof a book. Later, on the same show, he made a pencil spin around without touching it. Hydrick became a(n) 32_________ celebrity overnight, and ordinary people in the street started discussing …telekinesis‟一the ability to move ____33_____objects using only your mind.Hydrick's career took off, and in addition to his _____34____ on TV, he also became a successful martial arts teacher. He even claimed that he could pass on his special gift of telekinesis to his young students. Neutrally, there were hundreds of youngsters who were _____35____ to learn, and happy to pay for lessons.Unfortunately for Hydrick, not everybody was entirely _____36____ . James Randi, an American magician，was publicly skeptical about Hayrick‟s claims and insisted that his …paranormal‟ powers were really just magic tricks. When Randi and Hydrick appeared on a TV show together, Randi placed small, very light pieces of plastic around the book just before Hydrick _____37____ his performance. Hydrick's paranormal powers____38_____ him, and he was unable to turn even a single page. Although he invented a complicated _____39____, the real reason for his failure was simple: he could only tum the pages by blowing air from his mouth, and he couldn't do this without blowing away all the pieces of plastic and in the _____40____revealing his secret. Hydrick‟s career ended sud denly, and he later confessed to a newspaper that he had never possessed any special powers.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“We didn‟t really find a good role model of any country doing things sustainably,” says Daniel O‟Neill at the University of Leeds, UK. “We need to do things in a completely different way if we are to have any hope of achieving a good life for all people on the planet.”O‟Neill and his colleagues _____41____ each country's sustainability by adding up how it used, produced or affected seven things. These were water, phosphorus, nitrogen, carbon dioxide emissions, landuse change, ecological footprint and material consumption.The team also used 11 measures to assess whether citizens had good lives. Some were_____42____ needs or expectations like* nutrition, access to energy and long life expectancy. The others_____43____ social stability, like income, education, equality, social support and employment prospects.A(n) ____44_____ country would score zero for resource overshoot and 11 for citizen well-being: everyone's needs would be met and no natural resources destroyed.Rich countries overshoot their limits to feed their lifestyles. 'The USA transgresses (超越) all seven planetary boundary indicators, but ... scores relatively ____45_____on the social targets, achieving nine out of 11,”says team member Julia Stei nberger at the University of Leeds. The UK did_____46____ breaking five boundaries, but reaching eight social targets. 'They could be described as …well-off over-consumers‟”, she says.However, South Africa transgresses the same natural boundaries as the UK, but _____47____only one social target: nutrition. It is a “dysfunctional over-consumer”，says Steinberger, “because its consumption doesn‟t seem to _____48____ a better life”. Some poor countries，like Malawi and Senegal, keep within planetary- boundaries, but reach none of the social targets.A few countries are better at balancing well-being and ____49_____. They include Sri Lanka—which goes beyond no natural limits—Vietnam and Moldova. _____50____ , none meets all the well-being targets.The _____51____ provides a critical reminder of the tremendous challenge facing humanity，” says Johan Rockstrom of Stockholm University in Sweden"We can no longer _____52____ that simply letting the market decide what is best for us will lead to anything but disaster,” says Steinberger.O‟Neill‟s team says poorer countries should_____53____ basic needs, which can be met without overshooting limits. Citizens of rich countries should rethink what they need. “Life satisfaction” scores improved only marginally for every ecological limit broken, so ____54_____ luxuries could have big environmental benefits.“Some of the strongest determinants of life satisfaction are good health; strong family and community relationships; economic security in the form of employment or higher incomes; and relative rather than absolute _____55____ with respect to the rest of one‟s society,” says Steinberger. “There‟s a lot we can learn about how to move to lower material forms of lifesatisfaction.”41. A. kept B. criticised C. praised D. rated42. A. specific B. temporary C. basic D. optional43. A. endangered B. promoted C. reflected D.changed44. A. ideal B. rich C. poor D. foreign45. A. highly B. lowly C. disappointingly D. unexpectedly46. A. well B. similarly C. creatively D. otherwise47. A. misses B. cancels C. sets D. achieves48. A result in B. depend on C. care about D. point out49. A. reliability B. independence C. sustainability D. productivity50. A Initially B. Moreover C. Therefore D. However51. A. description B. analysis C. balance D. limitation52. A. deny B. predict C. pretend D. worry53. A. discover B. prioritise C. neglect D. monitor54. A. scaling back on B. keeping up withC. running out ofD. looking forward to55. A. harmony B. security C. health D. wealthSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I‟d loved most of the two years I‟d spent in V olgograd, in the south of Russia, but in those last few months Td realised that what made me enjoy it was partly the knowledge that I‟d soon be returning home, to the family and friends, and the milder weather London had to offer. The time Td spent in V olgograd had been a real eye-opener as far as experiencing a different culture was concerned. When I'd first arrived, I‟d been eager to make friends, and went out of my w ay to be polite wherever I could. Most of the time, my attempts to strike up conversation were met with icy stares and one-word replies. Td started to think that Russians were a cold people, and I was unlikely to ever make any new friends.…1 think you're not having a good time here1 was how Ludmilla, the secretary at the school where I was working, invited me for dinner with her family. “Y ou will come for dinner with my family on Sunday, I won't take no for an answer/ I was so relieved. When I turned up, flowers and wine in hand, I was enveloped in warm handshakes, inviting hugs, warm laughter and murmurs of …ochen priyatna' (very pleased to meet you). The meal was eaten and a few toasts were drunk. Then I know Russians are actually warm, friendly people, but just too proud to wear their hearts on their sleeves with people they don't know.Another thing I'd learnt about Russians is the way the men show their respect for women, both young and old. One day, I had a rather unfortunate incident on the bus. Td been sitting there, deeply absorbed in the book I was reading, when I started to notice a quiet murmuring all around me. I looked around, and noticed how the people to my left and behind me were looking across at me and whispering to each other. In front of me was a young woman. Just when 1 was about toask, in my broken Russian if something was wrong, a man in front of me got up and offered his seat to the young woman, whose face transformed in an instant to an angelic smile as she accepted, and sat down. My face turned red. I got off at the next stop and walked the extra six blocks home. Now, back in London, I had suddenly found myself in the same position. There I was on the bus, and a young woman got on. Looking round, I noticed with a panic that there were no other seats free. Proud of what Td learnt, I eagerly leapt to my feet and offered my seat. When she looked surprised and told me she was …OK, thanks‟, I was ashamed. Once more, I got off early and walked. It was going to take a while to get back into the swing of things.56. According to paragraph 1, what made the writer enjoy the last few months in V olgograd?A. His eye-opening experience there.B. His attempts to strike up conversations.C. The thought that he would return to London soon.D. The fact that he had a better knowledge of V olgograd.57. After having dinner with Ludmilla, the writer found that_________.A. Russians are not unfriendly by natureB. Russians love to invite people to dinnerC. Russians prefer not to talk much at homeD. Russians like communicating with strangers58. How did the writer feel when he saw a man gave up his seat to the young woman?A. He felt misunderstood.B. He felt ashamed.C. He felt annoyed.D. He felt frightened.59. What information does the writer intend to convey in the last paragraph?A. Women in London needed special care.B. London was not as familiar to him as he thought.C. The bus service in London was far from satisfactory.D. People in London were less polite than those in V olgograd.(B)Between 1991 and 1994 Nick Pope worked at the British Ministry of Defence investigating UFOs. He received 2-300 reports each year, of which around 90% could be explained. For the other 10% he could find no explanation ..Sighting AThe first call came from a police officer. He and his colleague had been on a routine patrol the night before and had seen a UFO. The officer was often on duty at night and was used to the sights and sounds of the darkness. But what he and his colleague had seen was like nothing they had come across before. This was no shooting star, no meteor. Two bright lights, with a third, fainter one, were flying in perfect formation across the sky. I questioned the officer carefully over the phone. From what he told me about their colour and movement, they were not aircraft lights or fireballs. They were simply unidentifiable. As the morning wore on, the calls came thick and fast from other parts of the country. Most sightings had occurred between l and 1.30 am with particular concentration at 1.10 am. One of the sightings was from a man with vast experience of aeroplanes and mathematics. He had watched the objects flying low over the coast and had timed their passage between two points on the shoreline; he was able to calculate their speed at about 1,100 mph.Sighting BThere is usually a delay between a sighting and when a witness decides to contact someone …official‟. In the case of the …Capital‟ sighting, things were rather more immediate. The call came from Capital Radio's headquarters in London and the voice was very excited. The caller was staring out of his window, giving me a commentary on a UFO about to land in Regenfs Park. There was hysteria in his voice. …It‟s almost down ... it looks a bit like—like a big kite, but it can‟t be. It‟s down! It's down! My God, people are gathering around it ...'There was a pause. The voice seemed less panicked. 4It can't be a kite, can it? Oh, the people are putting it back in a box. It is a kite. Sorry for having wasted your time/ He hung up. Goodness knows how upset he had been in those few mad minutes. Goodness knows how embarrassed he is at the memory of it.60. What is the passage mainly about?A. The UFOs that Nick Pope has ever seen.B. The investigation that Nick Pope did into UFOs.C. The reports about the UFOs that Nick Pope received.D. The explanations that Nick Pope proposed about UFOs.61. What can be learned from Sighting A?A. The object‟s colour was similar to fireballs but different from aircraft lights.B. The object flew less fast then other UFOs that people had witnessed.C. The two police officers had thought the object was a shooting star.D. 1.10 am was the time that the object was seen by most people.62. What conclusion can be drawn from Sighting B?A The witness mistook what he saw for a UFO.B. The witness should have confirmed what he saw first.C. The witness felt excited even when he hung up the phone.D. The witness was in Regent^ Park when a UFO appeared.(C)A lone humpback whale travelled more than 9,800 kilometres from breeding areas in Brazil to those in Madagascar, setting a record for the longest mammal migration ever documented.Humpback whales are known to have some of the longest migration distances of all mammals, and this huge journey is about 400 kilometres farther than the previous humpback record. The finding was made by Peter Stevick, a biologist at the College of the Atlantic in Bar Harbor, Maine.The whale‟s journey was unusual not only for its length，but also because it travelled across almost 90 degrees of longitude from west to east. Typically, humpbacks move in a north-south direction between cold feeding areas and warm breeding grounds—and the longest journeys which have been recorded until now have been between breeding and feeding sites.The whale, a female, was first spotted off the coast of Brazil, where researchers photographed its tail fluke and took skin samples to determine the animals7 sex. Two years later, a tourist on a whale-watching boat snapped a photo of the humpback near Madagascar.To match the two sightings, Stevick's team used an extensive international catalogue of photographs of the undersides of tail flukes, which have distinctive markings. Researchers routinely compare the markings in each new photograph to those in the archive.The scientists then estimated the animal's shortest possible route: an arc skirting the southern tip of South Africa and heading north-east towards Madagascar. The minimum distance is 9,800 kilometres, says Stevick, but this is likely to be an underestimate, because the whale probably tooka detour to feed on krill in the Southern Ocean near Antarctica before reaching its destination.Most humpback-whale researchers focus on their efforts on the Northern Hemisphere because the Southern Ocean near the Antarctica is a tough environment and it is hard to get to. explaining Rochelle Constantine, who studies the ecology of humpback whales at the University of Auckland in New Zealand. But, for whales, oceans in the Southern Hemisphere are wider and easier to travel across, says Constantine. Scientists will probably observe more long-distance migrations in the Southern Hemisphere as satellite tracking becomes increasingly common, she adds.Daniel Palacios, an oceanographer at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, says that the rec ord- breaking journey could indicate that migration patterns are shifting as populations begin to recover from near-extinction and the population increases. But the reasons why the whaie did not follow the usual migration routes remain a mystery. She could have been exploring new habitats, or simply have lost her way. *We generally think of humpback whales as very well studied, but then they surprise us with things like this,‟ Palacios says. …Undoubtedly there are a lot of things we still don‟t know about whale migration.‟63. In what way was the whale‟s journey considered unusual?A. It covered a long distance from west to east.B. A female whale rather than a male one completed it.C. The whale moved from its breeding ground to its feeding area.D. No one had ever spotted the whale other than at its destination.64. Why did the researchers compare the markings on tail flukes?A. There is a vast collection of such markings.B. The markings there last by far the longest.C. No two whales share the same markings.D. The markings are easiest to photograph.65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. More evidence should have been provided that the whale had ever arrived at Madagascar.B. South Hemisphere can provide more information about humpback whales' migration.C. The whale's actual route might well have been shorter than the scientists had estimated.D. North Hemisphere's environment is becoming tougher for whales to survive.66. What is the passage mainly about?A. A female whale was spotted twice in the Southern Ocean.B. Research on whales' migration has seen a breakthrough.C. Whales' migration routes vary with the climate change.D. A whale surprises researchers with her journey.Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.T elevision--past and futureEveryone knows that Scotsman John Logie Baird invented the first television: in the early 1920s, he made a basic television which transmitted pictures, but he didn't develop his idea further._______67_____. People often call him 'the father of television' as his invention became the basis of all modem televisions.The BBC (the British Broadcasting Corporation) made its first TV programmes in 1936._______68______. There were programmes for only two hours a day--except Sundays, when they didn'tshow any programmes at all! As well as news and sports, cookery programmes were popular even in the 1930s; Frenchman Marcel Boulestin became the first TV chef in 1937. The first TV advertisement, in 1941, was for a Bulova clock: it lasted 20 seconds and the company paid just $9 to show it during a baseball game in New Y ork. ______69______ Colour TV came to the USA in the 1950s, to Japan in 1960 and to Europe and South America in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Meanwhile, in 1967 people all over the world watched as The Beatles sang on the programme Our World, the first-ever satellite TV programme. The world's first video recorders came from Japan in the mid-1970s, but DVD players didn't appear until November 1996, also made by Japanese companies.From 2005, it became possible to watch TV on your mobile phone, thanks to 3G technology. ____69______Canada and Japan did the same in 2011. People watched the first TV programme nearly ___________70_________years ago. After the huge changes in television broadcasting in the 20th century, who knows what the next 80 years will bring?IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.Reading the SignsMost experts agree that it only takes between 90 seconds and four minutes to decide what we think about someone. And in fact, 80% of the time, we reach a conclusion about someone based on body language, before that person has even opened their mouth! Of course, what you say later will matter, and this is your responsibility. However, you do need to get the body language right straight away or people won't stay around long enough to find out how fascinating you really are!Many gestures, such as how you say …yes‟ or 4no‟，originate from a specific country，but others are universal. For example, all people wrinkle their noses and raise their top lip to show dislike or criticism. Everyone knows what a smile is, too, and when you‟re only pretending to smile. This is because muscles around the eyes are linked to the emotional part of your brain, so they only work when you really mean it.There are also signals to tell us whether someone is attracted to us. This preference is shown by enlarged pupils and they will blink more often. Admirers will also mirror your behavior, often unconsciously. So if you lean forward or take a sip of a drink，you will find that they will do the same. However, there is another gesture we are probably unaware of, but which is used by every culture on Earth and which some experts claim is the most instantly recognizable non-verbalhuman greeting. When we first see someone we find attractive, our eyebrows rise and fall and if they feel the same，they raise their eyebrows, too. It‟s not surprising if you have never noticed this, since the whole process only lasts about a fifth of a second!However, don't make judgments about people on just one thing! Look for at least four signals. Sitting with their arms crossed might look as if someone is being defensive, but it might really mean t hey‟re feeling cold!V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 适量的运动有助于睡眠。
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(上海卷,含答案)(3)
绝密★启用前2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（上海卷，含答案）考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part. Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Class Diary (June 13-19)Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the otherblanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something.(25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react,I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret(31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Golden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42 More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded thatif simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensoryside of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managerscannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D.dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③ noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④ for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she”in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,”I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, wordsthat had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem”probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thoughtthat our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s ch anging atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2020 to 2020. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even ifnations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbonemissions; this rise could still put coastal cities underwater and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countriesto tighten emissions targets every five years. Even thisincrease could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) anddrive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set bythe Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nationslike Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃ point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we m ake that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the probl em is that we don’t know how companies will use our data be cause their business models and uses of data are still evolvin g. Large collections of personal information have become valuabl e only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years. According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they waitto get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times.A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。
2020年上海春季高考英语试题(含答案)
2020年上海春季高考英语试题(含答案)全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海春季英语试题Ⅱ. Grammar VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Start with the end and work backwardsWhen Jason Hoelscher was an undergraduat e of fine art studies, there weren’t any professional development classes. So ambition and the timely realization 1 he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction. It was 1996, and he was finishing his BFA (Bachelor of Fine Art) in Denver. He was faced with the choice of sitting back to wait for something 2 (happen), or pursuing a path into the unknown. He chose the latter.Jason set up a plan that in five years he 3 (show) his work in the top gallery in that area of the country. This five-year goal gave him a starting point 4 which to work backwards.By setting the goal, all of Jason’s efforts 5 (point) in the same direction. He showed up at different art show openings, and researched as best he could to make 6 familiar with the market environment.As a result of showing up, Jason took opportunities 7 got him closer to his goal. He sent work to a student show and was accepted by Robin Rule, the owner of Rule Gallery. 8 (inspire), Jason spent the next month making new work.In April of 1997, Jason went back to Rule Gallery with his new work. 9 scared to death, he looked confident at the gallery meeting. When he left, he left as the newest addition to the rule gallery roster (花名册). He had his first exhibition there one year later.Jason could have stopped with the show selection, but what he really wanted was gallery representation. He struck while the iron was hot, and in 10 (do) so, shortened his five-year plan into a year-and-a-half.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.12020年上海春季高考英语试题(含答案)Bill Drayton believes we’re in the middle of a necessary but painful historical transi tion. For millenniums most people’s lives had a certain 11 . You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career.But these days machines can do pretty much anything that’s 12 . The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker.Changemakers are people who can see the patterns around them, identify the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problem, organize fluid teams, lead collective action and then 13 adapt as situations change.For example, Ashoka fellow Andrés Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to 14 with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that 15 everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together.To form and lead this community of communities, Gallardo had to possess what Drayton calls “cognitive empathy-based living for the good of all.” Congnitive empathy is the ability to perceive how people are feeling in 16 circumstances. “For the good of all” is the capacity to build teams.It doesn’t matter if you are working in the cafeteria or the inspection line of a plant, companies will now only hire people who can 17 problems and organize responses.Millions of people already live with the mind-set. But a lot of people still inhabit the world of following rules and repetitive skills. They hear society telling them: We don’t need you. We don’t need your kids, either.” Of course, thos e people go into reactionary mode and strike back.The central 18 of our time, Drayton says, is to make everyone a changemaker. In an earlier era, he says, society realized it needed universal 19 . Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success.Ashoka has studied social movements to find out how this kind of 20 shift can be promoted. It turns out that successful movements take similar steps.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A22020年上海春季高考英语试题(含答案)Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the work or phrase that best fits the context.More people are travelling than ever before, and lower harriers to entry and falling costs means they are doing so for 21 periods.The rise of “city breaks” --48-hour bursts of foreign cultures, easier on the pocket and annual leave balance has increased tourist numbers, but not their 22 spread. The same attractions have been used to market cities such as Paris, Barcelona and Venice for decades, and visitors use the same infrastructure as residents to reach them. “Too many people do the same thing at the exact same time,” says Font. “For 23 , the city no longer belongs to them.”This starts with marketing, says Font, who notes that Amsterdam has started advising visitors to seek 24 outside of the city centre on its official website. “That takes some balls, really to do that. But only so many people will look at the website, and it means they can say to their residents they’re doing all they can [to ease congestion].”But it also 25 a better way, it is called “detourism”: sustainable travel tips an 26 itineraries for exploring an authentic Venice, off the paths beaten by the 28 million visitors who flock there each year.A greater variety of 27 for prospective visitors ideas for what to do in off-peak seasons, for example, or outside of the city centerlandmarks, or 28 short breaks away in the first place. Longer stays 29 the pressure, says Font. If you go to Paris for two days, you’re going to go to the Eiffel Tower. “If you go for two weeks, you’re not going to go to the Eiffel Tower 14 times.”Similarly, repeat visitors have a better sense of the 30 , “We should be asking how we get tourists to 31 , not how to get them to come for the first time. If they’re coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to integrate their behavior with ours.”Local governments can foster this sustainable activity by giving preference to responsible operator and even high-paying consumers. Font says cities could stand to be more selective about the tourists they try to attract when the current metric for marketing success is how many there are, and how far they’ve come. “You’re thinking, ‘yeah but at what cost...’.”He points to unpublished data from the Barcelona Tourist Board that prioritizes Japanese tourists for spending an average of €40 more per day than French tourist as a(n) 32 that fails to take into account their bigger carbon footprint. 33 tourists are also more likely to be repeat visitors that come at off-peak times, buy local produce, and 34 to less crowded parts of the city all productive steps32020年上海春季高考英语试题(含答案)towards more 35 tourism, and more peaceful relations with residents.21. A. longer B. shorter C. wider D. clearer22. A. environmental B. national C. economic D. geographic23. A. locals B. tourists C. visitors D. cleaners24. A. transports B. accommodation C. restaurants D. service25. A. addresses B. paves C. proposes D. receives26. A. separate B. individual C. alternative D. objective27. A. reform B. guidance C. invitation D. support28. A. convincing B. discouraging C. preventing D. resisting29. A. pace B. escape C. withstand D. ease30. A. culture B. knowledge C. entertainment D. ability31. A. take over B. bring up C. come back D. lay off32. A. distinction B. harmony C. association D. comparison33. A. French B. Italian C. Spanish D. German34. A. carry out B. give into C. spread out D. impact on35. A. slight B. complex C. temporary D. sustainableSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the pas sage you have just read.(B)MTLEDANON ICE CENTER *900 CEDAR BOULEV ARD*PITTSBURGH,PA 15228(412)561-4363 WHO: Skaters of all ages and abilities. Must be 3 years of age and potty trained.Any Preschool Kindergarten age child who has never taken lessons at the Mr. Lebanon Ice Center needs to be evaluated.The On-line registration feature does not apply to evaluation registration.Evaluation dates and times are listed below.EV ALUATIONS:Evaluations help to determine both readiness and class placement. Upon completion of the evaluation, it is recommended that you register for classes with an associate located in the42020年上海春季高考英语试题(含答案)ice center booth. A variety of days and times for the evaluations are also listed online and at the Ice Center. Evaluation registration may be done in person or by phone at 412-561-4363.Additional evaluation dates may be offered for session Ⅱ.REFUND POLICY:Refund requests must be made a minimum of 7 days prior to event. See .for details.REGISTRATION:In person—Stop by the Mt. Lebanon Recreation Center, ground floor, Monday through Saturday 9:00 a. m.9:00 p.m. or Sunday 9: 00 a.m. 5:30 p.m.By Phone—Call the Ice Center at (412)561-4363 to schedule your skating evaluation appointment Make checks payable to: Mt. Lebanon, PA visa, Master Card, &Debit Cards acceptedQLESTIONS: Please call the Mt. Lebanon Ice Center staff at (412)561-4363LeboALERT—A FREE notification service(phone, text, e-mail). In the event of an emergency and to provide you with updates about cancellations and recreation department programs and events. Please visit .and sign up for LeboALERT. All recreation participants should sign up, and at minimum select the “Cancellations” category.36. What’s the passage manly about?A. To introduce a skating program.B. To advertise a skating center.C. To serve as a skating assessment schedule.D. To issue a free skating notification.37. Mary’s mother wants to registers the evaluation for her daughter. Which time as follows is suitable for her to go to the center?A. Monday 8: 30 a.m.B. Wednesday 2 p.m.C. Friday 9: 30 p.m.D. Sunday 6: 00 p.m.38. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The evaluation is intended for all preschool and kindergarten children.52020年上海春季高考英语试题(含答案)B. Refund requests can be accepted within 7 days after the registration.C. Participants who sign up for Lebo Alert can receive free notification about the event.D. Evaluation registration can be done in person, by phone or on-line(C)Everything about nuclear energy seems terrifically big: the cost, construction and decommissioning —and the fears of something going badly wrong.The future, however, may well be much smaller. Dozens of companies are working on a new generation of reactors that, they promise, can deliver nuclear power at lower cost and reduced risk.These small-scale plants will on average generate between 50MW and 300MW of power compared with the 1,000MW-plus from a conventional reactor. They will draw on modular manufacturing techniques that will reduce construction risk, which has plagued larger-scale projects. Supporters believe these advanced modular reactors (AMRs)—most of which will not be commercial until the 2030s—are critical if atomic power is to compete against the rapidly falling costs of solar and wind.“The physics hasn’t changed. It’s about much cleverer design that offers much-needed flexibility in terms of operation,” said Tim Stone, long-term industry adviser and chairman of Nuclear risk Insurers, which insures nuclear sites in the UK.Since the Fukushima meltdown in Japan in 2011, safety fears have threatened nuclear power. But the biggest obstacle today is economic. In Western Europe, just three plants are under construction: in the UK at Hinkley point C in Somerset; at Flamanville in France; and at Olkiluoto in Finland. All involve the European Pressurized Reactor technology of EDF that will be used at Hinkley Point. All are running years late and over budget. In the US, the first two nuclear projects under way for the past 30 years are also blowing through cost estimates.The UK, which opened the world’s first commercial nuclear reactor in 1956, is one of the few western nations committed to renewing its ageing fleet to ensure energy security and meet tough carbon reduction targets. It is seen as a proving ground, by many in the industry, of nuclear power’s ability to restore confidence.However, the co untry’s agreement with EDF to build two units at Hinkley Point—which together will generate 3.2GW of electricity—has come under severe criticism over its cost. The government is looking at different funding models but said it still sees nuclear power as vi tal to the country’s future energy mix. Small reactors, it believes, have the potential to generate much-needed power from the 2030s.62020年上海春季高考英语试题(含答案)A nuclear sector deal, unveiled last month, promised up to ￡56m in funding for research and development into AMRs and attracted interest of start-ups from around the world. The government hopes the funding will give the UK a lead in the global race to develop these technologies, helping to provide energy security while also creating a multibillion-dollar export market for British engineering companies.39. Which of the following is true about the advanced modular reactors (AMRs)?A. AMRs produce more power than traditional reactorsB. Small in scale, AMRs rose more safety risksC. So far, most AMRs have not been put into use yetD. Governments prefer energy of solar and wind to that of AMRs40. In paragraph 5, the author mentions the plants in Western Europe and the US to ________.A. prove that nuclear power has been threatened by safety concern.B. show that the construction of nuclear power plants cost more that the budget available.C. indicate the construction of nuclear plants are slow in speed.D. point out that most power plants have adopted the latest nuclear technology.41. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Some people have lost confidence in the development of nuclear plantsB. The UK government seeks to reduce the negative impact of nuclear power on its economy.C. The plan to build two power plants in Hinkley Point has been desertedD. a kind costs for small modular reactors would be higher relative to large nuclear reactors.42. Which of the following can serve as the best title of this passage?A. Britain counts on nuclear energy to keep lights onB. Traditional nuclear plants boom with mini reactorsC. Nuclear’s share of power generation remain steadD. Nuclear power looks to shrink its way to successⅣ. Summary writing43. Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Where are the bees?Bees are essential to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate large areas of crops, such as straw berries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.72020年上海春季高考英语试题(含答案)In 2006, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD).The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive. In October of 2006, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeeper get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of travelling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food priced. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the less of that tiny flying insect._____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________第Ⅱ卷（共40分）Ⅴ. Translation: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.44. 究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性？(motivate)45. 网上支付方便了客户，但是牺牲了他们的隐私。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
第I卷I．Listening ComprehensionPart A Short ConversationsDirections: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers in your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. $1.50. B. $2. C. $3. D. $4.50.2. A. The weather was miserable all day.B. The weather was fine in the afternoon.C. The trip was on Sunday afternoon.D. She made a trip with heavy luggage.3. A. Japan. B. China. C. Canada. D. France.4. A. She is popular with children. B. She has always been popular.C. She had a surprise party.D. She was surprised by the party.5. A. In a restaurant. B. On a train.C. At a bus stop.D. At the airport.6. A. He needs some change.B. He seldom counts his money.C. He doesn’t have that much cash.D. He owes the woman twenty dollars.7. A. Jack is clever. B. Tom is reliable.C. Tom is honest.D. Jack is dependable.8. A. Brother and sister. B. Boss and secretary.C. Interviewer and interviewee.D. Pop star and fan.9. A. Heavy jackets are now on sale. B. She is waiting for winter to arrive.C. It’s hard to get a heavy jacket.D. She needs a warm jacket.10. A. He will continue his work on vacation.B. Papers piled while he was on vacation.C. He has too much work to do.D. He has made his vacation plans.Part B Longer ConversationsDirections: In Part B, you will hear two longer conversations. After each conversation, you will be asked two questions. The conversations will be read twice, but he questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 and 12 are based on the following conversation.11. A. He was driving beyond the speed limit.B. He was going 25 in a school zone.C. He went through a red light.D. He was driving his father’s car.12. A. He was worried about his driving record.B. He couldn’t pay for the speeding ticket.C. He had too many speeding tickets already.D. His father would be angry with him.Questions 13 and 14 are based on the following conversation.13. A. To urge John to talk more with his father.B. To help John forget his trouble.C. To help John get rid of his loneliness.D. To share her feelings with John.14. A. Parents nowadays are too busy.B. The generation gap always exists.C. Family problems are hard to solve.D. Communication is necessary at home.Part C PassagesDirections: In Part C, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 15 through 17 are based on the following passage.15. A. Last night. B. At the age of 20.C. At the age of 9.D. A couple of weeks ago.16. A. Because she liked it at their age.B. Because it was a story about animals.C. Because it was a fun story.D. Because it was a Disney film.17. A. Romeo and Juliet. B. A love story between two dogs.C. Different lives of two dogs.D. Children and dogs.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following news.18. A. The students planted trees.B. The students helped the litter control.C. The students had little control over the event.D. The Forest Park was green and clean.19. A. Schools have access to the World Wide Web.B. Students’ paintings are on show.C. The minister visited the painting exhibition.D. The government reached a decision last month.20. A. Low pay. B. Long work hours.C. Little respect.D. Fear of losing jobs.II. GrammarDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.21.One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain __________ goodknowledge of basic word formation.A. /B. theC. aD. one22.Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain __________ an inch.A. byB. atC. toD. from23.He will have learned English for eight years by the time he __________ from theuniversity next year.A. will graduateB. will have graduatedC. graduatesD. is to graduate24.I feel it is your husband who __________ for the spoiled child.A. is to blameB. is going to blameC. is to be blamedD. should blame25.In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companiesare striving __________ their products more competitive.A. to makeB. makingC. to have madeD. having made26.As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn,__________.A. the more for life are you equippedB. the more equipped for life you areC. the more life you are equipped forD. you are equipped the more for life27.It has been announced that candidates __________ remain in their seats until all thepapers have been collected.A. canB. willC. mayD. shall28.Mrs. Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera, __________?A. is heB. isn’t heC. doesn’t sheD. does she29.-- Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation?-- It __________.A. all dependB. all dependsC. is all dependedD. is all depending30.Quite a few people used to believe that disaster __________ if a mirror was broken.A. was sure of strikingB. was sure of having struckC. was sure to be struckD. was sure to strike31.Alec asked the policeman __________ he worked to contact him whenever therewas an accident.A. with himB. whoC. with whomD. whom32.-- You forgot your purse when you went out.-- Good heavens, __________.A. so did IB. so I didC. I did soD. I so did33.Though __________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in34.Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _________ only to people with specificknowledge.A. being knownB. having been knownC. to be knownD. known35.There’s a feeling in me __________ we’ll never know what a UFO is – not ever.A. thatB. whichC. of whichD. what36.He was about to tell me the secret __________ someone patted him on the shoulder.A. asB. untilC. whileD. when37.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I __________ in love, atthe age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldn’t have fallenB. had not fallenC. should fallD. were to fall38.__________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being ExposedD. After being exposed39.__________ be sent to work there?A. Who do you suggestB. Who do you suggest that shouldC. Do you suggest who shouldD. Do you suggest whom should40.Perseverance is a kind of quality – and that’s __________ it takes to do anythingwell.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. whyIII.VocabularyDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.41.Sugar is not an important element in bread, but flour is __________.A. uniqueB. essentialC. naturalD. adequate42.Mary finally __________ Bruce as her life-long companion.A. receivedB. acceptedC. madeD. honoured43.The secret of his success is that he does everything __________.A. efficientlyB. curiouslyC. anxiouslyD. sufficiently44.Go and join in the party. __________ it to me to do the washing-up.A. GetB. RemainC. LeaveD. Send45.To regain their __________ after an exhausting game, the players lay in the grass.A. forceB. energyC. powerD. health46.According to the recent research, heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is notnecessarily ___________ and effect.A. reasonB. impactC. factD. cause47.Every new __________ has the possibility of making or losing money.A. eventB. ventureC. adventureD. expectation48.Whatever rank you may be in, it would be wrong to __________ to law into yourown hands.A. bringB. holdC. takeD. seize49.The shopkeeper gave us __________ weight: we got 9 kilos instead of 10 kilos.A. scarceB. shortC. lightD. slight50.Can you make a sentence to __________ the meaning of the phrase?A. show offB. turn outC. bring outD. take inIV. Cloze(A)Have you ever regretted doing something you shouldn’t have done or something you didn’t do which you should have? At one time or another we probably all have. There’s no 51 in getting depressed about it now – it’s no 52 crying over spilt（溢出的）milk.However, there may be some gain in thinking about exactly what happened and why 53 we might be able to draw some conclusions for the future.One thing we all do now and again is to lose our 54 with a friend or close relative. The odd thing is that we more often display great 55 towards someone we are fond of than towards 56. The explanation may be that we see friends and relatives as a kind of safety net, an opportunity to 57 a bit of steam in a safe environment, while the consequences（结果）of 58 a stranger could be far more serious.Being honest is usually thought of as a virtue（美德）and undoubtedly this is the 59. On the other hand, we have all experienced occasions when we have spoken our minds to someone, telling them exactly what we feel, and then have found ourselves filled with feelings of 60. Perhaps we should have kept our mouths shut?51. A. reason B. purpose C. point D. result52. A. use B. help C. value D. benefit53. A. so B. because C. but D. though54. A. mind B. memory C. manner D. temper55. A. anger B. interest C. love D. respect56. A. strangers B. friends C. relatives D. colleagues57. A. run through B. throw away C. give up D. let off58. A. inviting B. insulting C. speaking to D. believing in59. A. issue B. case C. event D. factor60. A. excitement B. happiness C. pride D. guilt(B)Several factors make a good newspaper story. First – obviously – it must be new. But since TV can react to events so quickly, this is often a problem for 61. They usually respond to it in one of three ways.●By providing 62 detail, comment or background information.●By finding a new 63 on the day’s major stories.●By printing completely different stories which TV doesn’t broadcast.What else? Well – it also has to be 64 some kind of conflict or danger. This is one reason why so much news seems to be 66 news. “ Plane lands safely – no-one hurt” doesn’t sell newspapers. “Plane 67 – 200 feared dead!” does.Next, there’s human interest. People are interested in other 68 – particularly in the rich, famous and powerful. Stories about the private lives of pop singers, actors, models, politicians, 69, all appear regularly in certain newspapers.Finally, for many editors, 70 is an important factor, too. They prefer stories about people, places and events which their readers know. That’s why the stories in Tokyo’s newspapers are often very different from the stories printed in Paris, Cairo, New York or Buenos Aires.61. A. newspapers B. publications C. reporters D. broadcasters62. A. extra B. available C. inaccessible D. memorable63. A. direction B. look C. angle D. section64. A. tragic B. dramatic C. professional D. sensitive65. A. quote B. neglect C. increase D. involve66. A. good B. bad C. exciting D. informative67. A. crashes B. bumps C. strikes D. drops68. A. places B. people C. things D. news69. A. in addition B. in any case C. for example D. after all70. A. personality B. similarity C. uniqueness D. familiarityV.Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The wedding took place in a Birmingham hotel. The bride and her father arrived in a new black American sports car. Her father looked nervous and uncomfortable in front ofthe cameras. The bride wore a silk wedding dress. She smiled nervously at the waiting photographer and went to a room on the first floor where she met her future husband for the very first time.Carla Germaine and Greg Cordell were the winners of a radio station’s competition. The aim of the competition was to find two strangers prepared to marry without having met each other. Miss Germaine, 23, is a model. Mr. Cordell, 27, is a TV salesman. They were among the two hundred people who entered for a peculiar “experiment” organized by BMRB radio in Birmingham, England. Greg and Carla were among eight finalists who were interviewed live on radio. They took a lie detector（测谎仪）test and the station also spoke to their friends and family about their personalities. The competition judges included an astrologer（占星家）who declared that they were suited.The couple celebrated their wedding with a wedding breakfast and a party for 100 guests in the evening, but not everyone shared their joy. Miss Germaine’s mother looked anxious throughout the wedding and Mr. Cordell’s parents are reported to be less than delighted.Organizations, including the marriage guidance service Relate, have criticized the marriage. As one person put it, “We have enough problems getting young people to take marriage seriously without this. Marriage should always be about love.”The couple are now on a Caribbean honeymoon followed by journalists. Their other prizes include a year’s free use of a wonderful apartment in the centre of Birmingham, and a car. But will it last?71.How did the couple’s react to the wedding?A.The bride’s mother shared their joy.B.The bride’s father felt uncomfortable about the wedding.C.The bridegroom’s parents were quite delighted.D.The bridegroom’s parents were not that joyful.72.Some experts believe that __________.A.marriage without the couple’s meeting each other first ends up in divorceB.young people nowadays are too careless about marriageC.taking a lie detector test can not solve all the marriage problemsD.most young people take marriage seriously except this couple73.One of the prizes for the couple is __________.A.to spend their honeymoon wherever they likeB.to use an apartment free for some timeC.to have a wedding dress freeD.to own an American sports car74.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Two Strangers and a WeddingB. A Wedding Based on LoveC. A Short-Lived MarriageD. A Well-Matched Couple(B)In July 1994 Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, was struck by 21 pieces of a comet（彗星）. When the fragment（碎片）landed in the southern part of the giant planet, the explosions were watched by scientists here on earth. But what if our own planet was hit by a comet?The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our plant, but two fragments will probably hit the southern part of the Earth. The news has caused panic.On 17 July, a fragment four kilometers wide enters the Earth’s atmosphere with a huge explosion. About half of the fragment is destroyed. But the major part survives and hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and an enormous wave is created and spreads. The wall of water rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned. The wave moves into the Indian Ocean and heads towards Asia.Millions of people are already dead in the southern part of the Earth, but the north won’t escape for long. Tons of broken pieces are thrown into the atmosphere by the explosions. As the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later civilization has collapsed. No more than 10 million people have survived.Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs（恐龙）were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a space fragment. The dinosaurs couldn’t survive in the cold climate that followed and they became extinct. Will we meet the same end?75.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the author’s description of thedisaster in 2094?A.The whole world becomes extremely cold.B.All the coastal cities in African are destroyed.C.The whole mankind becomes extinct.D.The visit of the comet results in wars.76.Why does the author mention dinosaurs at the end of the passage?A.Because they could only live in the warm climate.B.Because they once dominated the Earth.C.Because their extinction indicates future disasters.D.Because dinosaurs and humans never live in the same age.77.In writing the passage, the author intends to __________.A.give an accurate description of the possible disaster in the futureB.prove that humans will sooner or later be destroyedC.tell the historical development of the EarthD.warn of a possible disaster in the future78.It can be concluded that the passage is most probably part of a(n) __________.A. horror storyB. news reportC. research paperD. article of popular science( C )Passport ControlIf you are arriving at London Heathrow Airport and are nottransferring（转换）another flight outside Britain or Northern Ireland, you must pass through Passport Control and Customs（海关）immediately after leaving your plane. If you are not British or a citizen of the European Community, you must fill out a special form before your passport is examined. This form is called a landing card and should begiven to you during the flight to London. After landing, follow the ARRIVALS signs. Make sure you are in the right channel when you reach Passport Control. There is one channel for holders of European Community passports, and a second channel marked “Other Passports”.Baggage Reclaim（行李领取）AreaAfter passing through Passport Control, follow the signs to the Baggage Reclaim Area. If you have luggage which was carried in the aircraft along with other cargo, it will be delivered to you in the Baggage Reclaim Area. Look for the sign with your flight number. If you have only hand luggage, go directly through the Baggage Reclaim Area to Customs.CustomsAll passengers must pass through Customs after Passport Control. There is a choice of two channels, Green and Red. If you have nothing to declare, go through the Green Channel. If you are not sure about your Duty Free allowances（免税额）, or if you have something to declare, go through the Red Channel. Information about Duty Free allowances can be found on special notice-boards in the Baggage Reclaim Area. You should study this information carefully whether you are going through the Red Channel or not. Please note that if you go through the Green Channel, you may be stopped and asked to open you luggage for inspection.79.When a Chinese traveler is arriving at Heathrow Airport for a trip in London, hemust __________.A.fill out a landing card firstB.pass through Customs before Passport ControlC.walk through the Red ChannelD.immediately reclaim his baggage after landing80.Those who are not sure about their Duty Free allowances __________.A.can check the information in the Baggage Reclaim AreaB.need to go through the Green ChannelC.will be asked to open the luggage for inspectionD.can do as those who have nothing to declare81.Which of the following travelers DO NOT have to go through Passport Control andCustoms?A.People traveling straight to London.B.Holders of European Community passports.C.Passengers transferring to a city in Ireland.D.Passengers only with some hand luggage.(D)Professor Reason recently persuaded 35 people to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for two weeks. When he came to analyse their embarrassing errors, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groups.One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her pet dog her ear-rings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. “the explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,” explains the professor. “People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman’s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her ear-rings. But somehow the action got reversed（颠倒）in the programme.” About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these “programme assembly failures.”Twenty per cent of all errors were “test failures” --- primarily due to not verifying the progress of what the body was doing. A man about to get his car out of the garage passed through the back yard where his garden jacket and boots were kept, put them on --- much to his surprise. A woman victim reported: “ I got into the bath with my socks on.” The commonest problem was information “ storage failures”. People forgot the names of people whose faces they knew, went into a room and forgot why they were there, mislaid something, or smoked a cigarette without realizing it.The research so far suggests that while the “central processor” of the brain is liberated from second-to-second control of a well-practised routine, it must repeatedly switch back its attention at important decision points to check that the action goes on as intended. Otherwise the activity may be “captured” by another frequently and recently used programme, resulting in embarrassing errors.82.The purpose of Professor Reason’s research is __________.A.to show the difference between men and women in their reasoningB.to classify and explain some errors in human actionsC.to find the causes which lead to computer failuresD.to compare computer functions with brain workings83.Which of the following might be grouped under “ programme assembly failures”?A. A woman went into a shop and forgot what to buy.B. A man returning home after work left his key in the lock.C. A lady fell as she was concentrating on each step her feet were taking.D.An old man, with his shoes on, was trying to put on his socks.84.The word verifying in paragraph 3 can be replaced by __________.A. improvingB. changingC. checkingD. stopping85.According to the passage, the information “storage failures” refer to __________.A.the destruction of information collecting systemB.the elimination of one’s total memoryC.the temporary loss of part of one’s memoryD.the separation of one’s action from consciousness第II卷I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.当时，那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于游客。