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2024年人教版小学五年级上学期期中英语试题与参考答案
2024年人教版英语小学五年级上学期期中自测试题与参考答案一、听力部分（本大题有12小题，每小题2分，共24分）1、听力材料：A. Good morning, class! How are you today?B. I’m fine, thank you. How about you?C. I’m also fine. Let’s start our English lesson.问题：What is the main topic of the dialogue?答案：A解析：This question asks about the main topic of the dialogue. The dialogue is about the morning greeting and the students’ well-being, which is mainly discussed in option A.2、听力材料：A. I have a red ball and a blue ball.B. She has two apples and three oranges.C. There are five books on the table and four pencils in the box.问题：Which sentence talks about the number of items?答案：B解析：This question asks about the sentence that mentions the number of items.Option B clearly states that “She has two apples and three oranges,” indicating the quantity of items. The other options are about colors or locations but do not specifically mention the number of items.3、Listen to the conversation between two students, Tom and Lily, discussing their weekend plans. Choose the correct option to complete the sentence.Tom: “Hey Lily, are you planning to do anything special this weekend?”Lily: “Yes, I’m going to ________.”A. visit my grandparentsB. go to the beachC. stay at home and readAnswer: B. go to the beachExplanation: Lily responds with a specific plan to go to the beach, indicating that option B is the correct choice.4、Listen to a short dialogue between a teacher and a student about homework. Fill in the blank with the correct word.Teacher: “Have you finished your________for tomorrow’s class?”Student: “Yes, Miss. I’ve completed it.”A. assignmentB. projectC. testAnswer: A. assignmentExplanation: The context of the dialogue is about homework, which is typicallyreferred to as an “assignment.” Therefore, option A is the correct choice.5、Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear.W: Hello, John. How was your weekend?M: It was great! I went hiking with my friends on Sunday. We climbed up a mountain and had a picnic at the top.Question: What did John do on Sunday?A) He went to the beach.B) He went hiking.C) He had a picnic at home.D) He visited his grandparents.Answer: B) He went hiking.Explanation: The dialogue clearly states that John went hiking with his friends on Sunday, so the correct answer is B.6、Listen to the conversation and answer the question you hear.M: Have you heard about the new ice cream shop that opened downtown? They have the best flavors!W: Really? I haven’t been there yet. Do they have any organic op tions?Question: What is the woman asking about?A) The location of the ice cream shop.B) The flavors of the ice cream.C) The opening hours of the shop.D) The organic options available.Answer: D) The organic options available.Explanation: The woman’s question, “Do they have any organic options?” indicates that she is inquiring about the availability of organic ice cream at the new shop, making D the correct answer.7、Listen to the conversation between two students and choose the correct answer.A. What subject are they talking about?1.English2.Math3.ScienceAnswer: 1Explanation: The conversation starts with one student saying, “Hey, have you studied English for the upcoming test?” which indicates they are discussing English.8、Listen to the dialogue and fill in the blanks with the correct words.Tom: Hey, what’s your favorite color?Lily: My favorite color is (___).A. redB. blueC. yellowAnswer: BExplanation: In the dialogue, Lily answers the question by saying, “My favorite color is blue,” so the correct answer is option B.9、Listen to the conversation and answer the question.W: Hi, John. How was your weekend?M: It was great! I went to the zoo with my family.W: Really? What animals did you see?M: We saw lions, tigers, bears, and many more.Question: What did John see at the zoo?A)ElephantsB)Lions and tigersC)MonkeysD)BirdsAnswer: B) Lions and tigers解析：This question tests the ability to understand specific details. In the conversation, John mentions that he saw “lions, tigers, bears, and many more,” which directly answers the question.10、Listen to the dialogue and complete the sentence with the correct word.M: What are you doing, Alice?W: I’m trying to find my favorite book.M: Is it in your room?W: No, I thi nk it’s in the kitchen.Question: Where is Alice looking for her book?A)In the living roomB)In the kitchenC)In the gardenD)In the school libraryAnswer: B) In the kitchen解析：This question tests the ability to understand the context and details. Alice says she thinks her book is in the kitchen, which is the correct answer. The other options are not mentioned in the dialogue.11.Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer to complete the sentence.A. The boy is playing soccer.B. The girl is playing basketball.C. They are playing chess.Answer: BExplanation: The conversation mentions “a basketball” and “the girl is playing,” indicating that the girl is playing basketball.12.Listen to the dialogue and fill in the blanks with the correct words.M: Hi, Jane. What are you doing?W: I’m________my________in the park.A. drawing / pictureB. reading / bookC. writing / storyAnswer: BExplanation: The context of the dialogue suggests that Jane is engaged in aleisure activity that involves reading. The correct completion of the sentence would be “I’m reading my book,” which is option B.二、选择题（本大题有12小题，每小题2分，共24分）1、Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.Tom is very good at playing the guitar. He can play it ___________.A. wonderfulB. beautifullyC. highlyD. successfullyAnswer: B. beautifullyExplanation: The correct choice is “beautifully” because it describes how Tom plays the guitar, which is a skill that can be beautifully performed.2、Read the sentence and choose the correct word to complete it.The cat is sleeping on the ___________.A. deskB. tableC. floorD. chairAnswer: C. floorExplanation: The correct choice is “floor” because cats often sleep on the floor, which is a common place for them to rest. The other options, suchas “desk,” “table,” and “chair,” are less likely places for a cat to sleep.3、Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.The cat is very __________; it always lands on its feet when it falls.A. quietB. gracefulC. heavyD. fastAnswer: B. gracefulExplanation: The word “graceful” best fits the context as it describes the cat’s ability to land on its feet with elegance. The other options do not relate to the cat’s falling and landing skill.4、Select the sentence that correctly uses the past tense.A. I go to the park yesterday.B. We watch a movie last night.C. She is reading a book yesterday.D. They are eating ice cream last week.Answer: B. We watch a movie last night.Explanation: The correct past tense form for the verb “watch” is “watched.” Therefore, the sentence “We watch a movie last night” is incorrect. The correct sentence should be “We watched a movie last night.” The other options either use the present tense incorrectly or have grammatical errors.5.Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.My mother always tells me to wear a jacket because it’squite__________outside.A. coolB. coldC. warmD. hotAnswer: B. coldExplanation: The sentence implies that the mother wants the child to wear a jacket, which suggests that the weather is cold. The other options (cool, warm, hot) do not fit the context as well.6.Select the word that is spelled incorrectly.A. completB. possibleC. definitD. definitlyAnswer: A. completExplanation: The correct spelling for the word should be “complete.” The other options are spelled correctly: “possible,” “definitely,” and “definitely.”7、Which word has a different pronunciation for the underlined part?A. bikeB. busC. climbD. boxAnswer: C. climbExplanation: In options A, B, and D, the ‘b’ sound is pronounced as /b/. However, in option C, the ‘b’ in ‘climb’ is silent, making its pronunciation different from the others.8、Choose the correct sentence to express that you go to school on foot every day:A. I go to school by bus every day.B. I go to school by bike every day.C. I go to school on foot every day.D. I go to school by car every day.Answer: C. I go to school on foot every day.Explanation: The phrase “on foot” means walking, which is the correct way to express going somewhere by walking. Options A, B, and D refer to different modes of transportation (bus, bike, and car, respectively), but the question specifically asks for the expression that indicates walking to school every day.9.Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.If it_tomorrow, we will go to the park.A. rainsB. rainC. rainedD. will rainAnswer: C. rainedExplanation: The sentence describes a conditional situation using the past simple tense to express a possibility in the present. The correct form to complete the sentence is “rained.”10.Select the sentence that correctly uses the past tense.A. She goes to school at 7:00 AM every day.B. They watched a movie last night.C. He is eating breakfast right now.D. They will have lunch after the movie.Answer: B. They watched a movie last night.Explanation: The past tense is used to describe actions that have already happened in the past. Option B correctly uses the past tense “watched” to describe an event that occurred in the past. The other options use present tense verbs, which do not correctly describe past events.11、What time is it if the minute hand is on 12 and the hour hand is on 3?A. 3:00B. 12:00C. 3:12D. 12:03Answer: A. 3:00Explanation: When the minute hand is on 12, it indicates that the time is at the exact hour. Since the hour hand is pointing to 3, it means the time is exactly 3 o’clock. Thus, the correct answer is 3:00.12、Which sentence is correct to express “I usually go to school by bus”?A. I often go to school by a bus.B. I usually go to school by bus.C. I always go to school with bus.D. I sometimes go to school in bus.Answer: B. I usually go to school by bus.Explanation:The preposition “by” is used when talking about the mode of transportation, especially when you do not specify which one (e.g., by bus, by car, by train). “Usually” correctly conveys the frequency of the action. The phrase “by a bus” is incorrect because we don’t use an article with “by” when referring to the general means of transport. “With bus” and “in bus” are not standard expressions for this context. Therefore, “I usually go to school by bus” is the right way to express it.三、完型填空（10分）Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Please choose the one that best fits into the passage.Tom is a 1__________ (A) kind (B) brave (C) clever (D) interesting boy. He always helps others and never asks for help himself. One day, he found an oldlady 2__________ (A) looking for her (B) looking for (C) looking (D) looked for her lost dog. The old lady was very worried because she 3__________ (A) loved (B) likes (C) liking (D) liked her dog very much. Tom decided to help her. He 4__________ (A) looked (B) looked for (C) looking (D) is looking for the dog in the neighborhood. After a few hours, he finally 5__________ (A) found (B) finding (C) founds (D) finds the dog and brought it back to the old lady.Answer: A1.A2.B3.A4.B5.A四、阅读理解（26分）Title: The Magic of LibrariesLibraries have always been magical places for book lovers and learners alike. They are not just buildings filled with books; they are gateways to knowledge and imagination. Imagine walking into a library on a cold winter day. The warmth from the lights and the friendly smiles of the librarians greet you as you enter. You can hear the soft sound of pages being turned and the occasional whisper between friends.In one corner, children gather around a storyteller who reads them talesof adventure and discovery. In another section, teenagers huddle over their laptops working on projects, while adults quietly browse through newspapers or search for information online. There’s a special area where people can borrow music CDs and DVDs, and even attend workshops to learn how to use computers or improve their language skills.The best part about libraries is that everything is free to use. Whether it’s a book, a computer, or a cozy chair to sit in, all these resources are available to anyone who wants them. This makes libraries important community centers where people of all ages can come together to read, learn, and share ideas.So next time you visit your local library, remember that you’re not just borrowing a book –you’re participating in a tradition that connects us to the wisdom of the past and the creativity of the present.Questions:1.What activities are happening in the library according to the passage?2.Why are libraries considered important community centers?3.What does the author suggest we should remember when visiting a library?Answers:1.According to the passage, activities in the library include children listening to stories, teenagers working on projects, adults browsing newspapers or searching online, borrowing music CDs and DVDs, attending workshops to learn new skills.2.Libraries are considered important community centers because they provide free access to various resources such as books, computers, and learningworkshops, and serve as a place where people of all ages can come together to read, learn, and share ideas.3.The author suggests that when visiting a library, we should remember that by borrowing a book, we participate in a tradition that connects us to the wisdom of the past and the creativity of the present.This passage and the questions are designed to test students’ ab ility to comprehend and extract key information from the text.五、写作题（16分）Write a short story about a day you spent with your family doing something fun. Be sure to include the following elements:1.The date and weather of the day.2.What activity your family decided to do.3.How you felt about the activity.4.A memorable moment that happened during the day.Example:Title: A Day of AdventureOn a sunny Saturday morning, my family and I decided to go hiking in the nearby mountains. The weather was perfect with a clear blue sky and a gentle breeze. I was excited because I had never been hiking before.We packed a small backpack with snacks and water and set off early in the morning. As we climbed the trail, the trees on either side began to thicken,and the air grew cooler. I could feel my heart pounding with anticipation.One of the most memorable moments of the day was when we reached a scenic overlook. From there, we could see for miles, with the mountains stretching out towards the horizon. My parents took out their cameras and snapped photos of us standing triumphantly at the top.As we continued our hike, we stumbled upon a small stream. We decided to take a break and have a picnic. I enjoyed the delicious sandwiches my mom made and the refreshing taste of the water from the stream. It was a moment of pure joy, surrounded by nature.The hike was challenging, but we all worked together and supported each other. By the time we reached the bottom, we were tired but satisfied. I realized that spending time with my family, no matter how difficult the activity, is always worth it.I will never forget that day of adventure, filled with laughter, teamwork, and the beauty of nature.Explanation:The example follows the structure outlined in the prompt. It begins by setting the scene with the date and weather, which is “a sunny Saturday morning.” The activity chosen is “hiking in the nearby mountains,” and the narrator’s feelings are conveyed through “I was excited because I had never been hiki ng before.”The story includes a memorable moment, the scenic overlook, where the familytakes photos, and another at the small stream where they picnic. These moments are vivid and contribute to the story’s appeal.The conclusion reflects on the overall experience, emphasizing the value of spending time with family and the joy of shared activities, which ties back to the initial excitement of the day.。
The Scientific Case for Owning Up to Your Porn Use
Imagine that you are in your bedroom watching porn on your smartphone or laptop. You look up to see that your partner has just entered the room. What would you do? Would you try to hide the porn and pretend like you were on Facebook instead? Orwould you be open about what you were looking at? Although many people's immediate reaction is to hide their porn use, research suggests that this kind of deception may not necessarily be in the best interest of your relationship.In a recent study published in the Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, a sample of 340 heterosexual women aged 18 to 41 were recruited to complete an online survey. Each of these women was in a relationship of at least six months duration with a man who uses pornography at least occasionally. These women were asked about their own and their partner’s use of po rnography, as well as whether they thought their male partners were being honest with them about their porn use. In addition, participants were asked how satisfied they are with their relationship and whether they were distressed over their male partner’s porn use (e.g., do they perceive their partner’s porn use as a form of cheating?).Most of the women in this sample (84.4 percent) believed that, for the most part, their partners had been honest about their porn use. In contrast, 10.6 percent believed their partners were not being honest, while the remaining 5 percent were undecided. Those women who felt that their partners were dishonest tended to be the least satisfied with their relationships and felt the most distressed regarding their partner’s porn use. Those who thought their partners were honest were the most satisfied and least distressed, while the undecided folks were somewhere in the middle.The researchers also looked at whether women engaged in mutual porn use with their partners. Most of the women (70 percent) said that they never used porn with their partners, 5 percent said they did it rarely, and 25 percent said they did it with some regularity. Mutual porn use was not associated with relationship satisfaction (i.e., women were about equally satisfied regardless of whether they used porn with their partners); however, mutual porn use was linked to feelings of pornography distress such that those women who rarely or never used porn with their partners felt more distressed than those who often engaged in mutual porn use.These results suggest that when it comes to porn use, honesty appears to be the best policy. That said, these findings do not rule out the possibility that women who thought their partners were dishonest about porn also thought their partners were dishonest about other things in their relationship. So, it could be that these findings have more to do with women’s broader perceptions of their partners’ honesty, as opposed to honesty specifically about porn use.Also, this study only looked at women's perceptions of their partners' honesty about porn, not whether their partners were actually being honest. We know that in relationships, people sometimes see what they want to see, and that may notrepresent the whole truth. For example, sometimes we hold positive illusions, or unrealistically favorable attitudes about a partner's traits and characteristics. Positive illusions can actually be adaptive in a relationship to some degree. It is also worthnoting that this study did not consider whether there may be some cases in which over-disclosing about one's porn use could potentially hurt a partner's feelings. For example, if one's partner is high in attachment anxiety (link is external), learning about the other's porn use could potentially be distressing because it may be viewed as a sign of cheating.Despite these limitations, these findings are consistent with the idea that open and honest communication about porn and other sexual matters is usually a sign of a healthy relationship.更多英语学习方法：企业英语培训/。
外研版英语初二上学期期中试卷及解答参考
外研版英语初二上学期期中复习试卷及解答参考一、听力部分（本大题有20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1、What does the boy want for breakfast?A) Toast and tea.B) A sandwich and coffee.C) Pancakes and orange juice.Answer: C) Pancakes and orange juice.Explanation: In the dialogue, the mother asks the boy what he would like to eat in the morning. The boy responds by saying he’s craving something sweet and not too heavy, which leads him to request pancakes. He also mentions that he’d prefer orange juice t o wash it down rather than a heavier drink like milk or coffee.2、Where did the girl lose her backpack?A) At the library.B) On the school bus.C) In the park.Answer: A) At the library.Explanation: During the conversation between the girl and her friend, she recalls the last place she remembers having her backpack with her was when she was studying at the library. She mentioned she had taken it off to sit morecomfortably and must have forgotten to take it with her when she left.3.You are listening to a conversation between two friends, Alice and Bob. They are discussing their weekend plans. Listen to the conversation and answer the following question:How does Alice feel about Bob’s suggestion for the weekend?A. ExcitedB. UninterestedC. SadD. AnnoyedAnswer: AExplanation: In the conversation, Alice responds with enthusiasm to Bob’s suggestion, indicating that she is excited about it.4.Listen to a short dialogue between a teacher and a student about a school project. The student is asking for clarification on the requirements. Listen and answer the following question:What does the teacher say is the deadline for the project?A. Next FridayB. Two weeks from todayC. This FridayD. Next MondayAnswer: BExplanation: The teacher explicitly states that the project is due two weeksfrom today, which corresponds to option B.5、Listen to the conversation and answer the question.M: Hi, Lisa, how was your trip to Beijing last weekend?W: It was amazing! I saw the Great Wall and the Forbidden City. Do you know what I found most surprising?M: No, what was it?W: The Great Wall is so huge that I couldn’t even see the end of it from one side. It’s like a giant snake winding through the mountains.Question: What was the woman most surprised about her trip to Beijing?A. The Forbidden City.B. The Great Wall.C. The mountains.D. The weather.Answer: BExplanation: The woman mentions that she found the Great Wall “so huge that I couldn’t even see the end of it from one side,” indicating that it was the most surprising aspect of her trip.6、Listen to the passage and complete the following sentence.The Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate. It allows us to connect with people from all over the world in just a few clicks. One of the most popular ways to communicate online is through social media platforms. These platforms have become an integral part of our daily lives, helping us stay connected withfriends, family, and colleagues. However, they can also have negative effects on our mental health if used excessively. It is important to maintain a healthy balance between online and offline activities.Question: What is one of the most popular ways to communicate online?A. Email.B. Video calls.C. Social media platforms.D. Instant messaging.Answer: CExplanation: The passage directly states, “One of the most popular ways to communicate online is through social media platforms.”7.You are listening to a conversation between two friends, Alice and Bob. They are discussing their weekend plans.Alice: Hi Bob, do you have any plans for the weekend?Bob: Yeah, actually, I’m planning to go hiking in the mountains.Alice: That sounds amazing! Are you going alone?Bob: No, I’m bringing along a group of friends.Alice: How long do you think it will take to complete the hike?Bob: It should take us about 4 hours to get to the top and then another 3 hours to come back down.Question: How long will Bob and his friends be hiking in total?A) 7 hoursB) 6 hoursC) 5 hoursD) 4 hoursAnswer: A) 7 hoursExplanation: Bob mentioned that it would take them 4 hours to reach the top and another 3 hours to come back down, which totals to 7 hours of hiking.8.Listen to a short dialogue between a teacher and a student, discussing the student’s grades.Teacher: Hi Sarah, how are your grades so far this semester?Sarah: Hi Mr. Smith, they’re okay. I’m a bit worried about my math grade.Teacher: I see. What’s the issue?Sarah: Well, I’ve been struggling to understand some of the more complex problems.Teacher: I understand. Let’s schedule a study session for next week. We’ll go over the topics you’re having trouble with.Sarah: That sounds great, thank you, Mr. Smith.Question: What does Sarah need help with?A) Her writing skillsB) Her science gradeC) Her math gradeD) Her reading skillsAnswer: C) Her math gradeExplanation: Sarah explicitly mentions that she is worried about her math grade and struggling to understand complex problems, indicating that she needs help with her math grade.9.You are listening to a conversation between a student and a teacher.Student: Professor, I’m really struggling with the new math ass ignment. Could you help me understand it better?Teacher: Of course! The first thing you need to do is to break down the problem into smaller parts. Let’s go through it step by step.Question: What is the student asking the teacher?A. To borrow the teache r’s math book.B. To help with the new math assignment.C. To explain the grading system.D. To cancel the upcoming math test.Answer: BExplanation: The student says, “I’m really struggling with the new math assignment,” which indicates that they are aski ng the teacher for help with their assignment.10.You are listening to a news report about a recent event in the city.Anchor: Good evening, everyone. We have some breaking news to report. A major traffic accident occurred earlier today on Route 5. According to our sources, several vehicles were involved in the collision, and emergency services are currently on the scene.Question: What is the news report primarily about?A. A new shopping center opening in the city.B. A recent traffic accident on Route 5.C. The city’s new recycling program.D. A sports event being held in the city.Answer: BExplanation: The news report specifically mentions a “major traffic accident” and provides details about the incident, such as the location and the involvement of emergency services, making option B the correct answer.11.You are listening to a conversation between two students, Alice and Bob, talking about their weekend plans.Question: What does Alice plan to do on Saturday afternoon?A. Go shopping.B. Visit a friend.C. Watch a movie.Answer: BExplanation: In the conversation, Alice says, “I’m planning to visit my friend on Saturday afternoon.” Therefore, the correct answer is B.12.You are listening to a teacher, Mr. Smith, giving instructions to his students about a school project.Question: What are the students supposed to do for the school project?A. Write a report.B. Prepare a presentation.C. Conduct an experiment.Answer: BExplanation: Mr. Smith mentions, “Each group is required to prepare a presentation about the topic.” Hence, the correct answer is B.13.Listen to the conversation between two students, Tom and Lucy, talking about their weekend plans. Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.Tom: “Hey Lucy, are you going anywhere this weekend?”Lucy: “Yeah, I’m planning to visit my grandparents. How about you?”Tom: “I’m not sure yet. Maybe I’ll go hiking or stay at home and study.”What is Tom’s current plan for the weekend?A. To visit his grandparents.B. To go hiking.C. To stay at home and study.D. Not mentioned.Answer: CExplanation: In the conversation, Tom says, “I’m not sure yet. Maybe I’ll go hiking or stay at home and study.” This indicates that he has not decided on his plan yet, but he has mentioned two possibilities: going hiking or staying at home to study. However, since the question asks about his current plan, the correct answer is that his plan is not mentioned.14.Listen to a short passage about different types of sports equipment.Answer the question by choosing the correct option.Question: What is the main purpose of wearing a helmet while playing ice hockey?A. To protect the player’s neck.B. To protect the player’s head.C. To protect the player’s hands.D. To protect the player’s feet.Answer: BExplanation: The passage mentions that wearing a helmet is essential for sports like ice hockey. It states, “A helmet is worn to protect the player’s head from injuries.” Therefor e, the main purpose of wearing a helmet while playing ice hockey is to protect the player’s head.15.You are listening to a conversation between two students, Alice and Bob, discussing their weekend plans.Alice: Hey Bob, what are you planning to do this weekend?Bob: I’m thinking of going hiking with a group of friends. How about you, Alice?Alice: That sounds fun! I was actually planning to go to the library to study for my upcoming exams.Question: What is Bob planning to do this weekend?A. Go to the libraryB. Go hiking with friendsC. Study for examsD. Visit a friendAnswer: BExplanation: In the conversation, Bob mentions that he is planning to go hiking with a group of friends, which is option B.16.You are listening to a weather forecast for a major city.Weather Forecast: The weather forecast for today is as follows. It will be partly cloudy with a high of 25 degrees Celsius. There is a 30% chance of scattered showers in the afternoon. The wind will be blowing at 10-15 kilometers per hour from the east.Question: What is the expected weather condition in the afternoon?A. ClearB. RainyC. SunnyD. CloudyAnswer: BExplanation: The weather forecast states that there is a 30% chance of scattered showers in the afternoon, indicating that the weather will be rainy.17.You are listening to a conversation between two students discussing their weekend plans.Student A: Hi, Mark. What are you doing this weekend?Student B: Oh, I’m planning to go hiking in the mountains. It’s supposed tobe a beautiful day.Student A: That sounds great! Are you going alone?Student B: No, I’m bringing my sister along. She’s an experienced hiker. Student A: Wow, that’s impressive. I wish I had someone to go with me. Student B: Well, maybe next time. How about you? What are your plans? Student A: I’m actually going to visit my grandparents in the countryside. It’s been a while since I’ve seen them.Student B: That’s a nice way to spend your weekend. Enjoy your time with them!Question: What is Mark planning to do this weekend?A) Visit his grandparentsB) Go hiking with his sisterC) Spend time aloneD) Have a party with friendsAnswer: B) Go hiking with his sisterExplanation: In the conversation, Mark mentions that he is planning to go hiking in the mountains and he will be bringing his sister along, indicating that the correct answer is B) Go hiking with his sister.18.You are listening to a radio report about a new health trend.Narrator: According to recent studies, there’s a new health trend that’s gaining popularity. It’s called “Forest Bathing,” or “Shinrin-Yoku” in Japanese. This practice involves spending time in nature, particularly in forests, to improve mental and physical health.Question: What is the new health trend called?A) Nature WalkB) Forest BathingC) Shinrin-YokuD) Outdoor FitnessAnswer: B) Forest BathingExplanation: The radio report specifically mentions “Forest Bathing” as the new health trend, so the correct answer is B) Forest Bathing. The other options are not mentioned in the report.19.You are listening to a conversation between two friends, Alex and Sam. They are discussing their weekend plans.Alex: “Hey Sam, what are you doing this weekend?”Sam: “I’m thinking of going hiking in the mountains. How about you?”Alex: “That sounds great! I was planning to visit my grandparents. But maybe I can go hiking with you instead.”Sam: “Sure, I’d love that! We can make it a double adventure.”Question: What is Alex originally planning to do this weekend?A) Visit his grandparentsB) Go hikingC) Go to the mountainsD) Have a double adventureAnswer: A) Visit his grandparentsExplanation: The question asks about Alex’s original plan. In the conversation, Alex mentions, “I was planning to visit my grandparents,” indicating that this was his original plan before considering hiking with Sam.20.You are listening to a weather report for the city of New York.Weather Report: “The current temperature in New York is 15 degrees Celsius. There is a 70% chance of rain in the next few hours. The wind is blowing at 10 kilometers per hour from the northeast. Temperatures will drop to around 10 degrees overnight.”Question: What will the temperature be overnight in New York?A) 15 degrees CelsiusB) 10 degrees CelsiusC) 5 degrees CelsiusD) 20 degrees CelsiusAnswer: B) 10 degrees CelsiusExplanation: The weather report states, “Temperatures will drop to around 10 degrees overnight,” which directly answers the question about the overnight temperature in New York.二、阅读理解（30分）Reading ComprehensionPassage:In the small town of Maplewood, there was once a lively library that wasthe heart of the community. The library was known for its wide variety of books, friendly staff, and cozy atmosphere. However, over the years, the library faced many challenges, including a declining number of visitors and financial difficulties.One day, a young librarian named Emily decided to take matters into her own hands. She believed that the library needed to adapt to the changing times and attract more people to its doors. With the help of her colleagues, Emily came up with a plan to revitalize the library.They started by hosting a series of events and workshops, including storytelling sessions, book clubs, and art classes. They also introduced new technology, such as e-readers and online resources, to make the library more accessible to the community. As a result, the library began to attract more visitors, and its popularity grew.One of the most successful events was a book fair, which was held in the library’s parking lot. The fair featured a variety of books, from classic literature to the latest bestsellers. Local authors and illustrators were invited to participate, and many people from the community came to support the event. The fair not only generated revenue for the library but also brought the community together.As the library’s popularity grew, Emily and her colleagues continued to innovate. They started a community garden outside the library, which provided a space for people to learn about gardening and connect with nature. They alsopartnered with local schools to create a reading program that encouraged students to visit the library regularly.Today, the Maplewood Library is thriving. It is a place where people of all ages come to learn, grow, and connect. Thanks to Emily’s vision and determination, the library has become an integral part of the community once again.Questions:1.What was the main problem faced by the Maplewood Library?A. A lack of booksB. A declining number of visitorsC. Financial difficultiesD. A lack of technology2.Which of the following events was NOT part of Emily’s plan to revitalize the library?A. Storytelling sessionsB. Book clubsC. Art classesD. Hosting a movie night3.How did the book fair contribute to the library’s popularity?A. It helped generate revenue for the library.B. It brought the community together.C. It encouraged students to visit the library regularly.D. All of the above.Answers:1.B. A declining number of visitors2.D. Hosting a movie night3.D. All of the above.三、完型填空（15分）Section III: Reading Comprehension (10 points)Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one of the words given below. There are two extra words which do not fit into the passage.Last year, my family and I decided to take a trip to the countryside. We were looking forward to a relaxing weekend away from the hustle and bustle of the city. Our plan was to visit a small village that my grandparents had often talked about.On our first morning, we woke up early and had a quick breakfast. After packing our bags, we set off in our car. The journey was longer than we expected, but the beautiful scenery along the way made it worth it. We passed through lush green forests and over rolling hills. The air was fresh and the sky was clear blue.As we arrived in the village, we were greeted by the friendly villagers. They were eager to share their stories and traditions. We spent the afternoon exploring the village, visiting the local market, and trying some deliciouslocal food. One of the highlights was a traditional folk music performance that evening. The music was so captivating that we couldn’t help but dance in the street.However, we soon realized that the weekend was not going to be as relaxing as we had hoped. The village was very lively, with people constantly coming and going. We tried to find a quiet spot to rest, but it was impossible. The noise and activity were overwhelming.1.We were looking forward to a______weekend away from the city.a.peacefulb.noisyc.busyd.quiet2.The journey was______than we expected.a.shorterb.longerc.quickerd.slower3.The scenery along the way was ______.a.boringb.beautifulc.uglyd.confusing4.The villagers were ______.a.unfriendlyb.friendlyc.silentd.distant5.The folk music performance was ______.a.boringb.fascinatingc.monotonousd.annoyingAnswers:1.a. peaceful2.b. longer3.b. beautiful4.b. friendly5.b. fascinating四、语法填空题（本大题有10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1、The cat,___________usually sleeps in the sun, is black.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. it答案：A解析：本题考查定语从句的关系词。
2018年成人高考《英语》真题
2018年成人高考《英语》真题答案必须答在答题卡上的指定位置，答在试卷上无效。
第一部分、选择题（105 分）一、语音知识（共5 小题：每题1.5 分，共7.5 分）在下列每组单词中，有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不同，找出这个词。
1.A.break B.clean C.heat D.peace2.A.father B.Neither C.thief D.thus3.A.bear B.hear C.pear D.wear4.A.button B.excuse e D.music5.A.allow B.below C.brown D.powder二、词汇与语法知识（共15 小题；每题1.5 分，共22.5 分。
）从每小题的四个选择项中，选出最佳的一项。
6.—Was the gentleman's name David?—No.I don't think so, but .go on,please.A.many thanksB.never mindC.not at allD.I'd like to7. Our manager is not in right now. Can I a message?A.LeaveB.GiveC.TakeD.write8.George ought to have arrived t his time.A.duringB.byC.inD.on9.Once Johnny starts painting a picture, he won't stop until it .A.is finishedB.was finishedC.had been finishedD.will be finished10.The girl is waiting for her aunt on s ide of the road.A.otherB.anotherC.the otherD.one other11.I never seem to have any time. with my parents.A.spendB.spentC.having spentD.to spend12.—The story is too hard to understand.—Yes,it's short and there aren't many new words in it.A.sinceB.thoughC.ifD.because13.— will John get to the company?—In three hours.A.How fastB.How longC.How oftenD.How soon14.They all looked so happy. They h ave succeeded after so many failures.A.couldB.wouldC.shouldD.must15.I came across this old book while I m y room .A.cleanB.was cleaningC.have cleanedD.will clean16.Tom is t han George ,but John is the o f the three.A.tallest,tallerB.tall tallerC.taller,tallestD.taller,tall17.The teacher asked all the students in the class to keep their eyes f or a minute.A.CloseB.to closeC.closedD.closing18.In the last five years the city o ut rapidly in all directions.A.spreadB.to closeC.closedD.Closing19.I think Vic feels surprised by the fact I’m smarter than he is.A.whyB.thatC.whenD.which20.A good teacher must be t oo strict too weak.A.either;orB.not only;but alsoC.neither;norD.both;and三、完形填空（共15 小题：每题2分，共30 分。
外研版英语高二上学期试卷及答案指导(2024年)
2024年外研版英语高二上学期模拟试卷及答案指导一、听力第一节（本大题有5小题，每小题1.5分，共7.5分）1、Question: What is the name of the author being discussed in the conversation?A) Jane AustenB) Charles DickensC) Mark TwainD) Emily BrontëAnswer: B) Charles DickensExplanation: The conversation mentions a famous novel by the author, which is “Great Expectations,” a novel by Charles Dickens. Therefore, the correct answer is B) Charles Dickens.2、Question: How does the woman describe her recent trip to the mountains?A) It was very hot.B) It was quite challenging.C) It was very relaxing.D) It was quite expensive.Answer: B) It was quite challenging.Explanation: The woman in the conversation mentions that the hike up the mountain was difficult and required a lot of effort, indicating that it was challenging. Thus, the correct answer is B) It was quite challenging.3、Question 3:Conversation:M: Hi, Sarah. Are you going to the library today?W: Yes, but I’ll be leaving a bit later because I have a class until 3 PM. Q: What does Sarah plan to do after her class?(A) Go home(B) Meet a friend(C) Go to the library(D) Attend a lectureAnswer: CExplanation: The woman indicates that she will go to the library, but only after her class ends at 3 PM.4、Question 4:Conversation:W: Excuse me, Professor White. Could you give me a brief overview of today’s lecture?M: Of course. We discussed the impact of technology on communication in the 21st century.Q: What topic did Professor White cover in his lecture?(A) The history of communication(B) The future of technology(C) The influence of technology on modern communication(D) The development of 21st-century educationAnswer: CExplanation: Professor White explicitly states that the lecture covered the impact of technology on communication in the current century, which aligns with option C.5、Listen to the conversation and answer the question.W: Hey, John, did you know that the average temperature in the city for the past week was 75 degrees Fahrenheit?M: Yeah, that’s quite hig h compared to last year. It was only 60 degrees Fahrenheit last week at this time.Q: What was the average temperature in the city last week at this time last year? A: 60 degrees Fahrenheit解析：This question tests your ability to understand numbers and compare information. The key phrase to listen for is “60 degrees Fahrenheit last year at this time,” which directly gives you the answer.二、听力第二节（本大题有15小题，每小题1.5分，共22.5分）1、Question: What is the name of the author who wrote the book “To Kill a Mockingbird”?Options:A. Jane AustenB. Mark TwainC. Harper LeeD. F. Scott FitzgeraldAnswer: C. Harper LeeExplanation: “To Kill a Mockingbird” is a novel written by Harper Lee. The other options listed are authors of different famous works, but they are not the author of this specific book.2、Question: What is the capital city of France?Options:A. RomeB. ParisC. LondonD. BerlinAnswer: B. ParisExplanation: Paris is the capital city of France. The other options listed are the capitals of Italy (Rome), the United Kingdom (London), and Germany (Berlin), respectively.3.You will hear a conversation between two students, Alice and Bob, discussing their weekend plans. Listen and answer the question.Question: What activity does Alice plan to do on Saturday afternoon?A. Visit a museumB. Go hikingC. Watch a movieD. Go shoppingAnswer: BExplanation: In the conversation, Alice says, “I’m planning to g o hiking with some friends on Saturday afternoon. It should be a lot of fun!” This indicates that her plan for Saturday afternoon is to go hiking.4.You will hear a news report about the upcoming climate change conferencein Paris. Listen and answer the question.Question: According to the report, what is the main goal of the conference?A. To discuss the history of climate changeB. To find a solution to the global financial crisisC. To create a global agreement on reducing carbon emissionsD. To promote tourism in ParisAnswer: CExplanation: The news report states, “The main goal of the conference is to reach a global agreement on reducing carbon emissions to combat climate change.” This directly answers the question about the main goal of the conference.5.You will hear a conversation between two students, Tom and Sarah, discussing their weekend plans. Listen to the conversation and answer the question.Question: What does Sarah plan to do on Saturday afternoon?A. Visit a museum.B. Go to a movie with Tom.C. Attend a sports event.D. Have a quiet day at home.Answer: A. Visit a museum.Explanation: In the conversation, Sarah mentions, “I’m thinking of visiting the art museum this Saturday afternoon.” This indicates that her plan is to visit a museum.6.You will hear a news report about a new study on climate change. Listen to the report and answer the question.Question: What is the main finding of the study according to the report?A. Climate change is slowing down.B. The effects of climate change are becoming less severe.C. The rate of global warming is increasing.D. The impact of climate change is minimal.Answer: C. The rate of global warming is increasing.Explanation: The news report states, “The study indicates that the rate of global warming is accelerating at an unprecedented pace, which is causing concern among scientists.” This statement supports option C as the correct answer.7.You hear a conversation between two students discussing their weekend plans. The first student mentions going to the beach, and the second student responds with enthusiasm. What does the second student say?A)“That sounds amazing, I wish I could go with you.”B)“I’m not a big fan of the beach, but I’ll consider it.”C)“I’ve never been to the beach, but I’ll give it a try.”D)“That’s a terrible idea, I prefer staying indoors.”Answer: A)Explanation: The second student expresses enthusiasm for the first student’s plan to go to the beach. The correct response is “That sounds amazing, I wish I could go with you.”8.You hear a conversation between a teacher and a student. The student is asking for advice on choosing a major. The teacher suggests that the student consider their interests and strengths. What does the teacher say?A)“You should choose a major that you’re passionate about.”B)“I think it’s best to choose a major that will make you a lot of money.”C)“You should choose a major that will make your parents happy.”D)“You should choose a major based on what your friends are studying.”Answer: A)Explanation: The teacher advises the student to consider their interests and strengths when choosing a major. The correct response is “You should choose a major that you’re passionate about.”9.You will hear a conversation between two students discussing their favorite subjects. Listen to the conversation and answer the question.Question: What subject does the girl prefer?A. MathB. EnglishC. HistoryD. ScienceAnswer: BExplanation: In the conversation, the girl says, “I really like E nglish because it’s both challenging and fun.” This indicates that her favorite subject is English.10.You will hear a dialogue between a teacher and a student about the student’s homework. Listen to the dialogue and answer the question.Question: Why is the student worried about the homework?A. The homework is too difficult.B. The homework is due the next day.C. The student has already completed the homework.D. The student doesn’t understand the instructions.Answer: DExplanation: The teacher asks, “Why don’t you understand the instructions for the homework?” The student responds, “I’m not sure what to do with the data analysis part.” This shows that the student is worried because they don’t understand the instructions.11.You hear a conversation between two students discussing their weekend plans.A)They plan to go hiking.B)They plan to stay at home and study.C)They plan to go to a concert.Answer: B) They plan to stay at home and study.Explanation: In the conversation, one student mentions having a lot of homework and the other agrees that it’s important to focus on studying,indicating that they plan to stay at home.12.You hear a news report about a recent scientific discovery.A) A new type of technology has been developed.B) A famous scientist has passed away.C) A major medical breakthrough has been achieved.Answer: A) A new type of technology has been developed.Explanation: The news report focuses on the introduction of a new technology that has the potential to impact various fields, which is why option A is the correct answer. The other options are not mentioned in the report.13.You will hear a short conversation between two students. Listen and answer the question.Question: What are the students discussing?A. The weather forecast for the weekend.B. The deadline for an upcoming assignment.C. The latest movie they watched together.D. The location of a new café in town.Answer: B解析：In the conversation, the students are talking about the deadline for an upcoming assignment. They discuss the importance of finishing it on time and how they need to manage their time effectively.14.You will hear a short lecture about the impact of social media on young adults. Listen and answer the question.Question: According to the lecture, what is one potential negative effectof social media on young adults?A. Improved communication skills.B. Increased self-confidence.C. Decreased face-to-face social interactions.D. Enhanced educational opportunities.Answer: C解析：In the lecture, the speaker mentions that one potential negative effect of social media on young adults is the decreased face-to-face social interactions. The speaker discusses how excessive time spent on social media can lead to less personal communication and a reliance on digital interactions.15.You will hear a conversation between two students, John and Emily, discussing their favorite subjects. Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer to the following question.Question: What is the main reason Emily chose her major?A. She is interested in mathematics.B. She wants to study computer science.C. She is passionate about literature.D. She is good at economics.Answer: C. She is passionate about literature.Explanation: In the conversation, Emily mentions that she has always loved reading books and writing stories, which is why she chose to major in literature. Therefore, the correct answer is C. She is passionate about literature.三、阅读第一节（第1题7.5分，其余每题10分，总37.5分）第一题Read the following passage carefully and then answer the questions below.In recent years, the importance of environmental protection has been increasingly recognized worldwide. As the global population continues to grow and urbanization expands, the negative impact of human activities on the environment has become more evident. One of the most pressing issues is climate change, which is caused by the excessive emission of greenhouse gases. The rising temperatures are leading to more frequent and severe natural disasters, such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts. In addition to climate change, pollution from factories and vehicles has also caused significant damage to ecosystems and human health.Many countries have started to take action to mitigate the environmental problems. Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, are being developed to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Public transportation systems are being improved to encourage people to use eco-friendly modes of transport. Moreover, governments are implementing stricter regulations on industries to reduce their emissions and promote sustainable practices.Despite these efforts, it is still crucial for individuals to take responsibility for their own actions. Simple lifestyle changes, such as reducing waste, conserving water, and using energy-efficient appliances, can make a significant difference. Education and awareness are also vital in promoting aculture of environmental responsibility.Questions:1、What is the main topic of the passage?A. The benefits of renewable energy sourcesB. The negative impact of climate changeC. The role of individuals in environmental protectionD. The importance of public transportation systems2、According to the passage, what are the main causes of environmental problems?A. Climate change and pollutionB. Urbanization and overpopulationC. Deforestation and overfishingD. Fossil fuel consumption and deforestation3、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a measure to mitigate environmental problems?A. Developing renewable energy sourcesB. Improving public transportation systemsC. Encouraging people to use eco-friendly modes of transportD. Implementing stricter regulations on industries and promoting sustainable practices4、What is the author’s main point about the role of individuals in environmental protection?A. Individuals should not take responsibility for their actions.B. Simple lifestyle changes can make a significant difference.C. Education and awareness are not important in promoting a culture of environmental responsibility.D. Individuals should only rely on governments and industries to solve environmental problems.Answers:1、C2、A3、C4、B第二题Reading PassageIn the small town of Windermere, nestled between the majestic mountains of the Lake District, there’s a hidden gem known as the Windermere Lake Steamboat Museum. This museum, which opened its doors in 1969, is dedicated to the rich history of steam-powered boats and their impact on the development of the region.The museum’s centerpiece is the world’s last remaining paddle steamer, the MV Balmoral, which was built in 1894. The Balmoral was an engineering marvel of its time, capable of carrying passengers and goods across the waters of Lake Windermere. The museum’s exhibits also include photographs, artifacts, and interactive displays that tell the story of the steamboat era.One of the most fascinating aspects of the museum is the opportunity for visitors to take a short steamboat ride on the lake, just as the early travelers would have done. The experience is not only educational but also offers a unique perspective of the landscape that has changed little over the years.The museum’s founder, Mr.Harold Pegg, was a local historian who had a deep passion for preserving the town’s heritage. He believed that the story of the steamboats was integral to understanding the development of the region and the lives of its people.Questions:1、What is the main focus of the Windermere Lake Steamboat Museum?A. The history of the town of WindermereB. The impact of steamboats on the Lake DistrictC. The life of Mr. Harold PeggD. The history of steam-powered boats and their role in the region2、What year was the MV Balmoral built?A. 1869B. 1894C. 1969D. 19403、What is a unique opportunity offered to visitors at the museum?A. A guided tour of the townB. A talk by a local historianC. The chance to take a steamboat ride on Lake WindermereD. A tasting of local cuisine4、Why did Mr. Harold Pegg establish the museum?A. To attract tourists to the townB. To showcase his own steamboat collectionC. To preserve the history of steamboats in the regionD. To promote the sale of steamboat memorabiliaAnswers:1、D2、B3、C4、C第三题Reading PassageThe following is a passage about the history and impact of the internet on modern life. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.In the late 20th century, the internet began to transform the way people communicate, work, and live. This digital revolution has had a profound impact on various aspects of society, including education, business, and entertainment. The internet has become an indispensable part of our daily lives, connecting people from all corners of the globe.The birth of the internet can be traced back to the 1960s, when the UnitedStates government initiated a project called ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network). The primary goal of ARPANET was to create a decentralized communication network that could withstand nuclear attacks. Over time, ARPANET evolved into the modern internet we know today.1、What was the original purpose of ARPANET?A. To provide entertainment to the public.B. To create a decentralized communication network that could withstand nuclear attacks.C. To develop advanced research projects.D. To improve the quality of education.2、According to the passage, how has the internet changed our lives?A. It has made people more isolated.B. It has reduced communication between people.C. It has had a profound impact on various aspects of society.D. It has increased unemployment.3、The passage mentions that the internet has become an indispensable part of our daily lives. What does this mean?A. The internet is no longer important.B. The internet is a necessary part of our lives.C. The internet is not necessary for our lives.D. The internet is only important for some people.4、What is the main idea of the passage?A. The history of the internet.B. The impact of the internet on education.C. The impact of the internet on business.D. The impact of the internet on modern life.Answers:1、B2、C3、B4、D第四题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The rise of the Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate and access information. With just a few clicks, we can now connect with people from all over the world, access a vast array of information, and even purchase products online. This technological advancement has brought both benefits and challenges to our society.In the past, communication was limited to letters, phone calls, and face-to-face meetings. Now, with email, social media, and instant messaging, we can communicate instantly with anyone, regardless of their location. This has greatly increased efficiency and convenience in our daily lives. However, it has also led to a decline in face-to-face interactions and a decrease in written communication skills.Information accessibility has also been greatly enhanced by the Internet. Libraries, once the go-to source for research, are now just one of many options. With a simple online search, we can find articles, books, and other resources in seconds. This has made education and self-learning more accessible to a wider audience. On the other hand, it has raised concerns about the reliability and accuracy of online information.Online shopping has become increasingly popular, offering convenience and a wide variety of choices. Customers can compare prices, read reviews, and even have products delivered to their doorstep. This has changed the retail landscape and forced traditional brick-and-mortar stores to adapt. However, there are concerns about the environmental impact of online shopping and the potential for fraud.1、What is the main topic of the passage?A. The advantages of the InternetB. The disadvantages of the InternetC. The impact of the Internet on communicationD. The impact of the Internet on education2、According to the passage, what is one of the challenges brought by the Internet?A. Increased efficiencyB. Decreased face-to-face interactionsC. Enhanced information accessibilityD. Improved communication skills3、How has the Internet affected libraries?A. Libraries have become obsolete.B. Libraries are no longer used for research.C. Libraries are still a valuable resource for research.D. Libraries have been replaced by online searches.4、What is a concern regarding online shopping mentioned in the passage?A. The convenience of online shopping.B. The environmental impact of online shopping.C. The wide variety of choices available.D. The potential for fraud in online transactions.Answers:1、C2、B3、C4、B四、阅读第二节（12.5分）Reading Section IIPassage:In the small coastal town of Porthaven, the community has long cherished its annual summer festival. This year, however, the festival is facing a newchallenge. The local council has proposed a plan to expand the town’s marina, which many residents believe will overshadow the festival and damage the natural beauty of the town.The festival, which has been running for over 50 years, features traditional music, local crafts, and a grand parade. It’s a highlight of the summer for both tourists and residents al ike. However, the council’s proposal has sparked a heated debate among the townspeople.Proponents of the marina expansion argue that it will bring in more tourists, boost the local economy, and provide more docking space for boats. They believe that the additional revenue generated from the expanded marina will be used to improve the town’s infrastructure and public amenities.Opponents, on the other hand, are worried that the expansion will destroy the natural landscape and disrupt the tranquility of the town. They also fear that the increased tourist traffic and commercialization will detract from the festival’s charm and the community’s sense of identity.Questions:1.What is the main issue that the community of Porthaven is currently debating?A. The closing of the local schoolB. The expansion of the town’s marinaC. The relocation of the town’s libraryD. The cancellation of the annual summer festival2.What is the primary concern of the opponents of the marina expansion plan?A. The potential increase in tourismB. The possibility of improved infrastructureC. The potential damage to the natural landscapeD. The potential for increased revenue3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a feature of the Porthaven summer festival?A. Traditional musicB. Local craftsC. A grand paradeD. An art gallery exhibit4.How do the proponents of the marina expansion plan expect the additional revenue to be used?A. To fund the festival activitiesB. To improve the town’s infrastructureC. To increase the festival’s budgetD. To reduce the town’s taxes5.According to the passage, what is the outcome of the debate over the marina expansion plan?A. The council has decided to cancel the expansion project.B. The town has voted to proceed with the expansion.C. The residents have decided to ignore the council’s proposal.D. The debate is still ongoing, with no clear resolution yet.Answers:1.B2.C3.D4.B5.D五、语言运用第一节 _ 完形填空（15分）完形填空Passage:“Every morning, Tom would wake up early and go f or a run. It was his way of getting ready for the day (1)_____. One morning, he noticed an elderly man sitting on a bench in the park, feeding birds. The old man looked so peaceful and content that Tom decided to (2)_____ him. ‘Good morning, sir,’ Tom gree ted with a smile. ‘Good morning, young man,’ the elderly gentleman replied. ‘I see you’re a runner. It’s a good habit to keep fit.’ Tom nodded, appreciating the (3)_____. They started talking about running, life, and the beauty of (4)_____. The old man shared stories of his youth, (5)_____ Tom with wisdom and laughter. Before leaving, the old man said, ‘Remember, son, it’s not just the destination but the journey that (6)_____.’ Tom waved goodbye, feeling inspired by their conversation. He realized that sometimes, the most unexpected (7)_____ can lead to the most profound moments. From then on, Tom made it a point to(8)_____ and appreciate every step of his journey, knowing that there is always something new to learn and someone new to meet. His runs became more than just exercise; they were opportunities for (9)_____. As days passed, Tom visited the park (10)_____, hoping to meet the old man again. Though the old man didn’t reappear, Tom never forgot his words. He continued to greet each day with (11)_____, to meet people with kindness, and to live his life to the fullest. In his heart, Tom knew that this encounter had changed him for the better.”1.A) ahead B) behind C) forward D) backward2.A) interrupt B) approach C) avoid D) ignore3.A) compliment B) advice C) suggestion D) guidance4.A) nature B) city C) town D) countryside5.A) filling B) providing C) giving D) offering6.A) matters B) exists C) happens D) appears7.A) meetings B) destinations C) journeys D) encounters8.A) slow down B) speed up C) give up D) drop out9.A) discovery B) relaxation C) adventure D) exploration10.A) regularly B) rarely C) occasionally D) seldom11.A) excitement B) disappointment C) sadness D) frustration答案1.C) forward2.B) approach3.A) compliment4.A) nature5.A) filling6.A) matters7.D) encounters8.A) slow down9.A) discovery10.A) regularly11.A) excitement以上就是这次的完形填空练习题及答案。
Case Study for Nike
Case Study 1Nike: The Sweatshop DebateTFSU Zhu Mo In recent five years, as a global sport empire, Nike‟s success has been widely discussed and debated on the level of the world. However, Nike‟s affluence has appealed dozens of doubt coming from media and non-profit institutions, which have conducted investigations on its value chain. As an astonishing result, its manufacturing factories in south-east Asia, as reports indicate, are sweatshops where workers slaved away in hazardous conditions for below-subsistence wages.<1> Should Nike be held responsible for working conditions in foreign factories that it does not own, but where subcontractors make products for Nike?As for the question one, I reckon, Nike is definitely responsible for working conditions in foreign factories, even Nike does not own. Globalization, the way I see it, has created all the advantages fo r the terminal “point” or “dot” in the value chain, in which, of this case, the Nike controls and occupies these vital resources. However, its advantage should not be an excuse for lowering the benefit that the manufacturing factories, which are in the end of value chain, deserve to obtain.My second point is, although Nike does not own those foreign factories, there is a certain kind of interrelationship between them, which in this case, the contract. The profits of those factories are solid because of Ni ke‟s proportion for them. If Nike‟s proportion standard made for manufacturing process is low, then those workers in the sweatshop, i.e. whose working conditions, won‟t change due to the unequal status between Nike and its subcontractor. We can do some mat h to see why those workers‟ working conditions cannot improve. There are 25,000 labor forces working in a factory of Saigon, one of “Nike towns”, where women workers work 6 days a week and earn $40 per month. In sum, the labor expense of that factory is $1,000,000 per month, not to mention the other administrative overheads for that factory. Thus, under the pressure from labor forces and its employer, the owner of that factory is pushed to lower and lower the wage standard of labor forces and enhance the working hour to further increase captivity. And again, these are all Nike‟s fault.Thirdly, although Nike‟s headquarter recently claimed that it had conducted audit on those “sweatshops” in Asia, the public is not satisfied with the results. Some individual or institution protest, the censorship is prearranged by the local factories, plus the translator is appointed by these factories, so the result itself will never be trustworthy.The current situation over this is not one-side fault, I mean, Nike didn‟t deliberately lower down the proportion of manufacturing factories as profit, which is reality due to the underdevelopment of those countries.<2> What labor standards regarding safety, working conditions, overtime, and the like, should Nike hold foreign factories to: those prevailing in that country or those prevailing in the United States?There are two such standards regarding the working conditions, safety, overtime:a.PELs: Permissible Exposure Limitsb.OSHA: Occupational Safety & Health ActSince there is no such a functioning standard in Indonesia, Vietnam, Philippines etc., I suppose the formation of these standards should be the responsibility of non-profit international organization, such as ILO. The two standards mentioned previously don‟t work beca use they are formed in U.S, in which the terms are favorable for Nike, not for manufacturers. It is impossible for Asian countries to form these standards, because once it is done, the cost and expense of manufacturers will rise to a higher degree, and Nik e won‟t accept to raise the working standards in the light of losing low labor cost advantage from these countries.<3> In Indonesia, an income of $2.28 a day, the base pay of Nike factory workers, is double the daily income of about half the working population. Half of all adults in Indonesia are farmers, who receive less than $1 a day. Given these national standards, is it appropriate to criticize Nike for the low pay rates of its subcontractors in Indonesia?Here I have to mention the social responsibility of a corporation. In term of international business, the social responsibility of one corporation indicates how to deal with the externality that corporation has incurred. E.g. the Gulf Oil Spill in 2010, the EP was responsible to compensate the loss, environmental, economical, social, and so on. In this case, Nike is not exceptional. In the manufacturing process of shoemaking, the working environment is filled with toxic substance. To plus the low wage rates, Nike has become the major target of public criticism.Nowadays, it is an overwhelming rule that social responsibility overweighs economic benefits. We can find out dozens of cases that corporations collapsed because of losing social credit even though their operations were not wrong. When you have lost public faith, you have to be taken out; this is the iron law of modern world. So it works for Nike. “The corporate executive would be spending someone else's money for a general social interest. Insofar as his actions in accord with his …social responsibility‟ reduce returns to stockholders, he is spending their money. Insofar as his actions raise the price to customers, he is spending the customers' money. Insofar as his actions lower the wages of some employees, he is spending their money.The stockholders or the customers or the employees could separately spend their own money on the particular action if they wished to do so”.Maybe it is understandable to gain the advantage from the trend of globalization when Nike is a new-start corporation. But, now Nike is world-famous corporation. In 2007 its gross profit was 7.16 billion and net profit was 1.49 billion, which means it is possible for Nike to stand some profit-decreasing in order to improve its public image. The viable measure to achieve that is to monitor the working environment by professional organizations and enhance the “profit proportion” of those manufacturing factories. If Nike wants to obtain the public credit, it has to lose some money to get it.<4> Could Nike have handled the negative publicity over sweatshops better? What might it have done differently, not just from a public relations perspective but also from a policy perspective?a.I don‟t appreciate Nike‟s attitude over the negative publicityb.I don‟t think its move on improving the situation is going to workc.I don‟t think Nike is going to institutionalize this improvement.Nevertheless, it is crucial for Nike to make a move on institutionalize the improvement of those manufacturing factories. The public is not tolerant with superficial activities; it requires series of actions that helps to calm the mob down.Apparently, Nike is lack of good will over this, sorry to say.<5> Do you think Nike needs to make any changes to its current policy? If so what? Should Nike make changes even if they hinder the ability of the company to compete in the marketplace?Y es, it is supposed to alter the former policy to an equal, long-term strategic relationship with its subcontractors in Asia. With the establishment of ASEAN, this shift of policy becomes indispensable. If Nike don‟t, the future path will be tougher to go on.<6> Is the WRC right to argue that the FLA is a tool of industry?I‟m not sure whether this is right or not. WRC is spontaneous organized institution. It‟s normal to protest Nike‟s sweatshop problem. As for its words, may be right, I guess.<7> If sweatshops are a global problem, what might be a global solution to this problem?For those Asian countries, I suggest, the government conduct a series of economic reformation to develop themselves, through which they will be able to boost the livelihood of citizens, so as to their wage standard, like China.For corporations like Nike, it is the host country‟s responsibility to constrain the corporation‟s policy, ranging from working conditions, wage standards, welfare, to infrastructure censorship in the manufacturing countries. If corporations cross the line, the host country has the authority to punish them financially and legally. Meanwhile, government is supposed to transparentize the outsource policy and process in the public, which can focus on and monitor their behaviors. Last but not least, the international organization should serve as the third party to audit the outsource process of the corporations.The essential reason of this global problem lies in the underdevelopment of the Asian countries being taken advantage of by the big corporations. E.g. China now is turning its low value-added, high-pollution manufacturing industries into high value-added, environmental-friendly industries such as low-carbon industry, software industry, service industry etc. We are doing so because we are on the stage after the capital accumulation process and the potential controversy on the social level. Thus, we can no longer subject to the end of the value chain globally and corporations are getting retreat from the Chinese manufacturing base due to the rise of the labor cost. I think it is a good example for other Asian countries to follow.That‟s the end of the answered questions. I will additionally comment on the case in a more personal respective in the following pages.The world is in transformation every single second. With the development ofmedia technology, people can get in touch more and more information, so it is impossible for any enterprise to fool the public. This is an alarm for every global enterprise, reminding them of programming strategically. Y ou fail to adapt yourself to what‟s around you, you will be eliminated relentlessly.This time, Nike has been lagged behind. After the exposure of “sweatshop” scandal, facing interrogation from the public, Nike‟s r esponse and reason are: Asian workers who primarily focus on the opportunities rather than working conditions will not react; American customers merely care about the shoes they have got are cheap or not. Now the Americans are not on the Nike‟s side, and N ike‟s sales volume dropped in the following three months, and labor union intended to order Nike to shut down its manufacturing factories in Asian.Undoubtedly, outsourcing once became one of the key profitability for Nike. However, this cannot be built upon the miserable pay-out by workers in the sweatshops. The consequences will be catastrophic, in economy, politics, and society, or even in diplomacy. E.g. Media can utilize this piece of news to directly criticize U.S as violating the human rights. Aside from the question of fact–I share Adam Smith's skepticism about the benefits that can be expected from "those who affected to trade for the public good"–this argument must be rejected on grounds of principle. What it amounts to is an assertion that those who favor the taxes and expenditures in question have failed to persuade a majority of their fellow citizens to be of like mind and that they are seeking to attain by undemocratic procedures what they cannot attain by democratic procedures. In a free society, it is hard for "evil" people to do "evil," especially since one man's good is another's evil.Obviously, Nike failed to manage its reputation. Corporate reputation is “the concept or deduction inserted in the customer‟s consciousness based on what they have seen, listened, read, and then disseminated by them in a colloquial way.”As a matter of fact, here is an excellent example setting up by McDonald. Getting rid of its previous public “irresponsible image”, Nike can also monitor everything happened in the oversea factories. The scenario is: to export standardization to its subcontractors, like McDonald did.Firstly we shall distinguish that there is a certain tiny difference between outsourcing and franchise. McDonald‟s method is to license its subcon tractors to operate, providing formulas of fast-food-making, managerial approaches, or even machineries. Therefore, McDonald oversea restaurants are as same as they are in domestic market. Moreover, McDonald has its own logistic chain in the oversea market, which means its raw material procurement has been wiped out. So the safety of the fast food is therefore guaranteed. Because of the universal standardization McDonald has adopted, there are few less problems that may block the expansion of McDonald. In m y opinion, the standardization‟s value lies in the once-and-for-all output: the idea of management. If something went wrong, its headquarter will react in the shortest time and receive the maximum effect, because the restaurant are all the same domestically and internationally.Nike shall take the example of McDonald as reference. Of course it is necessary to make some adaptations because it is impossible for Nike to export the wholeprocess of manufacturing. However, exporting the mechanism of monitoring and managerial approaches is feasible.How to make it step by step? The first move is to rise up the criteria when conducting international bid. Those factories that under the specified capability is casted out. This move is to make sure of the scale of economy, in order to require the subcontractors to deal with the working conditions, because small factories are unable to care about wages or working conditions. Second, additional terms can be appended into the contracts. If the subcontractors wouldn‟t perform the terms which requires improving infrastructure, then Nike could lodge penalties. Thirdly, Nike is responsible to audit and monitor those manufacturing factories periodically, and publicize the report with fair items, approved by auditing firms.The other major movement is to distribute manufacturing management in the Nike community. Previously, Nike is the commander, asking for others to produce the shoes, not sharing the ideas of how to streamline the production technology, control the costs, select the raw material, and the working place of manufacturing. Enterprise such as Nike, in the upper position, has the right to rule on these issues. Furthermore, it is optimal to let it be the universal criterion globally. Maybe the initial inputs of such practices are extremely high, but the long-term benefit is self-explanatory, which means, all the negative effects that will jeopardize Nike‟s survival are going to diminish.Those solutions I have adequately put previously are the long-term program that requires Nike, subcontract factories, bilateral government and other institutions working together to settle. Besides, there are some more measures which focus on short-run strategies.To be precautious, in case that Nike is not going to make any improvement, there is another way to improve the working status and compensation of shoe workers. Actually the home country of Nike, the United States, has declared that import punishment will exert upon merchandises coming from sweatshops. This move is to exert pressure on governments of Asian countries, urging them to regulate and manage small manufacturers (The major force that push this reformation is supposed to be government one of whose responsibilities is to govern domestic market order, not managers of small manufacturers, who are ignoring the benefits of workers). If government were unwilling to do so, the American government could form a policy that permanently terminates the contract between Nike and its subcontractors. Under the stress of American government, those Asian countries will be forced to improve the situation of domestic manufacturing industry. Then the structure of the whole industry will be totally changed: small manufacturers are about to be either casted out or merged into a new corporation or union, regulated directly by government administratively, whereas the operational power is still in the hand of managers, who is elected on the standard of joint-stock corporation. In this sense, the subcontractors are integrated into one big union, free of the disadvantage of which blind competition takes place and then be taken advantage of by Nike. The union after integration is more capable of bargaining with Nike for the sake of its economic scale. Backed up by government, the manufacturers are more of strength and power.Facing the heavily rendered disclosure of sweatshop, Nike was too slow to response. Strategically, Nike should have foreseen the trend of cancelling the sweatshops some day. What I intend to say is that N ike should have formed a long-term plan on where to go after the “dry-up” of gaining profit from this primitive, barbaric exploiting of outsourcing. At once Nike‟s headquarter had rightly self-positioned as a designing corporation, now it is not so tough for Nike to develop a path, free of accusation.Once the union has been formulated, it can enjoy the benefit of economies of scale. With this advantage, Nike can introduce the new mechanism of production, manufacturing management, corporate management and so forth. There is a deniable fact that the miserable circumstances of factory workers is the result of low output, so the streamlined management will directly contribute to the rise of workers‟ wage. Plus the standard operating procedures will largely reduce the occurrence of bad working conditions. The ultimate goal of a series of development is to facilitate Nike and the subcontractors: for subcontractors, the benefits are various and obvious—not only have unleash the labor forces, but also extremely increase the production and revenue on the long run; For Nike, not only will get rid of accusations from every level of society, but also gain the economic advantages. Therefore, it‟s a win-win model.To draw a conclusion, I want to refer some theories from game theory. The game theory states that the best result will come from everyone in the group doing what‟s best for himself and the group. In traditional competition, there must be a loser. However, if we all back off a little bit and enlarge the scale of business by admitting someone else into the business, every “unit”will gain more from the original “zero-sum game”. In this case, Nike‟s action will not jeopardize the subcontractors‟survival, but also put itself to the edge of destruction. The only way that could do favor for Nike is to “let it go”, I mean, not letting it all go. The workers are human-beings, who are born to enjoy the basic rights, like a human. Nike has to transform its perception on how to treat its subcontractors, and give some room for its oversea partners. It is the only way to develop in a healthy, long-term and sustained model.References:1.International Business by Charles W. L. Hill2.《企业社会责任案例之耐克公司》by 霍庆川3.The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits by MiltonFriedman4.Logistic English by Zhuo Hao & Jiayong Gao5.Managerial English by Jiayong Gao6.MSN—Money: Financial Report of Nike Inc (NYSE:NKE)/investor/invsub/results/statemnt.aspx?Symbol=NKE7.Study on Marketing Strategy of McDonald’s by unknown author8.《耐克“血汗”风波，凸显声誉管理价值》by unknown author9.International Marketing by Philip R. Cateora。
惠州市2024-25届高三年级第一次调研考试(英语)
惠州市2024-25届高三年级第一次调研考试英语一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。
ASummer is finally in the air, but that doesn't mean you can't still stay in and have a great movie night. Whether you're looking for something deep and thought-provoking or light for the whole family, there are many incredible films on Netflix.The Matrix(1999)IMDb (Internet Movie Database):8.7/10| Runtime:136 minutesThe Matrix is a science fiction film that stars Keanu Reeves as a hacker who discovers the world he lives in is an illusion crafted by malevolent Artificial Intelligence. The movie presents the very best in technical filmmaking, winning four Oscars. With thrilling action and a complex story, it's a must-see. American Symphony(2023)IMDb:7.9/10 Runtime:104 minutesEven if you just watch the trailer for American Symphony, you will be in tears. The documentary(纪录片) tells the story of Grammy winner Jon Batiste and his wife, Suleika Jaouad. It's a beautiful tale of love and resilience, with Variety Magazine calling it “one of the best love stories seen on film.”Nyad (2023)IMDb:7.1/10|Runtime:12lminutesAs expected from most sports dramas and biopics, Nyad shares a story of perseverance, the triumphs of determination, and a message of hope. It engages the audience with its solid foundation while entertaining through grounded drama based on reality instead of relying on cheap cliches(陈词滥调). Society of the Snow(2023)IMDb: 7.7/10 | Runtime:144 minutesIn 1972, a Uruguayan flight crashed on the way to Chile, and the survivors of the wreck had to work together to survive in the treacherously cold weather. This real-life event is the subject of Society of the Snow. With a budget of 60 million euros, the film is the most expensive Spanish film ever made.21．For those who value online scoring, which film would be their top choice?A．The Matrix. B．American Symphony.C．Nyad. D．Society of the Snow.22．What do the last three films have in common?A．They are high-budget films.B．They are based on true stories.C．They have the duration within two hours.D．They have been successful at the box office.23．Who is the text intended for?A．Film critics. B．Film makers. C．Movie-goers. D．Cinema staff.BI used to want to be a zookeeper, but after becoming a wildlife rescue worker, I found that this work is even more valuable than I thought. Not only can I help injured wild animals, but I can also facilitate their return to the wild. We make every effort to accomplish this goal: hiding food under rocks and fallen leaves to simulate (模拟) a natural environment, or doing our best to maintain some distance from the animals and prevent them from bonding with humans.I am often asked whether I feel at all sad when it's time to release the animals - to tell you the truth, I'm always pretty willing to let them go. All of my efforts have been toward allowing them to return to the wild, and the wild is where they belong, so there's no reason for reluctance on my part. But it is true that sometimes there is no way for an animal to go back to the wild, or to keep it from bonding with humans.Last year, I rescued a light-vented bulbul (白头鹎). The bird, initially lacking feathers, recovered under our care. It was scheduled for release during its adolescent period, during which it's relatively easy to socialize. But an injury to its flight feathers delayed its return to the wild. The bird imprinted on humans during the following two months, which was a critical cognitive (认知的) development period, leading it to return to us after being released.When we engage in wildlife rescue, we have to teach animals how to maintain a high degree of caution around humans. If they become too trusting of humans, it is very likely that they will be harmed, and then our release attempt will have failed. But to look at things another way, our success depends not on the animals, or on our work here, but more so on the attitude that humanity has toward wild animals. If humans are trustworthy, then wild animals’ trust in humans would not be a bad thing, and our release attempt could then be successful.24．What do we know about the author's iob?A．It was his initial career choice.B．It forbids close interaction with animals.C．It mainly aims to cure the injured animals.D．It involves both rescue and release efforts.25．Which of the following best describes the author’s feeling to release the rescued animals?A．Ambitious. B．Cheerful. C．Sorrowful. D．Anxious. 26．Which is closest in meaning to “imprinted on” in paragraph 3?A．Was attached to B．Was aware of.C．Was sensitive to. D．Was cautious of.27．What is the key to the success of wildlife rescue work?A．Animals’ faith in humans.B．Human’s knowledge in the work.C．Human’s attitude towards animals.D．Animals’ ability to survive in the wild.CRena, 18 months, is a baby worker at a Japanese nursing home, hired to brighten the days of residents whose own grandchildren may rarely visit, The infants’ (婴儿) presence is meant to ease the loneliness that can come with growing older, especially in the rapidly ageing nation where a third of the population is over 65.The nursing home’s director, Kimie Gondo, came up with the idea of baby workers three years ago when her own newborn granddaughter was visiting and she saw how happy it made the residents. The nursing home now has about 70 baby workers strolling around the nursing home with their parents, mostly mothers.Rena and her colleagues are paid in diapers(纸尿裤) and ice cream. But those are not the only rewards. “Here she gets to interact with kids her age and also with grandfathers and grandmothers who are a bit more difficult to come across,”said Shinohara, Rena’s mother, who called the nursing home reside nts “great life teachers”Rena and her small colleagues work flexible hours but they don’t have long in the business— having to retire before the age of three. A key requirement for the toddlers is that they should speak as little as possible. That’s beca use older people can struggle to speak and communicate, especially if they have cognitive impairment(认知障碍). “In order to communicate on the same level, words are unnecessary,” she added.For nursing home residents, Gondo said, the visits from toddlers provide the common experience of family members from multiple generations living under the same roof. “Ev en if they enter a facility like this, they should be able to interact with people from various age groups on a daily basis,” she said. “I think that’s only natural.”28．Why does Kimie Gondo carry out her idea in the nursing home?A．To provide jobs for mothersB．To prevent the elderly from ageing.C．To amuse grandchildren during visits.D．To promote the well-being of the residents.29．What’s the extra benefit for the baby workers according to Shinohara?A．Tasty snacks. B．Parent-kid relationshipC．Daily essentials. D．Interpersonal experience.30．Why is there a restriction on retiring age of baby workers?A．Words might lessen the effect.B．Flexible hours could be guaranteed.C．Cognitive Impairment could be avoided.D．Over-aged workers have low language levels.31．Which can be the best title of this passage?A．Babies helping remove cognitive barriersB．Babies replacing caregivers in nursing homesC．Baby workers tackling loneliness of the elderlyD．Baby workers running a Japanese nursing homeDChildren exposed to videos by caregivers for their calming or “babysitting” benefits tended to use phrases and sentences with fewer words. A new study from Southern Methodist University psychologist Sarah Kucker and colleagues reveals that passive video use among children can negatively affect language development, but their caregiver’s motivations for exposing them to digital media could also lessen the impact.Published in the journal Acta Paediatrica, the study involved 302 caregivers of children between 17 and 30 months. Caregivers answered questions about their child’s words, sentences, and how much time they spend on different media activities each day. Those activities included video/TV, video games, video chat, and e-books, with caregivers explaining why they use each activity with their child. Print book reading was also compared.Researchers looked at the amount of media use and the reasons provided by caregivers for their children’s media use. These factors were then compared to the children’s vocabulary and length using two or more words together.The research reveals a negative association between high levels of digital media watching and children’s vocabulary development. However, the negative impact on language skills was lessene d when videos were used for educational purposes or to foster social connections — such as through video chats with family members.Kucker acknowledges that parents often use digital media to occupy children while they complete tasks. She suggests that caregivers need to consider what kind of videos and how much their children are watching, and whether they can interact with them during this period.Future research by Kucker and her colleagues will continue to explore the types of videos young children watch, how they use screens with others, and how that impacts language development. 32．What is the potential impact of being exposed to videos by caregivers on children?A．It enhances their vocabulary development.B．It has no significant effect on their language skills.C．It leads to the use of shorter phrases and sentences.D．It encourages them to read print books more often.33．What do paragraph 2 and 3 tell us about the study?A．Its research process. B．Its theoretical basis.C．Its underlying logic. D．Its scientific evidence.34．Under what circumstance can the negative impact be lessened?A．When children focus on tasks.B．When children get involved in the content.C．When videos serve as entertainment.D．When videos aid learning and bond building.35．What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A．To point out the significance of the study.B．To bring out the focus of follow-up studies.C．To present the practical application of the findings.D．To discuss other affecting factors of babies’ growth.二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。
屠呦呦英文介绍
• Tu started her malaria research in China when the Cultural Revolution was in progress. In early 1969, Tu was appointed as the head of the project, named Project 523 research group at her institute. She and her colleagues experimented with 380 extracts in 2,000 candidate recipes before they finally succeeded.
• Effective combination of TCM and WM. There are enormous treasure in TCM, so it can play a more important role in modern medicine. In addition, a simple application of Western medical standards to TCM won't work, Chinese medicine development needs more open inclusive of Chinese and Western to make breakthroughs.
• Improving the innovation mechanism. China should focus on cultivating good academic research environment and scientific research mechanism to encourage more scientists. China spends more than 1 billion yuan ($156 million) annually on TCM-related research, and that investment should be further strengthened.
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NJ-262408.756/001117NbgeoHR1
1
COKE IN JAPAN
Performance/background
Sales $ Billions
Other
Tension with local staff (almost 10% of Japan office is foreigners)
Decision making and responsibilities
Culture, values and style
Coordination mechanisms
2
CONTENTS
• Company overview • Japan market entry strategy • Products • Capabilities • Organization
NJ-262408.756/001117NbgeoHR1
3
COKE – COMPANY BACKGROUND
in Japan by 500 manufacturers • Vending machines account for >50% of soft drink sales
Company information
• Coke is the market leader in Japan
• Japan is a very profitable market for Coke (potentially the most profitable)
Bottlers alliances smoothed market entry and continuing operations for Coke in Japan
Distribution and sales channels
Marketing
Alliances and acquisitions
FINGERPRINT – COKE
High
Low
Product Product and category selection
Rating
Rationale Offers many localized brands, including brands in new categories (75% of sales)
18.0
15 14.0
14
23
19.8 18.9
14 15
22
25Βιβλιοθήκη CAGR9%Middle
21
Far East
29
23
Europe
32
33
North America
33 1993
29 1995
34 1997
38 1999
Market information • Market is very competitive – more than 7,000 soft drinks are sold
Competitors: Kirin, Ito En, Suntory
CST DCS • Eric Friberg*, Todd Guild*, Mark Loch, Hirokazu Yamanachi*
* Has worked on Japan studies NJ-262408.756/001117NbgeoHR1
Research and development Market relations
Effectively develops copies of most popular local brands (e.g., coffees and teas); has had to develop new skills in developing non-carbonated beverages
Levers for success
Capabilities • Localizes physical assets; bottling and distribution managed through
alliances; bottling alliances are typically inclusive – 17 bottlers in Japan – Creates direct distribution system to stores through bottlers • Offers marketing, manufacturing, and investment support to partners, when needed • Has supply alliances with McDonalds • Spends huge resources on influencer relationships • Partners with local agencies for marketing capabilities (e.g., Dentsu) • Customer pull demand in product push Japan – Uses segment marketing to understand customer behavior Organization • Strong community feel to Coke – Holds conventions for bottlers – Distributes bottlers magazine • Compensation is competitive – attracts graduates from top schools • Almost 10% of Japan office is foreigners – some degree of tension with local staff; still has “ugly American” syndrome; senior Japanese experience glass ceiling • Japan seen as strong progression path – CEO used to head Japan Product • Adapts products to local markets – Almost 10% of revenue comes from Japan-specific products – Brands include Georgia Coffee, Sokenbicha, and Aquarius – Bottlers guided Coke into developing localized products • “Fast follower” strategy – quickly followed lead of smaller local players to enter tea and coffee drinks • Coke maintains full control over product content • Launches new types of products in Japan (e.g., canned soup drink)
• Maintains >900,000 vending machines, 2x the number of competitors
Products • Coffee drinks, green tea, black tea, milk/yogurt drink • Coke offers 5 brands with 60 flavors; 75% of brands are Japanese
Frequently allies with bottlers, restaurants and marketing agencies (e.g., supply alliance with McDonald’s, partnership with Denisu)
Japan region made priority and strongest talent was deployed there (e.g., current CEO used to head Japan, current chief of marketing used to head marketing for Japan)
– No. 1 soft drink company globally – 50% global market share – Owns two of top three global brands (No. 1 Coca-Cola classic, No. 3 Diet Coke) – Market leader in soft drinks in Japan
Products optimized for Japan market
Capabilities Resources
Changes formulations for local tests (e.g., Fanta Golden Pineapple) Significant resources and attention dedicated to most profitable market
• Founded 1886 in Atlanta, USA • Number of global employees: 37, 400 • CEO: Douglas N. Daft (Australian) • Most senior manager for Japan: Mary Minic (President, Japan) • Key products: carbonated and sports drinks, juices, tea, coffee • Market cap: $151 billion (as of November 13, 2000) • Key industry focus: beverages