English-Chinese Legal Translation (I)
2021年11月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译模拟试题及答案(2)
2021年11月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译模拟试题及答案Section 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.The Republic of Ireland is a sovereign state in Western Europe, occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country’s 4.6 million inhabitants. The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic with an elected president serving as head of state. The head of government is nominated by the lower house of parliament.Following the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty, Ireland gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1922. Initially a dominion, Ireland received official British recognition of full legislative independence in the Statute of Westminster of 1931. A new constitution was adopted in 1937, by which the name of the state became “Ireland.” In 1949, Ireland was declared a republic under the Republic of Ireland act 1948.Ireland ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita. In 1973, Ireland enacted a series of liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic growth, coupled with a dramatic rise in inequality. The country achieved considerable prosperity from 2021 to 2021. This was halted by an unprecedented financial crisis that began in 2021, in conjunction with the concurrent global economic crash.In 2021 and 2021 Ireland was ranked as the seventh-most developed country in the world by the United Nations Human Development Index. It also performs well in several metrics of national performance, including freedom of the press, economic freedom and civil liberties. It pursues a policy of neutrality through non-alignment.The population of Ireland stood at 4,588,252 in 2021, an increase of 8.2 percent since 2021. As of 2021, Ireland had the highest birth rate in the European Union (16 births per 1,000 of population). In 2021, 35.1 percent of births were to unmarried women. Annual population growth rates exceeded 2 percent during the 2021-2021 period, which was attributed to high rates of natural increase and immigration. This rate declined somewhat during the subsequent 2021-2021 period, with an average growth rate of 1.6 percent.Ireland ranks fifth in the world in terms of gender equality. In 2021, Ireland was ranked the most charitable country in Europe, and second most charitable in the world. Contraception was controlled in Ireland until 1979, however, the receding influence of the Catholic Church has led to an increasingly secularized society . In 1983,the Eighth Amendment recognized “the right to life of the unborn”, subject to qualifications concerning the “equal right to life” of the mother. The pass age of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments guarantees the right to have an abortion performed abroad, and the right to learn about “services” that are illegal in Ireland, but legal abroad. The prohibition on divorce in the 1937 Constitution was repealed in 2021 under the Fifteenth Amendment. Divorce rates in Ireland are very low compared to European Union averages while the marriage rate in Ireland is slightly above the European Union average.Capital punishment is constitutionally banned in Ireland, while discrimination based on age, gender, sexual orientation, marital or familial status, religion and race is illegal.Ireland became the first country in the world to introduce an environmental levy for plastic shopping bags in 2021 and a public smoking ban in 2021. Recycling in Ireland is carried out extensively and Ireland has the second highest rate of packaging recycling in the European Union.参考译文:爱尔兰共和国是西欧的一个主权国家，其国土面积为爱尔兰岛的六分之五。
英汉翻译之增词法
一心从政而最终把握大权，这是一个永恒的话题。然而，克林顿的平步青云则明显地带有当时那个时代的印记。
Warming up Activity
Reflection: How did you translate the italicized parts in the previous sentences? What did you need to do to make your translation convey the original meaning and meanwhile read smoothly? What technique did you use in translating them? Why is it sometimes necessary for a translator to add some words when translating?
202X
单击此处添加副标题
Amplification 增词法
汇报日期
Warming-up Activity Read the passage “Two Bills” and discuss in groups how to translate the underlined sentences.
克林顿总统以自己惯用的热烈的待人接物方式对待盖茨，满脸魅力、笑容可掬。因为两人都新近丧母，所以他满以为能在两人之间找到共同语言。
克林顿则听任司法部对微软公司提出反垄断诉讼—这对微软公司可能会是一场毁灭性的打击。
Warming up Activity
the two Bills are as different as the two ends of the baby-boom generation they represent Gates, who came of age in the 1970s, has a Watergate-year detachment from politics, a mind-set more me-generation than “love-in”.
论英译汉中行为动词的使用
分类号学校代码１０５４２密级学号２ＱＱ皇垦Ｑ璺丝鲤鱼论英译汉中行为动词的使用ＯｎｔｈｅＵｓｅｏｆＡｃｔｉｏｎＶｅｒｂｓｉｎＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ—－ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＴｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ指导教师姓名、职称董拯塞塾撞湖南师范大学学位评定委员会办公室二０一一年五月ＯｎｔｈｅＵｓｅｏｆＡｃｔｉｏｎＶｅｒｂｓｉｎＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ－·ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＴｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎＡＴｈｅｓｉｓＳｕｂｍｉｔｔｅｄｔｏＦｏｒｅｉｇｎＳｔｕｄｉｅｓＣｏｌｌｅｇｅＯｆＨｕｎａｎＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙＩｎＰａｒｔｉａｌＦｕｌｆｉｌｌｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＲｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓＦｏｒＴｈｅＤｅｇｒｅｅｏｆＭａｓｔｅｒｏｆＴｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＩｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅＳｕｂｊｅｃｔｏｆＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ—ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＴｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎＢｙＨｕＫｏｎｇｌｉＵｎｄｅｒｔｈｅＳｕｐｅｒｖｉｓｉｏｎｏｆＰｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒＨｕａｎｇＺｈｅｎｄｉｎｇＨｕｎａｎＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙＣｈａｎｇｓｈａ，ＨｕｎａｎＭａｙ，２０１１Ⅲ４㈣８川３叶●㈣９…洲Ｙ摘要从英汉两种语言表达特征的对比分析中，可以看出英语多用名词和介词，呈静态特征；而汉语有动和具体的特点，呈动态特征，而且更明显的体现在行为动词的频繁应用。
本文在实例对比阐明分析这一差异后，给出了汉语行为动词分类，并认为我们在英译汉的过程中，应当适当将一些名词或介词转换为动词，而且更多时候应选择使用行为动词，从而使译文顺畅自然，符合汉语表达习惯，并弥合英汉语言之间的差异。
关键词：英译汉；静态；动态；行为动词ＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔＴｈｅｃｏｎｔｒａｓｔｉｖｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆＥｎｇｌｉｓｈａｎｄＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｓｌｅａｄｓＵＳｔｏｔｈｅｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅｔｈａｔｔｈｅｆｏｒｍｅｒｔｅｎｄｓｔｏａｓｓｕｍｅｓｔａｔｉｃｂｙｍａｋｉｎｇｆｕｌｌｕｓｅｏｆｎｏｕｎｓａｎｄｐｒｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓ，ｗｈｉｌｅｔｈｅｌａｔｔｅｒａｐｐｅａｒｓｄｙｎａｍｉｃｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄｃｏｎｃｒｅｔｅ，ｗｈｉｃｈｃａｎｂｅａｐｐａｒｅｎｔｌｙｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｔｕｓｅｏｆａｃｔｉｏｎｖｅｒｂｓ．Ｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｅｘｐｌｉｃｉｔｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ，ｔｈｉｓａｒｔｉｃｌｅｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｓｔｏｌｉｓｔｔｈｅｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆａｃｔｉｏｎｖｅｒｂｓｉｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ，ａｎｄｔｈｅｎｐｏｉｎｔｓｏｕｔｔｈａｔ，ｗｈｅｎｄｏｉｎｇｔｈｅＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ－Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ，ｗｅａｒｅｓｕｐｐｏｓｅｄｔｏｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒｔｈｅｎｏｕｎｓｏｒｐｒｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｔｏｖｅｒｂｓ，ｍｏｓｔｌｙｔｈｅａｃｔｉｏｎｖｅｒｂｓ，ｆｏｒｔｈｅｓｍｏｏｔｈｎｅｓｓｏｆｔｈｅｔａｒｇｅｔｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ，ａｎｄａｌｓｏｔｏｂｒｉｄｇｅｔｈｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｉｎｋｉｎｇｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｔｗｏｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｓ．Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ－Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ；ｓｔａｔｉｃ；ｄｙｎａｍｉｃ；ａｃｔｉｏｎｖｅｒｂｓ目录摘要………………………………………………………………………．ＩＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．…．．．．．．．．．．．…．．．．．．．．．．．．……．．．．．…．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．ＩＩＩ引言……………………………………………………………………１弓ｌ舌…………………………………………………………………………………………．．１１．英汉篇章中行为动词使用频率的实例统计与分析………………．．３１．１英语篇章中行为动词使用频率的实例统计…………………．．３１．２汉语篇章中行为动词使用频率的实例统计…………………．．４１．３英汉篇章中行为动词使用频率差异的原因分析……………．．５２．汉语中行为动词的分类及作用………………………………………７２．１时间型行为方式…………………………………………………７２．２数量型行为方式…………………………………………………７２．３结果型行为方式…………………………………………………．８２．４可能型行为方式…………………………………………………．８３．翻译对策与实例……………………………………………………．１１３．１英语名词转化成汉语动词……………………………………．ｎ３．２英语介词转化成汉语动词……………………………………．１２３．３英语形副词转化成汉语动词…………………………………．１３结论…………………………………………………………………………………………１５参考文献…………………………………………………………………．１７附录……………………………………………………………………ｌ９致谢…………………………………………………………………………………………６９湖南师范大学学位论文原创性声明……………．．错误！未定义书签。
法律英语词汇解释
法律英语词语用法区别英语中原本没有所谓法律英语，但由于有关法律方面的英语有其特殊的用法和规律，慢慢地就像科技英语、商业英语等一样，自成一门学科。
法律英语不同于“法言法语”(legal terms)，而是跨越英语与法律之间的边缘学科，所以有人将法律英语译为English for the prdession。
许多地区，比如上海等地，还为此成立专门的培训机构。
由于英汉语言习惯的不同，加上长期以来约定俗成的用法的影响，法律英语中常常出现一些容易混淆或错用的词语，在中英互译中常会发生一些有趣的语言现象。
本文就是想以比较轻松的漫谈方式，与读者作一些共同探讨，以引起广大读者对法律英语的兴趣。
China, China's 和Chinese作定语时大有区别这三个词都可以作定语用，译成“中国的”，但其含义却有很大区别。
如China law firms是指“在中国的律师事务所”，未必是中国人开的，它应包括获准在中国设立的“外国律师事务所”(foreign law firms)。
若指中国律师开的律师事务所，应用Chinese law firms。
在法律文书中，这很有讲究。
在WTO法律文件中，如“中国经济的特性”(the special characteristic of China's economy)；“中国的关税配额制度”(China's TRO system)；“中国的具体承诺减让表”((China's Schedule of Specific Commitments)；“中国专利法”(China's Patent Law)等用语中，几乎都用China's而不用Chinese。
但着重“中国人的”意义时，应该用Chinese。
如“中方”(Chinese side)；“中国人”(Chinese nationals)；“中国政府”(Chinese government)；“中国执业律师”(Chinese national regis-tered lawyers)。
法律术语的英汉翻译
法律术语的英汉翻译张恩华摘要：在法律术语英汉翻译这个翻译领域中的难题中，译者通常会面临两大挑战：一是法律翻译要求语言功能上的对等和法律功能的对等；二是法律术语英汉翻译中经常没有确切对等词，而是出现了接近对等、部分对等或完全不对等等情况。
本文探讨了这些不完全对等的现象，并提出了相应的翻译方法：使用功能对等词、扩充词义、释义、使用非法律专业用语的中性词、借译或创造新词等。
Abstract: In the field of English—Chinese translation of legal terminology, translators are often faced with two major challenges: Firstly, legal translation requires equivalence both in linguistic functions and in legal functions. Secondly, no exact equivalence but near equivalence, partial equivalence and non-equivalence can be found in English-Chinese translation of legal terminology. This article aims to explore the absence of exact equivalence and some ways to deal with it, such as the use of functional equivalent, lexical expansion，paraphrase，neutral term，borrowing and neologism.关键词：法律翻译；法律术语；不完全对等；确切对等词；Key words：legal translation；legal terminology；non-equivalence；exact equivalent术语翻译是翻译特定目的文本的译者经常面对的一个障碍。
法律词汇汉英互译
法律词汇汉英互译
在进行国际贸易和国际法律交流时，常常需要
进行汉英语言的互译。
找到正确的翻译，可以避
免交流中出现的误解和问题，是非常重要的事情。
本文汇总了一些常见的法律词汇，以方便您进行
汉英互译。
法律本身相关的词汇
English to Chinese (英语 - 中文)
•attorney: 律师
•court: 法庭
•judge: 法官
•lawsuit: 诉讼
•litigation: 诉讼
Chinese to English (中文 - 英语)
•律师: lawyer
•法庭: court
•法官: judge
•诉讼: lawsuit
•诉讼: litigation
合同相关的词汇
English to Chinese (英语 - 中文)•contract: 合同
•agreement: 协议
•breach of contract: 违约•terms and conditions: 条款和条件•termination: 终止
Chinese to English (中文 - 英语)•合同: contract
•协议: agreement。
2024年英语汉译英
2024年英语汉译英In 2024, English to Chinese Translation。
In 2024, English to Chinese translation continues to play a crucial role in bridging the communication gap between English-speaking countries and Chinese-speaking countries. With the increasing globalization of businesses and the growing popularity of English as a global language, the demand for high-quality English to Chinese translation has never been higher.One of the key challenges in English to Chinese translation is the fundamental differences between the two languages. English and Chinese belong to different language families and have distinct grammar, syntax, and cultural nuances. Therefore, a successful English to Chinese translation requires not only linguistic proficiency but also a deep understanding of the cultural context and social norms of both languages.In recent years, machine translation has made significant advancements in the field of English to Chinese translation. The development of artificial intelligence and neural machine translation has greatly improved the accuracy and efficiency of automated translation tools. However, machine translation still lags behind human translation in terms of capturing the subtleties of language and cultural nuances. As a result, professional human translators remain indispensable in delivering high-quality English to Chinese translation services.The demand for English to Chinese translation spans across various industries, including but not limited to, business, finance, legal, medical, and technical fields. Companies and organizations rely on accurate and culturally sensitive translation to reach Chinese-speaking audiences and expand their global presence. In the legal and medical fields, precise translation is crucial for ensuring compliance with regulations and providing accurate information to non-English speaking individuals.In addition to traditional text translation, the demand for English to Chinese audiovisual translation has also been on the rise. With the increasing popularity of videocontent, there is a growing need for subtitling, voice-over, and dubbing services to make English-language audiovisual content accessible to Chinese-speaking audiences. This requires not only linguistic expertise but also technical skills and an understanding of visual and auditory elements.As the demand for high-quality English to Chinese translation continues to grow, the role of professional translators and translation agencies becomes increasingly important. Professional translators possess the linguistic proficiency, cultural understanding, and subject matter expertise to deliver accurate and culturally sensitive translations. Translation agencies play a vital role in connecting businesses and organizations with qualified translators who can meet their specific translation needs.In conclusion, English to Chinese translation remains a critical component in facilitating cross-cultural communication and global business expansion. With the advancement of technology and the increasing demand for accurate and culturally sensitive translation, the role of professional human translators and translation agencies will continue to be essential in delivering high-quality English to Chinese translation services.。
中国法律体系用语翻译(汉英对照)
中国法律体系用语翻译（汉英对照）中国特色社会主义法律体系the socialist system of laws with Chinese Characteristics依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家govern the country by law and build a socialist country under the rule of law刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedure Law民事诉讼法Civil Procedure Law行政诉讼法Administrative Procedure Law民法通则General Principles of the Civil Law暂行条例interim Regulations民族区域自治法Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy香港特别行政区基本法Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region劳动法Labor Law专利法Patent Law商标法Trademark Law著作权集体管理条例Regulations on the Collective Administration of Copyright计算机软件保护条例Regulations on the Protection of Computer Software信息网络传播权保护条例Regulations on the Protection of the Right to Network Dissemination of Information知识产权海关保护条例Regulations on the Customs Protection of Intellectual Property Right经济合同法Economic Contract Law环境保护法Environmental Protection Law水污染防治法Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution大气污染防治法Law on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution 固体废物污染环境防治法Law on the Prevention and Control of Pollution by Solid Waste矿产资源法Mineral Resource Law环境影响评价法Law on Environment Impact Assessment义务教育法Compulsory Education Law高等教育法Higher Education Law职业教育法Vocational Education Law文物保护法Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics消费者权益保护法L aw on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests 继承法Succession Law产品质量法Product Quality Law反不正当竞争法Anti-Unfair Competition Law海商法Maritime Code票据法Negotiable Instruments Law城市房地产管理法Law on Urban Real Estate Administration对外贸易法Foreign Trade Law中外盒子经营企业法Law on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures中外合作经营企业法Law on Chinese-Foreign Cooperation Joint Ventures 外资企业法Law on Foreign-funded Enterprises个人独资企业法Law on Individual Proprietorship Enterprises农村土地承包法Law on the Contracting of Rural Land政府采购法Government Procurement Law行政处罚法Law on Administrative Penalty行政复议法Administrative Reconsideration Law国家赔偿法Law on National Compensation物权法Property Law侵权责任法Tort Law人民调解法People’s Mediation Law劳动争议仲裁法Law on Labor Dispute Mediation and Arbitration食品安全法Food Safety Law。
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Chapter I Features of the Legal Languages
1.1 The Importance of Language in Legal Activity
Words are the principal tools of lawyers and judges, whether we like it or not. They are to us what the scalpel外科手术 外科手术 解剖刀and insulin胰岛素 胰岛素are to the 刀，解剖刀 胰岛素 doctors.
Multi-Semantic Term（多义术语）
Where a work is made on the commission of a person and there is an agreement between the author and the commissioner of the work which expressly provides for the entitlement to the copyright.
1.2 The Features of Legal Words
Two Specific Features: Exact & concise For example: legalese （深奥的法律用语） 深奥的法律用语） IAFL（国际法律语言学家学会） （国际法律语言学家学会） International Association of Forensic Linguistics
Multi-Semantic Term（多义术语）
The Court may discharge the person committed and may give such directions for dealing with the thing taken by the commissioners as it thinks fit. commissioner: 委员、高级公务员（一般语 委员、高级公务员（ ）；暂时扣押人 该法律语境） 暂时扣押人（ 境）；暂时扣押人（该法律语境）
1.2.1 The Features in Word Meaning
The basic classification of the legal words: Mono-semantic term; Multi-semantic term;
Mono-Semantic Term（单义术语） （单义术语）
1.1 The Importance of Language in Legal Activity
The law, together with the legal system, is but a sheer form of language, from which the world of law is created, and with which the law is made and published. (Hume) 法与法律制度是一种纯粹的语言形式， 法与法律制度是一种纯粹的语言形式，法的 世界肇始于语言， 世界肇始于语言，法律是通过语言订立和公 布的。 布的。
Байду номын сангаас
Multi-Semantic Term（多义术语）
“Affidavit for the Commissioner” means an affidavit in such form as may be prescribed by the Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury. commissioner: 委员、高级公务员（一般语 委员、高级公务员（ ）；暂时扣押人 前法律语境）； 暂时扣押人（ ）；宣誓员 境）；暂时扣押人（前法律语境）；宣誓员 该法律语境） （该法律语境）
1.1 The Importance of Language in Legal Activity
Words are the principal tools of lawyers and judges, whether we like it or not. They are to us what the scalpel and insulin are to the doctors. (Chafee) 无论我们是否喜欢， 无论我们是否喜欢，语言都是律师和法官的 主要工具。 主要工具。法律语言之于我们正如手术刀和 胰岛素之于医生。 胰岛素之于医生。
Mono-semantic term is a term with only one meaning, or one concept. Feature: Non-cancelability（无语境变化，无法取消） （无语境变化，无法取消） Detachability（可与语句分离） （可与语句分离） Non-calculability（无推导） （无推导）
Examples
decreenisi（离婚判决令） （离婚判决令） agoranomi（希腊市政官） （希腊市政官） 仲裁
Examples
decreenisi（离婚判决令） （离婚判决令） agoranomi（希腊市政官） （希腊市政官） 仲裁 (arbitration)
Examples
decreenisi（离婚判决令） （离婚判决令） agoranomi（希腊市政官） （希腊市政官） 仲裁 (arbitration) 恶意诽谤
Multi-semantic term is a term with certain relevant implicatures in the context of the legal language.
Multi-Semantic Term（多义术语）
Multi-semantic term is a term with certain relevant implicatures in the context of the legal language. Examples: The Laws, procedures and labor practices of the country
1.1 The Importance of Language in Legal Activity
The law, together with the legal system, is but a sheer form of language, from which the world of law is created, and with which the law is made and published. (Hume)
Examples
decreenisi
Examples
decreenisi（离婚判决令） （离婚判决令）
Examples
decreenisi（离婚判决令） （离婚判决令） agoranomi
Examples
decreenisi（离婚判决令） （离婚判决令） agoranomi（希腊市政官） （希腊市政官）
1.2 The Features of Legal Words
Two Specific Features: Exact & concise For example: legalese （深奥的法律用语） 深奥的法律用语） IAFL
1.2 The Features of Legal Words
Two Specific Features: Exact & concise For example: legalese （深奥的法律用语） 深奥的法律用语） IAFL（国际法律语言学家学会） （国际法律语言学家学会）
Multi-Semantic Term（多义术语）
《中华人民共和国预防未成年人犯罪法》 中华人民共和国预防未成年人犯罪法》 The People's Republic of China Law on Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency 中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》 《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》
1.2 The Features of Legal Words
Two Specific Features: Exact & concise For example: legalese
1.2 The Features of Legal Words
Two Specific Features: Exact & concise For example: legalese （深奥的法律用语） 深奥的法律用语）
Multi-Semantic Term（多义术语）
Multi-semantic term is a term with certain relevant implicatures in the context of the legal language. Examples: The Laws, procedures and labor practices of the country practice: 实践、练习（一般语境）；惯例 实践、练习（一般语境）； ）；惯例 法律语境） （法律语境）
Multi-Semantic Term（多义术语）
“Affidavit for the Commissioner” means an affidavit in such form as may be prescribed by the Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury.
Examples
decreenisi（离婚判决令） （离婚判决令） agoranomi（希腊市政官） （希腊市政官） 仲裁 (arbitration) 恶意诽谤(malicious falsehood) 恶意诽谤