vietnamese
越南英文翻译
越南英文翻译Vietnam is a country located in Southeast Asia. It is known for its beautiful landscapes, rich history, and vibrant culture. The capital city of Vietnam is Hanoi, and the largest city is Ho Chi Minh City.Vietnam has a population of over 97 million people and is the 15th most populous country in the world. The official language of Vietnam is Vietnamese, but English is widely spoken, especially in major cities and tourist areas.Vietnam has a long and complex history, with influences from various foreign powers such as China, France, and the United States. This has shaped the culture and traditions of the country, creating a unique blend of East and West.The economy of Vietnam has experienced rapid growth in recent years, making it one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. It has a diverse economy with key sectors including manufacturing, agriculture, services, and tourism.Tourism is a major industry in Vietnam, attracting millions of visitors each year. The country offers a wide range of attractions, from stunning beaches and beautiful mountains to ancient temples and bustling cities. Some popular tourist destinations in Vietnam include Ha Long Bay, Hoi An, and the Mekong Delta. Vietnamese cuisine is also renowned worldwide for its delicious flavors and fresh ingredients. Pho, a traditional Vietnamese noodle soup, is perhaps the most famous Vietnamese dish. Other popular dishes include spring rolls, banh mi sandwiches, and Vietnamesecoffee.In recent years, Vietnam has gained international recognition forits efforts in sustainable development and environmental protection. The country has made significant progress in reducing poverty and improving living standards.However, Vietnam still faces challenges such as high levels of pollution, traffic congestion, and income inequality. The government is working towards addressing these issues and promoting sustainable growth.In conclusion, Vietnam is a fascinating country with a rich history, diverse culture, and stunning landscapes. With its growing economy and increasing popularity as a tourist destination, Vietnam is emerging as an important player on the global stage.。
越南字符编码转换器-vietnameseConverter-0.4.0说明书
Package‘vietnameseConverter’October12,2022Type PackageTitle Convert Vietnamese EncodingsVersion0.4.0Maintainer Juergen Niedballa<***********************>Description Conversion of characters from unsupported Vietnamese character encodings to Uni-code characters.These Vietnamese encodings(TCVN3,VISCII,VPS)are not natively sup-ported in R and lead to printing of wrong characters and garbled text(mojibake).This pack-agefixes that problem and provides readable output with the correct Unicode charac-ters(with or without diacritics).License GPL(>=2)Encoding UTF-8Imports gsubfn,methods,sf,utf8Depends R(>=3.5.0)Suggests testthat,R.rsp,DTURL https:///jniedballa/vietnameseConverterVignetteBuilder R.rspRoxygenNote7.1.2NeedsCompilation noAuthor Juergen Niedballa[aut,cre](<https:///0000-0002-9187-2116>), An The Truong Nguyen[ctb]Repository CRANDate/Publication2021-10-2020:50:02UTCR topics documented:vietnameseConverter-package (2)decodeVN (2)loadEncodingTableVN (4)vn_samples (5)Index71vietnameseConverter-packageThe vietnameseConverter packageDescriptionThis package helps you read and use data from Vietnamese sources in R.These data often use Vietnamese legacy character encodings such as TCVN(Vietnam Standards/Tieu chuan Viet Nam) which are still in use today,but are not read correctly in R.To correct this problem and make such data available in R,this package converts character vectors and entire data frames from legacy Vietnamese encodings to the correct Unicode charactes.It currently supports conversions from three different Vietnamese encodings(TCVN3,VISCII,VPS) to Unicode and vice versa.The main function is decodeVN.Author(s)Juergen NiedballadecodeVN Convert characters from legacy Vietnamese encodings to UTF-8en-codingDescriptionConvert characters from legacy Vietnamese encodings to UTF-8encodingUsagedecodeVN(x,from=c("TCVN3","VISCII","VPS","Unicode"),to=c("Unicode","TCVN3","VISCII","VPS"),diacritics=TRUE)Argumentsx data.frame,sf object,or character vectorfrom Text encoding of input xto Text encoding of outputdiacritics logical.Preserve diacritics(TRUE)or not(FALSE)?DetailsMany characters in legacy Vietnamese encodings(e.g.TCVN3,VPS,VISCII)are not read cor-rectly in R,particularly those with diacritics(accents).The particular encodings don’t seem to be supported by R,at least on many locales.When R reads them as if they have UTF-8encoding,it will result in wrong characters being printed and garbled text(Mojibake-see vignette and examples below).This functions converts character vectors to from various Vietnamese legacy encodings to read-able Unicode characters in UTF-8encoding.By default the function attempts the conversion from TCVN3to Unicode while preserving the diacritics,but also supports other Vietnamese encodings (TCVN3,VPS,VISCII-via argument from).Currently VNI and VNU are not supported.It works on data frames,spatial objects(from the sf package),and character vectors.diacritics=TRUE will return characters with their diacritics.With diacritics=FALSE,the out-put will be ASCII letters without diacritics.Upper/lower case will be preserved regardless.The internal search and replace is performed by the gsubfn function from the gsubfn package.It performs simple character replacements tofix the text.Currently the function converts from the Vietnamese encodings to Unicode,not vice versa.Please contact the maintainer if the conversion from Unicode to Vietnamese encodings would be relevant for you.The character conversion table was adapted from /charset/. Valuecharacter string or data frame(depending on x)WarningWhen printing a data frame with Unicode characters using the standard print method,the R console will show the Unicode escape characters(e.g."<U+1EA3>")instead of the actual Unicode charac-ters.This is a limitation of the R console.The data are correct and will show correctly when usinge.g.View()or when printing columns as vectors.Examples#First we produce the wrongly formatted character string#using Unicode symbols is only necessary to create a portable example in the R package#you don t need to use Unicode characters like this in your datastring<-c("Qu\u00B6ng Tr\u00DE","An\u00A7\u00ABn","Th\u00F5a Thi\u00AAn Hu\u00D5")#Below we have a look at the wrongly formatted character string.#This is what it would look like when you load TCVN3encoded data as UTF8string#convert character vector from TCVN3>UTF-8decodeVN(string)decodeVN(string,diacritics=FALSE)##convert data frame columns from TCVN3>UTF-84loadEncodingTableVN df<-data.frame(id=c(1,2,3),name=string)df_decode<-decodeVN(df)df_decode#NOTE:some characters may be displayed as unicode in the R console#check the individual column to see if they are correct:df_decode[,2]decodeVN(df,diacritics=FALSE)#using the built-in sample datadata(vn_samples)decodeVN(vn_samples$TCVN3)#TCVN->Unicode#TCVN3->UnicodedecodeVN(vn_samples$TCVN3,diacritics=FALSE)#TCVN3->Unicode(ASCII characters only) decodeVN(vn_samples$VISCII,from="VISCII")#VISCII->Unicode#Demonstration for sf object#create sf object(just for demonstration)require(sf)df_geom<-st_sfc(st_point(c(3,4)),st_point(c(10,11)),st_point(c(15,13)))df_spatial<-st_set_geometry(df,df_geom)#convert Vietnamese charactersdf_spatial_decode<-decodeVN(df_spatial)df_spatial_decodedf_spatial_decode$nameloadEncodingTableVN Load conversion table for Vietnamese charactersDescriptionLoad conversion table for Vietnamese charactersUsageloadEncodingTableVN(version)Argumentsversion Version of this table(1or2)-2is currentlty being usedDetailsThe table was adapted from /charset/Valuedata.framevn_samples Sample data frames in legacy Vietnamese encodingsDescriptionA list with four data frames.The data frames list the provinces of Viet Nam.Thefirst list item($Unicode)shows the correct entries.The other three data frames show what loading data encoded in three different Vietnamese encodings would look like when loaded in R.The list items are:•Unicode-Data frame with correct Unicode characters(reference)•TCVN3-Data frame with TCVN3-encoded characters•VISCII-Data frame with VISCII-encoded characters•VPS-Data frame with VPS-encoded charactersNote that the last3are not actually encoded in their respective Vietnamese encodings.Instead,they show what a table in those encodings would look like when loaded into R(or more generally,a system that is not aware of the encodings).Usagedata(vn_samples)FormatA list with4data framesDetailsEach data frame contains5colums and63rows.Thefirst two are character,the last three numeric.•Province_city-Name of province•Administrative_center-Administrative center of the province•Area_km2-Area in km^2•Density_perkm2-Population density(km^-2)•HDI_2012-Human development index in2012Thefirst two columns are character,the last three numeric.Only the character columns will be modified by calling decodeVN,while the numeric columns will not be changed.Factors are not converted.If your data frame contains factors,convert these to characterfirst.NoteThe data frame is based on the table of provinces of Viet nam on Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam with minor edits.The legacy Vietnamese encodings were sim-ulated using the decodeVN function and checked with this online conversion tool:http://www./minh/vnconversions.aspx.Index∗datasetsvn_samples,5decodeVN,2,2,5,6gsubfn,3loadEncodingTableVN,4 vietnameseConverter(vietnameseConverter-package),2vietnameseConverter-package,2vn_samples,57。
准备越式咖啡英语作文
准备越式咖啡英语作文Vietnamese coffee, known for its strong flavor and unique brewing methods, has gained popularity worldwide. The preparation of Vietnamese coffee involves a meticulous process that results in a rich and aromatic beverage. To make a traditional cup of Vietnamese coffee, you will need a few key ingredients and tools.First and foremost, you will need highquality Vietnamese coffee beans. These beans are often a blend of Robusta and Arabica varieties, which contribute to the distinct taste of Vietnamese coffee. The beans are typically coarsely ground to a consistency similar to that of table salt.One of the essential tools for making Vietnamese coffee is the phin, a small metal filter used to brew the coffee. The phin consists of a chamber for the coffee grounds and a perforated press that fits snugly on top. This setup allows for a slow and controlled brewing process, ensuring that the flavors are fully extracted.To begin preparing Vietnamese coffee, start by placing the phin on top of a cup or glass. Add a couple of spoonfuls of condensed milk to the bottom of the cup, adjusting the amount based on your desired level of sweetness. Then, add the ground coffee to the phin, spreading it out evenly and gently pressing it down with the press.Next, pour a small amount of hot water (just off the boil) into the phin to wet the coffee grounds. This step is crucial as it helps the coffee bloom and release its flavors. Allow the coffee to bloom for about 2030 seconds before filling the phinto the top with hot water.The brewing process for Vietnamese coffee is slow, typically taking around 510 minutes for the coffee to drip completely through the filter. As the coffee drips into the cup, you will notice its rich aroma filling the air. Once the dripping stops, stir the coffee and condensed milk together to combine the flavors.Vietnamese coffee can be enjoyed hot or poured over ice for a refreshing iced coffee. The result is a smooth and velvety drink with a perfect balance of bitterness and sweetness. Whether you savor it in the morning as a pickmeup or as an afternoon treat, Vietnamese coffee is sure to delight your taste buds.In conclusion, preparing Vietnamese coffee is more than just making a beverage – it is a ritual that celebrates the unique flavors and brewing techniques of Vietnam. By following the traditional method and using quality ingredients, you can experience the true essence of Vietnamese coffee in every sip.。
制作越南牛肉炒粉英语作文
制作越南牛肉炒粉英语作文Making Vietnamese Beef StirFried NoodlesVietnamese beef stirfried noodles, also known as "Pho Xao Bo" in Vietnamese, is a delicious and flavorful dish that is popular in Vietnamese cuisine. This dish combines tender beef slices with stirfried vegetables and noodles, creating a harmonious blend of textures and flavors. The dish is not only satisfying but also relatively easy to prepare at home. Here is a simple recipe to guide you through the process of making Vietnamese beef stirfried noodles.Ingredients:200g rice noodles250g beef, thinly sliced2 tablespoons vegetable oil3 cloves garlic, minced1 onion, thinly sliced1 bell pepper, sliced1 carrot, julienned2 tablespoons soy sauce1 tablespoon oyster sauce1 tablespoon fish sauce1 teaspoon sugarSalt and pepper to tasteFresh herbs (such as cilantro and Thai basil) for garnishLime wedges for servingInstructions:1. Prepare the Rice Noodles:Soak the rice noodles in hot water according to the package instructions until they are soft but still slightly firm to the bite. Drain and set aside.2. Marinate the Beef:In a bowl, marinate the thinly sliced beef with soy sauce, a pinch of salt, and pepper. Set aside for at least 15 minutes to allow the flavors to absorb.3. StirFry the Vegetables:Heat vegetable oil in a wok or large skillet over high heat. Add minced garlic and stirfry until fragrant.Add sliced onions, bell peppers, and julienned carrots to the wok. Stirfry for a few minutes until the vegetables are slightly tender but still crisp. Remove the vegetables from the wok and set aside.4. Cook the Beef:In the same wok, add a bit more oil if needed. Add the marinated beef slices and stirfry until they are cooked to your desired level of doneness.5. Combine Ingredients:Return the cooked vegetables to the wok with the beef. Add the drained rice noodles, oyster sauce, fish sauce, and sugar. Toss everything together until well combined and heated through.6. Serve:Transfer the Vietnamese beef stirfried noodles to a serving platter. Garnish with fresh herbs such as cilantro and Thai basil. Serve hot with lime wedges on the side.Enjoy the delightful flavors and textures of this Vietnamese beef stirfried noodle dish that will surely satisfy your taste buds. Feel free to customize the recipe by adding your favorite vegetables or adjusting the seasonings to suit your preferences. Happy cooking!。
准备越式咖啡英语作文
准备越式咖啡英语作文Vietnamese Coffee: A Delightful BrewVietnamese coffee holds a special place in the hearts of coffee enthusiasts worldwide. Its unique preparation method and rich flavor profile set it apart from other coffee varieties. To prepare this exquisite brew, one must first gather the essential ingredients: coarsely ground dark roast coffee and condensed milk. The traditional Vietnamese coffee filter, known as a phin, is also required for the brewing process.The brewing process begins by placing the ground coffee into the phin, followed by gently tapping it to even out the coffee bed. The phin is then placed on top of a glass or cup, and hot water is poured over the coffee grounds. The water slowly drips through the filter, allowing the coffee to steep and extract its bold flavors. Patience is key during this process, as the slow drip method is crucial for achieving the perfect balance of flavors.As the coffee brews, the condensed milk is added to a separate glass, creating a sweet and creamy base for the coffee. Once the brewing is complete, the rich and aromatic coffee is poured over the condensed milk, creating a beautiful layered effect. The final step is to give the coffee and milk mixture a gentle stir to blend the flavors together.The result is a velvety smooth cup of Vietnamese coffee that delights the senses with its bold flavor and creamy texture. The contrast between the strong, dark coffee and the sweet, condensed milk creates a harmonious balance that is truly satisfying. Each sip offers a moment of indulgence, transporting the drinker to the bustling streets of Hanoi or the serene coffee shops of Ho Chi Minh City.Vietnamese coffee is more than just a beverage; it is a cultural experience that embodies the warmth and hospitality of the Vietnamese people. Whether enjoyed in the morning as a wakeup call or savored in the afternoon as a pickmeup, Vietnamese coffee never fails to deliver a comforting and energizing experience.In conclusion, preparing Vietnamese coffee is not just about making a drink; it is about taking the time to appreciate the craftsmanship and tradition behind this beloved brew. From the careful selection of ingredients to the artful brewing process, each step is essential in creating a cup of Vietnamese coffee that is truly unforgettable. So, the next time you crave a unique and flavorful coffee experience, why not try your hand at preparing a delicious cup of Vietnamese coffee?。
越南文化简介
Relgion in Vietnam has historically been largely defined by the East Asian mix of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism. They are the so-called Tam Giáo, or "triple religion." Beyond Tam Giáo, Catholicism is also practiced in modern Vietnam. Vietnamese Buddhism has typically been the most popular. This fits perfectly with the "triple religion" concept, making it difficult for many Vietnamese to identify exactly which religion they practice.
• Vietnamese classical music can be traced to the Mongol invasions（蒙古入侵）, when the Vietnamese captured a Chinese opera troupe. Central classical music shows the influences of Champa（占城--印度支那古 国） culture with its melancholic melodies（忧郁 的曲调）.
Performing arts：Water puppetry
水上木偶戏
•Water Puppetry is a distinct Vietnamese art which had its origins in the 10th century. In Water Puppetry a split-bamboo screen obscures puppets which stand in water, and are manipulated using long poles hidden beneath the water.
制作越南牛肉炒面英语作文
制作越南牛肉炒面英语作文Title: Making Vietnamese Beef StirFried NoodlesVietnamese beef stirfried noodles, known as "Pho Xao Bo" in Vietnamese, is a popular and flavorful dish that combines tender beef, fresh vegetables, and savory noodles. This dish is not only delicious but also relatively easy to make at home. By following a few simple steps, you can enjoy the authentic taste of Vietnamese cuisine in the comfort of your own kitchen.To prepare Vietnamese beef stirfried noodles, you will need a few key ingredients, including rice noodles, beef sirloin, garlic, onions, bell peppers, soy sauce, fish sauce, sugar, and various vegetables such as bean sprouts and snow peas. Begin by soaking the rice noodles in warm water until they are soft, then drain and set them aside.Next, thinly slice the beef sirloin and marinate it in a mixture of soy sauce, fish sauce, sugar, and minced garlic for about 1520 minutes to allow the flavors to infuse. In a hot wok or skillet, sauté the marinated beef until it is cooked to your desired level of doneness, then remove it from the pan and setit aside.In the same wok, add a bit of oil and stirfry the sliced onions, bell peppers, and any other vegetables you choose to include in the dish. Once the vegetables are tendercrisp, add the cooked beef back to the wok, along with the soaked ricenoodles. Toss everything together over high heat, ensuring that the noodles are wellcoated with the flavorful sauce.Finally, season the dish with additional soy sauce, fish sauce, sugar, and pepper to taste. Garnish with fresh herbs such as cilantro and Thai basil for added fragrance and flavor. Serve the Vietnamese beef stirfried noodles hot, with a side of lime wedges, bean sprouts, and sliced chilies for those who enjoy a bit of heat.In conclusion, making Vietnamese beef stirfried noodles at home is a rewarding experience that allows you to savor the rich and aromatic flavors of Vietnamese cuisine. With a few simple ingredients and some basic cooking techniques, you can create a delicious and satisfying meal that will delight your taste buds and impress your family and friends. Enjoy the process of cooking this traditional Vietnamese dish and savor the delicious results!。
对越自卫反击战 英语
对越自卫反击战英语Title: The Sino-Vietnamese Border Conflict: A Retrospective.The Sino-Vietnamese Border Conflict, known in China as the "Self-Defense Counterattack against Vietnam," was a military conflict that occurred between China and Vietnam from February 1979 to March 1979. Triggered by a series of territorial disputes and escalating tensions along the China-Vietnam border, the conflict marked a significant turning point in the diplomatic and military relations between the two neighboring countries.The root causes of the conflict can be traced back to the 1960s and 1970s, when Vietnam, under the leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV), had aligned itself with the Soviet Union. This alliance was seen as a threat by China, which had its own close ties with the Soviet Union but was also apprehensive about Vietnam's increasing assertiveness in the region. The two countries' relationsfurther deteriorated when Vietnam invaded Cambodia in 1978, a move that China viewed as a violation of its strategic interests.The conflict began on February 17, 1979, when Chinese troops crossed the border into Vietnam in response to a series of border incursions by Vietnamese forces. Theinitial objective of the Chinese offensive was to惩教越南, or teach Vietnam a lesson, by inflicting significant military losses and forcing it to withdraw from Cambodia. However, the conflict quickly escalated into a full-scale war, with both sides deploying large numbers of troops and engaging in intense battles along the border.The conflict was fought primarily in the northern and central regions of Vietnam, with Chinese forces advancing deep into Vietnamese territory. Despite initial successes, the Chinese offensive was soon stalled by stiff resistance from Vietnamese troops, who were well-trained and equipped with Soviet-made weapons. The Chinese also faceddifficulties in supplying their troops, as the logistics of maintaining a large-scale offensive in a foreign countrywere challenging.The conflict ended on March 16, 1979, with a ceasefire agreement brokered by the Soviet Union and China. The agreement called for a withdrawal of Chinese forces from Vietnam and a return to the pre-conflict border status. However, the conflict had left both countries withsignificant casualties and destroyed much of the infrastructure in the border region.The Sino-Vietnamese Border Conflict had profound implications for both China and Vietnam. For China, the conflict marked a significant military setback and a lossof face, as it had failed to achieve its initial objectives. It also highlighted the challenges of maintaining a large-scale offensive in a foreign country, particularly when faced with stiff resistance and logistical difficulties.For Vietnam, the conflict was a costly but ultimately successful effort to defend its territory and strategic interests. It demonstrated the military might of the Vietnamese people and their resolve to defend their countryagainst external aggression. However, the conflict alsoleft Vietnam with significant economic and infrastructure losses, and it took years for the country to recover from the war's effects.In the longer term, the conflict had a profound impact on the diplomatic and military relations between China and Vietnam. It marked a significant rupture in the traditional friendship between the two countries and led to a period of tense and sometimes hostile relations. However, over time, the two countries have gradually repaired theirrelationship and have moved forward with economic and cultural exchanges.In conclusion, the Sino-Vietnamese Border Conflict was a significant event in the history of both China and Vietnam. It marked a turning point in their diplomatic and military relations and had profound implications for the region. While the conflict itself was a tragic and costly event, it also served as a reminder of the importance of maintaining stability and cooperation in international relations.。
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Aa Ăă Ââ Bb Cc Dd Đđ Ee Êê Gg Hh
Ii Kk Mm Nn Oo Ôô Ơơ Pp Qq Rr Ss
Tt Uu Ƣƣ Vv Xx Yy
字母J,W和Z在外来语中使用
越南语有6个声调.声标如下:
a ă â e ê i o ô ơ u ƣ y
á ắ ấ é ế í ó ố ớ ú ứ ý
à ằ ầ è ề ì ò ồ ờ ù ừ ỳ
ả ẳ ẩ ẻ ể ỉ ỏ ổ ở ủ ỷ
ã ẵ ẫ ẽ ễ ĩ õ ỗ ỡ ũ ữ ỹ
ạ ặ ậ ẹ ệ ị ọ ộ ợ ụ ự ỵ
介音.元音和韵尾拼合关系
i -u -m -n -ng -nh -p -t -c -ch
a ai ao am an anh ang ap at ac ach
oa oai oao oam oan oang oat oac
ay au ăm ăn ăng ăp ăt ăc
oay oăm oăn oăng oăp oăt oăt
ươi ơm ơn ơp ơt
uơ
ây âu âm ân âng âp ât âc
uân uâng uât
uôi ưu ưng ưt ưc
o oi om on ong/oong op ot oc/ooc
ô ôi ôm ôn ông/ôông ôp ôt ôc/ôôc
u ui um un ung up ut uc
e eo em en eng ep et ec
oe oeo oem oen oanh oet oach
ê êu êm ên ênh êp êt êch
uê uên uênh uêt uêch
i/y iu im in inh ip it ich
uy uyu uyn uynh uyp/uit uych
ưa ươi ươu ươn ương ươp ươt ươc
ia iêu iêm iên iêng iêp iêc
uya uyên uyêt
ua uôi uôm uôn uông uôt uôc
qu
声母q后,原本介音o 的改作u.