戈公振报纸观点英语
英美报刊选读Unit1.2.9
新闻英语的五大特点1. brevity 简洁2. popularity 大众性3. interest 趣味性4. freshness 新颖性5. objectiveness客观性Unit 1 Politics第一单元政治TextThe higher Education of Washington华盛顿高等教育Universities step up lobbying to protect funding interests大学为保护资金利益而大肆游说By Dan MorganWhen the University of California at Los Angeles put Rep. Jerry Lewis (R-Calif.) on the cover of this winter’s alumni bulletin, it was a tribute to a distinguished graduate who is so close to his alma mater that he named his dog Bruin, after UCLA’s r evered symbol.Words: lobbying游说拉票；step up增加，促进，加速；University of California at Los Angeles美国加州大学洛杉矶分校Rep.＝Representative众议员；alumni毕业生男校友；bulletin期刊，公告, 公报；tribute贡品, 礼物, 颂词, 殷勤；alma mater母校；Bruin吉祥物熊〔布轮熊〕；revere尊敬，敬畏参考译文：美国加州大学洛杉矶分校在今年冬季毕业生期刊封面刊登美国国会议员杰尔. X易斯〔加州某某党人〕，对与其母校的关系密切得能用美国加州大学洛杉矶分校吉祥物将其宠狗取名为布轮熊的杰出毕业生大肆颂扬。
But the cover story, which was engineered in part by the University of California’s government relation office in Washington, was also a shrewd ploy to cement relations with a key member of the House Appropriations mittee.Words：in part局部地，在某种程度上；shrewd ploy机敏的，精明的，奸诈的计谋，手段；cement水泥，粘结；House Appropriations mittee〔HAC〕美国国会众院拨款委员会参考译文：但是在某种程度上由加州大学华盛顿政府关系办公室策划的这一封面故事也是密切与美国国会众院拨款委员会某一关键委员的精明手段。
英语演讲原文：The Ballot or the Bullet speech by Malcolm X
The Ballot or the Bullet speech byMalcolm XMr. Moderator, Brother Lomax, brothers and sisters, friends and enemies: I just can't believe everyone in here is a friend, and I don't want to leave anybody out. The question tonight, as I understand it, is "The Negro Revolt, and Where Do We Go From Here?" or What Next?" In my little humble 1 way of understanding it, it points toward either the ballot 3 or the bullet. Before we try and explain what is meant by the ballot or the bullet, I would like to clarify something concerning myself. I'm still a Muslim; my religion is still Islam. That's my personal belief. Just as Adam Clayton Powell is a Christian 5 minister who heads the Abyssinian Baptist Church in New York, but at the same time takes part in the political struggles to try and bring about rights to the black people in this country; and Dr. Martin Luther King is a Christian minister down in Atlanta, Georgia, who heads another organization fighting for the civil rights of black people in this country; and Reverend Galamison, I guess you've heard of him, is another Christian minister in New Yorkwho has been deeply involved in the school boycotts 6 to eliminate segregated 7 education; well, I myself am a minister, not a Christian minister, but a Muslim minister; and I believe in action on all fronts by whatever means necessary. Although I'm still a Muslim, I'm not here tonight to discuss my religion. I'm not here to try and change your religion. I'm not here to argue or discuss anything that we differ about, because it's time for us to submerge our differences and realize that it is best for us to first see that we have the same problem, a common problem, a problem that will make you catch hell whether you're a Baptist, or a Methodist, or a Muslim, or a nationalist. Whether you're educated or illiterate 8 , whether you live on the boulevard or in the alley 9 , you're going to catch hell just like I am. We're all in the same boat and we all are going to catch the same hell from the same man. He just happens to be a white man. All of us have suffered here, in this country, political oppression at the hands of the white man, economic exploitation at the hands of the white man, and social degradation 10 at the hands of the white man. Now in speaking like this, it doesn't mean that we're anti-white, but it does mean we're anti-exploitation, we're anti-degradation, we're anti-oppression. And if the white man doesn't want us to be anti-him, let him stop oppressing and exploiting and degrading us. Whether we are Christians 11 or Muslims or nationalists or agnostics oratheists, we must first learn to forget our differences. If we have differences, let us differ in the closet; when we come out in front, let us not have anything to argue about until we get finished arguing with the man. If the late President Kennedy could get together with Khrushchev and exchange some wheat, we certainly have more in common with each other than Kennedy and Khrushchev had with each other. If we don't do something real soon, I think you'll have to agree that we're going to be forced either to use the ballot or the bullet. It's one or the other in 1964. It isn't that time is running out - time has run out! 1964 threatens to be the most explosive year America has ever witnessed. The most explosive year. Why? It's also a political year. It's the year when all of the white politicians will be back in the so-called Negro community jiving you and me for some votes. The year when all of the white political crooks 12 will be right back in your and my community with their false promises, building up our hopes for a letdown, with their trickery and their treachery, with their false promises which they don't intend to keep. As they nourish these dissatisfactions, it can only lead to one thing, an explosion; and now we have the type of black man on the scene in America today - I'm sorry, Brother Lomax - who just doesn't intend to turn the other cheek any longer. Don't let anybody tell you anything about the odds 13 are against you. If they draft you, they send you to Koreaand make you face 800 million Chinese. If you can be brave over there, you can be brave right here. These odds aren't as great as those odds. And if you fight here, you will at least know what you're fighting for. I'm not a politician, not even a student of politics; in fact, I'm not a student of much of anything. I'm not a Democrat 14 . I'm not a Republican, and I don't even consider myself an American. If you and I were Americans, there'd be no problem. Those Honkies that just got off the boat, they're already Americans; Polacks are already Americans; the Italian refugees are already Americans. Everything that came out of Europe, every blue-eyed thing, is already an American. And as long as you and I have been over here, we aren't Americans yet. Well, I am one who doesn't believe in deluding 15 myself. I'm not going to sit at your table and watch you eat, with nothing on my plate, and call myself a diner. Sitting at the table doesn't make you a diner, unless you eat some of what's on that plate. Being here in America doesn't make you an American. Being born here in America doesn't make you an American. Why, if birth made you American, you wouldn't need any legislation; you wouldn't need any amendments 16 to the Constitution; you wouldn't be faced with civil-rights filibustering 18 in Washington, D.C., right now. They don't have to pass civil-rights legislation to make a Polack an American. No, I'm not an American. I'm one of the 22 million black people who arethe victims of Americanism. One of the 22 million black people who are the victims of democracy, nothing but disguised hypocrisy 19 . So, I'm not standing 2 here speaking to you as an American, or a patriot 20 , or a flag-saluter, or a flag-waver - no, not I. I'm speaking as a victim of this American system. And I see America through the eyes of the victim. I don't see any American dream; I see an American nightmare. These 22 million victims are waking up. Their eyes are coming open. They're beginning to see what they used to only look at. They're becoming politically mature. They are realizing that there are new political trends from coast to coast. As they see these new political trends, it's possible for them to see that every time there's an election the races are so close that they have to have a recount. They had to recount in Massachusetts to see who was going to be governor, it was so close. It was the same way in Rhode Island, in Minnesota, and in many other parts of the country. And the same with Kennedy and Nixon when they ran for president. It was so close they had to count all over again. Well, what does this mean? It means that when white people are evenly divided, and black people have a bloc 21 of votes of their own, it is left up to them to determine who's going to sit in the White House and who's going to be in the dog house. lt. was the black man's vote that put the present administration in Washington, D.C. Your vote, your dumbvote, your ignorant vote, your wasted vote put in an administration in Washington, D.C., that has seen fit to pass every kind of legislation imaginable, saving you until last, then filibustering on top of that. And your and my leaders have the audacity 22 to run around clapping their hands and talk about how much progress we're making. And what a good president we have. If he wasn't good in Texas, he sure can't be good in Washington, D.C. Because Texas is a lynch state. It is in the same breath as Mississippi, no different; only they lynch you in Texas with a Texas accent and lynch you in Mississippi with a Mississippi accent. And these Negro leaders have the audacity to go and have some coffee in the White House with a Texan, a Southern cracker 23 - that's all he is - and then come out and tell you and me that he's going to be better for us because, since he's from the South, he knows how to deal with the Southerners. What kind of logic 24 is that? Let Eastland be president, he's from the South too. He should be better able to deal with them than Johnson. In this present administration they have in the House of Representatives 257 Democrats 25 to only 177 Republicans. They control two-thirds of the House vote. Why can't they pass something that will help you and me? In the Senate, there are 67 senators who are of the Democratic Party. Only 33 of them are Republicans. Why, the Democrats have got the government sewed up, and you're the one whosewed it up for them. And what have they given you for it? Four years in office, and just now getting around to some civil-rights legislation. Just now, after everything else is gone, out of the way, they're going to sit down now and play with you all summer long - the same old giant con 4 game that they call filibuster 17 . All those are in cahoots together. Don't you ever think they're not in cahoots together, for the man that is heading the civil-rights filibuster is a man from Georgia named Richard Russell. When Johnson became president, the first man he asked for when he got back to Washington, D.C., was "Dicky" - that's how tight they are. That's his boy, that's his pal 26 , that's his buddy 27 . But they're playing that old con game. One of them makes believe he's for you, and he's got it fixed 28 where the other one is so tight against you, he never has to keep his promise. So it's time in 1964 to wake up. And when you see them coming up with that kind of conspiracy 29 , let them know your eyes are open. And let them know you - something else that's wide open too. It's got to be the ballot or the bullet. The ballot or the bullet. If you're afraid to use an expression like that, you should get on out of the country; you should get back in the cotton patch; you should get back in the alley. They get all the Negro vote, and after they get it, the Negro gets nothing in return. All they did when they got to Washington was give a few big Negroes big jobs. Those bigNegroes didn't need big jobs, they already had jobs. That's camouflage 30 , that's trickery, that's treachery, window-dressing. I'm not trying to knock out the Democrats for the Republicans. We'll get to them in a minute. But it is true; you put the Democrats first and the Democrats put you last. Look at it the way it is. What alibis 32 do they use, since they control Congress and the Senate? What alibi 31 do they use when you and I ask, "Well, when are you going to keep your promise?" They blame the Dixiecrats. What is a Dixiecrat? A Democrat. A Dixiecrat is nothing but a Democrat in disguise. The titular 33 head of the Democrats is also the head of the Dixiecrats, because the Dixiecrats are a part of the Democratic Party. The Democrats have never kicked the Dixiecrats out of the party. The Dixiecrats bolted themselves once, but the Democrats didn't put them out. Imagine, these low-down Southern segregationists put the Northern Democrats down. But the Northern Democrats have never put the Dixiecrats down. No, look at that thing the way it is. They have got a con game going on, a political con game, and you and I are in the middle. It's time for you and me to wake up and start looking at it like it is, and trying to understand it like it is; and then we can deal with it like it is. The Dixiecrats in Washington, D.C., control the key committees that run the government. The only reason the Dixiecrats control these committees is because they have seniority. The only reasonthey have seniority is because they come from states where Negroes can't vote. This is not even a government that's based on democracy. lt. is not a government that is made up of representatives of the people. Half of the people in the South can't even vote. Eastland is not even supposed to be in Washington. Half of the senators and congressmen who occupy these key positions in Washington, D.C., are there illegally, are there unconstitutionally. I was in Washington, D.C., a week ago Thursday, when they were debating whether or not they should let the bill come onto the floor. And in the back of the room where the Senate meets, there's a huge map of the United States, and on that map it shows the location of Negroes throughout the country. And it shows that the Southern section of the country, the states that are most heavily concentrated with Negroes, are the ones that have senators and congressmen standing up filibustering and doing all other kinds of trickery to keep the Negro from being able to vote. This is pitiful. But it's not pitiful for us any longer; it's actually pitiful for the white man, because soon now, as the Negro awakens 34 a little more and sees the vice 35 that he's in, sees the bag that he's in, sees the real game that he's in, then the Negro's going to develop a new tactic 36 . These senators and congressmen actually violate the constitutional amendments that guarantee the people of that particular state or county the right to vote. And theConstitution itself has within it the machinery 37 to expel any representative from a state where the voting rights of the people are violated. You don't even need new legislation. Any person in Congress right now, who is there from a state or a district where the voting rights of the people are violated, that particular person should be expelled from Congress. And when you expel him, you've removed one of the obstacles in the path of any real meaningful legislation in this country. In fact, when you expel them, you don't need new legislation, because they will be replaced by black representatives from counties and districts where the black man is in the majority, not in the minority. If the black man in these Southern states had his full voting rights, the key Dixiecrats in Washington, D.C., which means the key Democrats in Washington,D.C., would lose their seats. The Democratic Party itself would lose its power. It would cease to be powerful as a party. When you see the amount of power that would be lost by the Democratic Party if it were to lose the Dixiecrat wing, or branch, or element, you can see where it's against the interests of the Democrats to give voting rights to Negroes in states where the Democrats have been in complete power and authority ever since the Civil War. You just can't belong to that Party without analysing it. I say again, I'm not anti-Democrat, I'm not anti-Republican, I'm not anti-anything. I'm just questioning their sincerity 38 , and some of the strategythat they've been using on our people by promising 39 them promises that they don't intend to keep. When you keep the Democrats in power, you're keeping the Dixiecrats in power. I doubt that my good Brother Lomax will deny that.A vote for a Democrat is a vote for a Dixiecrat. That's why, in 1964, it's time now for you and me to become more politically mature and realize what the ballot is for; whatwe're supposed to get when we cast a ballot; and that if we don't cast a ballot, it's going to end up in a situation where we're going to have to cast a bullet. It's either a ballot or a bullet.■文章重点单词注释：1humbleadj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低参考例句：In my humble opinion,he will win the election.依我拙见，他将在选举中获胜。
美英报刊Lessons 10 Reining In the Test of Tests
Reining In the Test of TestsSome say the SAT is destiny. Some say it'smeaningless.Should it be scrapped?By Ben WildavskyRichard Atkinson is not typical of those who fret over the SAT, yet there he was last year poring over a stack of prep manuals, filling in the bubbles with his No.2 pencils. When the esteemed cognitive psychologist, former head of the National Science Foundation and now president of the prestigious nine-campus University of California system, decided to investigate his long-standing misgivings about the nation's best known standardized test, he did just what many of the 1.3 million high school seniors who take the SAT do every year. Every night or so for several weeks, the 71-year-old Atkinson pulled out his manuals and sample tests to review and assess the sort of verbal and mathematical questions teenagers are up against.理查德·阿特金森(Richard Atkinson)并不是那些为SAT而烦恼的人的典型代表，但去年他在那里钻研着一叠准备手册，用2号铅笔做题。
美英报刊文章阅读lesson9
美英报刊文章阅读lesson9
摘要：
1.概述美英报刊文章阅读lesson9 的主要内容
2.分析文章的结构和主题
3.探讨文章的价值观和立场
4.总结文章的主要观点和启示
正文：
美英报刊文章阅读lesson9 主要介绍了如何阅读和分析报刊文章，以便更好地理解作者的观点和立场。
在这篇文章中，我们可以看到以下几个方面的内容：
首先，文章概述了阅读报刊文章的重要性。
在现代社会，报刊文章是我们了解世界和形塑观点的重要途径。
因此，学会如何有效地阅读和分析这些文章至关重要。
接着，文章分析了报刊文章的结构和主题。
通常，一篇报刊文章会有一个中心主题，以及围绕主题展开的各个部分。
这些部分可能包括引言、论据、反驳和结论等。
了解这些结构的存在，有助于我们更好地理解作者的观点和论证方式。
然后，文章探讨了如何从报刊文章中挖掘作者的价值观和立场。
这一点尤为重要，因为报刊文章往往代表了作者和媒体的观点，这些观点可能会影响我们的认知和判断。
通过分析文章中的语言、论据和逻辑，我们可以更好地理解作者的立场和价值观。
最后，文章总结了阅读报刊文章的主要观点和启示。
通过了解作者的观点
和立场，我们可以拓宽自己的视野，激发思考，甚至改变自己的观念。
同时，我们也可以学会如何更有效地表达自己的观点和立场。
总之，美英报刊文章阅读lesson9 为我们提供了一种阅读和分析报刊文章的方法。
英美报刊语言特色(英文)
Simple Analysis of Language Features InAmerican and British News Publication Finishing studying the Reading Course In American & British New Publications, I become interested in the language features in news publications.The American & British New Publications is one of the most important media in dissemination of information, carrying the task of presenting the latest information at home and abroad to readers timely and accurately. Read English newspapers has become one of the main methods acquiring of the international information. In general, the language features in news publications are mainly restricted by the following factors as popularity, simplicity, interest, freshness and objectiveness. Therefore, a unique style in language use has created by those editors when they arein the preparation of news reports. It helps to improve the ability of understanding and appreciating of English newspaper articles since you master the language feature in American & British New Publications. Here I will introduce some of the language features to you.Firstly, the language is concise and simple.The newspaper is very treasure forum, so writers are asked to provide as much information as possible within the limited space. At he same time, readers are afraid of wasting time, hoping for getting as much information as possible in limited time, which forces the editors to develop the concise style. Therefore, the news writers tend to adopt the following various meansto concentrate and concise sentence.1.Omitted mainly shows on the preparation of the headlines. The news writers often omit to write the headlines, make it short and pithy --- point out that part of the theme of the article or news of the most valuable using just a few words. Fresh readers of foreign newspapers do not understand the title is omitted, and often feel hard to comprehens. The headlines are often omitted the following ingredients:a.)Function words. Mark only with a real word and omit function words in the headlines. Articles and verb "to be" are commonly omitted. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary verbs and personal pronouns are followed. For example, Italian Ex-Mayor Murdered (An Italian Ex-Mayor Is Murdered); Alaskan Oil for Japan?(Will There Be Alaskan Oil for Japan?); Man quizzed after wife is knifed in sports store. (A man is quizzed after His Wife Is knifed in a sports store). What should be paid attention to is that not all articles can be omitted. For instance, in West Point Makes a Comeback, make a comeback is fixed Collocation which cannot be omitted. How America Sees the World (the article "the" cannot be omitted when world means shijie).b.)"And" is often substituted by comma. Big Crimes, Small Cities (Big Crimes and Small Cities); Woman Kills Husband, Self (A Woman Kills Her Husband and Herself).c.)Use a colon instead of speak Italian verb, a linking verb or other verb. For example, Owen: Watch Me Get Better(Owen Says Watch Me Get Better).2.The use of shortenings. The trend of English development is to gradually simplify, Reflected in the vocabulary level of overlap is the emergence of a largenumber of shortenings. Linguist Eric Patridge and Simeon Potter have mentioned this in the book named English in a Changing World. For the requirements of saving space and concise language, the news reports have a higher frequency of shortenings which can be seen everywhere. Except for blending, there are three other main forms of shortenings.a.)Clippingseg. doc(doctor) demob(demobilize)hood(neighbourhood) dozer(bulldozer)info(information) teen(teenager)tech(technology) pop(popular)vet(veteran) ex(ex-husband/wife)b.)Alphabetismeg. CD(compact disk)GM(genetically modified)HOV(high occupancy vehicle)WTO(World Trade Organization)c.)Acronymeg. DIMP(double income money problem)ROM(Read Only Memory)NOW(National Organization for Women)3.The use of embedding. In order to convey more messages within limited space, the news reports use large amount of embedded structures.eg. They tried to cut after-school programs----proven winners----by 40 percent, then settles for a freeze.While overt discrimination is dwindling----in part because perpetrators can be successfully sued for practicing it----it still exists.In terms of stylistic effect, it appears more independence via using dashes to stand out insert ingredients and makes it a sense of random.eg. The mum-and -pop operation----they have two employees besides themselves----is growing at a rate of about 15% a year had sales of $350 000.Neverthe less, it’ s physical evidence----the sticks and stones of murder trials----that delivers crushing blows to a defendant’ s case, he and other legal experts say.Secondly, the language must be interesting. Those journalists who are successful attach great intention to the vividness of language. The Western press has always focusing on interesting news, and newspapers is facing the huge challenges of television, radio, online media and so on. Therefore, to stabilize the newspaper market, vividness is greatly strengthened, so news reports must be written in a lively and interesting way. The following means are always used to make reports interesting:1.Metonymy. Metonymy is often used in news writing. It can save length, avoid repetition and increase the vividness. The forms of metonymy in news are the following ones.a.)Names of place is on behalf of institution.eg. Capitol/Hill(U.S. Congress) White House(U.S. Government)Whitehall(British Government) Elysee( French government)b.)Names of place is on behalf of industry and social class.eg. Wall Street(the U.S. Financial market)Hollywood(the U.S. Film industry)c.)Typical surnames is on behalf of sb. or one country.eg. Ivan(the Russian) Wang(the Chinese)John Bull(the British) John Doe(the American)d.)Characteristic specially possessed is on behalf of certain country and institution.eg. the bear( Former Soviet Union)Big Apple(Newyork)Dice City(Las Vegas)Motor City(Detroit)2.Metaphorical words. To make the language easy to understand and vivid, news reports are commonly used metaphorical terms. Interesting news is preferred to when western press choose news. Especially those "immediate reward" named by Dr. Wiber Schramm. This kind of tendency also obviously reflected in text applications. For example, the metaphor has something to do with sex, war and violence is of often expressed.eg. Courting is used to express "seek friendly relations". Marriage or Wedding is used to express "close association or union". Flirt is used to express "make an insincere proposition of friendly relationship" and so on.Besides the two aspects stated above, there are still many language features in news reports. We have all ways to conclude that, the language features in news reports are simple and concise, accurate and specific, vivid and interesting, innovative and lively. Be familiar with and master these language features not only helps us to improve the ability of reading and appreciating of English newspapers, but also help us to know the picture of today's international political, economic, military, religious, scientific and cultural affairs more accurately,get the latest scientific and technological knowledge and a variety of information.。
中国报学史
《中国报学史》是由我国著名报学家、杰出的新闻工作者戈公振先生所写，它是一部研究新闻学和我国新闻事业发展史的开山之作。
1815年，中国第一份近代报纸《东西洋考每月统记传》问世，标志着中国近现代新闻事业的发端，然而在此后的一百多年间，人们对于“新闻”这门新兴学科的却缺乏理性思考。
而《中国报学史》的诞生，首次全面系统地叙述了中国新闻事业发展的历史，被国内外新闻界誉之为中国新闻史学研究的首部权威著作，对我们今天的新闻研究产生了深远的影响。
新闻学界泰斗方汉奇老先生就曾说过：“戈先生的《中国报学史》是奠基之作，我是站在他的肩膀上起步的”。
看完《中国报学史》一书，首先有感于戈公振先生的执着和认真。
“终生献身于新闻事业”决不是一句挂在嘴边的话，自从在民初参加了《时报》的编辑工作后，他就决定从事新闻事业。
他曾靠自己的积蓄到欧美日本等国家考察各国的新闻事业，“九一八”和“一二八”前后，他愤于国难，积极参加抗日运动。
甚至留下遗书，抱了勇敢地置生死于度外的精神赴东北采访，希望能将东北沦陷后的情况真实地报道出来。
除此之外，又专心于研究新闻学和新闻学史。
并留下了不少著作。
这一切的一切，都让今天的很多人汗颜。
此外，《中国报学史》这本书图文互证，史料翔实，不少报刊资料赖本书得以传播。
作者态度严谨，广泛收集也报学史相关的材料，精研覃思，用力弥深。
戈宝权曾在前言中写道：“家叔公振在写这本书的时候，曾花费了不少的时间和精力。
我记得在他的书房（也就是他的卧室）里，有四个高大的书架，全放满了有关新闻学的书籍和收藏着各种稀有的报刊与剪报。
”并“常向私家的藏书室和图书馆借阅书籍，并且曾在上海徐家汇图书馆的藏书楼里消磨了很多时光。
”《中国报学史》系统全面地介绍和论述了中国新闻事业发生发展的历史，汇集了大量的第一手材料，基本勾勒出了中国新闻事业产生发展的大致脉络，确定了中国新闻史研究的内容。
它的出版标志着中国新闻史系统研究的开端，这在我国新闻史学史上有重大的里程碑意义。
英美报刊阅读精选
英美报刊阅读精选英美报刊阅读精选英美报刊是了解英美社会、经济、政治等方面的重要资源，不仅可以提高我们的英语阅读能力，还可以增长我们的知识面。
以下是几个值得推荐的英美报刊，供大家参考。
1. The New York Times（纽约时报）作为美国最具影响力的报纸之一，纽约时报是许多人获取美国新闻资讯的首选。
它涵盖了全球范围内的重要新闻，包括政治、经济、社会、文化等方面的报道。
在纽约时报上可以了解到最新的美国社会动态、国际关系以及各种社会问题的发展。
2. The Economist（经济学人）The Economist是一家国际性权威经济杂志，发表着英美乃至全球的经济与商业新闻分析。
它不仅提供了全球各地的经济数据和商业趋势的报道，还对国际政治、科技发展等方面进行深入的分析。
经济学人以其独到的视角和专业的报道而备受推崇。
3. The Guardian（卫报）作为英国的一家重要报纸，卫报以其较为自由、开放的编辑方针而广受欢迎。
它关注各种社会问题，包括环境、社会不公、民权等，同时也报道全球的重大新闻事件。
卫报以其深入的报道和对社会的深思熟虑而受到许多人的喜爱。
4. Financial Times（金融时报）金融时报是全球权威的财经报纸之一，对商业和金融领域有着独到的报道和分析。
它提供了全球范围内的商业新闻、金融市场动态和经济趋势，对投资者和商界人士具有很高的参考价值。
金融时报的报道深入浅出，能够帮助读者更好地理解和把握金融市场。
5. The Times（泰晤士报）泰晤士报是英国最古老的日报之一，提供了全球各地的新闻与报道。
它的报道领域非常广泛，包括政治、经济、文化、体育等各个方面。
泰晤士报以其权威性、客观性和深入性而在英国乃至全球范围内享有很高的声誉。
以上是几个值得推荐的英美报刊，每一家都有其特色和优势，可以根据个人兴趣和需求来选择阅读。
通过阅读这些报刊，我们可以了解到英美社会各个方面的最新发展和动向，提高自己的英语阅读能力，同时也拓宽我们的视野和知识面。
《新闻学概论》自考教材课后复习与思考题 (全版)
新闻学概论复习提纲自考《新闻学概论》课后复习思考题第一章绪论1、新闻学的定义？答：新闻学是研究新闻现象和揭示新闻活动规律的一门独立的社会学科。
2、约翰弥尔顿关于新闻出版自由的基本观点是什么？答：1、观点的自由市场；2、自我修正的过程。
详解：人的理性高于一切，言论和出版自由是天赋人权的一部分。
主张任何人都可以不受限制地发表意见和传播思想，人们靠自己的理性辨别是非，通过意见的自由竞争修正错误，认识真理。
3、世界上第一部新闻史著作是什么？作者是谁？答：1845年出版的《德国新闻事业史》，德国学者普尔兹。
4、标志着世界新闻学走向成熟的两部代表作是什么？答：1922年李普曼《舆论学》；1924年约斯特《新闻学原理》。
5、试述新闻学“先有术，后有学”的发展过程？答：早期新闻学以报纸为唯一的研究对象，因此早期新闻学又称作“报学”。
报学侧重于业务技术探讨，直接为培训从业人员服务。
1845年，德国学者普尔兹的《德国新闻事业史》出版，标志着新闻学开始超越单纯业务研究的微观视野，从历史发展角度揭示新闻活动的客观规律，是新闻学发展史上重要的里程碑。
6、《报刊的四种理论》的基本观点是什么？答：1956年，美国施拉姆等人。
集权主义理论：指的是封建专制主义的新闻思想和体制，希特勒式的法西斯主义也包括在内。
自由主义理论：指的是自由竞争时期的资本主义新闻思想和体制。
社会责任理论：垄断时期的资本主义新闻理论和体制。
苏联共产主义理论：前苏联等社会主义国家的新闻思想和管理体制。
7、什么是大众传播学？它的创始人和集大成者是谁？他们最主要的学术贡献是什么？答：大众传播学诞生于美国，形成于20世纪20年代—40年代。
最初用于对两次世界大战的宣传效果进行检测与研究。
大众传播学创立的四大先驱是：社会学家拉扎斯菲尔德“两级传播理论”；政治学家拉斯韦尔“五W模式”；心理学家卢因“团体动力说”；社会心理学家霍夫兰有关态度改变和劝服艺术的理论。
集大成者是美国新闻学专家施拉姆。
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摘要：戈公振是最早研究中国新闻史的泰斗，著有《中国报业史》。
他认为，汉有邸报，唐有《开元杂报》，邸报是报纸。
这一观点被国内外众多权威学者所追捧。
至今，中国高校各类新闻教科书都奉其为圭臬，成为主流观点。
但本研究认为，翻译字偷换概念，戈公振误读其义，邸报不具有商品属性，不是大众传播，更不会有广告受众，故邸报不是报纸。
学者增强民族自信心的出发点是好的，应尊崇史实和科学，不可以以讹传讹，误导后世
Abstract: Gongzhen Ge is a dean who researches earily the Chinese history of journalism and famous for his book ,《Journalistic history of China》. He believes that the government gazette in Han dynasty is also a kind of newspaper. This view was popularly spread by many authoritative scholars at home and abroad. So far, many Chinese universities have all kinds of news textbook that regarded it as a model and even become a mainstream. However, the present study suggests that Gongzhen Ge misread its meaning and altered the idea by translated ernment gazette is neither a product that has advertisement, nor the mass media . Therefore, I reckon that Government gazette is not a kind of newspaper. From my point of view, the scholars should respect the historical facts and science when they are doing an academic research.
Key words:Government gazette, newspaper
分析：
1.根据了解邸报的历史后，决定翻译为Government gazette
2泰斗：the leading authority, the greatness, the dean，根据文中理解为dean
3中文是《中国报业史》,但我查询中国知网后发现戈公振发表的是《中国报学史》，于是我采用这个《Journalistic history of China》
4.汉有邸报，唐有《开元杂报》，邸报是报纸，这句话是不合逻辑的，于是英文译文采用编译方法改动。
5.最后一句站在外国思维的角度来看，后面的不可以以讹传讹，误导后世是中国人说的，外国人不会这样表达，于是采取编译方法。