Isolationandstructureof26,27-cycloaplysterol(petrosterol)acyclopropane-co.
Isolation and Crystal Structure of 2—Bromoaldisin

Isolation and Crystal Structure of 2—Bromoaldisin 徐效华; 陈晓; 等【期刊名称】《《结构化学》》【年(卷),期】2001(020)003【摘要】The crystal structure of the title compound (C8H7BrN2O2,Mr=243.07) was isolated from the marine sponge Phacellia fusca Schmidt collected from the South China Sea. Its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal is orthorhombic with space group Pbca, a=12.9952(8), b=7.4479(5), c=18.598(1) ?, V=1800.1(2) ?3, Z=8, Dc=1.794g/cm3, (=0.71073 ?, ( (MoK()=4.533mm-1, F(000)=960. The structrue was refined to R=0.0349, wR(F2)=0.0925 for 1589 reflections with I > 2((I). X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the title compound has one five-membered pyrrole ring and one seven-membered azepin ring. There are two intermolecular hydrogen bonds between two molecules.【总页数】3页(P173-175)【作者】徐效华; 陈晓; 等【作者单位】InstituteandStateKeyLaboratoryofElemento-OrganicChemistry NankaiUniversity Tianjin300071 China【正文语种】中文【中图分类】O626【相关文献】1.Isolation, Crystal Structure and Antitussive Activity of 9S,9aS-neotuberostemonine [J], WU Yi;YE Qing-Mei;LIU Jing;XU Wei;ZHU Zi-Rong;JIANG Ren-Wang2.Isolation, Crystal Structure and Na+/K+-ATPase Inhibitory Activity of 1β-Hydroxydigitoxigenin [J], XU Yun-Hui;XU Jian;JIANG Xue-Yang;CHEN Zhi-Hua;XIE Zi-Jian;JIANG Ren-Wang;FENG Feng3.Isolation and Crystal Structure of Ent-kaurane Diterpenes from Rubus corchorifolius L.f. [J], CHEN Xue-Xiang;HUANG Jian-Xi;OU Yang-Wen;LIU Xiao-Juan;ZHOU Li-Ping;CAO Yong4.Isolation, Crystal Structure,and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Sakuranetin from Populus tomentosa [J], LIU Hai-Ping;CHAO Zhi-Mao;TAN Zhi-Gao;WU Xiao-Yi;WANG Chun;SUN Wen5.Isolation and Crystal Structure of 2-Bromoaldisin [J], 徐效化; 陈晓; 廖仁安; 谢庆兰因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。
生防菌解淀粉芽孢杆菌抗菌蛋白的研究进展

生防菌解淀粉芽孢杆菌抗菌蛋白的研究进展出晓铭1,2,林毅雄1,2,张珅1,2,严芬1,3,林河通1,2(1.福建农林大学食品科学学院,福州350002;2.福建农林大学农产品产后技术研究所,福州350002;3.福州大学生物科学与工程学院,福州350108)摘要:生防解淀粉芽孢杆菌具有强烈抑制真菌和细菌的能力,在果蔬采后病害防治方面具有巨大的应用潜力。
该文对解淀粉芽孢杆菌产生的抗菌蛋白、蛋白的分离纯化、抑菌机理和生防应用等方面进行了综述,并对其在果蔬采后病害防治应用前景进行了展望。
关键词:解淀粉芽孢杆菌;抗菌蛋白;采后病害;生物防治中图分类号:S476;TS255.3文献标志码:A 文章编号:1005-1295(2014)06-0049-06doi :10.3969/j.issn.1005-1295.2014.06.013Research Advances of Antifungal Proteins Produced by Biocontrol Bacterium ,Bacillus amyloliquefaciensCHU Xiao-ming1,2,LIN Yi-xiong 1,2,ZHANG Shen1,2,YAN Fen1,3,LIN He-tong 1,2(1.College of Food Science ,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University ,Fuzhou 350002,China ;2.Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products ,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University ,Fuzhou 350002,China ;3.College of Biological Science and Engineering ,Fuzhou University ,Fuzhou 350108,China )Abstract :Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a kind of biocontrol bacterium which has great ability against fungi and bacteria ,thereby it has high research values and potential for development in biological control of posthar-vest diseases of fruits and vegetables.The separation and purification of antifungal proteins produced by Bacil-lus amyloliquefaciens ,the disease resistant mechanisms and the application of biocontrol of antifungal proteins were summarized.The future potential application in biocontrol of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables was also discussed.Key words :Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ;antifungal proteins ;postharvest diseases ;biological control 收稿日期:2014-06-23;修稿日期:2014-07-16基金项目:国家科技支撑计划专项(2007BAD07B06);福建省高等学校新世纪优秀人才支持计划(闽教科〔2007〕20号)资助作者简介:出晓铭(1990-),男,硕士,研究方向为食品科学。
生物化学英语

生物化学英语Introduction to BiochemistryBiochemistry is a fascinating interdisciplinary fieldthat combines biology and chemistry to study the chemical processes and molecules that occur within living organisms.It focuses on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying biological processes and how they are regulated. In this document, we will provide an overview of important concepts and techniques in biochemistry.1. Structure and Function of BiomoleculesBiochemistry studies the structure and function of biomolecules, which include proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Proteins are crucial for various cellular functions, such as enzyme catalysis, cell signaling, and structural support. Nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA, carry genetic information and are involved in protein synthesis. Carbohydrates are important energy sources, while lipids serve as components of cell membranes and energy storage molecules.2. Enzymes and MetabolismEnzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions, playing a vital role in metabolism. They lower the activation energy required for reactions to occur, thus speeding up the rate of chemical reactions within cells. Metabolism involves a series of interconnected biochemical reactions that convert nutrients into energy and building blocks for cellular processes. An understanding of enzyme kinetics and metabolic pathways is essential in biochemistry.3. Biochemical TechniquesVarious techniques are used in biochemistry to study biomolecules and their functions. These include spectroscopy, chromatography, electrophoresis, centrifugation, and molecular cloning. Spectroscopy allows the analysis of biomolecule structures by using light absorption, emission, or scattering. Chromatography separates mixtures into their individual components. Electrophoresis separates charged molecules based on their size and charge. Centrifugation separates particles based on their size and density. Molecular cloning allows for the replication and manipulation of DNA.4. Gene Expression and RegulationBiochemistry also encompasses the study of gene expression and regulation. Gene expression refers to the process by which information from a gene is used to produce a functional protein or RNA molecule. Regulation of gene expression ensures that the right genes are turned on or off at the appropriate times and in specific cell types. Understanding gene expression and regulation is crucial in understanding development, cell differentiation, and disease.5. Applications of BiochemistryBiochemistry has numerous applications in various fields, including medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. In medicine, biochemistry is essential for understanding diseases at the molecular level and developing new drugs and therapies. In agriculture, biochemistry is used to improve crop yields and develop genetically modified organisms. Biotechnology relies heavily on biochemistry for geneticengineering, production of recombinant proteins, and designing new biofuels.ConclusionBiochemistry is a vast and dynamic field that plays a critical role in advancing our understanding of life processes and their applications. It provides a foundation for various other branches of biology and chemistry, contributing to fields such as molecular biology, genetics, and pharmacology. By studying the structure and function of biomolecules, enzymes, and metabolic pathways, biochemists continue to unravel the complexities of life.。
酪蛋白肽锌螯合物的制备及体外消化分析

周桂成,肖珊,王波,等. 酪蛋白肽锌螯合物的制备及体外消化分析[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(23):270−279. doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023020002ZHOU Guicheng, XIAO Shan, WANG Bo, et al. Preparation and in Vitro Digestive Analysis of Casein-Derived Peptide-Zinc Chelates[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(23): 270−279. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023020002· 分析检测 ·酪蛋白肽锌螯合物的制备及体外消化分析周桂成1,2,肖 珊2,王 波2, *,王际辉2,*(1.大连工业大学生物工程学院,辽宁大连 116034;2.东莞理工学院生命健康技术学院,广东东莞 523808)摘 要:为开发安全高效且易吸收的补锌剂,利用碱性蛋白酶酶解和乳酸菌发酵相结合的方法制备生物活性肽,并以此多肽制备了酪蛋白肽锌螯合物。
采用光谱法对螯合物结构进行表征,利用体外消化模型和Caco-2细胞实验对其胃肠消化特性及生物安全性进行评价。
结果表明,制备酪蛋白肽的最优条件为酶解pH 为9、碱性蛋白酶添加量为0.3%(w/v ),乳酸菌发酵时间为12 h ,此时反应体系中多肽含量为142.39±0.95 mg/g ,对锌的螯合率为31.41%±0.97%。
与锌螯合后,酪蛋白肽表面的致密结构遭到破坏,形成疏松的状态;光谱学分析表明,Zn 2+能与酪蛋白肽上的活性基团进行结合,螯合位点为羧基氧、羟基氧和氨基。
体外模拟消化结果显示,酪蛋白肽锌螯合物在消化过程中锌溶解性优于硫酸锌;在胃肠消化后酪蛋白肽锌螯合物DPPH 和ABTS +自由基的清除能力分别提升了26.19%±3.30%和71.96%±7.06%,而铁还原力下降了36.26%±2.80%;同时,在消化过程中肽锌螯合物的β-转角与无规则卷曲含量减少,β-折叠结构增加,Zn 2+起到了维持多肽结构的作用。
一株螺旋状铁氧化细菌的分离及特性研究

收稿日期:2003-10-17基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(50170034)(30170026)作者简介:刘 缨(1976-),女,助理工程师,主要从事自养微生物的分子生物学研究.文章编号:1671-9352(2004)02-0116-04一株螺旋状铁氧化细菌的分离及特性研究刘 缨,刘相梅,郑力真,林建群,颜望明(山东大学 微生物技术国家重点实验室,山东 济南 250100)摘要:利用双层平板培养技术,从云南腾冲地区高温温泉边酸性水中分离出1株螺旋状铁氧化细菌ML -04,对该菌的理化特性研究结果显示,该菌专性化能自养,可利用亚铁和黄铁矿为能源,不能氧化硫磺、四硫酸盐、硫代硫酸盐,最适生长温度40e ,最适生长p H2.5.对砷黄铁矿的浸矿实验表明,ML -04菌株可以有效浸出矿粉中的铁和硫元素.关键词:螺旋状;铁氧化细菌;分离;理化特性中图分类号:Q93 文献标识码:AIsolation and characterization of a vibrioid -shaped iron -oxidizing bacteriumLIU Ying,LIU Xiang -mei,Z HENG L-i zheng,LIN Jian -qun &YAN Wang -ming(State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technol ogy,Shandong Univ.,Ji nan 250100,Shandong,China)Abstract :A vibrioid -shaped i ron -oxidizing bacteriu m,named strain ML -04,was isolated from Tenchong area,Yunnan province in China with the double layer culture technique.And the characterization resul ts showed that ML -04s train is obli gately autotrophic and could use ferrous iron and p yrite as sole energy sources,but not element sulfur,thiosulfate and tetrathionate.The opti mal tem -perature of ML -04strai n is 40e and the opti mal p H is 2.5for growth.The result of leaching test showed that iron and sulfur ele -ment could be effectively extracted from arsenopyrite by bio -oxidation process of the ML -04strain.Key words :Vibrioid -shaped;Iron -oxidizing bacterium;Isolati on;Physi ological characters生物浸矿技术具有悠久的历史,古代人们就用微生物浸出铜.和化学方法相比,生物浸矿具有多方面的优点,不仅耗能低,对环境污染小,还可以处理常规化学方法难处理的低品位矿石,因而在环境问题日益严重,金属富矿匮乏的今天,越来越受到人们的关注[1].生物浸矿技术在一些国家已成功应用于工业生产,如南非、巴西、澳大利亚、美国、加纳、秘鲁、乌兹别克斯坦、希腊等国都实现了生物浸矿的工业化应用.我国在这方面的工作也开始起步,2000年,山东莱州天承生物金业股份有限公司引进澳大利亚生物提金技术处理含砷难冶金精矿,日处理矿石能力可达120吨[2].浸矿微生物主要是一些在酸性环境中生长的铁或硫氧化细菌.多为化能自养,可利用低价态铁或还原态无机硫化物作为电子供体,具有嗜酸性,生长pH 在1.5~2.0左右[3].目前国外已广泛开展对浸矿细菌的研究,以更好的应用于生产实践.但研究过程中存在很多技术难点,尤其是浸矿细菌绝大多数都是专性化能自养,有机质的存在对其生长有抑制作用,因而在琼脂糖或琼脂固体培养基上难以生长,也就难以对其进行分离纯化.目前分离纯化这类细菌多采用双层平板培养技术,该技术是在底层培养基中加入1种嗜酸性异养细菌,通过底层异养细菌的生长,消耗了琼脂第39卷 第2期Vol.39 No.2山 东 大 学 学 报 (理 学 版)JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNI VERSITY2004年4月 Apr.2004糖固体平板中的微量有机成分,如寡糖类物质,从而有利于上层平板中化能自养细菌的生长[4,5].本研究利用双层平板培养基技术,从采集自云南腾冲地区高温温泉边的酸性水样中分离纯化出1株螺旋状铁氧化细菌ML-04,对该菌的理化特性和浸矿能力进行了研究.1材料1.1样品采自云南腾冲地区高温温泉边酸性水样.1.2培养基ML-04菌株的分离用FeTSB双层平板培养基[5]、生长曲线的测定用9K矿粉培养基[6],即9K培养基中加入砷黄铁矿(该矿粉含S20.45%,Fe 24.9%,As5.16%),用1mol P L的硫酸调pH至2.5.ML-04菌株能源利用特性的测定用基础培养基[7].该培养基用1mol P L的硫酸调pH至2.5.2方法2.1ML-04菌株的分离将采集的样本在9K培养基中,37e富集培养10d左右,待培养基颜色变成红棕色,采用梯度稀释法,涂布Fe TSB双层平板培养基,37e培养7d左右,长出单菌落,挑取单菌落在Fe TSB双层平板培养基上连续分离纯化,镜检观察,直至菌体形态一致.记作ML-04.收集ML-04菌体,经革兰氏染色后在光学显微镜下观察并摄影.收集ML-04菌体,涂布在小块盖玻片上,自然晾干后,用导电胶贴于圆形贴片上,喷金后在扫描电镜下观察及摄影.2.2ML-04菌株最适生长温度的测定以相同接种量接种ML-04菌悬液到含8%砷黄铁矿的9K培养基中,分别置于25e、35e、40e、45e、55e五个温度梯度,摇床培养6d,用血球计数板计菌数,以温度为横坐标,以菌数的对数值为纵坐标,绘制ML-04的生长温度)))菌数曲线图.2.3初始pH对ML-04菌株生长的影响以相同接种量接种ML-04菌悬液到含8%砷黄铁矿的9K培养基中,培养基pH值分别用奥力龙828型pH计标定至0.5,1.5,2.5,3.5,4.5,40e摇床培养6d,用血球计数板计菌数,以初始pH为横坐标,以菌数的对数值为纵坐标,绘制ML-04的pH)))菌数曲线图.2.4ML-04菌株生长曲线的绘制接种ML-04菌悬液到含8%砷黄铁矿的9K培养基中,pH2.5,40e条件下摇床培养,转速120r P min,每隔2d用血球计数板计菌数,以培养天数为横坐标,以菌数的对数值为纵坐标,绘制ML-04的生长曲线图.2.5ML-04菌株能源利用特性的研究向基础培养基中分别加入蛋白胨(0.1%)、酵母粉(0.1%)、葡萄糖(0.1%)、硫磺(5%)、硫代硫酸钠(1%)、四硫酸钾(0.3%)、硫酸亚铁(0.1mol P L)和黄铁矿(5%).其中硫代硫酸钠、四硫酸钾、硫酸亚铁过滤除菌后加入培养基,硫磺隔水蒸煮1h灭菌,再加入培养基.以ML-04菌悬液接种,40e摇床培养6d,连续3代移种,在显微镜下涂片观察菌的生长情况,生长者为阳性.2.6ML-04氧化砷黄铁矿的研究接种ML-04菌悬液到含8%砷黄铁矿的9K培养基中,每隔2d测1次培养基中可溶性总铁的量及硫酸根离子的量.总铁的测定用邻二氮菲分光光度法,硫酸根离子的测定用比浊法[8].以溶液中可溶性总铁的量与培养基中矿粉总铁含量的比例为纵坐标,以培养天数为横坐标,绘制铁的氧化率曲线.以溶液中硫酸根离子含量与培养基中矿粉含硫总量的比例为纵坐标,以培养天数为横坐标,绘制硫的氧化率曲线.3结果3.1菌株的分离及形态学观察菌株ML-04的菌落形态为琥珀色同心圆状,直径1~3mm,表面湿润,凸起,光滑(见图1).菌体形态为螺旋状,大小(0.25~0.3)@(1~3L m),革兰氏染色阴性(见图2和图3).3.2ML-04菌株最适生长温度的测定由图4可以看出,ML-04最适生长温度在40e 左右.当培养温度达到55e时,ML-04的菌数迅速下降.3.3初始pH对ML-04菌株生长的影响从图5可见,ML-04菌株生长的最适初始pH为2.5左右.在此pH条件下生长最好.第2期刘缨,等:一株螺旋状铁氧化细菌的分离及特性研究117图1 ML -04菌株的菌落形态照片Fig.1 The Colony of ML -04图2 ML -04菌株的光学显微镜照片(@1000)Fig.2 M icrograph of ML -04图3 ML -04菌株的扫描电镜照片(@15000)Fig.3 Scanning electron micrograp h of ML -04图4 培养温度对ML -04生长的影响Fig.4 Effect of temperature on the growth of ML -04strain图5 初始pH 对ML -04生长的影响Fig.5 Effect of culture media p H on the growth of ML -04strain3.4 ML -04菌株的生长曲线从图6可见,ML -04经过4d 左右的生长延滞期,4~6d 为对数生长期,从第8天以后,菌数增长非常缓慢.图6 ML -04菌株的生长曲线Fig.6 The growth curve of ML -04strain3.5 ML -04能源利用特性的研究由表1可见,ML -04菌株可以利用硫酸亚铁和黄铁矿为能源生长,不能利用硫磺、硫代硫酸盐和四硫酸盐,也不能利用葡萄糖、蛋白胨等有机物.表1 ML -04能源利用特性的研究T ab.1 Energy sources utilization characters of ML -04strai n能源生长情况蛋白胨-酵母粉-葡萄糖-硫磺-硫代硫酸钠-四硫酸钾-硫酸亚铁+黄铁矿+3.6 ML -04菌株对砷黄铁矿中铁和硫的氧化浸出结果ML -04菌株对铁的氧化浸出率见图7.ML -04菌株可以有效浸出砷黄铁矿中的铁,随着培养天数的增加,溶液中总铁的含量不断提高,第18天时,铁的浸出率在90%以上.图7 ML -04菌株对砷黄铁矿中铁的氧化浸出曲线Fig.7 The curve of iron concentration in the extraction ofarsenopyrite by ML -04strain118山 东 大 学 学 报 (理 学 版)第39卷ML -04菌株对砷黄铁矿中硫的氧化浸出率见图8.随着培养天数的增加,溶液中硫酸根的含量不断提高,第18天时,硫的浸出率达80%以上.图8 ML -04菌株对砷黄铁矿中硫的氧化浸出曲线Fig.8 The curve of sul fur concentration in the extraction ofarsenopyrite by ML -04s train4 讨论长期以来,人们一直认为氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Thiabacillus ferrooxidans )在浸矿过程中起主要作用,近些年的研究却发现,钩端螺旋菌属(Leptos pirillum )在浸矿过程中往往起关键作用.和T .ferroo xidans 相比,Leptospirillum 属菌株如氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌(L .ferroo xidans )的氧化还原电势更高,对铁离子的耐受能力更强,生长不受高浓度三价铁离子的抑制.因而,在工业生产中,尤其是在连续反应浸矿系统中,Leptos pirillum 属菌株占微生物种群的主要组分,在浸矿过程中起主导作用[9,10].因此,有关钩端螺旋菌属资源的发掘及其浸矿特性的研究,对微生物浸矿技术的发展和应用具有十分重要的意义.本实验的研究结果表明,ML -04菌株是螺旋状铁氧化细菌.它的最适生长温度40e ,最适生长pH2.5,和Leptos pirillum 属的L .ferrooxidans 一样,既能氧化硫酸亚铁,又能氧化硫化矿物,不能氧化硫磺、硫代硫酸盐及四硫酸盐.不能利用有机物为能源进行生长,属于化能自养型微生物[3,11].ML -04菌株与T .ferroo xidans 和L .ferroo xidans 的比较见表2.铁氧化细菌中的氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌(L .fer -roo xidans )虽然不能直接利用无机硫化物作为能源,但它们在矿物的生物氧化过程中,通过浸出矿物中的铁元素,产生的硫酸铁中间代谢物是一种有效的金属矿物氧化剂,可作用于矿物中的无机硫,将硫元素也浸提出来[12].对ML -04的浸矿实验研究表明,ML -04菌株可有效浸出砷黄铁矿中的铁和硫.因而,该菌株在实际生产中具有潜在的应用价值,有关该菌株更为广泛的浸矿特性研究,本室正在进一步进行中.表2 ML -04菌株与T .f e rrooxidans 和L .f e rrooxidans的比较T ab.2 Characteristics of Strain ML -04,T .ferrooxidans andL .ferrooxidans生理生化特性ML -04L .ferrooxidan T .ferrooxidan s 革兰氏染色G -G -G -菌体形态螺旋状螺旋状杆状菌体大小(L m)0.25~0.3@1~30.2~0.4@1~30.5~1@1~2最适生长温度(e )4037~4030最适生长pH 2.5 1.5~1.8 2.5~3.0生长类型化能自养化能自养化能自养能量来源Fe 2+Fe 2+Fe 2+,S 0参考文献:[1]童雄.微生物浸矿的理论与实践[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1997.[2]杨显万,郭玉霞.生物湿法冶金的回顾与展望[J].云南冶金,2002,31(3):85~88.[3]Rawlings D E.Heavy metal mining using microbes[J].AnnuRev Microbi ol,2002,56:65~91.[4]Johnson D B,Macvicar J H M,Rolfe S.A new solid mediumfor the i solatation and enumeration of Thiabacillus ferrooxidan s and acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria [J].J Microbial M eth -ods,1987,7:9~18.[5]Johnson D B,M cGinness S.A highly efficient and universalsolid medium for growing mesophilic and moderately thermo -philic,iron -oxidizi ng ,acidophilic bacteria [J ].J M icrobial Methods,1991,13:113~122.[6]Silverman M P,Lundgren D G.Studies on the chemoautotro -phic iron rium Ferr obacterium f e rrooxidans I:An improved me -dium and harvesting procedure for securing high cell yields[J].J Bacterial,1959,77:642~647.[7]东秀珠,蔡妙英等.常见细菌系统鉴定手册[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.[8]南京大学5无机及分析化学实验6编写组.无机及分析化学实验(第三版)[M ].北京:高等教育出版社,1998.[9]Rawlings D E,Tributsch H,Hansford G S.Reasons why-Le ptospirillum .-like species rather than Thiobacillus f err ooxi -dans are the dominant iron -oxidizing bacteria in many commer -cial processes for the biooxidati on of pyri te and related ores[J].Microbi ology,1999,145:5~13.(下转第124页)第2期刘 缨,等:一株螺旋状铁氧化细菌的分离及特性研究119点:1、ZAP Express载体具有包括EcoRÑ、NotÑ在内的12个单一酶切位点,可插入0-12kb的DNA片段;2、在克隆位点两侧,含有T3、T7、Lac、C MV等双向启动子满足在原核和真核中表达的条件;3、具有T3、T7等多条测序引物;4、含有Ne o r-Kan r抗性标记便于重组子的筛选;5、构建于该载体上的克隆可用DNA探针或抗体探针筛选;7、由于ZAP E xpress中引入了f1噬菌体的复制其始和终止信号,在得到阳性克隆噬菌斑后,利用辅助噬菌体E xAssist进行超感染,使插入片段连同pB K-C MV从噬菌体DNA上剪切下来,形成噬菌粒,省掉了插入片段从噬菌体DNA到质粒载体上的酶切、连接和转化这一过程,极大方便了在体外对插入DNA片段的亚克隆操作.关于ZAP E xpress更为详尽的讨论见文献[5].利用分离纯化的火菇素的免疫血清对金针菇表达型cDNA文库进行免疫筛选,再对阳性克隆用PC R、限制性内切酶进行酶切、大肠杆菌初步诱导分析,获得了目的基因相关的cDNA片段,进一步的序列分析、鉴定和克隆火菇素基因的工作正在进行之中.参考文献:[1]Komatsu N,T erakawa H,Nakanishi K.Flammulin,a basicprotein of Flammulina velutipes wi th ant-i tumor activities[J].Antibiotics,Ser A,1963,16(3):139~143.[2]Watanabe Y,Nakanishi K,Komaisu N.Flammulin,an ant-itumor substance[J].Bull Chem Soc,Japan,1964,37(5): 747~750.[3]周凯松,彭俊峰,张长铠,等.火菇素提取新工艺及其生物活性研究[J].中国生物化学与分子生物学报, 2003,(2),In press.[4]张龙翔.生化实验方法和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1997.[5]Joseph Sambrook,David W.Russel.分子克隆(第三版)[M].黄培堂,等译.北京:科学出版社,2002.[6]Laemmli UK.Cleavage of structural proteins during the assem-bly of the head of bacteriophage T4[J].Nature,1970,227: 680~685.(编辑:于善清)(上接第119页)[10]Sand W,Rohde K,Sobotke B,et al.Evaluation of Leptospi-rillu m f err ooxidans for leaching[J].Appl Environ Microbiol, 1992,58:85~92.[11]Arthur P,Harrison J.Genomic and physiological diversi tyamongst s trains of Thiobacillus ferrooxidand,and genomic comparison wi th Thiobacillus thioox idans[J].Arch Microbial,1982,131:68~79.[12]Battaglia-Brunet F,d,Hugues P,Cabral T,et al.T he mutu-al effect of mixed Thiobacilli and Leptospirilli populations on pyrite bioleachina[J].Minerals Engineering,1998,11(2): 195~205.(编辑:于善清)124山东大学学报(理学版)第39卷。
基因工程第6章大分子的分离与分析

temperature 0.5%
4℃-30℃
low melting point 4℃
buffer TAE TBE TPE 50mM (pH7.5~8.0)
(colony or plaque)
Colony growth
positive clones two plates (有/无膜)
Replicating
most colony or plaque is recombinants (white color)
DNA release and crosslinking
Southern,Northern,Western,Dot,colony(plaque) Denature(变性)
hot, extreme pH, orgonic agents, urea Annealing(复性)
complementary ss annealing to form ds Hybridization (杂交)
Kit Qiagen corp.
Isolation, purification and detection of RNA
A typical mammal cell: 10-5g RNA,but 80-85% is rRNA(28S,18S,5.8S and or 5S (23S,16S,5S),and 15~20% consist of small RNA(e.g. tRNA,hsRNA etc.).
EDTA:Mg2+,DNase inhibitor
SDS:resolve membrane protein and lipid to break cell membrane; resolve nuclear membrane and nucleosome to release nucleic acid; partially inhibit RNase and DNase; denature protein.
糖蛋白的研究进展

生物技术通报BIOTECHNOLOGY BULLETIN2009年第3期·综述与专论·收稿日期:2008-09-18作者简介:郭慧(1983-),女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:动物分子生物学;E -mail :hupoahui@ 通讯作者:张映(1954-),女,教授,研究方向:动物分子生物学糖蛋白广泛存在于生物体内,具有很多重要功能。
糖蛋白作为细胞信息功能的承担者,既是激素、凝集素、酶、毒素、病毒和细菌等的识别点,又是细胞表面抗原、糖分化抗原和癌发育抗原。
糖蛋白上的糖链好像细胞表面的天线,是细胞相互识别、粘着、信号接收、免疫应答、接触抑制、细胞分化、增殖以及受体功能等的分子基础[1]。
1糖蛋白的结构糖蛋白是由长度较短,带分支的寡糖与多肽链共价连接而形成。
糖蛋白的糖链可以是直链和分支链,糖基数一般1~15个左右,但也有含20个糖基的巨寡糖。
不同糖蛋白分子中,其糖链数目不等,分布亦不均。
如膜糖蛋白的糖链全部分布在暴露于膜外侧面的肽链上,理论上讲,糖链有无数种结构形式[2]。
然而,生物体内有某种限制因素,使实际存在的糖链类型大减,分为两类糖链,即N -连接的糖链和O -连接的糖链。
1.1N -连接的糖链N -糖链根据五糖核心结构(N -连接的糖蛋白链均含此结构)连接其它糖的情况,可分3类:高甘露糖型:寡糖链只含有甘露糖和N -乙酰氨基葡萄糖,而且只有甘露糖连接在五糖核心区上,如卵蛋白。
复杂型:寡糖链除含有甘露糖和N -乙酰氨基葡萄糖外,还有半乳糖、岩藻糖和唾液酸等。
杂合型(混合型):既有高甘露糖链,又有N -乙酰氨基半乳糖链连在五糖核心结构上。
1.2O -连接的糖链O -连接的糖链存在多种形式,其结构共同点是由一个或少数几种单糖与某些含羟氨基酸连接,不存在共有的核心结构。
但在O -乙酰半乳糖胺(O -Gal NAC )连接的糖链中已发现有4种核心结构,研究最多的是粘蛋白血浆蛋白和膜蛋白[3]。
橙色果肉甜瓜_胡萝卜素积累的分子机理

山东农业科学2014,46(5):7 11,30Shandong Agricultural Sciences收稿日期:2014-02-20基金项目:现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS -25)作者简介:赵军林(1989-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为蔬菜种质资源创新与生物技术。
E -mail :zhaojlin2012@163.com *通讯作者,E -mail :xfwang@sdau.edu.cn橙色果肉甜瓜β-胡萝卜素积累的分子机理赵军林,于喜艳,王秀峰*(山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业部黄淮地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,山东泰安271018)摘要:采用HPLC 分别测定了橙色果肉甜瓜Homoka 和对照白色果肉甜瓜M01-3六个发育时期的β-胡萝卜素及叶黄素含量,并对相关基因作了生物信息学及表达分析。
结果表明:随果实发育,橙色甜瓜β-胡萝卜素含量显著升高,在接近成熟时达到积累高峰,成熟时又有所降低;两种甜瓜果实中β-胡萝卜素合成相关基因PSY2、PDS 、ZDS 、LCY -b 的表达量均升高,但橙色甜瓜中PDS 和LCY -b 表达量高于白色甜瓜;β-胡萝卜素的裂解酶基因CCD1在橙色甜瓜中表达下调,而在白色甜瓜中上调。
与白色果肉甜瓜M01-3相比,PDS 、LCY -b 的高表达和CCD1表达的下调可能决定了橙色甜瓜果实中β-胡萝卜素的高积累量。
关键词:甜瓜;果实;β-胡萝卜素;积累中图分类号:Q786文献标识号:A文章编号:1001-4942(2014)05-0007-06Molecular Mechanism of β-Carotene Accumulationin Orange -Fleshed MuskmelonZhao Junlin ,Yu Xiyan ,Wang Xiufeng *(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering ,Shandong Agricultural University /State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology /Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of HorticulturalCrops ,Huanghuai Region ,Ministry of Agriculture ,P.R.China ,Taian 271018,China )AbstractThe HPLC method was used to determine the contents of β-carotene and lutein at six devel-opmental stages in orange -fleshed muskmelon Homoka with white -fleshed muskmelon M01-3as control.And the bioinformatics and expression analyses of related genes were made.The results showed that the con-tent of β-carotene in orange -fleshed muskmelon increased significantly with the development of fruits andreached the accumulation peak when close to maturity ,but declined somewhat in mature fruit.The expression level of genes related to biosynthesis of β-carotene ,PSY2,PDS ,ZDS ,LCY -b ,were all up -regulated in two muskmelon fruits.But the expression quantity of PDS and LCY -b in orange -fleshed muskmelon was higher than that of white -flashed muskmelon.The expression level of lyase gene of β-carotene ,CCD1,de-scended in orange -fleshed muskmelon ,while ascended in white muskmelon.Compared with white -flashed muskmelon ,the high expression level of PDS and LCY -b and down -regulated expression of CCD1possibly determined the high accumulation of β-carotene in orange -fleshed muskmelon fruits.Key words Muskmelon ;Fruit ;β-carotene ;Accumulation 甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)是世界重要的园艺作物,其果实营养丰富、芳香味浓郁、口感良好,深受消费者欢迎。