Misplaced Modifiersppt课件
Dangling or Misplaced Modifiers
SE
• To determine whether the hydroxy group was tertiary, the compound was heated with acetic anhydride.
SWE & SE
• The compound was heated with acetic anhydride to determine whether the hydroxy group was tertiary. • To determine whether the hydroxy group was tertiary, we heated the compound with acetic anhydride.
Why is the first person singular avoided in scientific writing?
Try to figure out the meaning of the following sentence:
• Analysis revealed that Cl and Br were present in appreciable amounts; however, as stated in Part I, I found I only in traces.
Misplaced Modifier
Confusing
• Most people are diagnosed with phenylketonuria at birth.
Repaired
• Most people with phenylketonuria are diagnosed at birth.
Standard Written English (SWE) vs. Scientific English (SE)
英语写作常见错误及改错
英语写作常见错误与分析一．不一致（Disagreements）所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致,时态不一致及代词不一致等．例1．When one have money, he can do what he want to .(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么．)剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has ;同理，want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致．改为：Once one has money, he can do what he wants (to do)另有WE和YOU 上下文混用的问题。
二．修饰语错位（Misplaced Modifiers）英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化．对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解．例１．I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末．三．句子不完整（Sentence Fragments）在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解．可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生．例１．There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on .剖析：本句后半部分＂for example by TV ,rad io ,newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句．改为：There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV , radio ,and newspaper.四．悬垂修饰语（Dangling Modifiers）所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清．例1：At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中＂at the age of ten＂只点出十岁时，但没有说明” 谁”十岁时．按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了．改为：When I was ten, my grandfather died.五．措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题，由于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。
高中英语定语从句讲解ppt课件
They talked of things and persons ___t_h_a_t ____ they remembered in the school.
10
5.当主语是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时， 定 语从句须用that，以免与先行词重复 Who is the boy ___th__at___ was here just now?
21
=when
1. I won’t forget the date on which I was born.
2. This is the room in which I lived. =where
3. I don’t know the reason for which he haven’t
come today. =why
Which is the bike __th_a_t____you lost?
6.当定语从句的谓语动词是be，需要关系代词作表语 时，宜用that
My computer is no longer the machine __th_a_t___it was.
11
只用which的场合
1.介词提到关系代词前时，宜用which。如 for which , on which, in which, of which 等。
7
PartⅡ
通常只能使用that 或which的场合
8
只用that 的场合
1.先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等
All ___t_h_a_t__ we have to do is to practice every day. 2.先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数 词或形容词的最高级修饰时
Misplaced Modifiers
Misplaced ModifiersMisplaced modifiers are words that, because of awkward placement, do not modify the words the writer intends them to. Being out of order, misplaced modifiers change the sense of the sentence and sometimes even make it meaningless or ridiculous.e.g. I nearly earned a hundred dollars last week.Bill yelled at the howling dog in his underwear.I got on a bus that was going to the Ball Park by mistake.The football game was played in our stadium that was full of excitement.Avoid misplaced words as modifiersWords such as “only, nearly, even, hardly, scarcely, just, almost, frequently, often”are frequently misplaced. Normally these words should be put as close as possible to the words they modify and generally before them.Misplaced: I nearly earned a hundred dollars last week.Revised: I earned nearly a hundred dollars last week.Avoid misplaced phrases as modifiersIn a sentence there is no definite position which phrases must always occupy; the best rule to follow is to keep them away from words they are not understood to modify. Sometimes adverbial phrases and clauses can be put at the beginning of sentences in order to avoid confusing.Misplaced: Bill yelled at the howling dog in his underwear.Revised: Bill, in his underwear, yelled at the howling dog.Misplaced: I got on a bus that was going to the Ball Park by mistake.Revised: By mistake, I got on a bus that was going to the Ball Park.Avoid misplaced clauses as modifiersClauses, like phrases, may be placed wherever they seem to fit in a sentence except near the words they may be mistaken to modify.Misplaced: The football game was played in our stadium that was full of excitement.Revised: The football game that was full of excitement was played in our stadium.Exercises:1.I almost sing in the shower every day.2.He only finished his job by the assigned date.3.He told me on Saturday he would leave for Beijing.4.Our teacher showed us our marks with great sorrow.5.I purchased my camera with a flashlight from the Friendship Store.6.Students who study often get good grades.7.He crossed the stream in a canoe, which was recently stocked with fish.8.Mary had to see the doctor, who was suffering from a heart attack.ter in the evening the family trimmed the tree along with a few friends.10.Jack went to the grassland, driving a herd of cattle, on horseback.。
misplaced modifier
George couldn’t drive to work in his small sports car with a broken leg. The sports car had a broken leg?
With a broken leg, George couldn’t drive to work in his small sports car.
The newscaster wearing a bulletproof vest spoke softly into a microphone.
The crowd watched the tennis players with swiveling heads.
With swiveling heads, the crowd watched the tennis players.
The speaker discussed the problems of crowed prisons at the college.
At the college, the speaker discussed the problems of crowed prisons.
Thank
you!
32.Misplaced Modifiers 修饰语错位
Misplaced modifiers are words that, because of awkward placement, do not describe what the writer intended them to describe. A misplaced modifier can make sentence confusing or unintentionally funny. To avoid this, place words as close as possible to what they describe.
新概念三语法精讲三四替代与省略ppt课件
A. he has doubted
B. he doubts
C. did he doubt
13
测试精编
I．选择正确选项： 1. Not until the mid-nineteenth-century discovery of vast deposits of borate's in
the Majave Desert ________ relatively common. A. borax became B. did borax become C. and borax become D. borax's becoming
他要是明天来的话，他会帮我们解决这个问题的。 8．百分特例重点：
Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want. （NCE Book III Lesson 26） 尽管我们为自己的绝好鉴赏力感到自豪，但我们已经无法自由地选择我们所 需要的东西了。
•
— Will he come back in time?
•
— Perhaps.（省略了he will come back in time.)
3
测试精编 • I．选择正确答案：
1. — Shall I wake you up tomorrow? — Yes, ________ .
A._____ a promise, but he also kept it.
A. did he made
B. he made
C. did he make
D. he makes
定语从句经典完整版PPT课件
作定从的原因状语
3. why 指原因,在从句中表示"因为... 原因"=for which
I disappro先ve行th词e为reraesaosnosn_A_D__ he came up with.
A. that B. why C. for which D. / 因此先行词虽然为reason,但如果连接 词在从句中作主语或者宾语,则只能用
can fly.
A plane is a machine the machine can fly.
A plane is
can fly.
a machine that /which
关系代词实际上是先行词的复 指,that/which代指先行词machine。
第6页/共94页
Think and conclude
(1)
(2)
He gave a reason. people like music for the reason.
=for which =why
他给了一个（人们喜欢音乐的）原因。
第23页/共94页
3. I he
don't looks
know the unhappy.
reasoBnC____
A. that B. why C. for which D. /
A. who B.作w定hi从ch的C主. 语w/h宾e语re D.
英语常见结构错误
常见结构错误（Common Errors）1. Run-on sentence2. Fragmentary Sentences3. Faulty parallelism4. Misplaced Modifiers5. Dangling modifiersRun-on sentence串句A Run-On sentence incorrectly runs together two independent clauses without aconjunction or punctuation.串句就是错误地将两个独立的分句（两套独立的主谓结构）串在一起，不用连词或标点，误将两个串在一起的句子当成一个句子。
串句有两种形式：一种是用逗号隔开，也叫“逗号误接句（comma splices）”即以一个逗号把两个独立的句子连接起来。
另一种什么标点符号都没有使用。
修改串句有四种方法：a) 用句号将其分成两个句子，即在两个意思之间插入句号和大写字母b) 用并列连词（and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet）连接两个句子，连词之前加逗号c)用分号连接两个句子d) 用从属连词把一个分句化为从句，修饰或限定主句。
注意：在校正这类型的错误时，首先要分清每句的主语、谓语和宾语，其次要弄清两句中间的副词或副词词组属于哪句，最后分开串句。
如：The local tire plant shut down for the holiday as a result everyone had two weeks off.要选择最佳的方法修改串句，首先选逗号加并列连词，用于两句之间有逻辑关系的句子；其次选择分号，用于两句中有表示连接关系的副词或副词词组时或后句是前句的说明时；最后考虑句号，用于两句没有逻辑关系或角度表化等情况。
1.The exam was postponed the class was canceled as well.2.I took lots of vitamin C however, I still came down with the flu.3.Rita dicided to stop smoking she didn't want to die of lang cancer.构成句子的基本条件一是在书写上表现为大写字母开头句号结尾；二是在结构上表现为在大写字母和句号之间要有完整的主谓结构，且每一个单词或短语在句子中都有自己的归属；三是在意义上必须是完整的。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
.
Misplaced Modifiers
Misplaced Adverbial Modifiers ---- the horse he was brushing conscientiously bit him. ---- the fish Dad caught joyously expired on the deck. ---- I nearly drank two quarts during the afternoon. ----Glenda, with a kleenex in each hand, treated the runny noses.
.
Misplaced Modifiers
Practice 1. Consider the placement of the italicized modifier in each of the following
sentences. If the modifier is misplaced, write an M in the blank to the left. 2. 1)__ we found a campground that afternoon that had a vacancy. 3. __ we found a campground that had a vacancy that afternoon. 4. 2)__ he said yesterday morning the breakfast was a success. 5. __ he said the breakfast yesterday morning was a success. 6. 3)__ I nearly climbed to the top before I slipped and fell. 7. __ I climbed nearly to the top before I slipped and fell. 8. 4)__ the geranium she had faithfully watered turned yellow and died. 9. __ the geranium she had watered faithfully turned yellow and died. 10. 5) __the man saved the little girl with a bushy, black beard. 11. __ the man with a bushy, black beard saved the little girl.
Misplaced Modifie ---- the Alps attract climbers with sheer stone faces. ---- she laughed as John raged with delight.
1) The horse he was conscientiously brushing bit him. 2) The fish Dad joyously caught expired on the deck. 3) I drank nearly two quarts during the afternoon. 4) With a kleenex in each hand, Glenda treated the runny noses.
.
Misplaced Modifiers
Practice 1. Consider the placement of the italicized modifier in each of the following
sentences. If the modifier is misplaced, write an M in the blank to the left. 2. 6)__as we agreed, it is time to dissolve the partnership. 3. __ it, as we agreed, is time to dissolve the partnership. 4. 7)__ I saved only enough money for bus fare. 5. __ I only saved enough money for bus fare. 6. 8) __ she could have guessed what he was doing with some imagination. 7. __ with some imagination she could have guessed what he was doing. 8. 9) __ the fireman who had red suspenders rescued my kitten. 9. __ the fireman rescued my kitten who had red suspenders. 10. 10) __ having nothing better to do, Sally purchased a canary. 11. __ Sally purchased, having nothing better to do, a canary.