4K - Startup and Commissioning试运行
JLXM立磨减速机使用维护说明书
Inspection windows on the reducer are used for checking only. It is forbidden for any person entering the reducer through them.
只能由具有相应资格的专业人员进行安装、检修。 Maintenance work is done only by qualified workers. 2．重要性 Significance 潜在危险 Potential hazard:
进入设备工作区必须穿戴相应的防滑、防碰撞的保护用具。 Wear antislipping and anticollission articles when entering into working area. 裸露运转部位（如膜片联轴器等）必须加装防护罩。 Bare rotating parts(such as coupling, etc.) must be equipped with guard. 减速机上的观察孔仅供观察用，严禁人员通过观察孔进入减速机内。
减速机机房的建筑标准主要取决于当地情况和气候条件。要考虑出现最低的环境温度和 整个粉磨车间所容许的最大噪音，特别要考虑防止粉尘直接沉积在减速机上，机房应有足够 的检修场地，为的是方便日后的大修工作。
Gear reducer house is constructed mainly depending on the local actual condition and weather condition. Consideration shall be given to lowest ambient temperature and allowable max. noise present in the whole milling plant, particularly to the fact that dust shall not be directly deposited on the gear reducer. Sufficient room should be kept for maintenance in the house to facilitate the expected turnaround.
Introduction to Process Plant Start-up & Commissioning
The Commissioning Process Detail - 2
Preparation and planning Mechanical Completion and Integrity checking Pre-commissioning & Operational Testing Start Up & Initial Operation Performance and Acceptance testing Post Commissioning
Start up and Performance testing
Post commissioning
Commissioning in practice
Progressive mechanical completion and concurrent commissioning creates challenges: Coordination and planning Safety and risk Isolation Testing Integration into operating plant
The Commissioning Process Detail - 1
Preparation and planning Mechanical Completion and Integrity checking Pre-commissioning & Operational Testing Start Up & Initial Operation Performance and Acceptance testing Post Commissioning
From plant on-stream to settled ondown and in regular production; Adjustments, modifications and fault correction; Completion of outstanding punchlist items
QSY GDJ 0356-2012 天然气管道试运投产技术规范
Q/SY GDJ 0356—2012 附录 A（资料性附录） 附录 B（资料性附录） 附录 C（资料性附录） 试运投产期间工艺计算............................................. 8 试运投产方案的编制范本.......................................... 13 置换最低流速计算 ...........ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้................................... 16
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注氮作业 .......................................................................... 3 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 站场（含阀室）的隔离 .......................................................... 注氮置换的准备 ................................................................ 注氮置换的基本要求 ............................................................ 注氮工艺 ...................................................................... 4 4 4 4
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天然气置换作业 .................................................................... 5 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 确认气质 ...................................................................... 置换方式 ...................................................................... 置换要求 ...................................................................... 置换界面检测 .................................................................. 置换最低流速 .................................................................. 5 5 5 5 5
锅炉的安装调试步骤及流程解析
锅炉的安装调试步骤及流程解析Boiler Installation and Commissioning ProcessInstalling and commissioning a boiler is a crucial step to ensure its proper functioning and safety. The process involves several steps that need to be followed carefully. Here is a general outline of the boiler installation and commissioning process:1. Pre-installation preparations:- Determine the suitable location for the boiler installation, considering factors such as ventilation, accessibility, and safety.- Ensure that all necessary permits and approvals are obtained.- Prepare the site by clearing any obstructions and making necessary arrangements for utility connections.2. Boiler installation:- Carefully position the boiler at the designated location, ensuring it is level and stable.- Connect the necessary pipes, valves, and fittings according to the manufacturer's instructions.- Install the flue system properly, ensuring it meets the required standards and regulations.- Make electrical connections and ensure proper grounding.3. Boiler water and fuel system:- Fill the boiler with the appropriate amount of water, following the manufacturer's guidelines.- Install and connect the fuel supply system, ensuring proper functioning and safety measures.4. Boiler startup and commissioning:- Perform a thorough inspection of the entire system, checking for any leaks, loose connections, or abnormalities.- Ensure all safety devices, controls, and interlocks are functioning correctly.- Gradually start the boiler, following the recommended startup procedure.- Monitor and adjust the boiler parameters, such as water level, pressure, and combustion efficiency, to ensure optimal performance.- Conduct performance tests to verify the boiler's efficiency and compliance with regulations.5. Documentation and handover:- Maintain detailed records of the installation and commissioning process, including any adjustments or modifications made.- Provide the necessary documentation, such as operation manuals, maintenance schedules, and certificates of compliance.- Conduct a final inspection and handover of the boiler to the owner or operator.中文回答：锅炉安装调试流程锅炉的安装和调试是确保其正常运行和安全性的关键步骤。
火力发电建设工程启动试运行及验收规程(征求意见稿)
3.0.3机组升压站及厂用电系统受电前和进入整套启动试运前，应经过电力建设质量监督机构的监督认可。
参与本工程建设项目的各组织，包括设计单位、施工单位、调试单位、监理单位等。
2.0.6 设计单位
the design organization
本工程建设项目的主体设计合同单位。
2.0.7 施工单位
the installation organization
本工程建设项目主体施工合同单位。
2.0.8 调试单位
2.0.12 工程主管单位
the organization in charge of this constructionproject
工程主管单位一般是指本工程建设项目投资的独资公司或控股公司或董事会。
2.0.13 整套启动
initialtrial startup and operation of the whole unit
由投资方设立、代表投资方管理或运营本工程的组织（公司或项目部）。
2.0.4 生产单位
theproductionorganization
由建设单位设立，对本工程的生产准备及运行负责的组织。
2.0.5 参建单位
Organizations taking part in theconstructionaffairs
1）单机/体试运是设备安装完成后为检验其功能是否满足其设计要求的单台辅机的试运行；
2）分系统试运是单机/体试运合格后为检验与之相应的各设备和系统是否满足设计要求的联合试运行。
热工自动化常用英文缩写词分解
热工自动化常用英文缩写词ABC Automatic boiler control 锅炉自动控制AC Alternating current 交流（电）ACC Automatic combustion control 燃烧自动控制ACP Auxiliary control panel 辅助控制盘ACS Automatic control system 自动控制系统ACT actuator 执行机构A/D Analog /digital(conversion) 模/数（转换）ADP Annunciation display panel 报警显示板AEH Analog electro- 模拟式电液调节AFC Air flow control `送风控制AGC Automatic generation control 自动发电量控制AI Analog input 模拟量输入A/M Automatic/manful 自动/手动AO Analog output 模拟量输入APC Automatic plant control 电厂自动控制ASS Automatic synchronized system 自动同期系统ARP Auxiliary relay panel 辅助继电器盘BCS Burner control system 燃烧器控制系统ATC Automatic turbine startup or shutdown control system 汽轮机自启停系统BF Boiler follow 锅炉跟踪BFC Boiler fuel control 锅炉燃料控制BPS By-pass control system 旁路控制系统CCR Central control room 单元（中央）控制室BTG Boiler turbine generator(panel) 锅炉、汽轮机、发电机（控制盘）CHS Coal handing system 输煤控制系统CJC Cold junction compensator 冷端补偿器CPU Central processing unit 中央处理器CRT Cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管屏幕显示器D/A Digital/analog(conversion) 数/模（转换）DC Direct current 直流（电）DAS Data acquisition system 计算机监视系统或数据采集系统DDC Direct digital control 直接数字控制DCE Data circuit-terminating equipment 数据电路终端设备DMP Damper 挡板、风门DCS Distributed control system 分散控制系统DDP Distributed data processing 分散数据处理DEH Digital electro-hydraulic control system 数字式电液控制系统DI Digital input 数字量输入DO Digital output 数字量输出DSB Distributed switch-board 配电盘DTE Data terminal equipment 数据中端设备EEPROM Electrically-erasable programmable read only memory 电可擦写只读存储器E/P Electro/pneumatic(converter) 电/气（转换器）ES Expert system 专家系统EPROM Electrically programmable read only memory 电可编程只读存储器ETS Emergency trip system 紧急停机系统EWS Engineer wok station 工程师工作站FA Full arc 全周进汽FSSS Furnace safeguard supervisory system 锅炉炉膛安全监控系统FB Field bus 现场总线FCB Fast cut back （机组）快速甩负荷FDC Furnace draft control 炉膛压力控制FSS Furnace safety system 炉膛安全系统GV Governor valve 调节阀门HBP High-pressure by-pass valve 高压旁路I&C Instrumentation &control 仪表与控制INT Interlock 连锁I/O Input/output 输入/输出IDP Integrated data processing 集中数据处理KB Keyboard 键盘LBP Low-pressure by-pass valve 低压旁路LCD Liquid-crystal display 液晶显示器LED Light emitting diode 发光二极管LS Limit switch 限位开关LS Level switch 液位开关M/A Manual/automatic 手动/自动MAX Maximum 最大值MCC Motor control center 电动机控制中心MCR Maximum continuous rating 最大连续运行负荷MCS Modulating control system 模拟量控制系统MFT Master fuel trip 总燃料跳闸MEH (BFTP)micro-electro-hydraulic control system （锅炉给水泵汽轮机）电液控制系统MHC Mechanical hydraulic control 机械液压式控制MIN Minimum 最小值MIS Management information system 管理信息系统NC Normally Closed 常闭MTBF Mean time between failures 平均无故障工作时间NO Normally open 常开MTTF Mean time to failure 失效（故障）前平均工作时间OEI Optic electric interface 光电接口MTTR Mean time to repair 平均故障修复时间OCS On-off control system 开关量控制系统OFT Oil fuel trip 燃油跳闸OPC Overspend protection CONTROL 超速保护控制OS Operator station 操作员站PA Partial arc 部分进汽PC Programmable controller 可编程控制器PCS Pulverize control system 磨煤机控制系统PI Purse input 脉冲量输入PID Proportional integral derivative 比例-积分-微分PLC Programmable logic controller 可编程序逻辑控制器PO Pulse output 脉冲量输出RAM Random access memory随机存取存储器RB Run back （辅机故障）快速甩负荷ROM Read only memory 只读存储器RTC Reheat steam temperature control 再热气温控制SBC Soot blower control system 吹灰控制系统SCM Single chip microcomputer 单片机SCS Sequence control system 顺序控制系统SER Sequence events recorder 事件顺序记录仪SOE Sequence of events 事件顺序记录ST Smart transmitter 智能变送器STC Superheated steam temperature control 过热气温控制TF Turbine follow 汽轮机跟踪TAS Turbine automatic system 汽轮机自动控制系统TBP Turbine by-pass system 汽轮机旁路系统TCS Turbine control system 汽轮机控制系统TSI Turbine supervisory instrument 汽轮机监视仪表UCC Unit coordinated control 机组协调控制ULD Unit load demand(command) 机组负荷指令UPS Uninterrupted power system 不间断电源WTS Water treatment contra system 水处理控制系统电厂设备用英语acid cleaning 酸洗interstate leakage 级间漏汽coal bunker 原煤斗intervention/disturbing/bump 扰动excess air 过量空气inverter 转换开关induced draft fan 引风机isolate 相互隔离steam drum 汽包item 物品、元件sub-distribution transformer低压厂用变journal bearing 支持轴承6kv station board 6KV公用配电屏6kv unit board 6KV配电屏kilo-volt 千伏low pressure cylinder/casing(LP) 低压缸A: ampere 安培adapter 转接器、接头、large scale integrate circuit 大规模集成电路actuator 执行机构LED 发光二极管light/ignite 点火air circuit breaker 空气断路器air dry 分析基linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) 线性差动变压器linearization 线性化air preheated 空气预热器liquid 液态air-insulated 空气绝缘的live steam 主蒸汽algorithms 算法load tap-changing 有载调压的alignment 平直度log 记录、日志alteration 改造longitudinal 纵向的alternating current 交流电lug 吊耳ammonia 氨major pant item 主要辅机amplitude 幅度making current 关合电流analogue 模拟量malfunction 误动作Analogue to Digital conversion 模数转换mechanism 操作机构annex 附属部分medium 媒介、介质annular 环状的membrane panel/wall 膜式壁enunciator 报警器micro governor 微型调速器anthracite 无烟煤mill 铁素体apex 顶点mill volt 毫伏archive buffer 文件缓冲器Mimic 模拟图armature 电枢MMC: motor control center 电动机控制中心ash 灰分as received 应用基Modulation 调节、调制modulation-demodulation 调制解调ASM 模拟子模块moisture 水分Temperature 减温器monitor mode 监控方式Automatic Boiler Controls 锅炉自动控制monitoring 监测monitor/monitor unit 监控器monoxide 一氧化碳autonomous 独立存在的automatic control system 自动控制系统auxiliary 辅助的axial 轴向的motor starter 电动机启动装置motor-operated 电动操纵的back-up 备用moving blades/ balding 动叶片bar 条形multiform root 叉型叶根barograph 条形图Multi Function Process(MFP) 多功能处理器natural gas 天然气batch 成组的、成批的MVA: mega volt-ampere 兆伏安baud rate 波特率bay 隔间natural/thermal circulation 自然循环bearing house 轴承座network 电网bearing pad 轴瓦neutral point 中性点binary 二进制的nitrogen 氮binary cell 二进制单元node 节点binary counter 二进制计数器notch V形凹槽bit 比特、位ohm 欧姆bituminous 烟煤oil 石油blank 毛胚open loop 开环blow/purge 吹扫open-cycle 开环lowdown pipe 排污管operation 运行/操作boil 沸腾operation condition 运行工况boiler/steam generator 锅炉optimum control 最优控制Boil out 煮炉order polynomial 多项式breaking current 开断电流orientation 定位brown coal/lignite 褐煤outage 停运bubble 汽泡outdoor 户外的burner 燃烧器outer casing 外缸bus interface module(BIM) 总线接口模块overhaul 大修bulbar/bus 母线overhead 架空的cable 电缆overhead transmission line 架空输电线calibration 检验overview 全貌、总的看法capacitance 电容oxidized condition/atmosphere 氧化气氛oxygen 氧capacitive current 电容电流capacitor 电容器palm terminal 星型capacity 容量panel 配电盘、屏、板carbon 碳parallel interface 并行接口cast resin transformer 树脂浇注变压器pedestal 轴承座casting 锻造pedestal 轴承座centerline 中心线peer 同类的central control room (CCR) 集控室permanent 长久的channel 通道、信道permanent magnet 永久磁铁character 符号字符permeability 磁导率charger 充电器PF burner/pulverized fuel burner 煤粉燃烧器circular 圆形的chronological 按时间顺序的phase change 相变circuit breaker 断路器photo-electric 光电pick-ups 采样器circumferential 周围的pipe 管道pilot exciter 副励磁机clearance 间隙closed loop 闭环plane 平面coal 煤plant-loop 厂环coal feeder 给煤机pneumatic pilot valve 启动控制阀coil 线圈power plant 电厂cold junction compensation 冷端补偿collar 轴环power station （水）电站power supplies 电源Commission 试运行pressure 压力commissioning operation 试运行pressure meter 压力表pressure firing 正压燃烧common service system 公用系统compatibility 兼容性、相容性probe 探针compatible 能共存的、兼容的Process Control Unit (PCU) 过程处理单元complete functional set 全功能组件condensate 凝结concentricity 中心度、同心度conductance 导纳programmable logic controller(PLC) 可编程逻辑控制器prolong outage 长期停机programmable read only memory(PROM) 可编程只读存储器conductor 导体conductibility 电导率provision 备用proximate analysis 工业分析protection and trip 保护和跳闸cone 锥体configure 组态PT: potential /voltage transformer 电压互感器pulverize/mill 磨煤机conical 圆锥形的push button 按钮connected in star 星型连接push contact 按钮触点consumption 消耗pushbutton 按钮control accuracy 控制精度pyramid 锥体control action 控制作用quality 质量control and instrumentation(C&I) 控制仪表系统quench 灭弧control button(knob) 控制按钮radial 半径的、辐射状的control console(desk) 控制台controller 控制器Rotor 转子reactance 电抗convection pass 对流烟道coupling 联轴器reaction turbine 反动式汽轮机cooling fin 散热片converter 变送器rear end 后端、末端coordination control system(CCS) 协调控制系统core 铁芯rectify 整流redundancy 冗余的reducing condition/atmosphere 还原气氛redundancy bit 冗余位creep 蠕变redundancy testing 冗余测试crack/cracking 裂纹critical pressure 临界压力reheated 再热器CT :current transformer 电流互感器cylinder 汽缸reserve 备用resolution 分辨率cylindrical 圆柱形的reliability 可靠性reverse video 反相显示D.C. resistance 直流电阻desecrator（D.A）除氧器roof tube 顶棚管decimal 十进制的root 叶根saturated water 饱和水dematerialized water 除盐水rotor 转子RTD 热电阻diaphragm 隔板stator 定子density 密度dielectric 不导电的、绝缘的digit signal 数字信号screw 螺钉digit display 数字显示scheme: system 系统resistance 电阻dimension 尺寸search coil 控制线圈diode 二极管semiconductor 半导体discrete 不连续的serpentine tube 蛇形管directed forced-oil and forced-air cooled(ODAF) serial access 串行存取cubical 机柜disconnected 隔离开关serial interface 串（行接）口roll 毛胚distribute control system(DCS) 分散控制系统shadow 跟随distribution 配电shaft 轴diverter 分压器shroud/shrouding 围带division wall 分隔墙shunt 使分流double shell structure 双层缸结构shut down 停机side wall 侧墙double-flow 双向流动dowel 销钉signal conditioning 信号调节drain pipe 疏水管silicon 硅Drain 疏水single-flow 单向流动dry 干燥基slave module 子模块dry and ash free 可燃基Slipping 滑环dry -core cable 干式电缆Solenoid 电磁dual 双重的solid 固态duct 风道soot blower 吹灰器dump 转存sophisticated 高级的、先进的duodecimal 十二进制square root 平方根duplicate 复制的、备用的stabilization 稳定性duration 持续时间start up 启动dynamic stability 动稳定eccentricity 偏心度start up/standby transformer 启/备变state-of the-art 有目前发展水平的economizer 省煤器stationary blades/ balding 静叶片ECR: economic continuous rating 额定负荷stator frame 定子机座eddy current proximity detector 电涡流式检测器steady-state 稳态EHV :extra-high voltage 超高压steam air header 蒸汽热风器electric pressure converter 电压转换器steam/water vapor 水蒸气electrical equipment/apparatus 电气设备steam-water -mixture 汽水混合物electro-hydraulic 电动液压的stop/emergency valve 截止阀emergency 紧急的stress 应力energy 能量stud/stub 管接头engineering unit 工程单位sub system 子系统error checking and recovery 错误检验和恢复sub bituminous 次烟煤error detector 错误指示器sub cooled water 过冷水error rate 误差率substation 变电站evaluate 求出的数量suction firing 负压燃烧evaporate 蒸发suite 一组exception report 例外报告sulfur/sculpture 硫excite 励磁sculpture hex fluoride 六氟化硫exciter 励磁机superconductor 超导体expansion 膨胀superheated 过热器expansion tank 油枕supervise 监督管理extinction 熄灭、灭火surge 浪涌facial/fascia 仪器仪表板surge diverter 避雷器facility 设备、工具switch block 开关组fatigue 疲劳、软化switch cabinet 开关柜feed back 反馈switcher 开关feeder speed 给煤机转速信号Switchgear 开关柜finish 光洁度symmetry 对称度fir-tree root 枞树形叶根synchronization 并网fixed carbon 固定碳tap 分接头flow meter 流量计tapping winding 分接头绕组flow rate 流量temperature 温度flue 烟道tendon 榫头flue gas 烟气terminal 终端、端子forced draft fan 鼓风机terminal box 端子箱、出线盒forced/pumped circulation 强迫循环terminal device 终端设备forging 铣制the bottom half 下半部forced-oil and forced-air cooled(OFAF) the action of a magnetic field 磁场作用fossil fuel 化石燃料the control room 控制室frame 机座the dew point temperature 露点free standing 独立的the front pedestal 操作台front/rear wall 前/后墙the horizontal joint 水平接合面fuel /flue 燃料/烟道the operations panel 控制屏furnace 炉膛the top half 上半部furnace tube 水冷壁thermal efficiency 热效率fuse 熔断器thermal power plant 热电厂galvanic isolation 绝缘thermal stress analysis 热应力分析gas air header 烟气热风器thermocouple 热电偶gaseous 气态thermocouple 热电偶thermodynamic instrumentation 热工仪表gauge glass 水位计generator 发电机thrust bearing 推力轴承generator transformer 主变tip 叶顶gland segment/packing 汽封片token 令牌governing valve 铸造tolerance 公差governor 调速器transformer 变压器gravity 重力transmitter 变送器grid 电网transport 传送、运输ground coal /pulverized fuel 粉状燃料tube 管子transverse 横向的harmonious 协调的trap 阻波器header 联箱trip 切除、切断、脱扣heat 热量/加热hexadecimal 十六进制tube bundle 管排hierarchical 分层（级）的tube seat 管座high pressure cylinder/casing(HP) 高压缸tube sheet 管板horizontal 水平的tubular 管形的hydraulic power plant 水电站turbine 汽轮机hydrazine 联氨turbine supervisory instrument(TIS) 汽机监视仪表hydrogen 氢turning gear 盘车装置hydrostatic test 水压实验two-tier terminals 双列端子排igniter 点火器ultimate analysis 元素分析impeller/wheel/disk 叶轮Uniform :the same 相同的impulse turbine 冲动式汽轮机Uninterruptible power supply(UPS) 不断电电源V: volt 伏特indoor 户内的impulse withstand voltage 冲击耐受电压unit transformer 厂用变utility boiler 公用锅炉inductance 感抗inductive 感应的vacuum contactor 真空断路器inductive current 电感电流Vane 导叶industrial boiler 工业锅炉Vertical 垂直的I inner casing 内缸Via 经由INNIS 网络接口子模块Vibration 振动instrument 测试仪表visual (inquiry)display terminal 直观显示终端instrument board 仪器盘W: watt 瓦特visual communication 可视通讯instrument correction 仪表校正visual display unit (VDU) 直观显示元件instrument range 仪表量程visual frequency 视频instrument sensitivity 仪表灵敏度visual scanner 视像扫描器instrument terminal 端子、接线柱volatile 挥发分insulator 绝缘子volt free contact 电压自由触点integration 使完整interconnection 相互water 水interface 接口water level 水位interlock 联锁wet-steam 湿蒸汽interlocking contact 联锁触点wind box 风箱interlocking signal 联锁信号winding 绕组I interlocking switch system 联锁开关系统workhouse 模块intermediate pressure cylinder/casing(IP) 中压缸Zenger diode 齐纳二极管internally 内部的zigzag rod Z型拉筋interruption 开断300MW（INFI-90DCS）发电机组英汉信息对照表ACCEL RATE 升速率 ALARM LIMIT 报警值AIR 空气 ALL FUEL（燃料）OFF 全燃料丧失AIR FLOW 总风量 AH SEAL FAN 空气预热密封风机AIR PREHEATER（APHET、AIRPH）空气预热器 AUX STEAM 辅汽A/M 自动/手动状态 AUX AIR 辅助风系统APHET 1 MAIN MTR STOPD 空预主马达停 AIR＆GAS FORM1 烟气参数1AIR/FLUE 烟风系统 APHET AUX MTR RUNNING辅马达运行ALARM SUMMARY 报警概要 ALARM 报警BAD 坏的，严重的 BLR HEAT 锅炉炉底加热BEARING 轴承 BOTH AH STOP TRIP 两台空预器全跳BEARING VIBRATION 轴承振动 BOILER DISPLAY 锅炉BEARING METAL TEMP HIGH轴温高 BOILER BLOWDOWN 疏水BOTH FD FANS TRIP 两侧送风机跳 BOTH ID FANS TRIP 两侧引风机跳BEARING DRAIN TEMP HIGH轴回油温高 BOILER MANUAL TRIP 手动跳炉BFWP STEAM 小机蒸汽系统 BFWP TEMP 小机温度BLR FOLLOW 炉跟随 BMS 锅炉燃烧器管理系统BMS POWER FALL BMS电源失去 BOILER（BLR）锅炉BOILER AIR FLOW<20% 总风量低于20% BOILER FEED WATER 给水系统CCS 机炉协调控制系统 CONDENSER COOLING WATER循环水系统COMBINE 联合、结合 COMMON UPS 公用UPSCONDENSATE 凝结水系统 CONDITION 条件，环境CHECK STARTUP PERMISSIVES 检查启动允许 CHECK 检查CURRENT（CUR）电流 CHEST 缸，柜，箱CIRCULATING WATER 冷却水系统 STEAM CHEST 汽缸COOL 凉爽、使冷却 COMPRESSED AIR 压缩空气COOLING FAN 1 STOPPED 冷却风机停 CONDENSER 冷凝器、电容器COMPLETE 完成 CONDENSER VACUUM 凝结器真空COND VAC 真空 CRT 显示器CORNER 角 CTL NO STOP POWER 控制不停电电源CORNER 1 TRIP CONDITION 角1跳条件 CTRL 110V DC POWER 110V直流COMPRESSED AIR 压缩空气 CTRL 220V DC POWER 220V直流COMMON PROCESS 油系统 COAL A 煤层ACOAL FEEDER CONTROL 给粉机控制 COAL FIRING PERM 投煤允许DAMPER（DMPRS）阻尼、挡板 DIFFERENTIAL 差别，微分DCS 分散控制系统 DIFFERENTIAL EXPAN 胀差DEA PRESS 除氧器压力 DI OR DO MODULE BAD QUALITY信号质量坏DEA LEVLE 除氧器水位 DEA INPUT CD WTA FLOW除氧器入口凝结水流量DRUM LEVEL HIGH 汽包水位高 DRUM LEVEL LOW 汽包水位低DEA WAT BOX T 除氧器水箱水温 DEH 数字电液控制系统DESIRED 渴望的、想得到的 DETECTOR 发现者、检测FLAME DETECTOR COOL AIR OK 火检冷却风OKECCENTRICITY 偏心 EXHAUST 抽汽、排汽ECCENTRICITY HIGH 偏心高 EXCIT（EXCITATION）励磁、激励ECON 经济的、省煤的 EXPANSION 膨胀，扩充ECON IN GAS T 省煤器入口烟温 EXTRACT 抽出、拔出EHC OIL 抗燃油 EHC OIL TEMPERATURE 抗燃油油温EHC OIL PRESSURE 抗燃油压力 ELE 电气ELEV 层 ELEV TRIP CONDITION 层跳条件ELEV FIRING PERM 层点火允许 ENERGY 能量ENTHALPY 焓值 FW FLOW 给水流量FEED WATER（FW）给水 FLAME 燃烧、火焰FW TEMP 给水温度 FORM FOR ELEC 电气参数FURNACE PRESS HIGH 炉膛压力高 FSSS 炉膛安全监控系统FURNACE PRESS LOW 炉膛压力低 FILTER DP HIGH 滤网差压高FAULT 故障 FIRING 点火FILTER 滤网 FD FAN （FDF）送风机GAS 气体、烟气 GENERATOR OVERVIEW 密封油GAS O2 烟气含氧量 HP HEATER（HPH）高加GENERATOR COOLING WATER 内冷水 GENERATOR（GEN）发电机GEN-TRS GROUP AND EXCIT发变组及励磁 GEN EXCIT CUR（DC）励磁电流GEN EXCIT V（DC）励磁电压 GEN BREAKER OPEN 发电机主开关断开GEN FRQ 发电机频率 GUN 枪、炮、油门GEN ACT PWR 发电机负荷 OIL GUN IN 油枪进GEN WATTLESS PWR 发电机无功 GEN STATOR PHA A CUR 定子A相电流HEADER HP 高压缸 HEATER 加热器HEAT SOAK RANGE 暖机 HPH 1 IN FW T 1#高加入口水温HELP 帮助 HPU PUMP CONTROL 抗燃油泵控制HIGH TEMP 温度高 HYDRAULIC 水力的，水压的HPIC INN WALL 高压内上缸内壁调节级后 HYDRAULIC PRESSURE 水压HPIC OUT WALL 高压内上缸外壁调节级后 HYDRAULIC TEMP 水温HPIB INN WALL 高压内下缸内壁调节级后 HYDROGEN 氢HPIB OUT WALL 高压内下缸外壁调节级后 HI V PLANT POWER 高厂变ID FAN （IDF）引风机 INHIBITION 延迟、组滞、间隔IF TURBINE TRIPS TEST PASSED如果汽机跳闸，则试验通过IP 中压缸 INLOCK 连锁AP1 INLOCK 1#空预器连锁 IGNITION 点火、点燃INITIAL STM PRESS 主汽压力 KEYSWITCH 按键开关、钥匙LP HEATER 低加 LUBRICATING 润滑的LP 低压缸 AIR/FLUE 烟风系统 LUBRICATING OIL 润滑油LOW TEMP 温度低 LUBRICATION 润滑LOSS OF FLAME DETECTOR COOL AIR火检冷却风失去 LOCK 锁、锁住LUBRICATION OIL PRESSURE 润滑油压 LUBRICATION OIL TEMP 润滑油温LOSS OF PRIMARY AIR FANS 一次风失去 LUB OIL PUMP 润滑油泵LOSS OF FLAME 燃烧下降、火监丧失 LUB OIL PUMP 1 STPD #1润滑油泵停LOCAL 就地 LOCAL POWER NOT OK 就地电源故障MAIN MENU 主画面 METAL 金属MASTER PRESS SET 主汽压设定 MFT（MASTR FUEL TRIP ）主燃料跳闸MANUAL 手动 MISS 出错MANUAL MODE 手动方式 MTR（MOTOR）电动机、马达NORMAL 正规、正常、标准 NOZZLE VALVES FAULT 燃烧器阀门故障O2 CONTROL 氧量控制 OPC 汽轮机超速保护OIL SUPPLY 供油 OVERSPEED TESTS 超速试验PA 一次风 PLANT 工厂PA GATE NOT CLOSE 一次风门不在关位 POSITION 位置，位移PA OUT DAMPER OPND 一次风出口挡板开 PID 比例积分微分调节器POSITION DMPRS AND BLADES风档板位置 PURGE COMPLETE 吹扫完成PA PRESS OVERVIEW 一次风压总览 PHA 相位PA FAN （PAF）一次风机 PRESSURE 压力，强迫PANEL 屏、板 PROCESS 过程、程序、处理PARAMETERS 参数、参量 OIL PRESSURE 油压PERMISSIVES（PERM）允许条件 PREHEATER 预热器PRIMARY AIR GATE CLOSE一次风门关 PV 被调量PRIMARY AIR FAN TRIP 一次风机跳 PUMP 泵PULVERIZED COAL FEEDER FAULT 磨给粉故障 PULV A 制粉系统REAR 后面、背后 REMOTE 远方REAR PANEL 后屏 REPURGE REQUIRED 重新吹扫请求REAR PANEL SH 后屏过热器 RESULTS 结果、成效REHEAR 再热器 WAIT FOR RESULTS 等待结果REHEAR GAS DAMPERS CLOSE再热器烟气挡板关 PURGE 吹扫、清除、净化ROTOR 转子，转动体 ROTOR POSITION 轴向位移RESET 复位 RUNBACK 甩负荷SA 二次风 STM SEL 轴封SA OUT DAMPER OPND二次风出口挡板开 OIL RETURN 回油SUPERHEATER/REHERTER 过、再热蒸汽 SUPERVISORY 管理，监督SAFE POWER 保安段 SH 过热器SEQUENCE 程控、顺序 SH2 ATT WATER FLOW 二过减温水流量SCS 顺序控制系统 SH STM P 过热蒸汽压力SCS MENU 顺启、顺停画面 SHRH 过、再热蒸汽系统SOLENOID 电磁阀 STARTUP SEQ 程控启动SPEED 转速 SHTDWN 停止SPRAY 喷射 SHUTDOWN SEQ 程控停止SPRAY 喷油实验 SUMMARY 摘要、概要STARTUP 启动 SYNC 同步START AIRPH AUX MOTOR 启动辅马达 SYNC SPEED 同步转速STATOR 定子、固定片 STATUS 状态TANK 箱、罐 TRIPPED 跳机OIL TANK 油箱 TREND 趋势TDBFWP A OIL A汽泵油系统 TURB FOLOW 机跟随TDBFWP B OIL B汽泵油系统 TURBINE TRIP 汽机跳闸TESTS 试验 TURBINE VALVE TESTS 阀门试验TEMPerature 温度 TURB LUB OIL 主机润滑油系统THRUST 推力，插入 TURBINE DRAINS 汽机疏水系统THRUST BEARING 推力轴承 TURBINE MAIN STEAM 主汽（旁路）TRIP CONDITION 跳闸条件 TURBINE SEAL STEAM 汽封系统TURBINE DISPLAY 汽机菜单 VALVE 阀门VACUUM 真空 VIBRATION 振动，摆动WARM 暖、弄热 WATTLESS 无功-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------质量mass 技术资料technicalinformation,technicaldata 重量weight事故accident, emergency 能量energy 发电量powergeneration,generatedenergy形状shape 设备缺陷equipmentdefector 方形square扩建工程extensionproject 圆形round 复印copying半径radius 装订binding 直径diameter出版publication 周长circumference,perimeter 复位reset主厂房布置图main machine building arrange men drawing 参数parameter主厂房mainmachinehall,mainpowerbuilding 温度temperature 工作时间uptime汽机房turbinehall,turbinehouse 除氧间（除气间）deaeratorbay 真空vacuum压力pressure 烟囱chimney,stac 流量flow,flowcapacity 锅炉房boilerhall,boilerhouse 压缩compression 灰场ashyard 膨胀expansion 渣场slagyard 起动start-up, starting 灰坝ashdam 串联series connection 地下室basement停机shutdown,outage,stop page 近期nearfuture,short-term 检测detection,test远期future,long-term 并联parallelconnection 底层groundfloor 梁beam 液体liquid 柱column,pilla 固体solid 楼板floorslab 标高elevation 平台platform 调试testandadjustment 扶梯stair 试运行trialoperation 地面ground 保温heatinsulation,thermalinsulation 设备基础equipmentfoundation 油漆paint 煤场coalyard 灭火器fireextinguisher 采暖heating 运行operation,running 照明lighting 业主owner 通风ventilation 合同contract 安装erection,installation 价格price 灵活性flexibility 调制解调器modulator-demodulator(MODEM) 可扩展性expandability 兼容compatibility 分散度dispersity 按钮button,pushbutton 确认acknowledgement 故障时间downtime 仪表measuringinstrument 开关switch 输煤栈桥coalbeltconveyorgallery 起吊孔liftinghole 漏斗hopper 燃煤品种categoryofcoal 输煤皮带conveyorbelt 结焦性cokingproperty 皮带速度beltvelocity 结渣性slaggingproperty 皮带宽度beltwidth 固定碳fixedcarbon 驱动功率drivingpower 设计煤种designcoal 机车locomotive 闪点flashpoint图纸drawing 合金alloy 平面图plan,planview电焊electricwelding 校对check 电焊条weldingelectrode 审核review 焊丝weldingwire 批准approve焊接welding 数量quantity 气孔blowhole重量weight 咬边undercut 材料material焊口裂纹weldseamcrack 图号drawingnumber 坡口加工edgepreparation 测量measurement 应力stress 尺寸size,dimension着色剂colorants,coloringagent 中心距centerdistance 蠕变creep加工余量finish allowance, machine allowance 垫片gasket,pad,shim 表面surface 石棉垫asbestospad,babbitcushion 水平level 中心孔centerbore, centerhole,centeropening 检验test,check,examination 装配assembly,installation 圆度ellipticity 剖面section,cross-section 长度length 缺陷处理defect treatment面积area 铭牌nameplate 体积（容积）volume技术检验记录technicalcheckrecord 断开switch-off 化学加药处理chemicaltreatmentfeeding 酸洗acidcleaning 自来水rawwater,crudewater 软化水softenedwater除盐水demineralizedwater 过滤filtration 去矿物质水demineralizedwater除气deaeration 再生regeneration 污染pollution 腐蚀corrosion 结垢scaling 水垢scale离子交换树脂ionexchangeresin 石灰lime 混床mixedbed并联inparallel 串联inseries 溶解箱dissolvingtank 溶液箱solutiontank 取样装置samplingdevice 溶质solute 溶剂solvent 温度计thermometer 鼠标器mouse 温差temperaturedifference 驱动器drive 压力开关pressureswitch 键盘keyboard 标准大气压力standardatmosphere 存储器storage,memory 锅炉压力boilerpressure 延时timedelay 风压airpressure 在线online 喷嘴nozzle 离线offline给水流量feedwaterflow 扩展extension 蒸汽流量steamflow扫描scan 阻尼器snubber,damper 刷新update总线bus 阻塞clogging 画面graphicdisplay 传输速率transmissionrate 存储storage 源程序sourceprogram 文字标题literaltitle 滤波器filter 图象信息graphicinformation 返回return 中间变量intermediumvariable 中断interrupt 操作指导operationguide 保留retain 信息共享informationsharing 删除delect 吹扫purge 节点node 点火器igniter 发送send,transmit 灵敏度sensitivity 接收receive 精确度accuracy 数据库database 暗线concealedwire,concealedconductor 兆瓦megawatt 照明线路lighting line 赫兹hertz 控制control 转速表speedometer 输电transmission 千伏安kilovolt ampere 带电live, electrified 欧姆ohm 原理图schematicdiagram 通风ventilation, draft 电力系统electricpowersystem 避雷针lightningrod,lightningconductor 控制台control board 电源powersource,powersupply 电负荷powerload 交流电源ACpowersource 功率损失powerloss 直流电源DCpowersource 供电power supply 不停电电源uninterruptedpowersupply(UPS) 发电power generation 强电strong current 操作人operator 弱电weakcurrent 监护人guardian 继电器relay 通信communication 锁闭装置lockingdevice 电话机telephoneset 断路器breaker,circuitbreaker 电话号telephonenumber接触器contactor 电缆cable 插件plug-inunit,insertionpiece 信号signal 保护接地protectiveearthing 连接器connector 保护罩protectivecover,protectivehousing 单元unit 熔断器cutout,fusiblecutout主机mainmachine 电缆cable 系统system电缆芯cable core 电子元件electronic 单元控制室unitcontrolroom故障fault 配电室switchroom,distributionboardroom 正常normal频率frequency 异常abnormal 毫安表millammeter告警alarm 毫伏表mill voltmeter 输入input电子计算机electronic computer 输出output 架空线路overhead line信号状态signal status 布线wiring 结束end合上switch-on 测试test 重拨redial 拨号dial 直拨direct dialing 组装assembly 检修maintenance 拆开dismantling 汽缸扣盖cylinder covering 变形deformation 毛刺burr 裂纹crack锈蚀rusting 壁厚wall thickness 同心concentricity 找正centering 垫铁iron cushion, packing iron plate,adjustingpad找中心alignment 台板soleplate 天车turbinehalloverheadcrane管束tube bundle 汽机基座turbine pedestal 流量flow抽汽量steamextractioncapacity 海水seawater 保温材料heatinsulatingmaterial 防腐anti-corrosion 发电机electricgenerator,generator 一次电压primary voltage 发电机定子generator stator 二次电压secondary voltage 发电机转子generator stator 一次绕组primary winding 主变压器main transformer 二次绕组secondary winding 工作变压器operating transformer 高压线路high-voltage line 备用变压器standby transformer 导电环conducting ring 开关switch 零电位zero potential按钮button 漏电electric leakage 电压voltage 母线bus,busbar 电流current 测电笔test pencil 电流强度current intensity 验电器electroscope 电阻resistance 匝数numberofturns 电功率electric power 屏蔽接地shieldearthing 电压表voltmeter 延迟时间delay time 伏特volt 绝缘insulation 千伏kilovolt 相序phaseorder,phasesequence 电流表ammeter,amperemeter 相电压phase voltage 安培ampere 电阻测量resistance measurement 千瓦小时kilowatt-hour 电压测量voltage measurement 电位计potentiometer 电流测定current measurement 功率表wattmeter 时间测定time measurement 瓦特watt 明线openwire,openconductor 千瓦kilowatt 支撑斜钢supporting wedge 再热蒸汽系统reheatsteamsystem 自然通风冷却塔naturaldraftcoolingtower 抽汽系统extractionsteamsystem 主蒸汽管道mainsteampiping,livesteampiping 轴封shaftseal 真空系统vaccumsystem 凝结水系统condensate system 再热蒸汽管道reheatsteamsystem 给水系统feedwatersystem 循环水系统circulatingwatersystem 供油系统oilsupplysystem 供汽联箱steam header 工业水系统industrialwatersystem, service water system 抽汽管道steamextractionpipe 压缩空气管道compressedairpiping 疏水管道drainwaterpiping 氢气管道hydrogen piping 凝结水管道condensate piping 循环水管道circulating water piping冷却水管道cooling water piping 给水管道feedwaterpiping 润滑油管lube oil piping 除盐水管道demineralized water piping旁路门bypass valve 减温水管道attemperatingwaterpiping 球型阀globe valve 再循环水管道recirculatingwaterpiping 闸板阀gate valve 排水管道water discharge piping 疏水阀drain valve 高压主汽high-pressuremainstopvalve 蝶阀butterfly valve中压主汽门intermediatepressuremainstop valve 转速rotatingspeed,revolution 效率thermalefficiency,heatefficiency 热过热度superheat degree新蒸汽压力initialsteampressure,livesteampressure 温差temperature difference 开启opening 关闭closing 再热蒸汽冷段压力colder heated steam pressure再热蒸汽热段压力hot reheated steam pressure 启动starting-up 停止shutting down再热蒸汽热段温度hot reheated steam temperature再热蒸汽冷段温度cold reheated steam temperature检查inspection, examination 低压缸排汽流量low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam flow 巡检routing inspection 再热蒸汽流量reheatedsteamflow 主蒸汽流量steam flow法兰加热flange heating 螺栓加热bolt heating 正常状态normal condition 清洗cleaning 操作operation 酸洗acidcleaning,pickling解体disassembly 风管道air piping 保温材料heat-insulating material 除灰管道ash piping 稳定燃烧stable combustion 烟囱chimney, stack 支吊架supportsandhangers 燃烧combustion 水压试验hydraulic test 负压negative pressure 点火ignition 正压positive pressure着火点firingpoint,ignitiontemperature 冷风cold air 锅炉上水boilerwaterfilling 热风hotair 点火用油fueloilforignition 停炉boiler shutdown 熄火fire-off 汽轮机steam turbine 高压汽缸high-pressure(HP)cylinder 凝汽式汽轮机condensingsteamturbine 中压汽缸intermediate-pressure(IP)cylinder亚临界压力汽轮机subcriticalpressureturbine 低压汽缸low-pressure(LP)cylinder汽缸台板（底板）cylindersolepin 汽轮机转子turbine rotor 汽封steamsealgland,steamsealing 叶轮blade disc 轴承支架bearingstall,bearingbracket 叶片blade, bucket主油泵mainoilpump 喷嘴nozzle 备用油泵emergencybearingoilpump固定螺钉dowel交流润滑油泵AClubeoilpump 注油器oil injector 直流润滑油泵DClubeoilpump 喷油嘴oil nozzle 高位油箱headoiltank,elevatedoiltank 杠杆lever凝汽器condenser 轴shaft 管板tube plate弹簧spring 热水井hot well 凝汽器喉部condenser throat凝结水泵condensate pump 泵壳pump casing 低压加热器low-pressurefeedwaterheater 高压加热器high-pressurefeedwaterheater 除氧器desecrator 除氧水箱deaeratedwatertank除盐水箱demineralizedwatertank 汽动给水泵steam-drivenfeedwaterpump前置水泵booster pump 给水泵feedwaterpump 疏水泵drain pump 水室water chamber 疏水扩容器drainflashtank 挡板baffle plate 封头end cover 真空泵vacuum pump 工业水泵industrialwaterpump,service water pump 收球网ball screen 胶球泵rubberballrecirculatingpump 主蒸汽系统mainsteamsystem 亚临界压力锅炉subcriticalpressure boiler 燃煤锅炉coal-fired boiler 启动锅炉start-up boiler 炉墙furnace wall 管束（排）tube bundle 管屏tube platen 下降管down comer 上升管riser 省煤器管economizer tube再热器管reheatertube 过热器管superheated tube 蛇形管coil吊挂管supporting tube 水冷壁管waterwalltube 鳍片管finnedtube,fintube,gilledtube过热器superheater 沸点boilingtemperature 吹灰器sootblower包墙过热器wallenclosuresuperheater 再热器reheated 炉膛容积furnace volume 再热器冷段primaryreheater 汽水分离器steamseparator,moisture separator再热器热段finalreheater 省煤器economizer 空气预热器airpreheater安全门safety valve 防暴门explosion vent 检查孔inspection hole三通阀three-way valve 事故喷水阀emergencywatersprayvalve 锅炉排污blow down 大板梁plategirder,upperbeam 灰斗ash hopper 空气压缩机air compressor 混合器mixer磨煤机coalpulverizer,coalmill 一次风机primaryairfan 人孔门manhole送风机forceddraftfan,forcefan 引风机induceddraftfan,inducedfan 膨胀补偿节expansion joint 原煤斗rawcoalbunker,rawcoalsilo 结渣lagging 煤粉仓pulverized coalbunker 看火孔observation hole 水循环water circulation 风道air duct 除尘器dustcollector,precipitator 灰渣泵ashpump,slagpump 轴封泵shaftsealingpump 伸缩节expansion joint 灰浆泵ashslurrypump 水冷壁waterfall 联箱header 饱和蒸汽管saturatedsteampipe锅炉机组boiler unit 炉膛boiler framework 燃烧器furnace 燃烧室combustion chamber 油枪oilguntorch 风门damper管板tube plate 煤粉管道pulverized coal piping 锅炉本体boiler proper。
试车的阶段划分及相关标准
流程工业建设项目的试车第三章试车的阶段划分及相关标准术语的困惑试车、机械竣工、中间交接、单机试车、预试车、空载调试、联动试车、模拟试车、冷试车、热试车、投料试车、开车、性能考核、装置验收……Commissioning, Mechanical Completion,Provisional Acceptance,Run-in,Take over,Precommissioning,Dry Commissioning,Ready for Commissioning,Mock Operation, WetCommissioning,Cold Commissioning,DummyOperation, Ready for Startup,Startup, HotCommissioning,Trial Operation,PerformanceTest,Plant Acceptance……试车讲座3SLIDE 2试车讲座3SLIDE 3试车讲座3SLIDE 4传统的试车阶段划分定义a传统的试车阶段划分定义b试车讲座3SLIDE 5c传统的试车阶段划分定义试车讲座3SLIDE 6试车讲座3SLIDE 7传统的试车阶段划分定义f机械竣工预试车生产考核（竣工试验）（竣工后试验）投料试车试运行（开车、试车）mc试车讲座3SLIDE 9Mechanical CompletionThe phase between equipmentinstallation and the start ofprocess commissioning, inwhich components of plant areproved to be mechanically fit fortheir process duty.设备安装后，工艺试车开始前的阶段；在此阶段，验证装置的各组件在机械性能上能够胜任它们各自的工艺职责。
试车讲座3SLIDE 10Process Plant Commissioning英国化学工程师协会(IChemE)出版第一版：1990年，第二版：1998年编者：David Horsley英国曾任British Nuclear Fuels 公司高级安全工程师，安全和技术主任助理，Newcastle 大学客座教授；担任过投资额为5亿英镑的大型项目的项目经理（1989）其他参编人员分别来自University Leeds,ICI, John Brown Engineers & Construction Ltd等大学工程公司和研究机构。
恒温电热水器使用说明书
ELECTRIC WATER HEATER ASSEMBL Y AND OPERATION INSTRUCTIONSGENERAL SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS1. Read the instructions and warning in this manual carefully, theycontain important information regarding safe installation, use and maintenance.This manual is an integral part of the product. Hand it on to the next user/owner in case of change of property.2. The manufacturer shall not liable for any injury to people, animals ordamage to property caused by improper, incorrect or unreasonable use or failure to follow the instructions reported in this publication.3. Installation and maintenance must be performed by professionallyqualified personnel as specified in the relative paragraphs.Only use original spare parts. Failure to observe the above instruc-tions can compromise the safety of the appliance and relieves the manufacturer of any liability for the consequences.4. DO NOT leave the packaging materials (staples, plastic bags, ex-panded polystyrene, etc.) within the reach of children they can cause serious injury.5. The appliance may not be used by persons under 8 years of age,with reduced physical, sensory or mental capacity, or lacking the requisite experience and familiarity, unless under supervision or following instruction in the safe use of the appliance and the haz-ards attendant on such use. DO NOT permit children to play with the appliance. User cleaning and maintenance may not be done by unsupervised children.6. DO NOT touch the appliance when barefoot or if any part of yourbody is wet.7. Before using the device and after routine or extraordinary mainte-nance, we recommend filling the appliance’s tank with water and draining it completely to remove any residual impurities.8. If the appliance is equipped with a power cord, the latter may onlybe replaced by an authorised service centre or professional tech-nician.9. It is mandatory to screw o the water inlet pipe of the unit a safetyvalve in accordance with national regulations. In countries which have enacted EN 1487, the safety group must be calibrated to a maximum pressure of 1487 MPa (0,7 bar) and include at least a cock,check valve and control, safety valve and hydraulic load cutout. 10. Do not tamper with the overpressure safety device (valve or safetygroup), if supplied together with the appliance; trip it from time to time to ensure that it is not jammed and to remove any scale de-posits.11. It is normal water drips from the overpressure safety device whenthe appliance is heating. For this reason, the drain must be con-nected, always left open to the atmosphere, with a drainage pipe installed in a continuous downward slope and in a place free of ice.12. Make sure you drain the appliance and disconnect it from the pow-er grid when it is out of service in an area subject to subzero tem-peratures.13. Water heated to over 50 °C can cause immediate serious burns ifdelivered directly to the taps. Children, disabled persons and the aged are particularly at risk. We recommend installing a thermostat-ic mixer valve on the water delivery line, marked with a red collar.14. D o not leave flammable materials in contact with or in the vicinity ofthe appliance.15. Do not place anything under the water heater which may be dam-aged by a leak.LEGIONELLA BACTERIALegionella are small rod shaped bacteria which are a natural constituent of all fresh waters. Legionaries’ disease is a pneumonia infection caused by inhaling of Legionella species. Long periods of water stag-nation should be avoided; it means the water heater should be used or flushed at least weekly.The European standard CEN/TR 16355 gives recommendations for good practice concerning the pre-vention of Legionella growth in drinking water installations but existing national regulations remain in force.DESCRIPTION OF WATER HEATER(see figure 7)F) LEDA) CapM) Adjustment knobB) Water intake pipeC) Water outlet pipeTECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICSFor the technical specifications, refer to the nameplate (the nameplate is located next to the water in-take/outlet pipes).This appliance is conforming with the standard SANS 151 and with the electrical safety standards SANS 60335-1 and SANS 60335-2-21* Declared Energy Performance have been achieved by using the hydraulic adaptors supplied with the Water HeaterINSTALLING NORMS (for the installer)The appliance must be installed and commissioned by a qualified technician in accordance with estab-lished regulations and local health and safety regulations.We recommend installing the appliance as close as possible to the delivery points to minimise heat loss along the pipes. Local regulations may provide for restrictions on installation in bathrooms; observe any regulatory minimum distances. The range of water heaters includes models set up to be assembled above or below the point of use (sink, basin or shower). The models intended to be assembled under the point of use are called “undersink”. To facilitate maintenance, make sure there is a clearance of at least 50 cm inside the enclosure for access to the electrical equipment. Fix the supplied bracket to the wall with screws and dowels of adequate size for the type of wall. Hook the water heater to the bracket and pull down to make sure it is secured.HYDRAULIC CONNECTIONThe INSTALLATION of the appliance must strictly comply with SANS 10254 code of practice, a copy of which is obtainable from the South African Bureau of Standards. Installation, maintenance and repairs to the appliance not complying with the SANS 10254 code of practice will invalidate the Warranty.If you decide to install mixer units (taps or shower), purge the pipes of any potentially damaging impuri-ties first. The appliance must not be supplied with water of hardness less than 12°F, nor with especially hard water (greater than 25°F); we recommend installing a water softener, properly calibrated and con-trolled - do not allow the residual hardness to fall below 15°F. Before using the appliance, we recommend filling its tank with water and draining it completely so as to remove any residual impurities.Specific taps must be used for this type of installation and the connection must be implemented as shown in the diagram in Fig. 1. With this solution, the water heater can work at any mains pressure and no type of tap must be connected on the outlet pipe, which acts as a vent.We reccomend that all exposed metal pipes must be lagged.The hydraulic adaptors, which are delivered with the product, must be installed on the thread connection with a sealing.ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONBefore performing any operations, disconnect the appliance from the electricity mains using the external switch.1. Electrical installation must comply with SANS 10142 – Electrical code for wiring of premises and should be tested by the local electricity authority. The fixed wiring must incorporate a means of disconnecting from the main supply having a separation of at least3 mm in all poles.2. Check the circuit breaker on the distribution board is the correct amperage for the unit.3. Check that all electrical connections are secure. with a sealing.4. Replace electrical cover and ensure geyser is full of water before switching on electricity, even for testing purposes.5. Fixed wiring must incorporate a means of disconnecting from the main supply, having a separation of at least 3 mm in a pole.NOTE: Elements burn through commissioning without water and burnouts due to loose connections are not covered by the Warranty.For greater safety, have qualified personnel carry out a careful inspection of the electrical system, ensur-ing it complies with the applicable norms in force, because the appliance manufacturer will not be held responsible for any damage caused by the lack of earthing of the system or for faults in the electricity supply.Check that the system is suitable for the maximum power absorbed by the water heater (please refer to the data plate) and that the cross-section of the electrical connection cables is suitable and complies with current laws. The use of multiplugs, extensions or adaptors is strictly prohibited. It is strictly forbid-den to use the piping from the plumbing, heating and gas systems for the appliance earthing connection. If the appliance is supplied with a power supply cable and the latter should need replacing, use a cable featuring the same characteristics (type H05VV-F 3x1.5 mm², 8.5 mm in diameter) and compliant with SANS 60227-5. The supply cable (type H05 VV-F 3x1.5 mm²) is to be inserted in the proper hole situated in the back of the appliance and slide it until it reaches terminal of the thermostat, then lock single cables by mean of the insulation base. To disconnect the unit from the electrical supply use a bipolar, switch conforming to local (contact opening at least 3 mm, better if equipped with fuses).The appliance must be earthed and the earth cable (which must be yellow-green and longer than that of the phases it is fixed to the terminal marked by the symbol . Block the power supply cord on the small cap using the special wire clamp provided.Before usage, make sure that the supply voltage is in compliance with the rated values of the ap-pliance. If the appliance is not supplied with a power supply cable, use a flexible cable (type H05VVF 3X1.5mm2, 8.5 mm) in diameter compliant with the applicable norms in force, if the applianche is sup-plied with a cable clamp.Startup and commissioningBefore powering up the appliance, fill the heater with mains water.T o do so, open the mains cock and the hot water tap until all the air has been vented from the boiler. Check for leaks from the flanges, tighten down the fittings (not too much!) if necessary (A fig. 4). Power up using the switch and in models with no switch, power up by turning the adjustment knob clockwiseMAINTENANCE REGULATIONS (for competent person)Maintenance work may only be done by qualified technicians (in possession of the regulatory requi-sites). Before requesting for the Technical Assistance to intervene for a suspected fault, check that this is not caused by a temporary lack of water supply or power failure.Draining the applianceMake sure to drain the appliance when it is out of service or in an area subject to subzero temperatures.T o drain the appliance, proceed as follows:- permanently disconnect it from its power supply;- open the hot water tap (sink or bath tub).Replacing partsDisconnect the appliance from its power supply.Remove the enclosure to access the electrical equipment.To work on the thermostat, extract it from its mount and disconnect it from its power supply.To work on the heating element and anode, first drain the appliance.Use only original spare partsScheduled maintenanceThe heating element (R fig. 5) should be descaled every two years to ensure it works properly.If you do not wish to use a liquid descaler, you can simply break off the deposit, taking care not to dam-age the heating element’s cladding. The magnesium anode (N fig. 5) must be replaced every two years; however, the anode should be checked every year if the water is corrosive or chloride rich. To replace it, remove the heating element and unscrew it from its bracket.After routine or extraordinary maintenance, we recommend filling its tank with water and draining it completely so as to remove any residual impurities.Use only original spare parts supplied by the manufacturer’s authorised service centres. Reactivating the two-pole cutoutIf the water overheats excessively, a thermal cutout (CEI-EN compliant) trips to cut the electrical power supply to the heating element (both phases); contact the Service Centre if this occurs.USER INSTRUCTIONSRecommendations- Do not place anything under the water heater which may be damaged by a leak.- If the water is not used for a long time:➤ shut off power to the appliance by setting the external switch to “OFF”;➤ close the water circuit cocks.- Water heated to over 50°C can cause immediate serious burns or even death. Children, disabled persons and the aged are particularly at risk of burns.Do not attempt to service or repair the appliance.Operation, setting the operating temperatureStart upPower up by turning the adjustment knob clockwise. The indicator lamp only remains on when heating up. The thermostat will automatically disconnect the resistance when the preset operating temperature is reached.Setting the operating temperatureOn models with external regulation, the water temperature can be set with the knob (M fig. 6) connected to the thermostat, as indicated on the device itself.USEFUL HINTSIf the water delivery is cold, have the following checked:- is there power to the thermostat and terminal block?- are the heating elements working?If the water is boiling hot (steam is coming out of the taps)Shut off electrical power to the appliance and have the following checked:- thermostat;- the amount of scale on the boiler and heating element.If the hot water delivery is insufficient, have the following checked:- the mains water pressure;- the condition of the deflector on the cold water intake pipe;- the condition of the hot water pipe;- the electrical equipment.NEVER ATTEMPT TO REPAIR THE APPLIANCE YOURSELF - ALWAYS HAVE THIS DONE BY A QUALIFIED TECHNICIAN.The indicated data and specifications are not binding; the manufacturer reserves the right to modify them at his own discretion notification or replacement.HYDRAULIC FITTINGS10 / EN745FAANR6TMAMFC B12 / ENAriston Thermo SpAViale Aristide Merloni 4560044 Fabriano (AN) ItalyTelefono 0732 6011 - Fax 0732 602331 ************************* Ariston Thermo South Africa (Pty) Ltd 294 Barolong St. Icon Business Park Sunderland RidgeSouth Africa(+27) 87 943 7471*************************420010753802 - 07/2020。
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Fix Critical Items
Training Complete
System Performance Acceptance Test (system performance demonstration through a range of operating conditions using product where possible)
Fix Critical Items
Component Operational Test (check PLC function, check component mechanical operation, energize equipment, run in manual)
Fix Critical Items
“Owner” Does Not Know How to Start/operate
Ownership (Designer)
Original “Owner” on Another Project/not in Field
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Start-up & Commissioning
PM Workshop
Start-up & Commissioning
Start-up & Commissioning
• What Is It?
– Comprehensive Process of Testing and Starting Facility & Production Systems
9
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Start-up & Commissioning
• Acceptance & Turnover Documents
– Performance Tests – Signoff and Turnover – Warranty
10
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– System Readiness
• Design Verification • Past Tests • OAT and FAT • Permits, As Needed
5
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Start-up & Commissioning
Caution:
Do Not Start Vendor Systems Without Manufacturer’s Representative
Start-up & Commissioning
• Activities
– Pre-commissioning • Design Verification
• OAT
– Commissioning • FAT • Start-up
11
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Start-up & Commissioning
Elect CA Truck
Vinac & Benzoflex 140-1
HPC HPS CA
Recycle CA CW N2 DIW
Elect CA Truck
Hinge Coat 140-1
Heater 170-1
Elect HPC HPS CA CA Elect
Coating No.1 340-1 Coating No.2 360-1 Airveyor 380-1
Elect Truck Truck
Storage Elect CA
CA
Dust Collection System 220-1
Ventilation
CA Electrical Vent Cyclone Electrical
Elect Truck
Truck CA Storage Elect
Recycle 800-1
On-the-Job and Classroom Training of Equipment Operators
System Operational Test (auto operation, set control tuning, begin process testing using product)
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Task Often Overlooked
Failure to Understand Relation to Production Start
Assigned To “Others” (I & C)
• Administering & Witnessing
– Walk the System
– Validate Set-points
– Document Tests (Signatures)
8
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Start-up & Commissioning
• Reporting Status
– System Team Meetings
– Weekly Construction Meetings
• Obtaining & Compiling O & M Manuals
– From Vendors/manufacturers – From Contractors – From the Design Team
Liquid Waste Liquid Waste Heat Vent Liquid Waste Vent Reject
Ventilation Hot and Cold Water
LPC LPS CW Elect
CA Bad CWElect Batch Truck to Landfill CA Elect CIP CA Elect CA
• What Does It Do?
– Demonstrate That the System Can Perform
– A Means for Owner’s Acceptance
• What Else?
– Documents Tests (Part of Quality Plan)
2
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VOC Exhaust Heat Reject (Trash) Heat Exhaust Reject (Trash)
SCADA
HVAC
CIP
Permit Plant
Elect LPC LPS CA Truck
Start-up & Commissioning
CA
Storage
Elect Truck CA
Starch Tank 110-1 Mag Stearate Tank 120-1 Guar Gum Tank 130-1 Calc. Carb. Tank 105-1 Fiber Tank 180-1
Storage
Warranty
6
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Start-up & Commissioning
• Planning
– Begin Early in Construction – Review P&IDs and PFDs – Validate Factory Test/receiving Reports – Identify & Calibrate Instrumentation – Compile Forms for Documentation
• Start-up Coordinator
• System Teams
3
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Start-up & Commissioning
• Keys to Success (Continued)
– Documentation
• Project Quality Plan • Standard Forms – Written Procedures • Design Team System Owner
Junior Staff
14
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Start-up & Commissioning
STARTUP AND TRAINING
OPERATOR TRAINING FIELD ENGINEERING Respond to RFIs, review submittals, observe construction SYSTEM TEAM Develop Startup plan, checklists, procedures, and performance testing plans CONSTRUCTION Develop SOPs, and Training Manuals with Engineering assistance Construction
– Participate in Construction Meetings
7
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Start-up & Commissioning
• Scheduling Start-up & Commissioning
– Develop Schedule
– Integrate Into Construction Schedule – Must Drive Construction Activities