PowerPoint Presentation - Why IC engines
英文presentation ppt 演示讲稿引导句
开场白祝贺语：“Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen.““On behalf of our company I’d like to welcome you here to ...” “Thank you all for coming here.”介绍开场白：“Let me introduce myself. I’m Ulrike Huber, Manager’sAssistant ...”“I am a consultant to ...”引出主题：“The subject of today’s presentation is ...”“I’ll give you an overview of ...”“Today I want to update you on ...”内容概述：“Let me first give you a brief overview.”“I’ll start off by explaining ..., then focus on ...”“I’ll be talking about ... first, then move on to ...”英文邀请信范本(Salutation),I would like to invite you to visit ____ for a period of ___ (days, weeks or months), beginning on or about ___ (date). This visit will provide an opportunity for you to contribute your expertise to the _ __Division’s work on (subject of meetings, workshop, discussions, or research).We will provide you with workspace and other work-related support as needed. We understand that you will arrange funding for the remainder of your expenses. If you have any questions about the visit, please contact ___ at (Tel.) ___ or by email ___.If you have questions about these requirements, please do not hesitate to contact the individual mentioned above. Any questions regarding your immigration status should be addressed to Mr. ____ from ____.示用例句：I’d like to begin by telling you about ...So that was the background...Let’s move on to ...If you look at this diagram, you can see ...That brings me to ...To sum up then, ...I’d like to conclude by saying ...Thank you very much for your attention.If you have any questions, I’ll be happy to answer them now.Despite our pressing need for delivery and a lot of troubles caused to your loading work, at the last minute the ____ (product’s name) has been dispatched successfully.We appreciate so much your intense devotion to work and the firm stance of bearing clients’interest in mind and will understand if y ouwould ask for some compensation accordingly.催货款的邮件Dear Mr. Smith,With eyes open widely, we regret not have seen yourpayment yet. We presume you must have once againoverlooked your outstanding account with us.We for the last time request your immediate payment for____(amount) before ____ (date).Please think it over if it is worthwhile for you to spendadditional money and extra time if missing the time again!It is for your best to make immediate payment, which we willhighly appreciate.洽谈单价As we mentioned in our previous quotation, the price is likelyTo rise. Since material price is a very crucial element for ourcost accounting, we are compelled to shift this rise to our customers.The price for 33 Euro has increased to 33.5 Euro, packingcharge and freight remaining unchanged.We thank you for your understanding and look forward tohaving a good cooperation with you.开发信We are marching with big steps towards the best time of the year: Christmas with surprises and the New Year’s Eve with candle lights and sweet cookies.Are you racking your brain to find a special gift for yourself or for your best friend? We give ourselves this opportunity to recommend to you a special ____ (product’s name) for the occasion. Originating from ____ (area), ____ (product’sname) has received market recognition based on its elegant design and confirmed high quality.Wish you enjoy the preparation time and gifts of thecelebration!在商务信函中常用的提醒付款句式举例：We wish to call your attention to the enclosed account which is now past due. We shall appreciate your prompt remittance.兹随函附上逾期账单，提醒注意。
演示文稿(presentation)
演示文稿（presentation）A 演示文稿 is a document or presentation that is used to demonstrate a concept, product, or services to an audience. It usually includes visuals, such as slides or images, as well as text and graphics to explain the information in more detail. The purpose of a 演示文稿 is to inform, persuade, and educate the audience. To create an effective 演示文稿, it is important to plan ahead and include all the necessary information, visuals, and other elements. Additionally, it should be organized in a way that makes it easy to follow and understand. The 演示文稿 should also have a clear structure, use consistent design elements, and be visually appealing. Finally, the 幻灯片 should have a solid conclusion that drives home the key messages.of how you can use the SELECT statement in SQL. The SELECT statement is one of the most commonly used statements in SQL. It is used to retrieve records from a database table. The syntax of the SELECT statement consists of the SELECT keyword followed by a comma-separated list of columns that you want to retrieve and the table name from which to retrieve the data. You can also specify conditions with the WHERE clause, limit the number of results with the LIMIT clause, and sort the results with the ORDER BY clause. Additionally, you can group records together with the GROUP BY clause and use the HAVING clause to further refine the results. Once the query is executed, the results are displayed.of how you can use the JOIN statement in SQL. The JOIN statement is used to retrieve data from multiple tables in a database. It works by combining columns from multiple tables, allowing for relationships between them to be queried and returned in the result set. The most common types of JOINs are INNER JOINs, LEFT OUTER JOINs, RIGHT OUTER JOINs, and FULL JOINs, each of which can be used to return different types of data from the same query. For example, an INNER JOIN can be used to return only rows that have matching values in both tables, while a LEFT OUTER JOIN can be used to return all rows from the left table and only matching rows from the right table. Additionally, the JOIN statement can be combined with other clauses such as WHERE, ORDER BY, and GROUP BY, to further refine and customize the query.of how you can use the CREATE TABLE statement in SQL. The CREATE TABLE statement is used to create a new table in a database. It consists of the CREATE TABLE keyword followed by the name of the table that you want to create. After the table has been specified, columns can be added with the following syntax: column_name data_type, where data_type is the type of data that should be stored in that column. For example, text, number, or date. Additional characteristics such as column size, primary key, and foreign keys can also be specified. Once the table has been created, records can be inserted into it using the INSERT statement.。
Presentationskill_PPT制作与演讲技巧
Presentationskill_PPT制作与演讲技巧PRSENTATION SKILLCoffee Liu 13 Dec,20121. How to make a structured and professional PPT?如何制作结构化和专业的PPT？2. How to make an influential presentation and convince your audience?如何进行有说服力的演讲和使听众信服？Definition定义Propose an idea 发表观点Convince your audience 使听众信服 For buy-in 使接受4Ps Model[ Prepare ]W–W–H–TWhat? – Identify objectives 确认目标 Objectives 目标Why should the presentation be done? 为什么？ What can I get from it? 能得到什么？ How long shall I prepare for it?要准备多久？形式如何？Example 例子Give open speech in a university 在大学公开演讲Present annual report to the shareholders 向股东做年度报告Show new product to the customers 向客户介绍新产品……What type of presentation will it be?W–W–H–T Who? – Know your audience 了解听众关心什么需要知道什么Needs to Know Cares whatExpectation期望值Who 是谁Audience profile 听众概况决策者Participant list 名单 Decision makerTaboo 禁忌 Questions问题Background 背景 Character 性格 Interest 兴趣W–W–H–T How? – By what means 采用什么形式Speech 演讲 Formal 正式 V.S. Informal 非正式 Style风格Briefing 简报 Daily reporting日常汇报Training 培训……W–W–H–T Tool 工具PPT Equipment(Multi-media, video, product model…)设备（多媒体，录像，产品模型）Environment(Light, Seat, projector, flip chart…)环境（灯光，座位，投影仪，活动挂图）[ Powerpoint ]Primary – Median Subject主题 Outline Structure Main part大纲结构主体内容AdvancedViewpoint 论点 Talking point 论据Fact 事实 Main Statistic 数据 Part Example 例子主体 Analogy 类比 Reference 引用……Primary – Median – AdvancedMain Front Agenda / Outline Structure Part page 架构首页议程/大纲 Change Visual Aid into / Chart转化为主体内容逻辑图/图表Subject 标题 Name 姓名 Date 日期…Fact Statistic Example Analogy Reference……Number / Percentage 数字/比例 Process 流程 Cause & effect 因果 Trend 趋势 Sequence 序列……Primary – Median – AdvancedVisual Aid逻辑图Primary – Median – AdvancedChart 图表6 4 2 0 类别类别类别类别 1 2 3 4 系列 1 系列 2 系列 3 Sales Region East South West North 2011 … … … … 2012 … … … …Primary – Median -AdvancedTemplate模板Polish 润色排版，图画，动画排版–风格统一格式一致字体颜色，大小标志，符号等Techniques 技巧 Subject and outline 先确立主题和大纲Logical structure 逻辑结构 Strong talking point 有力的论点论据3，6，12 PrincipleVisual aid – Chart – Words逻辑图–表–文字 Polish 润色Don’tSpelling error错别字Not aligned structure结构不统一Too much content一页显示过多内容Too small Font字体太小过长的标题Long Heading无用的页面Useless SlideJargon行话过多动画效果Too much effect[ Practice ]Don’t just recite 避免简单背诵 Practice before mirror 镜子前练习 Learn from the celebrity 模仿名人 Simulate presentation 仿真演示 Prepare cards & lecture准备小卡片和讲义Practice two hours before两小时前再练习一次Practice is the best way to overcome intensity![ Present ]。
presentation ppt演示
•Major emerging economies such as China, Brazil, Russia and India also affected.
4
Linkages: Bangladesh and Global Economy
20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
EU
Germany
UK
2008Q2
2008Q3
2008Q4
Source: BEA and European commission, 2009.
2
INTRODUCTION….
Figure : Composite Leading Indicators for Selected Countries
OECD Area Euro Area United States Germany United Kingdom
Figure : GDP Forecasts for USA and EU for 2009 and 2010
EU USA Germany UK
0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5
1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 2009Q 1 2009Q 2 2009Q 3 2009Q 4 2010Q 1 2010Q 2 2010Q 3 2010Q 4
ble : Regression Results: Income and Exchange rate Elasticities Regions USA Products Knitwear Woven Fish Jute Leather Products Rawhide Total European Union Knitwear Woven Fish Jute Leather Products Rawhide Total Income Elasticity 0.2903911* 0.2855428* 0.0086 0.241779 2.329824* 0.6911198** 0.3680913* 0.3850197* 0.386823* 0.2326834* 0.1866102* 0.0041508* 0.1995184* 0.4474187* Exchange Rate Elasticity 1.85298** 0.8005111* 0.7962688 0.2557664 5.307921* 2.042887** 0.7344868* 0.0074014* 0.0001788* 0.0021747 0.0071777* 0.0017311* 0.0040831* 0.0035401*
PowerPoint Presentation (3)(2020年整理).ppt
Listening answers
1. A, Chinese 2. B, 12 3. A, 11 4. A, 8:00 5. B, 4:30
我十岁 wǒ shí suì 我们班有二十一个男学生 Wǒmen bān yǒu èrshíyī gè nánxuésheng 我们八点上学 Wǒmen bādiǎn shàngxué 我们四点放学 Wǒmen sìdiǎn fàngxué
Change the following statements into
questions using 几 (jǐ)
现在十点
xiànzài (now) shí diǎn
我八岁
wǒ bā suì
我家有三口人
wǒ jiā yǒu sān kǒu rén
今天是三月十三日
jīntiān shì sān yuè shísān rì
nǚ
nán
学生
xuéshēng
男学生
nán xuésheng
女学生
nǚ xuésheng
班
bān
中国
zhōngguó
英国
yīngguó
学生
xuésheng
男学生
nán xuésheng
女学生
nǚ xuésheng
班
bān
中国
zhōngguó
英国
yīngguó
多
A lot duō
for years into the future?
The size and population of a country affects all aspects of
society, education is no exception.
如何做好Presentation(附：如何做PPT)
大多欧美企业都非常重视presentation skills,不懂得这一点，是许多在外企工作的人认为自己怀才不遇的原因。
所谓presentation，不一定非是powerpoint presentation不可.外企对管理人员的衡量指标之一有一个selling skill,其实大多便是从presentation里面得来的印象.外企看重的presentation是所有外企员工展示自己能力最好的平台。
不论是怎样的presentation，目的都一样——说服别人接受某一个观点，告诉别人他们不了解的事。
下面从技术上谈谈几个步骤及要点：1. Title page或Front page（封面/首页)以powerpoint为例，一个好的presentation的封面页上要有以下几个要素：（1）演示题目（长度不超过一行的60%，如太长，应精简文字或设为两行.三行为大忌。
）（2）副标题(不一定要有)(3）演示人姓名:常用的排版方式是全居中，也可以采用full block或half block，但要与选用的powerpoint template背景配合。
（4）日期2。
Introduction（简介)演示内容的简要介绍。
3。
Agenda（演示专题目录）这一点至关重要，目的是给听众一个清晰的脉络，给人条理性强的印象。
但agenda的页面排版要注意:最好不要超过6行，每行注意长度不要超过页面一行的80％,保证页面整体的视觉效果清晰。
4. 演示正文页面字数最忌太多。
注意给页面给白，并且要按照信息的重要性排好次序，每行字数不要差别太大。
正文页面不要使用全局中方式。
有一种理论说，每行不要超过6个字,有一定的道理，但不一定.5。
目录页插入根据演示进程插入刚开始时的目录页，标明进程。
以免观众忘记脉络。
6. Visual aid适当使用视觉辅助手段很重要，但不要太多,以免喧宾夺主。
所谓视觉辅助指的不是office自带的那些剪贴画,而是各种图形、图标等.office的各种图标也尽量不要使用.7。
英文演讲稿的PPT制作技巧分享
英文演讲稿的PPT制作技巧分享English Presentation PPT Production Skills SharingGood morning/afternoon/evening, ladies and gentlemen.It’s my pleasure to share with you some tips and techniques regarding how to create a high-quality PPT for an English presentation. As we all know, PPT has become an essentialtool in our modern communication, especially in the business world. An engaging and clear PPT can effectively convey your message and win the trust and interest of your audience. Therefore, it’s crucial to master some PPT production skills to create an impressive presentation. In this article, I’ll take you through five essential steps of creating a compelling English presentation PPT.Step 1: Planning and PreparationBefore creating any PPT, it’s important to cl arify the content and target audience of your presentation. Askyourself the following questions:1. What is the purpose of my presentation?2. Who is my target audience?3. What information do they want to know?4. How long is my presentation?5. How many slides will I use?Based on these questions, you can determine the corresponding information and supporting materials to include in your PPT. Additionally, a clear and concise outline can help you organize the structure of your presentation and save your time in the production process.Step 2: Design and LayoutA well-designed and organized PPT can help you quickly engage your audience and convey your message. The design and layout of your slides should conform to the theme of your presentation and be consistent throughout the PPT. Here are some design tips to consider:1. Choose a consistent color scheme that complements your content and the overall tone of your presentation.2. Use high-quality images and graphics to support your words. Avoid using too many stock images or clip art.3. Use a modern and easy-to-read font. Stay away from decorative fonts.4. Keep the layout simple and clean. Avoid excessive animations or transitions that may distract the audience.Step 3: Content and PresentationThe content is the core of your PPT. It should be concise, engaging, and informative. A good PPT should not beoverloaded with information. Instead, focus on key points and deliver them effectively. Here are some presentation tips to consider:1. Start with an attention-grabbing opening statement or question.2. Use bullet points and short sentences to convey your message effectively.3. Use examples or real-life scenarios to clarify your concept or idea.4. Use videos or animations to enhance the visual effectof your presentation.5. Summarize the key points and make a call to action at the end of your presentation.Step 4: Practice and RehearsalPractice makes perfect. A well-prepared presenter can deliver the message with confidence and clarity. To achieve this, you need to practice and rehearse before the actual presentation. Here are some rehearsal tips to consider:1. Read your presentation out loud to become familiar with the content and delivery style.2. Time yourself to ensure your presentation is within the allocated time frame.3. Ask a friend or colleague to listen to your presentation and give feedback.4. Record yourself and watch the playback to see if you need to improve on any areas.5. Be comfortable with your presentation material and be prepared to respond to any questions or challenges.Step 5: Final Touches and DistributionAfter completing your PPT, it’s time to do the final touches. Here are some final tips to consider:1. Review your presentation and correct any spelling or grammatical errors.2. Check the consistency of the design and layout throughout the presentation.3. Save your PPT in the appropriate format (PowerPoint, PDF, etc.) to distribute to your audience.4. Be prepared to adjust the font size and color schemeif necessary, depending on the venue and lighting.5. Always have a backup plan in case of any technical difficulties.In conclusion, a well-designed and delivered PPT can help you effectively communicate your message and engage your audience. By following these essential steps, you can create an impressive and engaging PPT for your English presentation. Thank you for reading, and I hope you found these tipshelpful in your future presentations.。
PowerPoint Presentation
毕业
• 毕业证书内容填写“在我校x x专业专科起
点本科学习”，学习起止时间按本科实际 时间填写。 • 学习期满而且成绩合格，可授予学士学位。 • 毕业时按国家本科生的就业政策执行。
如何选择专业与学校
• 原则一：专业优先 • 原则二：学校优先 • 原则三：注意与原专业的连续性 • 原则四：打造复合型专业
第七讲 深造与创业
本讲主要内容：
• 专升本 • 留学深造 • 创业
一、普通高校专升本
• 普高专升本属国家计划内招生，与高中
起点普高招生毕业待遇相同。 • 2000年秋季，上海高校经国家教育部批 准，推出专科生升本科生的改革试点方 案。 • 2000年本市参加试点招生“专升本”的 本科院校有同济大学、华东师范大学、 华东理工大学等16所高校。
--国家教育部 2002 年
就业增长战略
• 发挥市场机制的作用 • 实施就业优先的发展战略 • 改变就业结构变动长期滞后于产业结构变
动的现状 • 制定中小企业发展战略和私营经济发展战 略 • 促进全国统一的竞争的流动的劳动力市场 的形成
本课程由正文故事、练习和创业计划等部分 组成。通过案例从“想当老板”起考虑了 自家的条件决定“要当老板”，经过更多 的学习和实践之后，他们认为自己“能当 老板”，进而为“当好老板”做出了一切 准备。从中学习和体验进入创业过程必须 具备的条件、应该掌握的有关知识和技能。 最后读者就能够按照自己的创业条件和所 选择的项目制定出自己的“创业计划”和 “行动计划”。从而步上创业的实践之路。
•
• •
Language.该项考试是美国教育考试服务处为申请到美 国和其他英语国家大学学习的非英语国家的学生提供的 英语水平考试. GRE考试的英文全称为Graduate Record Examination. GRE是美国教育考试服务处提供的研究生入学资格考试. GMAT考试的英文全称是Graduate Management Admission Test. GMAT是美国管理专业招收研究生的入 学考试. IELTS考试的英文全称是International English Language Testing Service.IELTS是由英国文化委员会, 剑桥大学地方考试委员会和澳大利亚高等院校联合会国 际开发署共同管理的英语水平测试.测试对象为申请到 英国和澳大利亚大学学习本科和研究生课程的非英语国 家的学生.
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10
History of automotive engines
1859 - Oil discovered at Drake’s Well, Titusville, Pennsylvania (20 barrels per day) - 40 year supply 1876 - Premixed-charge 4-stroke engine - Otto
1st practical ICE Power: 2 hp; Weight: 1250 pounds Comp. ratio = 4 (knock limited), 14% efficiency (theory 38%) Today CR = 9 (still knock limited), 30% efficiency (theory 55%)
1897 - Nonpremixed-charge engine - Diesel - higher efficiency due to
Higher compression ratio (no knock problem) No throttling loss - use fuel/air ratio to control power
5
What is / is not an ICE?
IS
Gasoline-fueled reciprocating piston engine Diesel-fueled reciprocating piston engine Gas turbine Rocket
IS NOT Steam power plant Solar power plant Nuclearitty gritty
Summary
2
Part 1:
Automotive engines: how and why
Introduction
Hydrocarbon-fueled ICEs are the power plant of choice for vehicles in the power range from 5 Watts to 100,000,000 Watts, and have been for 100 years There is an unlimited amount of inaccurate, misleading and/or dogmatic information about ICEs This seminar’s messages
Internal Combustion Engines: The Worst Form of Vehicle Propulsion Except for All the Other Forms
A primer on IC engines and their alternatives
Paul D. Ronney Deparment of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Southern California
9
Smallest internal combustion engine
Cox Tee Dee 010 Application: model airplanes Weight: 0.49 oz. Displacement: 0.00997 in3 (0.163 cm3) RPM: 30,000 Power: 5 watts Ignition: Glow plug Typical fuel: castor oil (10 - 20%), nitromethane (0 - 50%), balance methanol Good power/weight (0.22 hp/lb) but poor performance Low efficiency (< 5%) Emissions & noise unacceptable for many applications
Classification of ICEs
Definition of an ICE: a heat engine in which the heat source is a combustible mixture that also serves as the working fluid The working fluid in turn is used either to
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History of automotive engines
1921 - Tetraethyl lead anti-knock additive discovered at General Motors
Enabled higher compression ratio (thus more power, better efficiency) in Otto-type engines
1901 - Spindletop Dome, east Texas - Lucas #1 gusher produces 100,000 barrels per day - ensures that “2nd Industrial Revolution” will be fueled by oil, not coal or wood - 40 year supply
7
Largest internal combustion engine
Wartsila-Sulzer RTA96-C turbocharged two-stroke diesel, built in Finland, used in container ships 14 cylinder version: weight 2300 tons; length 89 feet; height 44 feet; max. power 108,920 hp @ 102 rpm; max. torque 5,608,312 ft lb @ 102 RPM Power/weight = 0.024 hp/lb Also one of the most efficient IC engines: 51%
Download this presentation:
/WhyICEngines-expanded.ppt
Outline
Automotive engines
Definition of Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) Types of ICEs History and evolution of ICEs Things you need to know before… Gas turbines What are the alternatives to ICEs? How they work Why they’re designed that way Gasoline vs. diesel Practical perspective
Produce shaft work by pushing on a piston or turbine blade that in turn drives a rotating shaft or Creates a high-momentum fluid that is used directly for propulsive force
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Most powerful internal combustion engine
Wartsila-Sulzer RTA96-C is the largest IC engine, but the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters are the most powerful (≈ 42 million horsepower (32 hp/lb); not shaft power but kinetic energy of exhaust stream) Most powerful shaft-power engine: Siemens SGT5-8000H stationary gas turbine (340 MW = 456,000 HP) (0.52 hp/lb) used for electrical power generation
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ICE family tree
Internal Combustion Engines
Steady Gas Turbine Uses compressor and turbine, not piston-cylinder Turboshaft All shaft work to drive propeller, generator, rotor (helicopter) Turbofan Part shaft, part jet "ducted propeller" Turbojet All jet except for work needed to drive compressor Ramjet No compressor or turbine Use high Mach no. ram effect for compression Rocket Carries both fuel and oxidant Jet power only, no shaft work Solid fuel Fuel and oxidant are premixed and put inside combustion chamber Liquid fuel Fuel and oxidant are initially separated and pumped into combustion chamber Non-steady Premixed-charge Fuel and air are mixed before/during compression Usually ignited with spark after compression Two-stroke One complete thermodynamic cycle per revolution of engine Four-stroke One complete thermodynamic cycle per two revolutions of engine Non-premixed charge Only air is compressed, fuel is injected into cylinder after compression Two-stroke One complete thermodynamic cycle per revolution of engine Four-stroke One complete thermodynamic cycle per two revolutions of engine