西南交通大学研究生科技英语翻译期末复习题
西南交大科技英语翻译期末考试复习题附标准答案

1.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoesto rise above the water.这里,由于地心的剧烈活动,使山脉和火山升出水面。
After the Australian Taxation Office made its taxation forms simpler, it actually received praise from taxpayers who could finally understand it.澳大利亚税务局将其表格文字简化后,受到了纳税人的广泛称赞,因为他们终于能看懂这些表格了Although people are born to win, they are also born helpless and totally dependent on their environment. Winners successfully make the transition from total helplessness to independence, and then to interdependence. Losers do not.虽然人们生来要成功,然而,他们同样生来就是无助的,完全依靠环境。
成功者成功地从完全不能自立过渡到了独立,然后过渡到相互依靠。
失败者则不然。
Darwin was convinced that the loss of the tastes in music and drawing was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.达尔文认为,失去对音乐和绘画方面的兴趣,不仅失去了幸福,而且还可能损伤智力,甚至可能会伤害道德。
翻译往年考试题交大科技英语

1、本文开发了一种XX装置,可大大提高YY系统的稳定性与抗干扰能力。
This paper developed a device of XX,which could greatly enhance the stability and anti-jamming ability of YY system2、从实验结果可以看出,当X值升高的时候,Y值也将随之升高,而Z值却呈下降趋势。
至于W值的少许波动,作者认为可能是环境温度造成的结果。
如果溶液浓度或电流密度能控制的话,这种现象就会得到缓减甚至消除。
It can be seen from the experimental results that when XX increases,YYwill also increase and (however,)ZZ shows a decreasing tendency ,As for the slight fluctuation of WW, the author thanks(accordiing to author’s opinion)it may be caused by…(result from…) If the solution concentration or current density could be controlled stable,this phenomenon may acquire alleviation even elimination ,on this problem XX et al have explained in a scientific report about.3、实验结果表明,该装置的各项有关参数均符合国家工业标准,而且耐候性能大大优于进口同类产品,填补了我国在该领域的空白,也为进一步开发高性能高压电器(high-voltage apparatus)打下了良好的基础。
科技英语翻译试题2套

1答案请写在答题纸上。
Part one: Sentence Translation(30%)1.为此,必须对电路(circuit)的基本内容有一个很好的了解。
2.这个系数(coefficient)有待确定。
3.现有的教科书均没有提这一点。
4.由于反馈(feedback)在电子线路(electronic circuit)中起着重要作用,所以对它的研究极为重要。
5.有迹象表明,计算机的价格将进一步下跌。
6.这个方法的确管用,不过到底该在什么情况下使用它尚不清楚。
7.十年前该厂的产量比现在高五倍。
8.激光(laser)是二十世纪六十年代引入的一项新技术,它能穿透(pierce)特别硬的物质。
9.为使晶体管(transistor)正常工作,必须给其电极(electrode)加(apply)上合适的电压(voltage)。
10.代表磁场(magnetic field)的磁力线(magnetic line of force)是一些围绕该导线的同心圆(concentric circle)。
11.我们所谓的机器人(robot)实际上是能为人类做工的一种工具。
12.这类天线(antenna)和那类天线相比的优点是结构简单,效率高。
13.半导体(semiconductor)对光和热都很敏感(sensitive),这两者都对导电率(conductivity)影响很大。
14.只有通过对系统性能进行研究我们才能了解其优缺点。
15.本书既讲了实际的设计方法,同时也讲述了理论问题,而重点放在一般概念上。
Part two: Mistakes Correction(30%)(Write down the corrected sentence on the answer sheet. )1. We are easy to determine the effect of new drug to patient.2. The direction of an electric current was decided before electrons were not discovered.3. Sound travel much less faster than light is.4. The price for this instrument is expensive.5. There are a few exceptions for this rule.6. The hotter the body will be, the more it radiates energy.7. The feature of this device is small in size and light in weight.8. That professor is very interesting in this topic.9. Our semiconductor industry comes into being at the end of 1950s.10. The both engineers are busy to design a type of new computer.11. Work equals to force multiplying distance.12. The new design instrument is in good quality.13. The ability for some elements to give off radiations is referred as theradioactivity.Part three:Read this article, translate the underlined sentences(15%), answer the questions (15%)and then summarize this article within 100 words (10%).The Dazzle of Lasers(激光)The acronym(首字母缩写词)"laser," describes how the device works: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. In 1916 Einstein predicted that electrons(电子) in an atom could be deliberately stimulated to emit photons(光子) (light energy) of a certain wavelength. He was right. The laser must first be "pumped" with energy in a variety of ways so that the electrons are excited into higher energy states. But these high energy electrons are unstable--and fall back to a lower energy level. On the way down, their extra energy is released(释放)as light. That light is captured inside the laser and amplified by bouncing it back and forth between mirrors. The laser beam that emerges is amplified, monochromatic (单色的), coherent light --and it shines with an unearthly power.Not until 1960 did Theodore Maiman, a 33-year-old engineer at Hughes Research Laboratories, build a homely four-inch cylinder containing a ruby rod encircled by a flash tube: the world's first working laser.More than two decades later, the laser has wrought a technological revolution. Lasers are an indispensable tool for delicate eye surgery, and doctors are using lasers experimentally to destroy cancerous tumors(肿瘤), unclog(使畅通) diseased arteries (动脉) and even treat herpes(疱疹). Just as they provide new tools for health care, however, they also make possible new engines of destruction: recently Dr. Edward Teller, the father of the hydrogen bomb(氢弹), called on President Reagon to urge that the United States build a space-based laser-weapon system that would use a nuclear bomb to fire brutally intense laser X-rays against enemy missiles in flight.Today pilots flying the new Boeing 767 and 757 aircraft navigate with the aid of new laser gyroscopes(陀螺仪). Supermarket clerks use lasers to ring up prices at the checkout counter by "reading" universal bar-codes(条形码) printed on packages and canned goods. Powerful lasers cut and weld(焊) steel in factories from Detroit to Tokyo. Artists and filmmakers are beginning to use lasers for animation(动画): at Lucasfilm, George Lucas has a team of computer wizards(奇才) developing a machinethat uses a computer-driven laser to draw animated images on film; a second film, with human actors, is then merged by laser with the graphics into a single seamless (无缝的) whole.How does the laser work? Anyone who has ever focused sunlight through a magnifying glass and watched paper or dry leaves snap into flames understands the power of concentrated light. Laser light is intense, concentrated light, too, but it works on a different principle. Shine sunlight through a prism(棱镜) and it breaks into the glorious colors of the rainbow. In the scientists' vocabulary, sunlight is "incoherent" --it is made up of a mix of wavelengths spanning the spectrum(光谱)from infrared(红外线) to ultraviolet(紫外线). Laser light, on the other hand, is monochromatic and coherent-it shines at a single wavelength, and all the light waves march together in step like soldiers on parade(游行).In the two decades since its invention, the laser has undergone a dramatic transformation: a wide variety of gas, solid-state, diode(二极管) and other lasers has been created. Each shines at a different wavelength; some pulse on and off, others operate continuously.When the laser moved out of the laboratory, one of its first and most significant applications was as a medical tool. Lasers are commonly used for delicate surgery inside the eye. In treating blood-vessel disorders resulting from complications(并发症) of diabetes(糖尿病), doctors aim a fine beam of argon laser light(氩激光) through the pupil(瞳孔) of the eye and place up to 2000 tiny laser burns very closely around the back portion of the retina(视网膜). These laser "welds" prevent harmful growth or rupture(断裂) of new, unwanted blood vessels.The very properties that make lasers dangerous --power and heat--are also being put to use to destroy some kinds of brain and spinal(脊髓的) tumors. Lasers have brought a new frontier to neurosurgery(神经外科). They have made some inoperable tumors operable and high-risk tumors less high risk.Warfare is also changing as laser technology advances. Laser guidance systems have brought once unimaginable accuracy to artillery(炮). In the near future, higher-intensity lasers may be used to blind the electronic sensory systems of aircraft, missiles, tanks and ships. And ultimately, some visionaries insists, the globe could be surrounded by a platoon(排) of orbiting battle stations armed with lasers capable of destroying planes and missiles within seconds of their beinglaunched.Just as they are opening new doors to medicine and military practices, lasers are also having a profound impact on communications. Instead of sunbeams, today's light-wave communication systems use laser light ricocheting through tiny glass fibers. Lasers generate light waves at extraordinarily high frequencies--in the range of trillions of cycles per second --which makes it possible to transmit enormous quantities of information. In addition, fiber-optic cables are cheaper than copper wire and are not subject to electromagnetic interference, or the annoying cross talk(串话) and static that plague(折磨) current systems. The big breakthrough was the semiconductor laser.Someday laser light may be piped through giant optic cables into deep ocean waters to create undersea farms; it may be beamed into space to talk to orbiting space stations. Lasers also may be used to fire extremely precise light pulses at DNA molecules, altering the structure of chromosomes(染色体) and thereby repairing defective genes --or even creating new forms of life. And eventually billions of lasers will link the world in a vast information network, a global village of light.1.How does the laser work?2.What is the difference between sunlight and the laser?3.Is the laser absolutely safe? If not, please explain.4.What are the advantages of the semiconductor laser in the communications field?5.In what fields is the laser applied?Part one:1.For this purpose, it is necessary to have a good understanding of the fundamentals of thecircuit.2.This coefficient remains to be determined.3.None of the textbook available mentions this point.4.Since feedback plays an important role in the electronic circuit, its study is very important.5.There is an indication that the price of computers will fall further.6.This method does work, but it is not clear in what condition it is that it should be used.7.The output of this factory 10 years ago is 6 times what it is now.8. A new technology introduced in the 1960s, laser can pierce very hard substances.9.For the transistor to work normally, it is necessary to apply a proper voltage across theelectrode.10.The magnetic lines of force representing the magnetic field are some concentric circlessurrounding the wire.11.What is called a robot is a tool which can do work for the human being.12.This type of antenna has the advantages over that one of simple structure and high efficiency.13.Semiconductors are sensitive to light and hear, both of which have a great impact onconductivity.14.Only through a study of the system’s performance is it possible to know its advantages anddisadvantages.15.This book discusses both practical design method and theoretical problems with emphasis onthe basic concept.Part two:1.It is easy to determine the effect of the new drug on the patient.2.The direction of the electric current had been decided before electrons were discovered.3.Sound travels much more slowly that light does.4.This instrument is expensive.5.There are a few exceptions to this rule.6.The hotter the body is, the more energy it radiates.7.This device is small and light.8.That professor is much interested in this topic.9.Our semiconductor industry came into being at the end of the 1950s.10.Both the engineers are busy designing a new type of computer.11.Work equals force multiplied by distance.12.The newly designed instrument is good in quality.13.The ability of some elements ot give off radiations is referred as the radioactivity.Part three:Translation:1. 20多年前,激光引发了一场技术革命。
科技英语翻译考题整理

【科技英语翻译】考题整理1、The waster radiation is revolutionizing X-ray science, enabling researchers to see things on an atomic level with eyes that are a million times more powerful than ever before,这种被视为废物的辐射使 X 射线科学发声了一场革命:它使科研工作者能用眼睛看到原子级的东西,这一放大率比以往提高了 100 万倍。
2、If we had known the properties of the material, we should have made full use of it. 要是当时了解这种材料的特性的话,我们就会充分利用它了。
3 、Moving parts of a machine would wear much more rapidly without being oiled. 机器的运动部件如果不加油就会磨损的非常快。
4 、Cool slowly to minimize cracking. 要慢慢冷却,以最大限度的减少开裂。
5、Don`t let the stresses inside the material exceed the elastic limit, or else permanent deformation will result.不要使材料的应力超过弹性极限,否则会产生永久变形。
6 、Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。
7 、Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受各种活动物体的图像。
实用科技英语翻译-期末考试复习题

2009-2010学年第2学期《实用科技英语翻译》期末考试题型和复习题I Answer the following questions related to EST Translation (30’)(2个题)1. What’s the definition of EST (English of Science & Technology)?EST (English for Science & Technology or Technical English or Scientific English) is a special language variety widely used in the fields of science and technology. It’s believed that it first came to being in the 1950s along with the rapid development of science and technology, and it many researchers and scholars began to conduct investigation of this common feature of this special genre including reading comprehension, writing and even translation.2. What are stylistic features of EST?Completely different from other genres such as everyday English, literature English, EST has its own stylistic features due to the specialty in content, field and discourse functions, and partly due to the unique habits of EST writers, which are mostly represented in lexical level and syntactical level.3. What are the general features of Compound Technical Terms?A. accuracy(确切性): accurately reflect the nature of the conceptB. monosemy(单义性): one sense for one wordC .systematization(系统性):the individual technical terms in a given field should be in a specific level so as to constitute a common systemD. linguistically correct(语言的正确性): in accordance with the word-formation in the same languageE. conciseness(简明性): concise and easy to rememberF. motivation(理据性): just as the name implies, one can know the meaning of the word.G. stability(稳定性): stable and unlikely to changeH. productivity(能产性): once established, it is easy to produce more neologisms based the original one by means of word-formation4. What are common rules for Technical Term Translation?As such, we should deal with the relationship of the following aspects:A. monosemy vs. concisenessmonosemy is the priorityB. motivation vs. accuracyAs science knowledge is rather abstract, motivation in translation is preferredC. stability vs. productivityProductivity is the priorityD. systematization vs. linguistically correctBefore translation of compound technical terms, we should be aware of the nature and tradition of Chinese word-formation.E. Chinese language trait vs. concisenessAs for the numbers of characters, we prefer to use pair characters (偶数词语)or even 4-character expressions(四字结构).II. Underline and mark out the themes and rhymes of the following sentences with the capital letters T and R respectively. (10’)(2个题)1. Aluminum, though much less strong than steel, can be given a strength approaching that of steel when it is alloyed with small quantities of copper, manganese and magnesium, and subjected to hot treatment processes.Parallel:T-R1+R2+R3… Aluminum, though much less strong than steel, can be given a strength approaching that of steel when it is alloyed with small quantities of copper, manganese and magnesium, and subjected to hot treatment processes.2. Each cylinder therefore is encased in a water jacket, which forms part of a circuit through which water is pumped continuously, and cooled by means of air drawn in from the outside atmosphere by large rotary fans, worked off the main crankshaft, or in the large diesel-electric locomotives, by auxiliary motors.3. We, the authors having handled a variety of metals and alloys for over forty years, can reassure those following that there is still much scope for craft and ingenuity in metallurgy, despite the fact that great strides have been made in it as a science during the past seventy years, and also that real fundamental understanding and valid explanations of many of the properties of metals which are used by man still call for intensive scientific work.We, the authors having handled a variety of metals and alloys for over forty years, can reassure those following (Theme) that there is still much scope for craft and ingenuity in metallurgy, despiteIII. Improve the following translation. As for the first sentence you should provide your improved English translation and as for the second sentence you should provide the improved Chinese one. (10’)(2个题)1.活塞与气缸的配合问题,对发动机的使用寿命影响极大。
英汉互译期末复习

英汉互译期末复习一、翻译下列短语tourist visa 旅游签证special report 专题报道circus performance 马戏lyric poem 抒情诗internal combustion engine 内燃机Parataxis 意合Joseph Needham 李约瑟fundamental issue 基本问题theatrical mask 戏剧脸谱The Waterloo Bridge 魂断蓝桥village head 村长diplomatic passport 外交护照senior nurse 主任护士network transaction 网络交易area of news coverage 现场采访chain reaction 连锁反应data highway 信息高速公路 a stick-and –carrot policy 大棒加胡萝卜政策老乡fellow-townsman 公务员civil service头条新闻top/headline news 事倍功半half result with double efforts勿靠近车门keep clear of door 入境签证entry visa阶梯教室lecture theatre 免税商店duty-free shop安全检查security check 情人节the Valent ine’s Day元宵节the Lantern Festival 沉默是金Silence is golden杂技表演acrobatic performance 执行主席executive chairman科技英语English for science and technology经济舱Economy Class 商务舱Business Class功臣the great contributor 武术martial art出发点starting point 室温room temperature蜀南竹海the Bamboo Forest in Southern Sichuan澳门Macao 归化adaptation红糖brown sugar二、翻译下列句子1.When we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable. We seldomthink of it. The days stretch out in endless vista. So we go about our pettytasks, hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.当我们年富力强时,死亡几乎是不可想象的。
科技英语翻译课后题答案

科技英语翻译1.1 翻译的标准第1节翻译练习1The power plant is the heart of a ship.The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.动力装置是船舶的心脏。
驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。
第1节翻译练习2Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.Cramped conditions means that passengers’legs cannot move around freely.All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.半导体装置也称为晶体管我们知道空间狭窄第1节翻译练习3The removal of minerals from water is called softening.A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成 1.2 对译者的要求第4节翻译练习1 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。
英语科技翻译考试题及答案

英语科技翻译考试题及答案一、单选题(每题2分,共20分)1. The term "nanotechnology" refers to the technology that deals with structures on a scale of ________.A. nanometersB. millimetersC. centimetersD. meters答案:A2. In the context of artificial intelligence, "neural network" is a model inspired by ________.A. human brainB. computer algorithmsC. natural languageD. mechanical engineering答案:A3. The process of converting solar energy into electricity is known as ________.A. photosynthesisB. thermodynamicsC. solar photovoltaicsD. nuclear fusion答案:C4. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a quantum computer?A. SuperpositionB. EntanglementC. DeterministicD. Quantum tunneling答案:C5. The term "biotechnology" is often associated with the manipulation of ________.A. electronic devicesB. living organismsC. chemical compoundsD. geological formations答案:B6. In the field of robotics, "actuator" refers to a component that ________.A. senses the environmentB. processes informationC. moves or controls a mechanismD. stores energy答案:C7. "Internet of Things" (IoT) involves the interconnection of everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data,which is based on ________.A. cloud computingB. artificial intelligenceC. machine learningD. traditional networking答案:A8. The abbreviation "AI" stands for ________.A. Artificial IntelligenceB. Artificial InputC. Advanced InterfaceD. Automated Interaction答案:A9. "Genetic engineering" involves the ________ of an organism's genes.A. removalB. additionC. modificationD. replication答案:C10. "Cybersecurity" is concerned with protecting ________.A. physical infrastructureB. digital informationC. environmental resourcesD. financial assets答案:B二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. The smallest unit of data in computing is called a________.答案:bit2. A ________ is a type of computer system designed to recognize, interpret, and simulate human actions.答案:robot3. In computer science, "algorithm" refers to a well-defined procedure that produces an answer to a ________.答案:problem4. The study of the behavior and interactions of dispersed phase(s) in a fluid medium is known as ________.答案:fluid mechanics5. A ________ is a device that uses light to transmit information.答案:fiber optic6. The process of converting data into a format that can be easily shared or analyzed is called ________.答案:data mining7. "Virtual reality" is a computer-generated simulation of a ________ environment.答案:three-dimensional8. The ________ is a set of rules that defines how data is formatted, transmitted, received, and processed.答案:protocol9. A ________ is a type of computer program that canreplicate itself and often spread to other computers.答案:virus10. "Machine learning" is a subset of artificial intelligence that allows computers to learn from and make decisions based on ________.答案:data三、阅读理解题(每题5分,共30分)阅读以下段落,并回答问题。
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科技英语翻译联系200句transmit electromagnetic waves takes energy.传送电磁波需要能量control will do most of things in pest control.化学防治能在病虫害防治中起主要作用。
is not until wires are connected that the path is completed.直到导线接上以后,此电路才接通。
odds are heavily against any man being able to do the work in the field of abstract theory that Einstein is doing.对任何能从事爱因斯坦正在进行的抽象理论研究的人来说,条件都是极为不利的。
design is of an art rather than an exact science.与其说振荡器的设计是一门严谨的科学,不如说它是一门艺术。
rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed.发现迅速减少到(了)1/7。
and animals which hunt at night have eyes which contain few or no cones at all,so they cannot see colors.凡是夜间觅食的飞禽走兽,因为眼睛中的视维细胞数量极少或根本没有,所以不能辨别颜色。
is sometimes powerful enough to destroy a coastwise building it strikes.海啸有时威力很大,足可摧毁它所冲击的沿岸的建筑物。
everybody is convinced the Leaning Tower of Pisa really can be saved.并非每个人都相信比萨斜塔真的能免于坍塌。
crane has a certain hittingcapacity, ranging from a few tons to many hundreds of tons.每台起重机均有一定的起重力(量),该起重力(量)从几吨到几百吨不等。
best solution is continue to reduce all sources of pollution affecting our atmousphere.最好的方法是继续减少影响大气层的各种污染物。
12. Quantum chemistry is still in its infancy.量子化学仍处于发展初期。
is these drawbacks which need to be eliminated and which have led to the search for new processes.正是因为这些缺点需要消除,才导致了对新方法的探求。
systems often need extraordinary precautions to guard against possible break down of computer.实时系统往往需要特别小心,以防止计算机可能发生故障。
steam engine uses a fire in a boiler rather than inside the engine.蒸汽机所利用的是锅炉中的火,而不是发动机里边的火。
principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight.这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。
primary purpose in studying fatigue is to understand why failures occur so that we can guard against them in an optimum manner.我们研究疲劳的主要目的在于了解产生失效的原因,以便能以最佳的方式加以预防。
system will build on theknowledge and experience gained in developing the existing suite of software products.这个系统的基础是从开发现有的成套软件产品中所获得的知识和经验。
metals do not conduct electricity equally well.并非所有的金属的导电性能都同样好。
means that the mass of the comet cannot have amounted to as much as one ten-thousandth of that of the earth.这表明这颗彗星的质量甚至不到地球质量的万分之一。
programs help to determine when to replace parts.检验计划有助于确定更换零件的时间。
health-conscious women increase their risk by rejecting red meat ,which contains the most easily absorbed from of iron.许多保健意识太强的女性也很危险,因为他们拒绝食用牛肉或羊肉等肉,而这些肉中所含的铁质量最容易被吸收。
consider it no use adding more catalysts in the solution.他们认为在溶液里再加催化剂没有用。
24The entire circuit should be checked against the schematic diagram.应该对照示意图检查整个电路。
is so because the resistance to motion is essentially due to the deformation of the rolling elements and,hence, is not a sliding phenomenon.之所以这样,是因为对运动的阻力源于滚动零件的变形,而不是滑动现象。
equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5.该设备误差概率降低了(到)4/5。
we commonly call metals are in fact not metals but alloys.我们通常称作金属的东西,实际上并不是金属,而是合金。
few people were infected with the AIDS virus through blood transfusions.曾有少数人通过输血传染上了艾滋病毒。
performance of the machine is short of the requirements.这台机器的性能没有达到要求。
major advantages of the transistor as used in electronic circuits are light weight,small space,low power consumption .使用在电子电路中的晶体管的主要优点是重量轻,体积小,耗电量低。
specific method of cutting should be employed to decrease the generation of an andante amount of heat.应采用特殊的切割方法减少过多热量的产生。
32. While this restriction on the size of the circuit holds, the law is valid.只要电路尺寸符合上述的限制,这条定律就能适应于该电路。
“weightless”condition of astronauts in orbit about the earth arises from just this cancellation of inertial and gravitational forces.围绕地球运转时宇航员的“失重”状态,就是由于惯性力与引力相互抵消的结果。
is well-known that a moving electrical charge generates a circular magnetic field aroundits path众所周知,运动中的电荷在其路途周围产生一个环形磁场。
calculation of the values involves so many factors that only a computer can cope with it.这些数值的计算包含如此多的因子,以至于只有计算机才能对付得了。
the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times.电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10。
energy and matter behave, how they interact one with the other, and how we control them make up the substance of two basic physical sciences, physics and chemistry.能量和物质具有什么特性,他们怎样相互作用以及我们如何控制它们,这就构成了物理和化学两门基础科学的内容。
any machine whose input and forces are known, its mechanical advantage can be calculated.对任何机器来说,如果知其输入力和输出力,就能求出其机械效率。
such cases an antifriction bearing might be a poor answer.这时如果用减摩轴承,可能不是一种好的解决方法。
amount of heat given out by the heater increases in direct proportion to the length of time the heater is on.加热器所放出的热量与加热器开的时间长短成正比。
oxygen was blown into, bacteria was stimulated to eat the toxic wastes.注入氧气后,促使细菌吞噬掉有毒的污物。