青岛科技大学考研真题-综合考试2011
青岛科技大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试基础英语试题
青岛科技大学二○一一年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：基础英语注意事项：1．本试卷共4道大题（共计73个小题），满分150分；2．本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，答案一律写在答题卷上，写在该试题卷上或草纸上均无效。
要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；3．必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。
﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡Part I Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points)1. When he ______ all the newspapers, he’ll go home.a. sellb. has soldc. will have soldd. will be sold2. The machine starts the moment the button ______.a. will be pressedb. is pressedc. has pressedd. has been pressed3. Now that you ______, what are you going to do?a. returnb. are returningc. have returnedd. returned4. I had hoped Mr. Smith ______ me an early reply.a. would giveb. gavec. to gived. giving5. Please be sure to call me the next time you ______.a. will comeb. would comec. comed. shall come6. He went on foot, but he ______ by bus.a. should gob. could have gonec. ought have goned. could be gone7. “Time is running out, ______?”a. hadn’t we better got startb. hadn’t we better get startc. hadn’t we better get startedd. hadn’t we better got started8. Were it not for the debts, we ______ all right.a. would beb. would have beenc. wered. are9. When Joyce was told the whole story, she ______ in the film.a. ceased interestb. ceased being interestedc. ceased interestedd. ceased to interest10. We often hear about airplanes ______ because of technical faults.a. delayingb. being delayedc. be delayedd. to be delayed11. Revolution means ______ the productive forces.a. to liberateb. liberatec. liberatedd. liberating12. Why do you stand and watch the milk ______ over?a. boilingb. boiledc. to boild. being boiled13. A phone call sent him ______ to the hospital.a. hurryb. hurryingc. to hurryd. hurried14. They want the power station ______ as soon as possible.a. to set upb. to be set upc. being set upd. to have been set up15. Once ______ oxygen, the brain dies.a. deprived ofb. depriving ofc. having deprived ofd. deprived16. Every means ______ tried but without much result.a. has beenb. have beenc. ared. is17. The young in spirit ______ the vital forces in our society.a. isb. arec. has beend. have been18. Rarely ______ such a silly thing.a. have I heard ofb. I have been heard ofc. have I been heard ofd. I have heard of19. He knows little of mathematics, ______ of chemistry.A. as well as b. and still less c. no less than d. and still more20. Five minutes earlier, ______ we could have caught the last train.a. orb. butc. andd. so21. He works too hard. That is ______ is wrong with him.a. that whichb. that whatc. whatd. the thing that22. Scarcely was George Washington in his teens ______ his father died.a. thanb. asc. whiled. when23. Electricity power is transmitted from power plant to places ______.a. that it is neededb. to which it is neededc. where it is neededd. when it is needed24. That terrible noise is ______ me mad.a. puttingb. settingc. drivingd. turning25. All the rooms have ______ carpets, which are included in the price of the house.a. adaptedb. designedc. equippedd. fitted26. Is this a good camera? Can it take color ______?a. portraitsb. filmshowsc. picturesd. paintings27. His advice to wear white clothes in a hot, sunny climate was followed.This ______ helped people to be cooler.a. demandb. recommendationc. inventiond. request28. I just have a few household ______ to cope with and then I’ll be freeto come out with you.a. assignmentsb. chargesc. choresd. errands29. His breaking of the rules set a dangerous ______.a. customb. precedentc. practiced. usage30. They had dug out an ice cave to provide ______ for the night.a. safetyb. refugec. retreatd. shelterPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Read the article carefully and answer the questions that follow in Section A, B, C, and D.CIVILIZATION & HISTORY1 Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured a field, but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of the conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently----this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done ----is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.2 That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or mutilated. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets----while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life---nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.3 But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young children indeed, babies, in fact, of a few months old. Scientists reckon that there has been life of some sort on the earth in the form of jelly-fish and that kind of creature for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there have been civilized men for about eight thousand years at the outside. These figures are difficult to grasp; so let us scale them down. Suppose that we reckon the whole past of living creatures on the earth as one hundredyears; then the whole past of man works out at about one month, and during that month there have been civilizations for between seven and eight hours. So you see there has been little time to learn in, but there will be oceans of time in which to learn better. Taking man’s civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future, that is to say, the whole period between now and when the sun grows too cold to maintain life any longer on the earth, at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its civilized life, and as I say, we must not expect too much. The past of man has been on the whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and bullying and gorging and grabbing and hurting. We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things. All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done something else.Section AAnswer the following questions.31.This essay can be divided into two main parts, although it has threeparagraphs. Where do you think the second part begins----at the beginning of the second paragraph or of the third?32.Which of the following sentences gives the best summary of the firstpart?(a) Some of the people who helped civilization forward are notmentioned at all in history books.(b) Conquerors and generals have been our most famous men, but theydid not help civilization forward.(c) It is true that people today do not fight or kill people in the streets.33.Which of the following sentences best summarizes the second part ofthe essay?(a) In order to understand the long periods of history, we have to scalethem down to shorter periods.(b) The past of man has been on the whole a pretty beastly business.(c) Mankind is only at the beginning of civilized life; so we mustexpect a great deal of civilization at this stage.34. What the examples does the author give of people who really helpedcivilization forward?35. In what way are great soldiers similar to animals?36. Are people today more civilized in any way than in the past? If so, inwhat way?37. What were the earliest forms of life on this earth?38. When will there be no life on this earth, according to the author?39. The word ‘figure’ is both used in the first paragraph and in the third.Does it have the same meaning in both places? If not, what are itstwo different meanings?40. Is the author hopeful about the figure of civilization? How do you know?Section BAnswer the questions by choosing the best alternative (a, b, c, d) under each.41. In the first sentence, the author says that______.(a) most history books were written by conquerors, general and soldiers.(b) no one who really helped civilization forward is mentioned in anyhistory books.(c) history books tell us far more about conquerors and soldiers than about thosewho helped civilization forward.(d) conquerors, generals and soldiers should not be mentioned in history books.42. On all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world, we find_____.(a) the figure of the same conqueror or general or soldier.(b) the figure of some conqueror or general or soldier.(c) a figure representing the number of conquerors, generals andsoldiers in that country.(d) the figure of a person who helped civilization forward.43. Most people believe that the greatest countries are _____.(a) those that built the highest pillars.(b) those that were beaten in battle by the greatest number of othercountries.(c) those that were ruled by the greatest number of conquerors.(d) those that won greatest number of battles against other countries.44. In the author’s opinion, the countries that ruled a large number ofother countries are _____.(a) certainly not the greatest in any way.(b) neither the greatest not the most civilized(c) possibly the most civilized but not the greatest.(d) possibly the greatest in some sense but not the most civilized.45. The author says that civilized people _____.(a) should not have any quarrels to settle.(b) should not fight when there are no quarrels to settle.(c) should settle their quarrels without fighting.(d) should settle their quarrels by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side.46. ‘That is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.’ The meaning of this sentence is that _____.(a) those who fight believe that the winner is right and the loser wrong.(b) only those who are powerful should go to war.(c) those who are right should fight against those who are wrong.(d) in a war only those who are powerful will win.47. ‘Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history.’ The author says this in order to show that our own age is _____.(a) different from those of the past.(b) not much better than those of the past.(c) much better than those of the past.(d) not so civilized as those of the past.48. ‘From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young children indeed.’ The author says this in order to show that _____.(a) very young children are not civilized.(b) evolution does not help civilization forward.(c) human beings have learnt very little in a very long time.(d) human beings are still at the beginning of their life on this earth.49. The scale which the author uses for representing time is _____.(a) one month = one million years.(b) one hundred years = eight thousand years.(c) one year = one million years.(d) one month = twelve hundred million years.50. ‘We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done thesethings.’ Thissuggests that _____.(a) those who have done any fighting and bullying cannot be consideredcivilized.(b) there is nothing wrong if civilized people do some fighting andbullying.(c) even civilized people have done some fighting and bullying.(d) civilized people have never done any fighting and bullying. Section CFind single words in this essay which have roughly the meanings given below.51.uncivilized person52.fertilized53.image of a person made from stone, metal etc.54.quarrel or difference of opinion55.strength or power56.all human beings considered together57.boneless sea-animal which evolved very early on58.count or estimate59.as bad as animals in behaviors60. causing painSection DMatch the words given under A with the meaning given under B. list B has some extra items.A B61. grab (a) gradual development62. mutilate (b) honorable, famous63. seaworthy (c) a straight, tall support64. reckon (d) good at producing results65. conqueror (e) fit to sail in the sea(f) think (on the basis of a calculation)66. glorious (g) get hold of67. bully (h) one who defeats another country68. pillar (i) be cruel to someone weaker69. evolution (j) destroy or injure an important part70. efficient (k) one who gets other people to fight for him(l) put things on a smaller scale(m) an officer of the navyPart III Translation (50 points)Section ATranslate the underlined part of the Chinese text into English.人生里有离别也是好事。
青岛科技大学2011年-2012年考研试题671情报学基础
青岛科技大学二○一一年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：情报学基础注意事项：1．本试卷共5道大题（共计16个小题），满分150分；2．本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，答案一律写在答题卷上，写在该试题卷上或草纸上均无效。
要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；3．必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。
﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡一、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1、采用Google搜索引擎进行检索时，请写出4种能够有效设定检索范围的检索算符（1）________（2）________（3）_______（4）_______2、竞争情报研究的内容包括（5）__________（6）________（7）________（8）_________3、一般竞争情报按性质划分为（9）_________（10）___________二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1、什么是反竞争情报，包括哪几个部分？2、什么是小世界原理？试构想你和一个素不相识的非洲肯尼亚人的联系方式。
3、简述德尔菲法及特点三、解析题（每题10分，共30分）1、汽车时速200公里的情况下发生交通事故的概率是否大于汽车在时速50公里时的概率？中国至今未发生一起汽车时速350公里以上的交通事故，你认为原因何在？2、美国一家报纸经过研究发现，美国的暴力事件大多数发生在家中，纽约中央公园也经常发生暴力事件，但发生概率却低于在家中，故人们睡在中央公园要比家里更安全。
这个推理是否正确，为什么？3、一个农场主饲养了一些家畜，其中57%是牛，14%是猪，其余的畜类占29%，如果其余的畜类包括了鸡和羊。
这个农场主最少养的各种畜类是多少？四、逻辑题（每题5分，共25分）请从A/B/C/D/E中选择一个最适合的答案。
1、为了估计当前人们对管理基本知识掌握的水平，《管理者》杂志向读者开展了一次管理知识有奖答卷活动。
答卷评分后发现，60%的参加者对管理基本知识掌握的水平很高，30%左右的参加者也表现出了一定的水平。
青岛科技大学日语2011年考研真题
(9)けさ、６時ごろから 雨が始めました。
1ふる2ふり3ふって4ふったり
(10)もし、ことばの 意味が、先生に質問して ください。
1わからなかったら2わからなくて
3わからないと4わからないで
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問題三、次の言葉に振り仮名をしてください。（1×20＝20点）
1、晩秋2、空港3、妻4、感想5、物質
(4）この人は いつ アルバイトを しますか。
１木曜日と 土曜日と 日曜日の 昼間に アルバイトを します。
２木曜日と 土曜日の 夜と、日曜日の 昼間に アルバイトを します。
３火曜日と 木曜日の 夜と、日曜日の 昼間に アルバイトを します。
４火曜日と 木曜日の 夜と、土曜日の 昼間に アルバイトを します。
ありますか。」
店の人 「おさらを 洗う 仕事なら 日本語は あまり 使いませんよ。それでいいですか。」
学生 「はい、それで けっこうです。」
店の人 「１週間に 何日 できますか。」
学生 「１週間に ３日 ぐらい できますが、火曜日、木曜日、土曜日に（2）。」
店の人 「火、木、土ですか。日曜日は できませんか。」
1と2に3が4を
(5)この 字は だれが 書いたわかりますか。
1か2を3が4と
(6)どんな こと聞いてください。お答えします。
1でも2とか3から4まで
(7)今年の夏は、去年の夏暑くありませんでしたね。
1でも2しか3ほど4ごろ
(8)このごろは丈夫に なったから、何食べても おいしいです。
1も2に3を4が
(5)子どもたちに ものを大切に するいつも 言って います。
1ことが2ことに3ような4ように
青岛科技大学2011年-2012年考研试题243法语
27. La voiture de Marie est____la rue .
A. sur B. dans C. près D. pour
28. Ils travaillent de 14 à 16 heures___.
A. par le jour B. par jour C. en un jour D. dans un jour
seule dans un petite chambre.
A. tout B. tous C. toute D. toutes
20. Vous pouvez trouver de bons restaurants en France
.
A. n’importe qui B. n’importe comment C. n’importe où D. n’importe quoi
9. Pierre et Anne
(habiter) à Paris pendant deux ans.
10. Il y avait longtemps que nous ___ (décider) d‘aller nous installer à la campagne.
11. Avant quand il
页）
第 3 页（共 7
est persuadé qu’il （pleuvoir）.
2. A cause de vous, je
(louper) mon train hier matin.
3. Une fois que vous______(finir), nous pourrons partir.
4. C’est une aventure
elle ne s’est plus rappelée.
青岛科技大学2011-2018机械设计考研真题
青岛科技大学二○一一年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：机械设计注意事项：1．本试卷共5道大题（共计37个小题），满分150分；2．本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，答案一律写在答题卷上，写在该试题卷上或草纸上均无效。
要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；3．必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。
﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡一、是非题：正确的以“T”表示，错误的以“F”表示(每小题3分，共30分)1．螺旋传动中的螺母、滑动轴承中的轴瓦、蜗杆传动中的蜗轮，多采用青铜材料，这主要是为了提高导热能力。
2．齿轮外啮合传动中，将渐开线圆柱齿轮齿面间的凸--凸接触，改为凸--凹接触（如双圆弧齿轮）,有利于提高其表面接触强度。
3．螺纹的大径，在标准中定为公称直径。
4．V带剖面中两工作面的夹角为40°，所以V带轮轮槽的工作面的夹角也是40°。
5．与滚子链相比，齿形链有传动平稳、噪声小，效率高，承受冲击载荷能力较好和轮齿受力较均匀的优点。
6．直齿圆锥齿轮强度计算中，是以大端当量直齿圆柱齿轮为计算依据的。
7．蜗杆传动的传动比等于蜗轮、蜗杆的直径比。
8．滑动轴承材料中，多孔质粉末冶金材料有自润滑性能。
9．自行车前轴属于固定心轴。
10．联轴器与离合器的主要作用是缓和冲击和振动。
二、选择填空(每小题3分，共30分)1．在机械传动中，理论上能保证瞬时传动比为常数的是。
Ａ.带传动Ｂ.链传动Ｃ.摩擦轮传动Ｄ.齿轮传动2．运动粘度v是动力粘度η与同温下润滑油的比值。
Ａ．密度ρＢ．质量mＣ．压力pＤ．速度u3．当两个被联接件都比较薄，在被联接件上宜制成通孔，通孔的加工精度要求低，结构简单，装拆方便，往往采用。
A．双头螺柱联接B．绞制孔用螺栓联接C．普通螺栓联接D．螺钉联接4．键的截面尺寸（键宽×键高）主要根据来选择。
Ａ．轴的直径Ｂ．传递功率的大小Ｃ．轮毂的长度Ｄ．传递转矩的大小5．带传动的主要失效形式之一是带的。
2011年青岛科技大学药物化学综合考研真题研究生入学考试试卷
8.对乙酰氨基酚9. (1S,2S)-1,2-环己二醇10. 1,4－二甲基萘
二．名词解释：20分
共价键2.滴定3.有效数字4.标准溶液5.化学计量点
三．简答题：80分
1.写出不能产生分子内氢键的化合物。
2.在酸催化下，发生脱水反应的速度由快到慢排列。
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青岛科技大学
二O一一年硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：药物化学综合
注意事项：1．本试卷共8道大题（共计51个小题），满分300分；
2．本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，答案一律写在答题卷上，写在该试题卷上或草纸上均无效。要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；
3．必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。
﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡
2.计算用NaOH液（0.10mol/L）滴定丙烯酸（0.10mol/L）到化学计量点时溶液的pH值。丙烯酸的离解常数Ka＝5.610-5
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16.导致青霉素产生过敏反应的原因？
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四．完成反应题：60分
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五．用指定原料合成化合物（详细注明条件和过程）：50分
六．问答题：20分
1.说明数字的修约规则。
2.为什么吡咯没有碱性，而吡啶有碱性？你预测吡啶的碱性比六氢吡啶的强还是弱？为什么？
七．推测结构题：20分
1.化合物A的分子式为C7H14O，在K2CrO7/H2SO4溶液作用下得到化合物C7H12O的化合物B；化合物B与CH3MgI作用后水解得到分子式为C8H16O的化合物C；化合物C在浓硫酸作用下生成分子式为C8H14的化合物D；化合物D与冷的稀KMnO4碱性溶液作用得到分子式为C8H16O2的化合物E；化合物E在酸催化下重排成酮F，酮F的结构为2,2-二甲基环己酮。试写出化合物A, B, C, D, E的可能结构。
青岛科技大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试西方经济学试题
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C、GDP和GNP都会下降，因为这种投资的一部分收入归于外国 人。 D、外国有价证券投资增加了。 9、边际报酬递减规律表明，企业生产的增加不可能依赖某一要 素的无限追加达到，因为：( ) A、该要素雇佣过多，会导致要素价格上升，成本急剧增加。 B、该要素雇佣过多，会出现内在不经济。 C、固定要素可以配合的可变要素投入是有一定极限的。 D、以上各项都不对。 10中国人民银行以下哪一项政策行为能增加货币供给？（ ） A、降低法定准备金率。 B、出售政府债券。 C、提高贴现率。 D、以上各项都不增加货币供给。 11、就短期生产而言，下列那一项表述是正确的？（ ） A、随着产量扩大，AC与AVC越来越趋近。 B、随着产量扩大，AC与AVC越来越趋远。 C、无论产量如何变化，AC与AVC维持相同差额。 D、.随着产量扩大，AC与AVC可能相等 12、假设经济期初处于长期均衡。再假设发生了摧毁大部分小麦 产量的干旱。如果决策者让经济自行调整到长期均衡，根据总需求— —总供给模型，长期中物价和产量会发生什么变动？（ ） A、物价上升，产量仍然是初始值不变。 B、物价下降，产量仍然是初始值不变。 C、产量增加，物价仍然是其初始值不变。 D、产量减少，物价仍然是其初始值不变。 E、产量和物价水平都是其初始值不变。 13、根据奥肯定律，如果潜在的产出水平为4000单位，如果自然 失业率为4%，而实际失业率为6.5%，则实际产出为：（ ） A、3200亿元 B、3400亿元 C、3600亿元 D、3800亿元 14. 买者愿意支付的是（ ） A、消费者剩余。 B、生产者剩余。 C、他们愿意为一种物品支付的最大值。 D、他们愿意为一种物品支付的最小值。 15、利用ISLM模型分析，如果其它条件不变，提高法定准备金率将会出现( )。 A、LM曲线向右移动，利率上升，国民收入增加 B、LM曲线向左移动，利率上升，国民收入减少
青岛科技大学2011年-2012年考研试题622无机化学
青 岛 科 技 大 学二○一一年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：无机化学注意事项：1．本试卷共5道大题（共计40个小题），满分150分；2．本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，答案一律写在答题卷上，写在该试题卷上或草纸上均无效。
要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；3．必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。
﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡一、 选择题（每题2分，共40分）1. 量子力学的一个轨道......... ( )。
A ．与玻尔理论中的原子轨道等同；B ．指n 具有一定数值时的一个波函数；C ．指n 、l 具有一定数值时的一个波函数；D ．指n 、l 、m 三个量子数具有一定数值时的一个波函数2. 在多电子原子中，各电子具有下列量子数，其中能量最高的电子是......... ( )。
A ． 2，1，–1，B ． 2，0，0，– 2121C ． 3，1，1，–D ． 3，2，–1， 21213．已知[C o F 6]3-与C o 3+的磁矩相同，则配离子的中心离子杂化轨道类型及空间构型为............. ( )。
A. d 2SP 3正八面体;B. d 2SP 3正四面体;C. SP 3d 2正八面体;D. SP 3d 2正四面体；4.下列分子中，偶极矩为零的是............... ( )。
A. NF 3;B. NO 2;C. PCl 3;D. BCl 35、下列氯化物中，熔点最低的是.............. . ( )。
A. HgCl 2;B. FeCl 3;C. FeCl 2;D. ZnCl 26、下列分子和离子中，键能最大的是............... ( )。
A. N 2;B. O 2+;C. NO;D. CN -7、下列分子和离子中，具有顺磁性的是............( )。
A. NO + ;B. [Fe(CN)6]4-;C. B 2;D. CO8、分裂能△0最大的是............... ( )。
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不消说，相识的人数是随着年龄增加的，一个人年龄越大，走过的地方当过的职务越多，相识的人理该越增加了。可是相识的人并不就是朋友。我们和许多人相识，或是因了事务关系，或是因了偶然的机缘——如在别人请客的时候同席吃过饭之类。见面时点头或握手，有事时走访或通信，口头上彼此也称“朋友”，笔头上有时或称“仁兄”，诸如此类，其实只是一种社交上的客套，和“顿首”“百拜”同是仪式的虚伪。这种交际可以说是社交，和真正的友谊相差似乎很远。
4.An endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent, or approaching equivalence, to one of its constituents, which serve as the center, or head, of the whole.
Section IIJudge whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false(F).(5 points)
1.To say that linguistics is a descriptive science is to say that the linguist tries to lay down rules for speakers to follow.
However, man’s changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles. Smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of the countryside. The pollution of water is equally harmful. The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed and industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.
2.The consonant [v] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: __________.
A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless, labiodental, fricative
青岛科技大学
二○一一年硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：综合考试
注意事项：1．本试卷共7道大题（共计21个小题），满分150分；
2．本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，答案一律写在答题卷上，写在该试题卷上或草纸上均无效。要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；
3．必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。
﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡
5. The type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as __________.
Section ITranslate the following passage into Chinese. (20 points)
Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life. With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed woodlands and prairies into farms and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation or hydroelectric power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.
Section IIITranslate the following passage into English. (20 points)
却说那刘伯钦与唐三藏惊惊慌慌，又闻得叫喊“师父来也”。众家僮道：“这叫的必是那山脚下石匣中老猿。”太保道：“是他，是他！”三藏道：“是什么老猿？”太保道：“这山旧名五行山，因为我大唐王征西定国，改名两届山。先年间曾闻老人家说，王莽簒汉之时，天降此山，力压一个神猴，不怕寒暑，不吃饮食，自有土神监押，教他饥餐铁丸，渴饮铜汁。自昔到今，冻饿不死。这叫必定是他。长老莫怕，我们下山来看。”
2. What is the relationship between language and culture according to Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?
3. What Biblioteka s Functional Sentence Perspective?
Part Two Translation (60 points)
2.The English voiceless aspirated stops and the voiceless unaspirated stops occur in the same phonemic context or environment.
3.A grammatically well-formed sentence may be a semantically ill-formed sentence.
4.Speaker A: Can you answer the telephone?
Speaker B: I’m in the bath.
In this conversation Speaker Bis violating the maxim of ______.
A. quantity B. quality C. relation D. manner
Part Three Writing (30 points)
Write a composition on the following topic in no less than 300 words.
As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual well-being. What factors contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?
C. voiced, bilabial, stopD. voiced, labiodental, fricative
3.The pair of words “host” and “guest” are __________.
A. gradable antonyms B. converse antonyms C. co-hyponyms D. synonyms
A. pidgin B. creole C. interlanguage D. diglossia
Section IVAnswer each of the following questions in no less than 100 words.(30 points)
1.What is the distinction between Chomsky’s linguistic competence and Hymes’ communicative competence?
Part One Linguistics (60 points)
Section IDefine the following terms. (20 points)
1.diachronic linguistics 2. narrow transcription
3. back-formation4. immediate constituent 5. syllabus
5.Noam Chomsky is often described as“father of modern linguistics”.
Section IIIFill in each of the following blanks with the correct answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.(5points)
1. The statement“A rose by any other name would smell as sweet”well illustrates the _______ of language.