3高中英语语法通霸独立主格结构和with的复合结构
with的复合结构和独立主格结构
1. with+宾语+形容词。
比如：. The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛。
Don’t talk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。
2. with+宾语+副词。
比如：She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。
What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在，多没劲儿呀！3. with+宾语+过去分词。
比如：He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed. 他眼睛半闭着听音乐。
She sat with her head bent. 她低着头坐着。
4. with+宾语+现在分词。
比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了。
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着。
5. with+宾语+介词短语。
比如：He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。
The young lady came in, with her two- year-old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。
6. with+宾语+动词不定式。
比如： With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film. 下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。
Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. 很抱歉，有这么多盘子要洗，我不能出去。
独立主格和with的复合结构和非谓语的区别
独立主格和with的复合结构和非谓语的区别独立主格和with的复合结构以及非谓语动词是英语语法中常见的三种结构。
独立主格是指包含一个名词或代词和一个动词分词的结构，该结构通常用于修饰整个句子的一部分。
例如，“天空阴沉着，他走进了房间”，其中“天空阴沉着”是独立主格，用来描述整个句子的气氛。
与独立主格类似的是with的复合结构。
它由一个名词或代词和一个带有介词with的短语组成，通常也用来修饰整个句子的一部分。
例如，“与他一起工作的人都很聪明”，其中“与他一起工作的人”是with的复合结构。
非谓语动词则是指动词的一种形式，不带有主语和谓语，通常用于修饰名词或代词。
例如，“我喜欢看漫画书”，其中“看漫画书”是非谓语动词。
虽然这三种结构相似，但它们之间还是有区别的。
独立主格和with的复合结构通常用来修饰整个句子或一个名词或代词，而非谓语动词则通常用来修饰名词或代词。
同时，非谓语动词还可以用来表示时间、原因、目的等概念。
因此，在使用这些结构时，需要根据具体的语境和需要来选择合适的结构。
- 1 -。
with复合结构和独立主格结构
with复合结构和独立主格结构独立主格结构和with / without复合结构1.概念:独立主格结构不是一个独立的句子，有逗号，在句中充当状语、可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等。
2.结构: 名词/代词+ 非谓语（doing & todo & done 形容词&副词介词短语Taking your age into consideration, y ou’d better not go hiking.Your age taken into consideration, you’d better not go hik ing.(Ⅰ) 名词/代词+分词(过去分词done & 现在分词doing当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。
一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。
1.________________, they left the meeting– room.（问题解决了）（settle）2.____________ , we`ll go there on foot.(时间允许的话)(permit)3.He was lying on the grass, __________________________(他的手交叉在手下) (cross)(Ⅱ)名词/代词+ (being) 形容词1._________________, he had to stay home to look after her.(他妈妈生病了)2. He entered the house, ___________________（red）(他的鼻子冻得通红)(Ⅲ)名词／代词＋（being) 副词He put on his socks，_____________.（反的一面在外面）(out(Ⅳ)名词／代词＋不定式1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __ in a year. (2005湖南)A. followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed2.__________________________ (最后一个人的到来)，our party will start.（arrive）（Ⅴ）名词／代词＋介词短语在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯不用冠词。
with 的复合结构和独立主格
1 With 的复合结构（with+ 复合宾语）with+ 复合宾语结构常作原因状语、伴随状语、定语等。
With + 名词/代词+名词With + 名词/代词+形容词With + 名词/代词+副词With + 名词/代词+介词短语With + 名词/代词+不定式（to do/ to be done 表示动作将要做 , 若句中主语发出动作，用to do , 若句中主语不发出这一动作，则用to be done With + 名词/代词+现在分词 (doing/ being done 表示动作与谓语动词同时进行，若是with 后的名词/代词发出动作，即所谓的主动，则用doing ; 若是被动，则用being done )With + 名词/代词+过去分词 (动作已结束，动词与前面名词/代词的关系是被动)He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.She used to sleep with the windows open.She used to sleep with the light on.She came in, with a book in her hand.With all the work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out.With the boy leading us, we soon found the house.With the house being painted, we can’t move in.With everything I needed bought, I left the shop.2 独立主格结构一般来说，我们把With 复合结构中的with 去掉，就成了独立主格结构了。
如： She slept, the windows open.The prisoner stood there, his hands raised. ( 可以这样理解：hand 是被举起的，表示被动和完成)Time permitting, We ‘ll go for a picnic.(time和permit 是主动关系)She came in, book in hand. (注: book 和hand 之前不加任何代词或冠词，这与with 复合结构不同)还有不同的是，独立主格中出现了beingIt being a fine day, we decided to go swimming.There being no bus, I had to go home on foot.这两句话中的being 是由动词be 变来的，可以这样想：独立主格也是状语，所以不能使用谓语动词。
with的复合结构和独立主格的异同
with的复合结构和独立主格的异同with的复合结构和独立主格是英语中两种常见的短语结构，它们都可以用来表示伴随关系。
但是，它们在语法和用法上有着一些明显的异同点。
一、with的复合结构1. 语法结构with的复合结构由with引导，并且包括一个名词短语或代词作为宾语，后面跟着一个动词或动词短语。
例如：- She walked to the park with her dog.- He went to the concert with his girlfriend.2. 用法with的复合结构通常用来表示伴随关系，即两个行为同时发生或在同一时间内进行。
它还可以表示附加信息或补充说明。
例如：- With a smile on her face, she greeted me warmly.- He left the party early with a headache.二、独立主格1. 语法结构独立主格是指一个名词短语或代词加上一个动名词，它们之间没有任何连接词。
例如：- The sun having set, we made our way back home.- Me being sick, I couldn't go to work today.2. 用法独立主格也表示伴随关系，但它更侧重于描述先决条件或原因。
通常情况下，独立主格放在句子的开头，用逗号与主句分开。
例如：- The weather being nice, we decided to have a picnic.- Her parents having died, she was left alone in the world.三、异同点1. 语法结构with的复合结构和独立主格在语法结构上有很大的差别。
前者是一个介词短语加上一个宾语和动词，后者则是一个名词短语或代词加上一个动名词。
2. 用法虽然两种结构都可以表示伴随关系，但是它们在用法上有一些不同。
with复合短语和独立主格结构的区别
一、 with结构的构成它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。
With结构构成方式如下：1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词；2. with或without-名词/代词+副词；3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式；5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。
下面分别举例：1、 She came into the room，with her nose red.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）2、 With the meal over ， we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。
（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。
） The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house，without a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语） He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语）5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语）6. Without anything left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）二、with结构的用法在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。
英语高考独立主格及with复合结构
独立主格及with的复合结构【考点概述】非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语应和主句的主语保持一致。
但是有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句中作状语, 用来表示行为方式、伴随情况或者时间、原因和条件等。
这种结构我们称之为独立主格结构。
独立主格结构的特点是：（1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
（2）名词或者代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓关系。
（3）独立主格结构后一般有逗号。
with 的复合结构是独立主格的一种特殊形式,是高考必考的考点。
【高考真题收集】1.(07,重庆卷)The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day.A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. went finished2.(07,山东卷)The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecrafts, the most recent _______ at the end of last March.A. has been launchedB. having been launchedC. being launchedD. to be launched3.(05,湖南卷)I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _______ in a year.A. followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed 4.4. ( 05 ,北京卷) I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ________ .A. going onB. goes onC. went toD. to go on5. (09 全国卷Ⅰ,35) Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions __________ ?A. takingB. takeC. takenD. to take6. (06 陕西卷) With no one to ________ in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.A. turn toB. turn onC. turn offD. turn over【考点扫描】考点一：独立主格结构的形式独立主格结构常见的构成形式有：1.名词或代词+ 现在分词如：Time (Weather) permitting, we shall have a picnic this weekend.Aluminium being very soft, we can press it easily into any shape desired.The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.2.名词或代词+ 过去分词如：The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.The job finished, we went home straight away.The sum added, we’ll have enough money for the trip.注意：用现在分词还是过去分词，要看前面的名词或代词与后面动词的关系。
高考英语语法复习——独立主格及with的复合结构
•
4. ( 05 ,北京卷) I couldn ’ t do my homework with all that noise ________ .Βιβλιοθήκη •• • • • •
A. going on B. goes on C. went to D. to go on
5. (09 全国卷Ⅰ,35) Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions __________ ? A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take 6. (06 陕西卷) With no one to ________ in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless. A. turn to B. turn on C. turn off D. turn over Key: 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. A
The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan. 2.名词或代词 + 过去分词
•
•
如： The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.
【考点训练】
• 一、单项填空
•
• •
1. (09 成都第二次诊断性检测，3) ______ time going on, what he said proved true.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through 2. (09 桂林调研卷,32) With a lot of tough problems ______ , the manager was as nervous as a cat on hot bricks.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
高中英语语法通霸3：独立主格结构和with的复合结构考点1.独立主格结构的构成A.独立主格结构可以看作是把一个分句破坏了谓语前面我们学过，两个分句放在一起而不用句子连词连接只以逗号隔开，这样的句子是错误的（参看P. 错误！未定义书签。
错误！未找到引用源。
）。
His homework was finished, he went out to play.×这时，我们可以把一个分句的谓语破坏掉，把其谓语变成非谓语或不用动词。
上句可以变为：His homework finished, he went out to play.这样，这个分句被破坏后就成了独立主格结构。
独立主格结构可以使句子更简练，有利于表达复杂内容。
破坏谓语的方法：含有be的，把be去掉（主系表结构表原因的，be也可变为being）；不含be的，谓语和主语是主动关系的，把谓语变为现在分词；是被动关系的，把谓语变为过去分词；谓语表将来动作的，变为不定式。
练习：合并下列句子，把画线句子改为独立主格结构。
1.His wife was ill. He had to stay at home.2.He arrived at home. His face was red.3.My homework was finished. I went out to play footballwith my friends.4.I rode a bike along the street. My dog was following me.5.I had to stay at home. A lot of homework had to be done.6.It rained last Sunday. I had to stay at home.B.独立主格结构的构成①名词(代词)+现在分词（与前面构成主动关系）Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.②名词(代词)+过去分词（与前面构成被动关系）The test finished, we began our holiday.③名词(代词)+不定式（表将来）He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.④名词(代词)+副词The game over, the crowd rushed tothe exit.⑤名词(代词)+形容词A hunter came in, his face red withcold.⑥名词(代词) +介词短语Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.⑦名词(代词) +名词The villagers, most of them womenand children, were killed that night. 考点2.with的复合结构与独立主格结构的区别和联系看下面两个句子：①W ith the traffic light green, the bus got moving.（前面粗体部分是with的复合结构）②The traffic light green, the bus got moving. (前面粗体部分是独立主格结构)可以看出，作状语时，独立主格结构和with的复合结构在用法上是相同的，可以通过添、去with相互转换。
但是作定语时，常用with的复合结构。
The woman with a baby on her back is my aunt.背上背孩子的那个女的是我阿姨。
在独立主格结构中，当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均可以不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。
但 with 的复合结构不受限制。
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.A policeman ran after him, with a stick in his hand.1.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the newly-electedpresident is having a hard time. A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled2.With all the magazines I needed ______, I left the postoffice.A. buyingB. to buyC. boughtD. to be bought3.With electricity ______, we couldn’t drive the machine.A. was cut offB. being cut offC. cut offD. having cutoff4.Everything ______ into consideration, they believedthemselves more and returned to their positions. A. to takeB. takenC. to be takenD. taking5.______ more and more forests damaged, some animals andplants are facing the danger of dying out. A. AsB. ForC.WithD. By6.【2010山东】The living room is clean and tidy, with adining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.A. laidB. layingC. to layD. being laid7.Many students ______ around, I explained the story intodetails.A. stoodB. standingC. to standD. were standing8.【2012辽宁】The old couple often take a walk after supperin the park with their pet dog ______ them.A. to followB. followingC. followedD. follows9.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shoutedthe words ______ in his heart for years.A. filling; having been hiddenB. filled; hiddenC. filling; hiddenD. filled; hiding10.With the boy ______ the way, we had no trouble ______the way ______ to ZhongshanPark.A. leading; finding; leadingB. to lead; found; to leadC. led; finding; ledD. leading; found; led11.______, he had to stay at home q329950885 looking afterher.A. Being illB. His wife was illC. His wife being illD. Because he was ill12.______,John returned to school from his hometown.A. The summer vacation being overB. The summervacation is overC. Because the summer vacation overD. After the summer vacation being over13. The old sick goat lay on the ground, its eyes ______ and itslegs ______.A. closed; trembledB. closing; tremblingC. closed; tremblingD. closing; trembled. 14. 【2012全国新课标】The party will be held in the garden,weather ______.A. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit 15. We left the meeting, there obviously ______ no point instaying.A. wereB. beingC. to beD. having 16. All flights ______ because of the snowstorm, manypassengers could do nothing but take the train. A. were canceledB. having been canceled C. had been canceledD. have been canceled 考点3. 独立主格结构与定语从句由关系词引导的定语从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主格结构则没有完整的谓语，且不需要连接词。
17.He wrote a lot of novels, none of ______ translated into aA. themB. whichC . itD. what 18. You can use a large plastic bottle, ______ cut off, as a potto grow young plants in.A. the top isB. the top of whichC. whose topD. with its top 19. 【2008湖南】The growing speed of a plant is influenced bya number of factors, ______ are beyond our control.A. most of themB. most of whichC. most of whatD. most of that 20. The English mayors, most of ______ girls, seldom win inthe sports competitions.A. themB. whomC. theyD. the 21. To find out, Frisch built special hives, ______ only onehoney-comb.A. each withB. each hasC. each is withD. each of which having 考点4. 独立主格结构与状语从句状语从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主格结构则没有完整的谓语。