【尚友制造】[GMAT语法] Instead of v.s. instead的区别
【尚友制造】Mindfree Active Reading阅读法
标题：Mindfree Active Reading阅读法尚友论坛【GMAT专区】【尚友学堂GMAT公开课】【GMAT机经专区】【GMAT资料下载区】【GMAT黄历查询】Mindfree是ChsaeDream一代大牛，CD第一位GMAT 790分（2003年4月），也是ChaseDream走出GMAT 困境区，逻辑区，语法区的曾任版主。
关于Mindfree的Active Reading阅读法，Mindfree并未系统总结，active reading只是见诸于Mindfree的一些回帖当中，为了让大家比较原汁原味地理解active reading，我也并未就此进行任何总结，只是将mindfree 的相关主题与回复集中在一起，供大家参考。
下面是Mindfree关于阅读部分的考后总结：阅读。
自从1998年ETS改机考后，阅读题在题型的比重上有所变化。
原来一篇文章8-9个问题，可能有一道主题题，一道态度题或结构题，其它是细节题。
很多人在阅读时都争取一遍读下来就记住大量的细节，以便应付比重很高的细节题。
机考后，文章的长度变化感觉不大，但每篇文章的题目减少到3-5题。
主题题或态度题几乎还是每篇一道，但是细节题的比重减小。
所以阅读方式也要随之变化。
大家都知道第一段和每一段第一句话的重要性。
在机考中更为重要。
平时练习中，要做到随看随想。
比如说，读了第一段，应该知道作者说了什么，是提出一种现象并解释，还是提出一个观点并举例说明,说明还是提出流行观点然后质疑,并提出新观点。
如果是反驳，反驳的是理论还是支持此理论的事例或实验? 作者对所提出的这些观点抱什么态度。
读懂并记住每段第一句话（或前两句）帮助你明白每一段的中心思想。
在看完第二句和第散句后，就应该知道此段的结构，比如是举例说明作者观点，还是分别驳斥作者反对的理论或是观点。
继续读的过程中，要很快的读细节，能做到读完知道细节是什么，是一个实验，一个人的观点，此人是谁等等。
【尚友制造】[GMAT语法] 只有你想不到的as,没有你见不到的as
![【尚友制造】[GMAT语法] 只有你想不到的as,没有你见不到的as](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/d3426560af1ffc4ffe47ac80.png)
标题：[GMAT语法]只有你想不到的as，没有你见不到的as尚友论坛【GMAT专区】【尚友学堂GMAT公开课】【GMAT机经专区】【GMAT资料下载区】【GMAT黄历查询】几乎告诉你关于AS的所有as、as、as、as，全都是as！接下来是正文：OG12中含有as的句子：5.Diabetes, together with its serious complications, ranks as the nation’s third leading cause of death, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.7.As its sales of computer products have surpassed those of measuring instruments, the company has become increasingly willing to compete for the mass market sales it would in the past have conceded to rivals.13.A surge in new home sales and a drop in weekly unemployment claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought.14.Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator.ing accounts of various ancient writers, scholars have painted a sketchy picture of the activities of an all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as Bona Dea, "the good goddess". 28.Building on civilizations that preceded them in coastal Peru, the Mochica developed their own elaborate society, based on the cultivation of such crops as corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and seafood, and the exploitation of other wild and domestic resources.32.Galileo was convinced that natural phenomena, as manifestations of the laws of physics, would appear the same to someone on the deck of a ship moving smoothly and uniformly through the water as to a person standing on land.joined the Continental Army in 1782 at the age of 22, was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become too ill to serve.51.A new study suggests that the conversational pace of everyday life may be so brisk that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and, as a result, to make sense of speech.52.Long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate, Josephine Baker made Paris her home, and she remained in France during the Second World War as a performer and an intelligence agent for the Resistance.53.The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his "Essay on Heat and Light," a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found.60.While all states face similar industrial waste problems, the predominating industries and the regulatory environment of each state obviously determine the types and amounts of waste produced, as well as the cost of disposal.61.Rivaling the pyramids of Egypt or even the ancient cities of the Maya as an achievement, the army of terra-cotta warriors created to protect Qin Shi Huang, China's first emperor, in his afterlife is more than 2,000 years old and took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete.64.Doctors generally agree that such factors as cigarette smoking, eating rich foods high in fats, and alcohol consumption not only do damage by themselves but also aggravate genetic predispositions toward certain diseases.65.In a plan to stop the erosion of East Coast beaches, the Army Crops of Engineers proposed building parallel to shore a breakwater of rocks that would rise six feet above the waterline and act as a buffer, absorbing the energy of crashing waves and protecting the beaches.66.The 32 species that make up the dolphin family are closely related to whales and in fact include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is famous for its aggressive hunting pods.72.More and more in recent years, cities are stressing the arts as a means to greater economic development and investing millions of dollars in cultural activities, despite strained municipal budgets and fading federal support.76.Retailers reported moderate gains in their November sales, as much because their sales a year earlier had been so bad as because shoppers were getting a head start on buying their holiday gifts.82.According to a recent poll, owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land is still a goal of a majority of young adults, as it was of earlier generations.84.Often visible as smog, ozone is formed in the atmosphere when hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, two major pollutants emitted by automobiles, react with sunlight.85.Salt deposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo-Daro excavation in Pakistan, the site of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time as the civilizations in the Nile Delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.89.Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic simplicity of another century, but financially strained townships point out that dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do.95.The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them；the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is known as "standing waves".96.One of the primary distinctions between our intelligence and that of other primates may lie not so much in any specific skill as in our ability to extend knowledge gained in one context to new and different ones.99.Ranked as one of the most important of Europe's young playwrights, Franz Xaver Kroetz has written 40 plays；his works-translated into the more than 30 language-are produced more often than those of any other contemporary German dramatist.102.As rainfall began to decrease in the Southwest about the middle of the twelfth century, most of the Monument Valley Anasazi abandoned their homes to join other clans whose access to water was less limited.106.Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone；instead, it has become precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.high in self-esteem, and responsibly independent.110.Published in Harlem, The Messenger was owned and edited by two young journalists, A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, and Chandler Owen.111.Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D.69, during the reign of Vespasian, and was completed a decade later, during the reign of Titus, who opened the Colosseum with a one-hundred-day cycle of religious pageants, gladiatorial games, and spectacles.114.The original building and loan associations were organized as limited life funds, whose members made monthly payments on their share subscriptions and then took turns drawing on the funds for home mortgages.125.Today, because of improvements in agricultural technology, the same amount of acreage produces twice as many apples as it did in 1910.128.Australian embryologists have found evidence to suggest that the elephant is descended from an aquatic animal and that its trunk originally evolved as a kind of snorkel.135.Spanning more than 50 years, Friedrich Muller's career began in an unpromising apprenticeship as a Sanskrit scholar and culminated in virtually every honor that European governments and learned societies could bestow.138.In no other historical sighting did Halley's Comet cause such a worldwide sensation as in its return of 1910-1911.OG13中含有as的句子（已去重）：1.In a review of 2,000 studies of human behavior that date back to the 1940s, two Swiss psychologists declared that since most of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social class and family size, none could be taken seriously. 15.Many experts regarded the large increase in credit card borrowing in March not as a sigh that households were pressed for cash and forced to borrow, but as a sign that households were confident they could safely handle new debt.38.Bengal-born writer, philosopher, and educator Rabindranath Tagore had the greatest admiration for Mohandas K. Gandhi as a person and as a politician, but Tagore was also skeptical of Gandhi’s form of nationalism and his conservative opinions about India’s cultural traditions.79.Ryunosuke Akutagawa’s knowledge of the literatures of Europe, China, and Japa n was instrumental (有帮助的) in his development as a writer, informing both his literary style and the content of his fiction.107.While the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as for other types of power plants, the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants make the electricity they generate more expensive.138.Most efforts to combat such mosquito-borne diseases as malaria and dengue (登革热) have focused on either vaccinating (给…注射疫苗) humans or exterminating (消灭，根除) mosquitoes with pesticides.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------按照as出现的形式将以上句子如下几类：一、as单独出现：32.Galileo was convinced that natural phenomena, as manifestations of the laws of physics, would appear the same to someone on the deck of a ship moving smoothly and uniformly through the water as to a person standing on land.52.Long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate, Josephine Baker made Paris her home, and she remained in France during the Second World War as a performer and an intelligence agent for the Resistance.61.Rivaling the pyramids of Egypt or even the ancient cities of the Maya as an achievement, the army of terra-cotta warriors created to protect Qin Shi Huang, China's first emperor, in his afterlife is more than 2,000 years old and took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete.72.More and more in recent years, cities are stressing the arts as a means to greater economic development and investing millions of dollars in cultural activities, despite strained municipal budgets and fading federal support.108.Authoritative parents are more likely than permissive parents to have children who as adolescents are self-confident, high in self-esteem, and responsibly independent.110.Published in Harlem, The Messenger was owned and edited by two young journalists, A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, and Chandler Owen.135.Spanning more than 50 years, Friedrich Muller's career began in an unpromising apprenticeship as a Sanskrit scholar and culminated in virtually every honor that European governments and learned societies could bestow.38.Bengal-born writer, philosopher, and educator Rabindranath Tagore had the greatest admiration for Mohandas K. Gandhi as a person and as a politician, but Tagore was also skeptical of Gandhi’s form of nationalism and his conservative opinions about India’s cultural traditions.79.Ryunosuke Akutagawa’s knowledge of the literatures of Euro pe, China, and Japan was instrumental (有帮助的) in his development as a writer, informing both his literary style and the content of his fiction. （his development as a writer中的development与a writer看起来似乎不对等，但是可以理解）总结：as单独出现时，词性是介词；意思是“作为；是”；其后面是名词性成分，做as介词的宾语；as加上其后的名词成分就是介宾结构，具有介宾结构的一般功能：i）名词修饰语，做名词的后置定语，as前名词与as后名词在一定程度上能够对等：32、38、61、72、79；ii）句子状语成分，说明主语在谓语动作发生时的状态（可以说as之后的名词要和主语对等），意思可以翻译成“作为”：52、108、110、135；一、连词as：7.As its sales of computer products have surpassed those of measuring instruments, the company has become increasingly willing to compete for the mass market sales it would in the past have conceded to rivals.82.According to a recent poll, owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land is still a goal of a majority of young adults, as it was of earlier generations.102.As rainfall began to decrease in the Southwest about the middle of the twelfth century, most of the Monument Valley Anasazi abandoned their homes to join other clans whose access to water was less limited.总结：此时，as的意思可以翻译为：“由于，因为”-7；“正如，如同”-82；“同时，当…的时候，随着”-102；此外，as的意思还可以是“尽管”：Great as the author was, he proved a bad model. / Ridiculous as it seems, the tale is true.；注意此处与like用法的区分，like后面坚决不能跟SVO，其意思只有像，且不能用于举例；二、the same (…) as:85.Salt deposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo-Daro excavation in Pakistan, the site of an ancient civilization that flourished atthe same time as the civilizations in the Nile Delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.107.While the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as for other types of power plants, the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants make the electricity they generate more expensive.总结：the same as…相当于形容词性质的成分，可以作表语，也可以做名词修饰语；意思是“和…一样”；表示一样的两个名词在逻辑上从一定程度上讲可以对等；the same … as…相当于一个名词词组，当然可以做介词宾语；意思是“和…一样的…”；同样，表示一样的两个名词在逻辑上从一定程度上讲可以对等；三、so much as…:96.One of the primary distinctions between our intelligence and that of other primates may lie not so much in any specific skill as in our ability to extend knowledge gained in one context to new and different ones.总结：这里的as是一个副词，so much…as…的意思是“和…一样程度深”；much后与as后成分要求平行；四、such (…) as…:28.Building on civilizations that preceded them in coastal Peru, the Mochica developed their own elaborate society, based on the cultivation of such crops as corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and seafood, and the exploitation of other wild and domestic resources.64.Doctors generally agree that such factors as cigarette smoking, eating rich foods high in fats, and alcohol consumption not only do damage by themselves but also aggravate genetic predispositions toward certain diseases.138.In no other historical sighting did Halley's Comet cause such a worldwide sensation as in its return of 1910-1911.1.In a review of 2,000 studies of human behavior that date back to the 1940s, two Swiss psychologists declared that since most of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social class and family size, none could be taken seriously. 138.Most efforts to combat such mosquito-borne diseases as malaria and dengue (登革热) have focused on either vaccinating (给…注射疫苗) humans or exterminating (消灭，根除) mosquitoes with pesticides.总结：such as表示举例，举例时坚决不能用like；被举例的名词可以在such as前，也可以在such与as中间；举例的内容要能够说明被举例的名词包含的个体；五、as a result:51.A new study suggests that the conversational pace of everyday life may be so brisk that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and, as a result, to make sense of speech.总结：as a result是一个介宾结构，意思是“结果是，结果”；在句子中做状语成分；as a result of…也是一个介宾结构，意思不是为了说明结果，恰恰相反是表明原因；六、act as…:65.In a plan to stop the erosion of East Coast beaches, the Army Crops of Engineers proposed building parallel to shore a breakwater of rocks that would rise six feet above the waterline and act as a buffer, absorbing the energy of crashing waves and protecting the beaches.总结：act as的意思是“充当；担任…的角色”；从语法上讲，as是介词，as与其后的名词一起构成介宾结构，做谓语的修饰成分，相当于副词；七、rank as…:5.Diabetes, together with its serious complications, ranks as the nation’s third leading cause of death, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.总结：rank as的意思是“列为”；从语法上讲，as是介词，as与其后的名词一起构成介宾结构，做谓语的修饰成分，相当于副词；八、evolve as…:128.Australian embryologists have found evidence to suggest that the elephant is descended from an aquatic animal and that its trunk originally evolved as a kind of snorkel.总结：evolve as…的意思是“进化成…”；从语法上讲，as是介词，as与其后的名词一起构成介宾结构，做谓语的修饰成分，相当于副词；九、conceiv e of…as…:106.Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone；instead, it has become precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.总结：conceive of…as…的意思是“认为…是…”；从语法上讲，as和后面的名词一起构成介宾结构，可以说是修饰conceive of 的宾语，看做宾语的补语；十、regard…as…:15.Many experts regarded the large increase in credit card borrowing in March not as a sigh that households were pressed for cash and forced to borrow, but as a sign that households were confident they could safely handle new debt.总结：regard…as…的意思是“认为…是…”；从语法上讲，as和后面的名词一起构成介宾结构，可以说是修饰regard的宾语，看做宾语的补语；十一、be…as…:14.Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator.114.The original building and loan associations were organized as limited life funds, whose members made monthly payments on their share subscriptions and then took turns drawing on the funds for home mortgages.95.The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them；the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is known as "standing waves".111.Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D.69, during the reign of Vespasian, and was completed a decade later, during the reign of Titus, who opened the Colosseum with a one-hundred-day cycle of religious pageants, gladiatorial games, and spectacles.总结：表语成分可以是形容词或动词过去分词；要求as后面的名词和主语对等；as和其后名词一起构成介宾结构，做表语的补语成分；十二、过去分词+as/形容词+as：36.Dressed as a man and using the name Robert Shurtleff, Deborah Sampson, the first woman to draw a soldier's pension, joined the Continental Army in 1782 at the age of 22, was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become too ill to serve.84.Often visible as smog, ozone is formed in the atmosphere when hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, two major pollutants emitted by automobiles, react with sunlight.99.Ranked as one of the most important of Europe's young playwrights, Franz Xaver Kroetz has written 40 plays；hisdramatist.66.The 32 species that make up the dolphin family are closely related to whales and in fact include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is famous for its aggressive hunting pods.总结：两种形式都是名词修饰成分，出现在句首时，修饰其后的句子主语，注意这时需要逻辑判断，看看句子主语和之前的修饰成分是否搭配；出现在句中时，做名词的后置定语；十三、as well as…:53.The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his "Essay on Heat and Light," a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found. 60.While all states face similar industrial waste problems, the predominating industries and the regulatory environment of each state obviously determine the types and amounts of waste produced, as well as the cost of disposal.总结：as well as…出现时有两种情况：当其前没有逗号，直接跟在名词后时，其用法无异于and，就是一个并列连词，并列连接两个名词成分，其前、后成分在逻辑层次上相同，具有同等地位；当其前有逗号隔开时，前面通常出现and引导的一系列并列，与之前那种情况的区别在于，强调的重点在于其前成分，其后成分在逻辑上低一个层次，是对之前一系列并列的补充；-----------还有最关键的as...as比较结构还没有彻底搞清楚，待补充吧~~~一、as…as…/as much…as…:13.A surge in new home sales and a drop in weekly unemployment claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought (it would be).ing accounts of various ancient writers, scholars have painted a sketchy picture of the activities of an all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as Bona Dea, "the good goddess". 125.Today, because of improvements in agricultural technology, the same amount of acreage produces twice as many apples as it did in 1910.89.Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic simplicity of another century, but financially strained townships point out that dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do. 注意：这个句子中没有as much…as…的结构76.Retailers reported moderate gains in their November sales, as much because their sales a year earlier had been so bad as because shoppers were getting a head start on buying their holiday gifts.总结：注意两个as的词性，前一个as是副词，表示“一样地”；后一个as是连接词conjunction（连接词指的是“用来连接词、词组、从句或句子的词”），第二个as后跟随的成分可以是名词或从句；as A as B的意思是“像B一样地A”，as much A as B的意思是“A同B一样程度深”；从语法上讲，分两种情况讨论：1）B的主要成分不是句子：或者说A不充当宾语、表语成分等，此时，要求A/B行对等，且A为两个句子的公共部分（感觉很像“定语从句中，先行词在从句中充当成分”）题目中时常伴有省略现象（B中的谓语动词与A中的相同，可以省略，但要补出助动词）；as much…as…就是上述1）的一种情况；以上情况的划分依据的本质是“根据所要表达的意思来选择合适的结构”：比如07PREP中的一句话：Less than 35 years after the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, their descendants, popularly known as killer bees, had migrated asfar northassouthern Texas.这个结构的意思是“像德州南部一样地向北”，结构中A就是far north，B就是southern Texas，B的主要成分不是句子，A/B对等平行，完全正确；如果句子变成“…had migrated as far north as the other kind of bee had migrated.”，此时，这个结构的意思就是“像另外一种蜜蜂迁徙地一样向北”，结构中A依然是far north，B则是the other kind of bee had migrated，B的主要成分是句子，B与A之前的句子平行对等，且A在前后两个句子中都充当状语成分；在实战中，可以通过这样的步骤来处理as A as B：i）判断A在之前句子中充当的成分，主要看是不是宾语或者表语，从而确定是上述1）或2）中的哪种情况；ii）根据判断出的情况所应满足的要求来判断选项是否正确：如果是1），直接要求A/B平行对等（逻辑上的要求）；如果是2），检查A之前句子和B中句子是否结构平行一致，且A是否在其之前句子和B中句子中都充当成分；iii）如有省略，检查助动词补出是否正确；二、so (…) as to…: 这个结构OG中没出现过，在prep中出现过174. Often major economic shifts are so gradual as to be indistinguishable at first from ordinary fluctuations in the financial markets.总结：so…as to…的意思可以翻译成“太…以至于…”；其中as是连接词，表示结果；GMAT备考专区：/forum-34-1.htmlGMAT机经专区：/forum-22-1.htmlGMAT资料下载区：/forum-197-1.htmlGMAT备考微信号：GMAT800微信二维码扫一扫GMAT备考宝典：/html/topic/gmat/bzbd.htmlGMAT活动讲座精华汇总：/forum.php?mod=forumdisplay&fid=34&filter=typeid&typeid=658。
【尚友制造】[GMAT写作] 中国人易错句子
![【尚友制造】[GMAT写作] 中国人易错句子](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/69b2af755acfa1c7ab00cc02.png)
标题：[GMAT写作]中国人易错句子尚友论坛【GMAT专区】【尚友学堂GMAT公开课】【GMAT机经专区】【GMAT资料下载区】【GMAT黄历查询】1. I very like itI like it very much.2. 这个价格对我挺合适的。
The price is very suitable for me.The price is right.Ｎｏｔｅ：suitable(合适的、相配的)最常见的用法是以否定的形式出现在告示或通知上，如：下列节目儿童不宜。
The followingprogramme is not suitable for children在这组句子中用后面的说法会更合适。
3. 你是做什么工作的呢？What’s your job?Are you working at the moment?Ｎｏｔｅ：what’s yourjob这种说法难道也有毛病吗？是的。
因为如果您的谈话对象刚刚失业，如此直接的问法会让对方有失面子，所以您要问：目前您是在上班吗？Are you workingat the moment?接下来您才问：目前您在哪儿工作呢？Where are you working these days?或者您从事哪个行业呢？Whatline of work are you in?顺带说一下，回答这类问题时不妨说得具体一点，不要只是说经理或者秘书4. 用英语怎么说？How to say?How do you say this in English?Ｎｏｔｅ：How to say是在中国最为泛滥成灾的中国式英语之一，这决不是地道的英语说法。
同样的句子有：请问这个词如何拼写？How do youspell that please?请问这个单词怎么读？How do you pronounce this word?5. 明天我有事情要做。
I have something to do tomorrow?Sorry but I am tied up all day tomorrow.用I have something todo来表示您很忙，这也完全是中国式的说法。
【尚友制造】关于enough to 与so as to so that 的区别的讨论
标题：关于enough to 与so as to、so that 的区别的讨论尚友论坛【GMAT专区】【尚友学堂GMAT公开课】【GMAT机经专区】【GMAT资料下载区】【GMAT黄历查询】做笔考真题55的时候，发现了一个题的正确选项居然是enough to，甚为奇怪，以前从未注意，在大全中一搜，发现oG88就出现了这个考点。
但说的不清楚。
我把大全中所有enough to和so as to、so that 区分的题目搜出来，自己感觉区别是这样的enough to do放在动词，或形容此后面表示有足够的程度来达到什么目的而so as to、so that 引导状语从句来表so怎么样所带来的结果请教牛牛们是否正确！！下面是我搜出来的题目Enough to 与so as to 区别1．V＋Enough to do 做adv修饰动词，放在动词后面，表其程度足够来如何如何，而so as to、so that 表程度足够引起的结果划线考点笔考真题55－2Consumer confidence levels, which many economists consider an early indication of the economy’s direction, sagged as the stock market tumbled, but not dramatically enough for giving a clear picture of new spending patterns.(A) tumbled, but not dramatically enough for giving(B) tumbled, but not dramatically enough to give(C) tumbled, and not so dramatically as to have given(D) has tumbled, and not dramatically enough to give(E) has tumbled, but not so dramatically as to givebOg47. Displays of the aurora borealis, or "northern lights," can heat the atmosphere over the arcticenough to affect the trajectories of ballistic missiles, induce electric currents that can cause blackouts in some areas and corrosion in north-south pipelines.(A)to affect the trajectories of ballistic missiles, induce(B)that the trajectories of ballistic missiles are affected, induce(C) that it affects the trajectories of ballistic missiles, induces(D) that the trajectories of ballistic missiles are affected and induces(E) to affect the trajectories of ballistic missiles and induce给北极上大气层足够的加热来影响。
GMAT Manhattan 常考短语总结
once：用once，不用 at one time。
object：反对，object to，不用名词形式。
number：the number of ,a number of ,it's numbers.注意单复数。没有 in number的说法。
rise：rise一般不用被动语态，什么rise就是什么rise。a rise in oil，不能使a raise in oil，the rising of 不能是 a rising of price
reveal：只能用reveal that从句，不能省略that，也不能reveal to。
result：result from,result in is a result of, as a result of, the result of xxx is that,没有，with the result of， with a resulting， resulting from
recognize：recognize that；recognize to be；recognize as+名词
rebel：背叛谁 rebel against sb
reason，have a reason to do , have a reason for +名词, a reason that ,没有 a reason why,也没有，reason...because..
refer：refer to，直接就是XXX refer to，不用 xxx is used to refer to。只能用referring to，不能用 in reference to。
gmat语法补充 牛人补充
as many=a number that is equal to another number 表示同样的数字As early as 不是比较，而是规定时间范围的固定用法able/unable to be done的结构错误Ability to do (for doing 和of doing错）Act as-----表功能Act like---跟人Aid in doingAffect优于have an effect onAim at doing/ with the aim of doingAllow sb to do(不能用虚拟语气should)Appear to be/appear as +n./appear +adj./appear thatAs being一定错As...so/ just as .....soas be the case (with)…，是as the case be 的倒装形式，其常见的错误用法包括：as it be；than be the case；as in/with the case of；Based on不能放句首，改为because ofBeing可能正确的情况例1.Being infected does not make you sick.例2 the judges saw the horses being led to the stables.but后面本应该加句子的，但是在助于相同的情况下可以省略主语。
如：This class is heard to be useful ,but then proved useless.Between A and B(不用with）Among(several items) --后不接with, andbecause of与on account of：because of意为"由于，因为"，强调因果关系，在句中仅作状语。
【尚友制造】美国GMAT 考试机经
标题：美国GMAT 考试机经尚友论坛【GMAT专区】【尚友学堂GMAT公开课】【GMAT机经专区】【GMAT资料下载区】【GMAT黄历查询】刚考完，分数很低。
数学是51，verbal很低。
所以也没有什么好share的。
把自己能记住的发帖出来积累人品。
呵呵。
得重考。
AA：（大概意思是这个，记不完全了）Last year, A survey at company X asks the employees to rank the importance of improving in the company. It found out that the employees rank the communications between the employees and management important. A regular communications sessions are conducted by high-level management, and all the employees can attend volunteerily. Therefore, the improvement of communications between the employees and management have been made.IR：1. 4 performers have been judged by 100 judgers. 然后是排名1，2，3，4. 给4个人不同的分数，是一个表格，3个问题是关于yes 和no的。
2. 大概意思是：temperature B is constant and equal to 另一个温度A吧，humidity is 100%. The humidity is linear related with temeperature. If the humidity decrease at 5%, the temperature will decrease 1 摄氏度。
【尚友制造】[GMAT语法]一份值得推荐的语法备考心得
![【尚友制造】[GMAT语法]一份值得推荐的语法备考心得](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/f9c7fb44fe4733687e21aae6.png)
[GMAT语法]一份值得推荐的语法备考心得尚友论坛【GMAT专区】【尚友学堂GMAT公开课】【GMAT机经专区】【GMAT资料下载区】【GMAT黄历查询】师傅领进门，修行靠自己。
==============================原创自:gemi语法神仙前几天，SBBI，我的语法导师，指示一定要写一篇语法心得，并且不得推辞，否则是全人类文明的损失（SBBI 老人家总是这么抬举、鼓励和扶持后人啊！）既然SBBI老人家这么高抬我，而且承蒙考试期间SBBI导师和各位XDJM的大力帮助，涌泉之恩，我却只有滴水相报。
那我就斗胆写几句吧。
不对之处大家多指正！一、语法入门资料和真题首先，语法复习的入门材料当然是OG和LZM。
最重要、最经典的当然是OG，这是每个参加考试的人必须要看的。
因为这是ETS给出的官方权威解释。
根据每个人的具体情况，需要看的遍数我想也不一样。
但一般来说，最少应该有个2、3遍吧？（请导师SBBI指正）因为OG的有些解释是很艰深的，一遍肯定吃不透。
看个7遍8遍的也不算多。
而我对LZM有很矛盾的心理(ambivalence)，一方面这本书里的确有很多非常精彩的解释。
窃以为，LZM对GMAT语法的研究确实下了功夫，的确有一种参透生死的觉悟；HOWEVER，这本书可能是受一些不良的影响，确实又有太多的胡说八道的东西，对我们树立正确的改错观念非常不利。
例如他书中的那些什么公理，there being, of being必错（我们不说阅读，就是语法题干里就出现过of being啊），确实不敢恭维呀！还有这哥们竟然说where once是because的意思！如何对待这本书由自己定夺啦。
但是记住不可尽信！（说的有道理或证据确凿时才信，没有根据的公理少信。
但这对于初学者实在难啊）关于真题，不谦虚地说，我总结的“GMAT SC大全”（dispbbs.asp?boardID=23&ID=21000）不可少啦。
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[GMAT语法]Instead of v.s. instead的区别
尚友论坛【GMAT专区】
【尚友学堂GMAT公开课】
【GMAT机经专区】
【GMAT资料下载区】
【GMAT黄历查询】
先看下面这两句话，表达的意思重心都是小毛更喜欢青菜。
小毛爱吃菜而不是（Instead of）肉。
小毛不爱吃肉；相反（Instead），他爱吃菜。
在GMAT中前一句要用Instead of后一句要用Instead。
即：一个句子使用Instead强调要做的是后面内容，使用Instead of强调要做的的是前面的内容（instead of的内容是实际上不会发生、不会做的，表达的是一种否定语气）。
简单说：Instead表达“而是要”，Instead of表达“而不是”
下面是具体例子：
Instead of
(是…)而不是…
强调内容在Instead of前，Instead of的内容不是句子重心真正要做的，而是比照相对句子重心内容的附带对比内容。
例句：
Shall we have fish instead of meat today?今天我们不吃肉吃鱼好吗?
Give me this instead of that.给我这个, 不要那个。
Taking exercise every day makes him look younger instead of older.每天锻炼身体使他看起来年轻而不显老。
We went to the Biology class instead of attending the English lesson.我们去上生物课而不去上英语课。
He has been playing all afternoon instead of getting on with his work.他整个下午一直在玩, 没有继续工作。
With Massa’s departure, House Democrats need 216 votes,instead of217, to pass health care legislation.
Cuomo, who is widely expected to run for governor this year, has called for putting the pension fund under the control of a board of trustees,instead of the comptroller.
''This 'restoration' has been done in a very unprofessional way,'' Schweizer said in an e-mail message sent to the AP. ''Too many stones had been changed,instead of restoring.
Most of Portugal’s 250,000 university students boycotted classes in a one-day strike to protest a law that requires them to contribute $330 a year toward the cost of higher education,instead of the $7 per year required previously.
Research during the past several decades on the nature of language and the processes that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity. (D-p72-8)
Instead
反而，却
强调在Instead后，Instead的内容是句子重心真正要做的，这部分正式句子强调的重心。
例句：
Mike doesn't study at all.Instead, he sits idle all day. 迈克根本不肯读书, 相反地, 他终日游手好闲。
According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a "soft landing," followed by a gradual increase in business activity.
Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone；instead, it has become precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.
Evolutionary psychology holds that the human mind is not a "blank slate" but instead comprises specialized mental mechanisms that were developed to solve specific problems human ancestors faced millions of years ago.
Gone are the sharp edges and jutting planes of styles from former eras;instead, designers of everything from cars to computer monitors have adopted a cornerless style of smooth surfaces and curves that is more ergonomic, conforming to the shape of the body rather than flaunting shape for its own sake.
Pioneered by scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory, BEAM robots are not programmed to walk;instead they use brain like circuits called neural networks to learn to walk through trial and error.
Cash flows to stock and bond mutual funds have gained strength in the last two months, but fund managers have not been eager to invest the new money,instead preferring to raise the cash levels in their portfolios to the highest level in six months.
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