共型光学零件加工(英文,美国罗切斯特大学)
16 September 2004TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION BRIEFCONFORMAL OGIVE ALON DOME FABRICATION Keywords:Conformal, freeform, optics, ogive, ALON™, domes, near-net-shape castings, infrared transmitting ceramicsThis brief will describe a successful project at the Center for Optics Manufacturing (COM) to demonstrate a conformal optics manufacturing process to deterministically microgrind a freeform ogive missile dome of ALON™ ceramic from a near-net-shape cast blank. The dome is 6.45 inches tall and 4.7 inches wide at the base. The concave surface was an off axis sphere, and the convex surface was an asphere. Both surfaces transitioned to a sphere at their apex.Contact:John SchoenActing DirectorTel: 585-275-8296Email: schoen@Fabrication Processes:A near net shape molded dome of ALON™ was provided in an oversized condition. The dome’s shapes were then deterministically contour microground with toric shaped grinding wheels on the convex surface, and ball shaped grinding wheels on the concave surface. For added stiffness and positional accuracy during grinding, COM leveraged and applied the technology the Moore Nanotech 500FG multi-axis freeform machining platform developed in the DARPA Precision Conformal Optics Technology program.The following presents the steps used to fabricate the dome.•The dome blank was received molded oversized to the final shape, per Figure 1Figure 1: ALON dome as near net shape•The first step was to block the blank into a conforming fixture using UV adhesive for processing the concave surface (see figure 2). The first grinding step was to grind a flat on the base, and bring the dome to the correct height.Figure 2: Computer model of ALON dome and fixture for concave side processing.•The second step was to grind (FG500) the concave surface using ball tools. The surface would be referenced to the flat base that was ground in the previous step. To accomplish this task, a series of different size ball tools were used to reduce tool wear during the grinding cycle, and to maximize grinding efficiency.Figure 3: Examples of ball tools grinding ALON dome, and various ball tool configurations.•The final step for the concave surface was to develop a hybrid conventional polishing process it before deblocking. A tool was designed and made by a rapid prototype machine located at COM’s facility. The tool was made with a shorter radius to accommodate the thickness of double-sided foam tape, and a polyurethane pad with a diamond slurry worked the best to remove the sub-surface damage and “shine” the surface. Figure 4 shows this process.Figure 4: a.) Polishing tools with various polyurethane pads attached. b.) Polishing tool was hand held during polishing operation.•Once the concave side was complete, the dome was deblocked and inverted to grind the convex surface. The fixture for the convex surface held the dome by the concave curve with the adhesive, and was referenced by optical contact with the base to try and obtain the best tilt accuracy. Figure 5 shows this process.Figure 5: Blocking fixture for the convex surface processing, and dome mounted to fixture.•The dome’s convex surface was then ground to final shape with two torrid shaped contour grinding wheels using a 3-axis motion (X, Z and B). Figure 6 depicts this process on the Moore FG500 freeform machine platform.Figure 6: Progression of grinding wheel for contour grinding the convex surface of the ALON dome.•Once the convex surface of the dome was ground to final specifications, it was hand polished to remove the residual sub-surface damage. The dome was left blocked on its fixture, and placed on a single spindle polisher. There, the same process was used as described in step 3. Figure 7 shows the finalized dome.Figure 7: Finished ALON dome on mounting fixture.Current Development Efforts (2004):COM’s next focus has been to follow the successful grinding effort and to explore, develop and refine affordable and deterministic finishing/polishing processes for these conformal ogive shapes and the diverse range of IR ceramics such as ALON™, Spinel, Zinc Sulfide and/or nanograined alumina. These materials have relevance to DoD joint services and programs in the areas of transparent armor and missile systems.A new compliant sub-aperture optical finishing technique is being investigated for the removal of mid-spatial frequency artifacts and smoothing of hard polycrystalline infrared ceramics for aspheric applications and conformal shaped optics. The Ultra-Form concept was developed by OptiPro Systems, Ontario, NY, and is a joint process development effort with the Center for Optics Manufacturing (COM).[Optipro Systems, Ontatio, NY has been involved with deterministic processing programs since the inception of COM and was one of the first companies to commercialize the revolutionary Opticam® series of optical grinding platforms. Optipro has also provided significant in-kind support to this new effort in equipment, metrology and engineering support.]Developmental Superfine Platform (In-kind loan from Optipro Systems)The Ultra-Form tool is a pressurized, elastomeric bladder in the shape of a toroid.Finishing pads are attached to the periphery, allowing the use of a wide variety of padmaterials and abrasive selections.Figure 1: Ultra-Form processInitial development emphasis has been placed on demonstrating the reduction of surface roughness, removal of mid-spatial artifacts and understanding the material removal function and associated parameters.For ALON™ (from Surmet Corporation), which is a hard polycrystalline ceramic material,a diamond developmental pad was found that performed extremely well. With this pad we were able to remove sub-surface damage from ALON™, reduce the rms surface roughness below 10 nanometers and not induce any grain highlighting.the surface on a Zygo NewView 5000.(m i c r o n s 200r o u g h n e s sPromising ALON Results on Optipro CpX125 with 3M diamond padCOM is currently conducting experimentation and materials process development for:•ALON™ (Surmet, previously Raytheon),•Spinel (Surmet and Technology Assessment and Transfer)•Nano-grained alumina (CeraNova)Future Frontiers and Peril in 2005COM’s future objectives remain directed to developing and implementing affordable processes for the manufacture of precision optical shapes with an emphasis on emerging IR ceramics.These efforts involve leveraging a core competency of material science and the relationship to fabrication, finishing solutions employing new and novel approaches such as the above Ultra-Form process and Jet-Magnetorheological finishing.Support is essential to continue these efforts with our industrial partners and leverage COM’s assets of fabrication expertise and the resources of the University of Rochester. The future of COM is in jeopardy and will close in early 2005 without further support and funding for these efforts. Information regarding COM is attached.Contact:John M. Schoen, Acting DirectorTel: (585) 275-8296 • Fax: (585) 275-7225 • Email: schoen@Overview of the Center for Optics ManufacturingThe University of Rochester’s Center for Optics Manufacturing (COM), established in 1990, is a nationally supported, award-winning university-industry-DoD research and development alliance that is modernizing precision optics manufacturing technology. The Army has funded COM, a DoD Center of Excellence for Optics, on a yearly basis since its inception. Part of the Army’s Manufacturing Science and Technology (ManTech) program, COM is an important element of the DoD strategy to develop and acquire affordable equipment for the warfighter, and to do so with dramatically reduced cycle time using commercial processes. COM fulfills this objective by systematically identifying and attacking manufacturing cost drivers and technology shortfalls that prevent the application of advanced optical shapes in next-generation optical systems. COM’s resources are its skilled staff, a large pool of University faculty and students, and industrial collaborators in small and large companies throughout the US.Awards and Accomplishments•DoD Manufacturing Technology Achievement Award in both 1992 and 2000•Photonics Circle of Excellence Award in 1993 and 2000•Laser Focus Commercial Technology Award in 1993 and 2000•R&D 100 Award in 2001 for breakthrough optics manufacturing technology developments•Over 150 COM-developed machines in commercial use on factory floors throughout the USFacilities and Research ProgramsCOM occupies 10,000 ft2 at the Center for Optoelectronics and Imaging on the University’s South Campus. Experimental and commercial CNC precision grinding and polishing machines are located in an open “shop floor” area. Here, teams study the manufacturing processes for finishing spheres, aspherics and conformal optics from an array of glasses, crystals and polycrystalline materials. Fundamental to this research is the development of scientific rule-based methods for the achievement of low subsurface damage in rapid grinding to shape, followed by rapid polishing to sub-nanometer roughness levels with surface figure errors at or below 0.1 micron. Optics metrology is carried out in a separate area equipped with an array of state-of-the-art instruments for evaluating surface form and roughness. A third lab is devoted to slurry fluid chemistry issues in the Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF) process that was invented at COM in the mid-1990’s. COM’s current emphasis is on process improvements for the manufacture of optics from hard, polycrystalline ceramics that offer multi-spectral imaging capability to viewing systems in tanks and aircraft.。
苏瑛-光学零件制造工艺学
光学零件特种加工工艺：特种加工工艺是按照不同技术要求 对冷加工或热加工之后的光学零件进行特殊加工。主要有光 学零件表面镀膜工艺、刻镀工艺、照相工艺、胶合工艺。 （1）光学零件镀膜工艺：它是在抛光或磨边好的零件表面上 镀一层薄膜，如镀增加透光或反光的膜层或其他用途的膜层。 该技术现在已形成一个薄膜光学技术，应用十分广泛。 （2）刻镀、照相工艺是在光学零件表面上制作各种分划标记 的工艺技术。 （3）胶合是将透镜、平面镜或棱镜按要求用光学胶胶合起来 的工艺。通常是将凸凹透镜胶合在一起来改善系统象差；棱 镜相胶来改变光路等。
图样绘制的要求应按照国家机械制图标准和光学制图标准及图样管理制度的 有关规定执行，一般应符合下列原则：
有关尺寸数据的标注均应符合国家制图标准。工艺图纸一般都要求标注允许 的公差范围，而不标注公差代号。需检验的尺寸、数据必须给出公差。
图样中所标注尺寸或数据有三种表示方法。 公称值：不带公差的名义值。加工中此值不做验收的依据，如透镜图中等焦距和
（2）按应力双折射大小分成三类
（3）按条纹大小分成四类
（4）按气泡大小和多少分成八类六级。
特殊玻璃
光学仪器中常用的特殊玻璃有耐辐射光学玻璃、石英光学玻璃、 微晶玻璃、窗用平板玻璃、硬质玻璃等。 一、耐辐射光学玻璃：在γ射线或高剂量的X射线的作用下，具有一 定的抗辐射性能的光学玻璃。耐辐射光学玻璃牌号的命名，按“无 色光学玻璃”牌号，根据其耐辐射性能的大小来分。 二、光学石英玻璃： 三、微晶玻璃：从原来的玻璃态经过热处理改变成的一种多晶体材 料。它的强度比普通玻璃大8倍；硬度比熔融石英还高，接近淬火 钢；密度低；具有高的热稳定性。 四、吸热玻璃：吸热滤光玻璃在可见光区域内有高的透过率而在红 外区域则大量吸收，对于光源的热辐射具有吸收性能。这种玻璃长 用于照明系统，吸收量随玻璃厚度的增加而增加，常用厚度为3mm。
激光加工技术PPT课件
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1—激 光 ； 2—被 焊 接 零 件 ； 3—被 熔 化 金 属 ； 4—已 冷 却 的 熔 池
图7-12 激光焊接过程示意图
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（四）激光表面处理 当激光的功率密度约为103～105 W/cm2时，便可实现对铸铁、 中碳钢，甚至低碳钢等材料进行激光表面淬火。淬火层深度一般为0.7～1.1 mm，淬火层硬度比常规淬火约高20%。激光淬火变形小，还能解决低碳钢 的表面淬火强化问题。图7-13为激光表面淬火处理应用实例。
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被激发到高能级的原子一般是很不稳定的，它总是力图回到能量较 低的能级去，原子从高能级回落到低能级的过程，称为“跃迁”。
在基态时，原子可以长时间的存在，而在激发状态的各种高能级的 原子停留的时间一般都较短。但有些原子或离子的高能级或次高能级却有着 较长的寿命，这种寿命较长的较高能级，称为亚稳定能级。
内的200 多种疾病。
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谢谢大家
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谢谢您的观看！
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固体激光器的基本结构示意图
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封离式CO2激光器结构示意图
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（二）导光聚焦系统 根据被加工工件的性能要求，光束经放大、整形、聚焦后作用于加工部 位，这种从激光器输出窗口到被加工工件之间的装置称为导光聚焦系统。 （三）激光加工系统 激光加工系统主要包括床身、能够在三维坐标范围内移动的工作台及机 电控制系统等。随着电子技术的发展，许多激光加工系统已采用计算机来控制 工作台的移动，实现激光加工的连续工作。
激光技术是20世纪60年代初发展起来的一门新兴科学，在材料加工 方面，已逐步形成一种崭新的加工方法——激光加工（简称LBM lasser beam machining）。激光加工可以用于打孔、切割、焊接、热处理等各 个领域。
光学零件镜片
ε
➢ 透镜存在偏心时，透镜的边缘厚度也有差异
（边厚差△t）。 △t=D*C/[f′*（n-1）]
➢ 加工中通过定心磨边保证偏心。
一般有光学定心及机械定心二种方式
光学零件概述
• 镀膜：
➢ 光学零件表面一般都要镀膜，镀膜要求依光学设计进行 ➢ 薄膜分类：增透膜、反光膜、分光膜、滤光膜、保护膜等等 ➢ 按结构分单层、多层 ➢ 大多数零件都是镀增透膜，主要参数是：
5、裂边要求：
R1、R2面：0.2
6、一般公差：±0.1，角度公差：±1°
7、椭圆、锥度必须在外径公差内
8、部品中禁止使用ROHS及CSE04011禁止物质
记号 日 期 1 08-6-19 2 3 4
订正内容 误记
担 当确 认 材 质
胡海涛
nd υd
f
NBFD15
面别 公称R值
1.80610±50 光线有效径
分类：单片研磨、多片研磨；低速研磨、高速研磨。
砂挂完品
加工第一面
加工第二面
研磨完品
7.芯取工程简介
光学零件芯取：
目的：校正偏心、外圆尺寸符合装配要求。 定义：校正偏心的过程即为定心。是把透镜二个球面的球心调
整到磨边机主轴线上，使得磨边时透镜是绕自身二个球 心连线旋转，则用砂轮磨削出的外圆柱面几何轴和光轴 一致。 芯取的实质是把透镜的几何轴固定到光轴上。
R1面欠膜自外径起0.5以内可
R2面镀全膜（平面部膜附可）
2、偏心检测基准：A+B/透过式50秒;并A+B测R1面跳动0.007;
3、面精度要求R1/R2：分散、椭圆R1面为0.5本 ，R2面为1本；
中高、中落、塌边、翘边R1面为0.5本 ，R2面为1本；
光学元件技术要求与检验国际新标准
Ra 0.012
Rq15nm
？
Rq2.0~0.5nm
• 国外光学元件表面粗糙度要求（RMS）
细磨玻璃表面、磁盘表面 良好的机械加工表面 单点金刚石切削表面 普通光学元件 超光滑光学元件 特殊超光滑光学元件 10nm- 几m 10nm- 1m 3-15nm 1.5-2.5nm <0.5nm <0.1nm
光学元件技术要求国际新标准 及其在我国推行与研究现状
基本内容
1. 概况
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
背景 基本内容及简要说明 值得关注的若干问题 推行及研神光Ⅲ 装置规定以ISO10110为基础制定各
种技术要求 • 上海地区光学商贸往来 • NIF: 1999年7月SPIE会议两条信息： (1) NIF光学图纸均按ISO10110标准实施 (2) MIL-0-13830A与ISO10110的转换关系
ISO1011 0-6
ETD n 1 3438 弧分 δ Φ
L f ETD 1 mm 1 1 R1 R2
ISO1 5/N×A； 0110 CN’×A’ -7 LN”×A”； EA” （方法1） 5/TV或 /TV；EA” 5/RV或 RV；EA” （方法2）
3.3 列表说明各部分内容 所在部分 ISO10110-2 编码 0／A 解 说 0／=材料应力双折射的编码 号 A=最大光程差（OPD）,以 nm/cm为单位 1/=材料气泡及杂质编码号 N=气泡和/或杂质数目A=气 泡分级数（尺寸），以mm 为单位所允许缺陷最大尺寸 截面面积的平方根 2/=材料非均匀性和条纹编码 号，A=非均匀性级数，B=条 纹级数
• 起草与颁布
◊ ISO/TC172/SC1/WG2/于1979年起草 “光学制图表示法” ◊定名为ISO10110 ◊依据DIN3140 差异 *表面粗糙度;*干涉波面描述;….. ◊1980年4月16日通过 ◊1996年发布1,2,3,5,6,7,9,10 1997年发布4,8,11,12,13
光学加工
国外光学加工技术发展现状如今我们不难发现，军用武器系统中几乎都装备有各种各样的光电传感器件，而在这些光电传感器件中，或多或少都采用了各种样式的光学零件。
从美国陆军所作的一项调查报告的材料中我们知道，1980～1990年美国军用激光和红外热成像产品所需要的各种光学零件就有114.77万块，其中球面光学零件为63.59万块，非球面光学零件为23.46万块，平面光学零件为18.1万块，多面体扫瞄镜为9.62万块。
拿M1坦克为例，其大约使用了90块透镜、30块棱镜以及各种反射镜、窗口和激光元件。
又如一具小小的AN/AVS-6飞行员夜视眼镜就采用了9块非球面光学零件和2块球面光学零件。
从70年代开始，以红外热成像和高能激光为代表的军用光学技术迅速发展。
军用光学系统不但要求成像质量好，而且要求体积小、重量轻、结构简单。
这对光学加工行业是一个严峻考验。
为了跟上时代发展的步伐，设计和制作出质地优良的光学成像系统，光学零件加工行业于70年代开展了大规模技术革命和创新活动，研究开发出许多新的光学零件加工方法，如非球面光学零件的加工法。
近10多年来，新的光学零件加工技术得到进一步地推广和普及。
目前，国外较为普遍采用的光学零件加工技术主要有：计算机数控单点金刚石车削技术、光学玻璃透镜模压成型技术、光学塑料成型技术、计算机数控研磨和抛光技术、环氧树脂复制技术、电铸成型技术……以及传统的研磨抛光技术等。
一.计算机数控单点金刚石车削技术计算机数控单点金刚石车削技术，是由美国国防科研机构于60年代率先开发、80年代得以推广应用的非球面光学零件加工技术。
它是在超精密数控车床上，采用天然单晶金刚石刀具，在对机床和加工环境进行精确控制条件下，直接利用金刚石刀具单点车削加工出符合光学质量要求的非球面光学零件。
该技术主要用于加工中小尺寸、中等批量的红外晶体和金属材料的光学零件，其特点是生产效率高、加工精度高、重复性好、适合批量生产、加工成本比传统的加工技术明显降低。
激光、光电、光学词汇中英文对照
激光、光电、光学词汇中英文对照1. 激光（Laser）2. 光电效应（Photoelectric Effect）3. 光学（Optics）4. 光纤（Fiber Optic）5. 光谱（Spectrum）6. 折射率（Refractive Index）7. 透镜（Lens）8. 反射（Reflection）9. 干涉（Interference）10. 衍射（Diffraction）11. 偏振（Polarization）12. 激光切割（Laser Cutting）13. 激光焊接（Laser Welding）14. 光电探测器（Photoelectric Detector）15. 光电传感器（Photoelectric Sensor）16. 光学显微镜（Optical Microscope）17. 光学望远镜（Optical Telescope）18. 光学镜头（Optical Lens）19. 光学滤波器（Optical Filter）20. 光学编码器（Optical Enr）21. 光学通信（Optical Communication）22. 光学存储（Optical Storage）24. 光学子系统（Optical Subsystem）25. 光学设计（Optical Design）26. 光学加工（Optical Fabrication）27. 光学镀膜（Optical Coating）28. 光学检测（Optical Inspection）29. 光学成像（Optical Imaging）30. 光学治疗（Optical Therapy）31. 光学材料（Optical Materials）32. 光学元件（Optical Elements）33. 光学路径（Optical Path）34. 光学平台（Optical Platform）35. 光学子件（Optical Component）36. 光学连接器（Optical Connector）37. 光学开关（Optical Switch）38. 光学调制器（Optical Modulator）39. 光学衰减器（Optical Attenuator）40. 光学放大器（Optical Amplifier）41. 光学显示器（Optical Display）42. 光学子午线（Optical Meridian）43. 光学分辨率（Optical Resolution）44. 光学畸变（Optical Distortion）45. 光学厚度（Optical Thickness）46. 光学密度（Optical Density）48. 光学干涉仪（Optical Interferometer）49. 光学相干断层扫描（Optical Coherence Tomography）50. 光学扫描器（Optical Scanner）51. 光学跟踪（Optical Tracking）52. 光学遥感（Optical Remote Sensing）53. 光学成像系统（Optical Imaging System）54. 光学跟踪系统（Optical Tracking System）55. 光学定位系统（Optical Positioning System）56. 光学子午仪（Optical Meridian Instrument）57. 光学补偿器（Optical Compensator）58. 光学补偿器（Optical Corrector）59. 光学基准（Optical Reference）60. 光学基准面（Optical Reference Plane）这些词汇涵盖了激光、光电和光学领域的基本概念、技术和设备。
第八章-光学系统的设计
2
§ 8－1常用光学设计软件
南开大学现代光学研究所
现代光学设计软件的特点
通用性强
共轴和非共轴系统；各类常规和复杂表面（球面、 平面、非球面、二元面等）；材料种类；孔径形 状等。
分析能力强
几何像差；波像差；点列图；传递函数；热分 析；公差分析等。
优化能力
像差自动平衡和优化；边界条件和评价函数灵活
图形界面
南开大学现代光学研究所研究生课程——光学仪器原理(X. Zhao)
8
LightTools
与CODE V同公司。 可操作性强，建模功能强大。具有优化功能。
两类软件的区别
前者针对成像系统和像差分析；后者针对非成 像系统和非序列光线追迹。 前者侧重优化；后者侧重仿真分析。
南开大学现代光学研究所研究生课程——光学仪器原理(X. Zhao)
42
§ 8－6 光学系统设计实例
南开大学现代光学研究所
投影物镜设计实例
指标要求
焦距 相对孔径
14 mm 1:2.4
视场角2ω 放大率
54度 27×
后工作距离
21 mm
畸变
<1%
MTF
> 60%@36 lp 照度均匀性
选择初始结构
>95%
双胶合前组＋双高斯后组
输入基本参数
系统参数；波长；视场；各面形参数
南开大学现代光学研究所研究生课程——光学仪器原理(X. Zhao)
41
初步分析
自动优化
Solves Merit function Optimization
评价与分析
Ray fans Spot diagram OPD fans Aberrations
光学零件加工流程综述(完整版)
镀膜材料包括金属、介质等，根据不同的光学要求选择不同的镀膜 材料。
镀膜工艺
镀膜工艺包括真空蒸发、化学气相沉积、物理气相沉积等，以达到不 同的光学要求。
切割技术
1 2
切割技术
通过切割将光学零件加工成所需的形状和尺寸。
切割工具
切割工具包括金刚石刀具、线切割等，根据不同 的材料和要求选择不同的切割工具。
光学元件的污染问题与对策
污染问题
在光学零件加工过程中，由于空气中悬 浮颗粒、油雾、手汗等原因，可能导致 光学元件的污染，如表面污渍、颗粒附 着等，这些问题会影响光学元件的光学 性能和寿命。
VS
对策
为了减小污染，加工车间应保持清洁和干 燥，定期进行空气净化处理；操作人员应 穿戴干净的工作服和手套，避免直接接触 光学元件；在加工完成后，应及时对光学 元件进行清洗和保护，避免污染和损伤。 同时，可以采用一些表面处理技术来提高 光学元件的抗污染能力，如镀膜、涂层等 。
光学零件加工流程综述（完整版
contents
目录
• 光学零件简介 • 光学零件加工流程 • 光学零件加工技术 • 光学零件加工中的问题与对策 • 光学零件加工的未来发展 • 结论
01 光学零件简介
光学零件的定义与分类
定义
光学零件是指利用光的折射、反射、 干涉等原理制成的各种元件，如透镜、 棱镜、反射镜等。
06 结论
总结
01
本文对光学零件加工流程进行了全面综述，详细介绍了光学零 件的种类、加工原理、工艺流程和关键技术。
02
通过分析不同类型的光学零件加工流程，总结了各流程的特点
和适用范围，为实际生产提供了指导。
针对现有加工技术的不足，提出了改进和优化的方向，为未来
coherent相干公司的介绍
Coherent公司是一家总部位于美国加州的全球领先的激光技术公司。
该公司成立于1966年，是激光技术领域的先驱和创新者，致力于开发、制造和销售各种激光器、光学元件和激光系统，以满足科研、工业、医疗、通信等多个领域的需求。
公司历史Coherent公司始于1966年，最初是由一个名叫詹姆斯·汉森（James Hobart）的物理学家和一群斯坦福大学的研究人员共同创立的。
最初，公司主要从事激光技术的研究和开发工作，随着时间的推移，逐渐成为全球领先的激光技术公司之一。
技术创新Coherent公司在激光技术领域拥有丰富的技术积累和创新能力。
该公司的产品涵盖了各种激光器、光学元件和激光系统，包括固态激光器、半导体激光器、气体激光器、飞秒激光器等。
这些产品在科学研究、工业制造、医疗诊断和治疗、通信等领域都有广泛的应用。
应用领域Coherent公司的产品被广泛应用于各种领域：科学研究：用于物理学、化学、生物学等领域的实验和研究。
工业制造：用于激光切割、激光焊接、激光打标等工业生产过程中的精密加工。
医疗诊断和治疗：用于激光手术、医学成像、激光治疗等医疗应用。
通信：用于光纤通信系统中的光源和调制器件。
全球影响力Coherent公司拥有全球范围内的销售和服务网络，在美国、欧洲、亚洲等地设有分支机构和办事处，为客户提供及时、专业的技术支持和售后服务。
该公司的产品和解决方案已经在全球范围内得到广泛应用，并赢得了客户的信赖和好评。
社会责任作为一家全球性企业，Coherent公司积极履行社会责任，致力于环境保护、员工福利和社区发展。
该公司通过采取节能减排、资源循环利用等措施，努力降低环境影响。
同时，Coherent还支持员工培训和教育项目，并积极参与社会公益活动，推动科技进步与社会发展的融合。
总的来说，Coherent公司以其丰富的激光技术经验、广泛的产品线和全球化的影响力，成为了全球激光技术领域的领先企业之一，为推动科技进步和社会发展做出了重要贡献。
各种专业课程英文名称翻译
课程的英文词汇（一）生物物理学Biophysics真空冷冻干燥技术Vacuum Freezing & Drying Technology16位微机16 Digit MicrocomputerALGOL语言ALGOL LanguageBASIC 语言BASIC LanguageBASIC 语言及应用BASIC Language & ApplicationC 语言C LanguageCAD 概论Introduction to CADCAD/CAM CAD/CAMCOBOL语言COBOL LanguageCOBOL语言程序设计COBOL Language Program DesigningC与UNIX环境C Language & Unix EnvironmentC语言与生物医学信息处理C Language & Biomedical Information Processing dBASE Ⅲ课程设计C ourse Exercise in dBASE ⅢFORTRAN语言FORTRAN LanguageIBM-PC/XT Fundamentals of Microcomputer IBM-PC/XTIBM-PC微机原理Fundamentals of Microcomputer IBM-PCLSI设计基础Basic of LSI DesigningPASCAL大型作业PASCAL Wide Range WorkingPASCAL课程设计Course Exercise in PASCALX射线与电镜X-ray & Electric MicroscopeZ-80汇编语言程序设计Z-80 Pragramming in Assembly Languages板壳理论Plate Theory板壳力学Plate Mechanics半波实验Semiwave Experiment半导体变流技术Semiconductor Converting Technology半导体材料Semiconductor Materials半导体测量Measurement of Semiconductors半导体瓷敏元件Semiconductor Porcelain-Sensitive Elements半导体光电子学Semiconductor Optic Electronics半导体化学Semiconductor Chemistry半导体激光器Semiconductor Laser Unit半导体集成电路Semiconductor Integrated Circuitry半导体理论Semiconductive Theory半导体器件Semiconductor Devices半导体器件工艺原理Technological Fundamentals of Semiconductor Device 半导体物理Semiconductor Physics半导体专业Semiconduction Specialty半导体专业实验Specialty Experiment of Semiconductor薄膜光学Film Optics报告文学专题Special Subject On Reportage报刊编辑学Newspaper & Magazine Editing报纸编辑学Newspaper Editing泵与风机Pumps and Fans泵与水机Pumps & Water Turbines毕业设计Graduation Thesis编译方法Methods of Compiling编译技术Technique of Compiling编译原理Fundamentals of Compiling变电站的微机检测与控制Computer Testing & Control in Transformer Substatio n变分法与张量Calculus of Variations & Tensor变分学Calculus of Variations变质量系统热力学与新型回转压Variable Quality System Thermal Mechanics & N eo-Ro表面活性物质Surface Reactive Materials并行算法Parallel Algorithmic波谱学Wave Spectrum材料的力学性能测试Measurement of Material Mechanical Performance材料力学Mechanics of Materials财务成本管理Financial Cost Management财政学Public Finance财政与金融Finance & Banking财政与信贷Finance & Credit操作系统Disk Operating System操作系统课程设计Course Design in Disk Operating System操作系统原理Fundamentals of Disk Operating System策波测量技术Technique of Whip Wave Measurement测量原理与仪器设计Measurement Fundamentals & Meter Design测试技术Testing Technology测试与信号变换处理Testing & Signal Transformation Processing产业经济学Industrial Economy产业组织学Industrial Organization Technoooligy场论Field Theory常微分方程Ordinary Differentical Equations超导磁体及应用Superconductive Magnet & Application超导及应用Superconductive & Application超精微细加工Super-Precision & Minuteness Processing城市规划原理Fundamentals of City Planning城市社会学Urban Sociology成组技术Grouping Technique齿轮啮合原理Principles of Gear Connection冲击测量及误差Punching Measurement & Error冲压工艺Sheet Metal forming Technology抽象代数Abstract Algebra传动概论Introduction to Transmission传感器与检测技术Sensors & Testing Technology传感器原理Fundamentals of Sensors传感器原理及应用Fundamentals of Sensors & Application传热学Heat Transfer传坳概论Introduction to Pass Col船舶操纵Ship Controling船舶电力系统Ship Electrical Power System船舶电力系统课程设计Course Exercise in Ship Electrical Power System船舶电气传动自动化Ship Electrified Transmission Automation船舶电站Ship Power Station船舶动力装置Ship Power Equipment船舶概论Introduction to Ships船舶焊接与材料Welding & Materials on Ship船舶机械控制技术Mechanic Control Technology for Ships船舶机械拖动Ship Mechamic Towage船舶建筑美学Artistic Designing of Ships船舶结构力学Structual Mechamics for Ships船舶结构与制图Ship Structure & Graphing船舶静力学Ship Statics船舶强度与结构设计Designing Ship Intensity & Structure船舶设计原理Principles of Ship Designing船舶推进Ship Propeling船舶摇摆Ship Swaying船舶阻力Ship Resistance船体建造工艺Ship-Building Technology船体结构Ship Structure船体结构图Ship Structure Graphing船体振动学Ship Vibration创造心理学Creativity Psychology磁测量技术Magnetic Measurement Technology磁传感器Magnetic Sensor磁存储设备设计原理Fundamental Design of Magnetic Memory Equipment 磁记录技术Magnetographic Technology磁记录物理Magnetographic Physics磁路设计与场计算Magnetic Path Designing & Magnetic Field Calculati磁盘控制器Magnetic Disk Controler磁性材料Magnetic Materials磁性测量Magnetic Measurement磁性物理Magnetophysics磁原理及应用Principles of Catalyzation & Application大电流测量Super-Current Measurement大电源测量Super-Power Measurement大机组协调控制Coordination & Control of Generator Networks大跨度房屋结构Large-Span House structure大型锅炉概况Introduction to Large-Volume Boilers大型火电机组控制Control of Large Thermal Power Generator Networks大学德语College German大学俄语College Russian大学法语College French大学日语College Japanese大学英语College English大学语文College Chinese大众传播学Mass Media代用运放电路Simulated Transmittal Circuit单片机原理Fundamentals of Mono-Chip Computers单片机原理及应用Fundamentals of Mono-Chip Computers & Applications 弹性力学Theory of Elastic Mechanics当代国际关系Contemporary International Relationship当代国外社会思维评价Evaluation of Contemporary Foreign Social Thought 当代文学Contemporary Literature当代文学专题Topics on Contemporary Literature当代西方哲学Contemporary Western Philosophy当代戏剧与电影Contemporary Drama & Films党史History of the Party导波光学Wave Guiding Optics等离子体工程Plasma Engineering低频电子线路Low Frequency Electric Circuit低温传热学Cryo Conduction低温固体物理Cryo Solid Physics低温技术原理与装置Fundamentals of Cryo Technology & Equipment低温技术中的微机原理Priciples of Microcomputer in Cryo Technology低温绝热Cryo Heat Insulation低温气体制冷机Cryo Gas Refrigerator低温热管Cryo Heat Tube低温设备Cryo Equipment低温生物冻干技术Biological Cryo Freezing Drying Technology低温实验技术Cryo Experimentation Technology低温物理导论Cryo Physic Concepts低温物理概论Cryo Physic Concepts低温物理概念Cryo Physic Concepts低温仪表及测试Cryo Meters & Measurement低温原理Cryo Fundamentals低温中的微机应用Application of Microcomputer in Cryo Technology低温装置Cryo Equipment低噪声电子电路Low-Noise Electric Circuit低噪声电子设计Low-Noise Electronic Designing低噪声放大与弱检Low-Noise Increasing & Decreasing低噪声与弱信号检测Detection of Low Noise & Weak Signals地理Geography第二次世界大战史History of World War II电测量技术Electric Measurement Technology电厂计算机控制系统Computer Control System in Power Plants电磁测量实验技术Electromagnetic Measurement Experiment & Technology电磁场计算机Electromagnetic Field Computers电磁场理论Theory of Electromagnetic Fields电磁场数值计算Numerical Calculation of Electromagnetic Fields电磁场与电磁波Electromagnetic Fields & Magnetic Waves电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Fields & Micro-Wave Technology电磁场中的数值方法Numerical Methods in Electromagnetic Fields电磁场中的数值计算Numerical Calculation in Electromagnetic Fields电磁学Electromagnetics电动力学Electrodynamics电镀Plating电分析化学Electro-Analytical Chemistry电工测试技术基础Testing Technology of Electrical Engineering电工产品学Electrotechnical Products电工电子技术基础Electrical Technology & Electrical Engineering电工电子学Electronics in Electrical Engineering电工基础Fundamental Theory of Electrical Engineering电工基础理论Fundamental Theory of Electrical Engineering电工基础实验Basic Experiment in Electrical Engineering电工技术Electrotechnics电工技术基础Fundamentals of Electrotechnics电工实习Electrical Engineering Practice电工实验技术基础Experiment Technology of Electrical Engineering电工学Electrical Engineering电工与电机控制Electrical Engineering & Motor Control电弧电接触Electrical Arc Contact电弧焊及电渣焊Electric Arc Welding & Electroslag Welding电化学测试技术Electrochemical Measurement Technology电化学工程Electrochemical Engineering电化学工艺学Electrochemical Technology电机测试技术Motor Measuring Technology电机电磁场的分析与计算Analysis & Calculation of Electrical Motor & Electromagnetic Fields电机电器与供电Motor Elements and Power Supply电机课程设计Course Exercise in Electric Engine电机绕组理论Theory of Motor Winding电机绕组理论及应用Theory & Application of Motor Winding电机设计Design of Electrical Motor电机瞬变过程Electrical Motor Change Processes电机学Electrical Motor电机学及控制电机Electrical Machinery Control & Technology电机与拖动Electrical Machinery & Towage电机原理Principle of Electric Engine电机原理与拖动Principles of Electrical Machinery & Towage电机专题Lectures on Electric Engine电接触与电弧Electrical Contact & Electrical Arc电介质物理Dielectric Physics电镜Electronic Speculum电力电子电路Power Electronic Circuit电力电子电器Power Electronic Equipment电力电子器件Power Electronic Devices电力电子学Power Electronics电力工程Electrical Power Engineering电力生产技术Technology of Electrical Power Generation电力生产优化管理Optimal Management of Electrical Power Generation电力拖动基础Fundamentals for Electrical Towage电力拖动控制系统Electrical Towage Control Systems电力系统Power Systems电力系统电源最优化规划Optimal Planning of Power Source in a Power System 电力系统短路Power System Shortcuts电力系统分析Power System Analysis电力系统规划Power System Planning电力系统过电压Hyper-Voltage of Power Systems电力系统继电保护原理Power System Relay Protection电力系统经济分析Economical Analysis of Power Systems电力系统经济运行Economical Operation of Power Systems电力系统可靠性Power System Reliability电力系统可靠性分析Power System Reliability Analysis电力系统无功补偿及应用Non-Work Compensation in Power Systems & Applicati 电力系统谐波Harmonious Waves in Power Systems电力系统优化技术Optimal Technology of Power Systems电力系统优化设计Optimal Designing of Power Systems电力系统远动Operation of Electric Systems电力系统远动技术Operation Technique of Electric Systems电力系统运行Operation of Electric Systems电力系统自动化Automation of Electric Systems电力系统自动装置Power System Automation Equipment电路测试技术Circuit Measurement Technology电路测试技术基础Fundamentals of Circuit Measurement Technology电路测试技术及实验Circuit Measurement Technology & Experiments电路分析基础Basis of Circuit Analysis电路分析基础实验Basic Experiment on Circuit Analysis电路分析实验Experiment on Circuit Analysis电路和电子技术Circuit and Electronic Technique电路理论Theory of Circuit电路理论基础Fundamental Theory of Circuit电路理论实验Experiments in Theory of Circuct电路设计与测试技术Circuit Designing & Measurement Technology电器学Electrical Appliances电器与控制Electrical Appliances & Control电气控制技术Electrical Control Technology电视接收技术Television Reception Technology电视节目Television Porgrams电视节目制作Television Porgram Designing电视新技术New Television Technology电视原理Principles of Television电网调度自动化Automation of Electric Network Management电影艺术Art of Film Making电站微机检测控制Computerized Measurement & Control of Power Statio电子材料与元件测试技术Measuring Technology of Electronic Material and Element电子材料元件Electronic Material and Element电子材料元件测量Electronic Material and Element Measurement电子测量与实验技术Technology of Electronic Measurement & Experiment电子测试Electronic Testing电子测试技术Electronic Testing Technology电子测试技术与实验Electronic Testing Technology & Experiment电子机械运动控制技术Technology of Electronic Mechanic Movement Control电子技术Technology of Electronics电子技术腐蚀测试中的应用Application of Electronic Technology in Erosion Measurement电子技术基础Basic Electronic Technology电子技术基础与实验Basic Electronic Technology & Experiment电子技术课程设计Course Exercise in Electronic Technology电子技术实验Experiment in Electronic Technology电子理论实验Experiment in Electronic Theory电子显微分析Electronic Micro-Analysis电子显微镜Electronic Microscope电子线路Electronic Circuit电子线路设计与测试技术Electronic Circuit Design & Measurement Technology电子线路实验Experiment in Electronic Circuit电子照相技术Electronic Photographing TechnologyPurPoison2006-03-15 14:56课程的英文词汇（二）雕塑艺术欣赏Appreciation of Sculptural Art调节装置Regulation Equipment动态规划Dynamic Programming动态无损检测Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement动态信号分析与仪器Dynamic Signal Analysis & Apparatus锻压工艺Forging Technology锻压机械液压传动Hydraulic Transmission in Forging Machinery锻压加热设备Forging Heating Equipment锻压设备专题Lectures on Forging Press Equipments锻压系统动力学Dynamics of Forging System锻造工艺Forging Technology断裂力学Fracture Mechanics对外贸易概论Introduction to International Trade多层网络方法Multi-Layer Network Technology多目标优化方法Multipurpose Optimal Method多项距阵Multi-Nominal Matrix多元统计分析Multi-Variate Statistical Analysis发电厂Power Plant发电厂电气部分Electric Elements of Power Plants法律基础Fundamentals of Law法学概论An Introduction to Science of Law法学基础Fundamentals of Science of Law翻译Translation翻译理论与技巧Theory & Skills of Translation泛函分析Functional Analysis房屋建筑学Architectural Design & Construction非电量测量Non-Electricity Measurement非金属材料Non-Metal Materials非线性采样系统Non-Linear Sampling System非线性光学Non-Linear Optics非线性规划Non-Linear Programming非线性振荡Non-Linear Ocsillation非线性振动Non-Linear Vibration沸腾燃烧Boiling Combustion分析化学Analytical Chemistry分析化学实验Analytical Chemistry Experiment分析力学Analytical Mechanics风机调节Fan Regulation风机调节.使用.运转Regulation,Application & Operation of Fans风机三元流动理论与设计Tri-Variate Movement Theory & Design of Fans风能利用Wind Power Utilization腐蚀电化学实验Experiment in Erosive Electrochemistry复变函数Complex Variables Functions复变函数与积分变换Functions of Complex Variables & Integral Transformation复合材料力学Compound Material Mechanics傅里叶光学Fourier Optics概率论Probability Theory概率论与数理统计Probability Theory & Mathematical Statistics概率论与随机过程Probability Theory & Stochastic Process钢笔画Pen Drawing钢的热处理Heat-Treatment of Steel钢结构Steel Structure钢筋混凝土Reinforced Concrete钢筋混凝土及砖石结构Reinforced Concrete & Brick Structure钢砼结构Reinforced Concrete Structure高层建筑基础设计Designing bases of High Rising Buildings高层建筑结构设计Designing Structures of High Rising Buildings高等材料力学Advanced Material Mechanics高等代数Advanced Algebra高等教育管理Higher Education Management高等教育史History of Higher Education高等教育学Higher Education高等数学Advanced Mathematics高电压技术High-Voltage Technology高电压测试技术High-Voltage Test Technology高分子材料High Polymer Material高分子材料及加工High Polymer Material & Porcessing高分子化学High Polymer Chemistry高分子化学实验High Polymer Chemistry Experiment高分子物理High Polymer Physics高分子物理实验High Polymer Physics Experiment高级英语听说Advanced English Listening & Speaking高能密束焊High Energy-Dense Beam Welding高频电路High-Frenquency Circuit高频电子技术High-Frenquency Electronic Technology高频电子线路High-Frenquency Electronic Circuit高压测量技术High-Voltage Measurement Technology高压测试技术High-Voltage Testing Technology高压电场的数值计算Numerical Calculation in High-Voltage Electronic Field 高压电器High-Voltage Electrical Appliances高压绝缘High-Voltage Insulation高压实验High-Voltage Experimentation高压试验技术High-Voltage Experimentation Technology工程材料的力学性能测试Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials工程材料及热处理Engineering Material and Heat Treatment工程材料学Engineering Materials工程测量Engineering Surveying工程测试技术Engineering Testing Technique工程测试实验Experiment on Engineering Testing工程测试信息Information of Engineering Testing工程动力学Engineering Dynamics工程概论Introduction to Engineering工程概预算Project Budget工程经济学Engineering Economics工程静力学Engineering Statics工程力学Engineering Mechanics工程热力学Engineering Thermodynamics工程项目评估Engineering Project Evaluation工程优化方法Engineering Optimizational Method工程运动学Engineering Kinematics工程造价管理Engineering Cost Management工程制图Graphing of Engineering工业分析Industrial Analysis工业锅炉Industrial Boiler工业会计学Industrial Accounting工业机器人Industrial Robot工业技术基础Basic Industrial Technology工业建筑设计原理Principles of Industrial Building Design工业经济理论Industrial Economic Theory工业经济学Industrial Economics工业企业财务管理Industrial Enterprise Financial Management工业企业财务会计Accounting in Industrial Enterprises工业企业管理Industrial Enterprise Management工业企业经营管理Industrial Enterprise Adminstrative Management 工业社会学Industrial Sociology工业心理学Industrial Psychology工业窑炉Industrial Stoves工艺过程自动化Technics Process Automation公差Common Difference公差技术测量Technical Measurement with Common Difference公差与配合Common Difference & Cooperation公共关系学Public Relations公文写作Document Writing古代汉语Ancient Chinese古典文学作品选读Selected Readings in Classical Literature固体激光Solid State Laser固体激光器件Solid Laser Elements固体激光与电源Solid State Laser & Power Unit固体物理Solid State Physics管理概论Introduction to Management管理经济学Management Economics管理数学Management Mathematics管理系统模拟Management System Simulation管理心理学Management Psychology管理信息系统Management Information Systems光波导理论Light Wave Guide Theory光电技术Photoelectric Technology光电信号处理Photoelectric Signal Processing光电信号与系统分析Photoelectric Signal & Systematic Analysis光辐射探测技术Ray Radiation Detection Technology光谱Spectrum光谱分析Spectral Analysis光谱学Spectroscopy光纤传感Fibre Optical Sensors光纤传感器Fibre Optical Sensors光纤传感器基础Fundamentals of Fibre Optical Sensors光纤传感器及应用Fibre Optical Sensors & Applications光纤光学课程设计Course Design of Fibre Optical光纤技术实验Experiments in Fibre Optical Technology光纤通信基础Basis of Fibre Optical Communication光学Optics光学测量Optical Measurement光学分析法Optical Analysis Method光学计量仪器设计Optical Instrument Gauge Designing光学检测Optical Detection光学设计Optical Design光学信息导论Introduction of Optical Infomation光学仪器设计Optical Instrument Designing光学仪器与计量仪器设计Optical Instrument & Gauge Instrument Designing 光学仪器装配与校正Optical Instrument Installation & Adjustment广播编辑学Broadcast Editing广播新闻Broadcast Journalism广播新闻采写Broadcast Journalism Collection & Composition广告学Advertisement锅炉燃烧理论Theory of Boiler Combustion锅炉热交换传热强化Boiler Heat Exchange,Condction & Intensification锅炉原理Principles of Boiler国际金融International Finance国际经济法International Economic Law国际贸易International Trade国际贸易地理International Trade Geography国际贸易实务International Trade Affairs国际市场学International Marketing国际市场营销International Marketing国民经济计划National Economical Planning国外社会学理论Overseas Theories of Sociology过程(控制)调节装置Process(Control) Adjustment Device过程调节系统Process Adjustment System过程控制Process Control过程控制系统Process Control System海洋测量Ocean Surveying海洋工程概论Introduction to Ocean Engineering函数分析Functional Analysis焊接方法Welding Method焊接方法及设备Welding Method & Equipment焊接检验Welding Testing焊接结构Welding Structure焊接金相Welding Fractography焊接金相分析Welding Fractography Analysis焊接冶金Welding Metallurgy焊接原理Fundamentals of Welding焊接原理及工艺Fundamentals of Welding & Technology焊接自动化Automation of Welding汉语Chinese汉语与写作Chinese & Composition汉语语法研究Research on Chinese Grammar汉字信息处理技术Technology of Chinese Information Processing毫微秒脉冲技术Millimicrosecond Pusle Technique核动力技术Nuclear Power Technology合唱与指挥Chorus & Conduction合金钢Alloy Steel宏观经济学Macro-Economics宏微观经济学Macro Micro Economics红外CCD Infrared CCD红外电荷耦合器Infrared Electric Charge Coupler红外探测器Infrared Detectors红外物理Infrared Physics红外物理与技术Infrared Physics & Technology红外系统Infrared System红外系统电信号处理Processing Electric Signals from Infrared Systems厚薄膜集成电路Thick & Thin Film Integrated Circuit弧焊电源Arc Welding Power弧焊原理Arc Welding Principles互换性技术测量基础Basic Technology of Exchangeability Measurement互换性技术测量Technology of Exchangeability Measurement互换性与技术测量Elementary Technology of Exchangeability Measurement互换性与技术测量实验Experiment of Exchangeability Measurement Technology 画法几何及机械制图Descriptive Geometry & Mechanical Graphing画法几何与阴影透视Descriptive Geometry,Shadow and Perspective化工基础Elementary Chemical Industry化工仪表与自动化Chemical Meters & Automation化工原理Principles of Chemical Industry化学Chemistry化学反应工程Chemical Reaction Engineering化学分离Chemical Decomposition化学工程基础Elementary Chemical Engineering化学计量学Chemical Measurement化学文献Chemical Literature化学文献及查阅方法Chemical Literature & Consulting Method化学粘结剂Chemical Felter环境保护理论基础Basic Theory of Environmental Protection环境化学Environomental Chemistry环境行为概论Introduction to Environmental Behavior换热器Thermal Transducer回旧分析与试验设计Tempering Analysis and Experiment Design回转式压缩机Rotary Compressor回转压缩机数学模型Mathematical Modeling of Rotary Compressors会计学Accountancy会计与财务分析Accountancy & Financial Analysis会计与设备分析Accountancy & Equipment Analysis会计原理及外贸会计Principles of Accountancy & Foreign Trade Accountancy 会计原理与工业会计Principles of Accountancy & Industrial Accountancy活力学Energy Theory活塞膨胀机Piston Expander活塞式制冷压缩机Piston Refrigerant Compreessor活塞式压缩机Piston Compressor活塞式压缩机基础设计Basic Design of Piston Compressor活塞压缩机结构强度Structural Intensity of Piston Compressor活赛压机气流脉动Gas Pulsation of Piston Pressor货币银行学Currency Banking基本电路理论Basis Theory of Circuit基础写作Fundamental Course of Composition机床电路Machine Tool Circuit机床电器Machine Tool Electric Appliance机床电气控制Electrical Control of Machinery Tools机床动力学Machine Tool Dynamics机床设计Machine Tool design机床数字控制Digital Control of Machine Tool机床液压传动Machinery Tool Hydraulic Transmission机电传动Mechanical & Electrical Transmission机电传动控制Mechanical & electrical Transmission Control机电耦合系统Mechanical & Electrical Combination System机电系统计算机仿真Computer Simulation of Mechanic/Electrical Systems机电一体化Mechanical & Electrical Integration机构学Structuring机器人Robot机器人控制技术Robot Control Technology机械产品学Mechanic Products机械产品造型设计Shape Design of Mechanical Products机械工程控制基础Basic Mechanic Engineering Control机械加工自动化Automation in Mechanical Working机械可靠性Mechanical Reliability机械零件Mechanical Elements机械零件设计Course Exercise in Machinery Elements Design机械零件设计基础Basis of Machinery Elements Design机械设计Mechanical Designing机械设计基础Basis of Mechanical Designing机械设计课程设计Course Exercise in Mechanical Design机械设计原理Principle of Mechanical Designing机械式信息传输机构Mechanical Information Transmission Device机械原理Principle of Mechanics机械原理和机械零件Mechanism & Machinery机械原理及机械设计Mechanical Designing机械原理及应用Mechanical Principle & Mechanical Applications机械原理课程设计Course Exercise of Mechanical Principle机械原理与机械零件Mechanical Principle and Mechanical Elements机械原理与机械设计Mechanical Principle and Mechanical Design机械噪声控制Control of Mechanical Noise机械制造概论Introduction to Mechanical Manufacture机械制造工艺学Technology of Mechanical Manufacture机械制造基础Fundamental of Mechanical Manufacture机械制造基础(金属工艺学) Fundamental Course of Mechanic Manufacturing (Meta机械制造系统自动化Automation of Mechanical Manufacture System机械制造中计算机控制Computer Control in Mechanical Manufacture机制工艺及夹具Mechanical Technology and Clamps积分变换Integral Transformation积分变换及数理方程Integral Transformation & Mathematical Equations积分变换控制工程Integral Transformation Control Engineering积分变换与动力工程Integral Transforms & Dynamic Engineering激光电源Laser Power Devices激光焊Laser Welding激光基础Basis of Laser激光技术Laser Technology激光加工Laser Processing激光器件Laser Devices激光器件与电源Laser Devices & Power Source激光原理Principles of Laser激光原理与技术Laser Principles & Technology极限分析Limit Analysis集合论与代数结构Set Theory & Algebraical Structure技术管理Technological Management技术经济Technological Economy技术经济学Technological Economics技术市场学Technological Marketing计量经济学Measure Economics计算方法Computational Method计算机导论Introduction to Computers计算机导论与实践Introduction to Computers & Practice计算机辅助设计CAD计算机辅助设计与仿真Computer Aided Design & Imitation 计算机辅助语言教学Computer-Aided Language Teaching计算机辅助制造Computer-Aided Manufacturing计算机概论Introduction to Computers计算机绘图Computer Graphics计算机基础Basis of Computer Engineering计算机接口技术Computer Interface Technology计算机接口与通讯Computer Interface & Communication计算机局域网Regional Network of Computers计算机控制Computer Controling计算机设计自动化Automation of Computer Design计算机实践Computer Practice计算机数据库Computer Database计算机算法基础Basis of Computer Algorithm计算机图形显示Computer Graphic Demonstration计算机图形学Computer Graphics计算机网络Computer Networks计算机系统结构Computer Architecture计算机语言处理Computer Language Processing计算机原理Principle of Computer Engineering计算机在化学中的应用Application of Computer in Chemistry 计算机组成原理Principles of Computer Composition计算力学Computational Mechanics计算力学基础Basis of Computational Mechanics计算流体Fluid Computation继电保护新技术New Technology of Relay Protection继电保护原理Principles of Relay Protection继电保护运行Relay-Protected Operation检测技术Measurement Technique检测系统动力学Detection System Dynamics检测与控制Detection & Controling简明社会学Concise Sociology简明世界史Brief World History减振设计Vibration Absorption Designing渐近方法Asymptotical Method建筑材料Building Materials建筑初步Elementary Architecture建筑防火Building Fire Protection建筑概论Introduction to Architecture建筑构造Architectural Construction建筑结构Architectural Structure建筑结构抗震设计Anti-quake Architectural Structure Design建筑经济与企业管理Architectural Economy & Enterprise Management建筑力学Architectural Mechanics建筑名作欣赏Appreciation of Architectural Works建筑入门Elementary Architecture建筑摄影Architectural Photographing建筑设备Architectural Equipment建筑设计Architectural Design建筑施工Construction Technology建筑绘画Architectural Drawing建筑物理Architecural Physics建筑制图Architectural Graphing胶体化学Colloid Chemistry交流调速系统Alternating Current Governor System教育心理学Pedagogic Psychology接口与控制器Interface and Controler接口与通讯Interface and Communication结构程序设计Structural Program Designing结构动力学Structural Dynamics结构化学Structural Chemistry结构检验Structural Testing结构力学Structural Mechanics结构素描Structure Sketching结构塑性分析Structural Plasticity Analysis结构稳定Stability Analysis of Structures结构先进技术Advanced Structuring Technology结构优化理论Optimal Structure Theory结构优化设计Optimal Structure DesigningPurPoison2006-03-15 14:56课程的英文词汇（三）解析几何Analytic Geometry介质波导Medium Wave Guide介质测量Medium Measurement介质光学Medium Optics金属X射线学Metal X-Ray Analysis金属材料焊接Metal Material Welding金属材料学Metal Material Science金属材料与热处理Metal Material & Heat Treatment金属腐蚀与保护Metal Erosion & Protection金属腐蚀原理Principles of Metal Erosion金属工艺学Metal Technics金属焊接性基础Elementary Metal Weldability金属焊接原理Principles of Metal Welding金属机械性能Mechanical Property of Metal金属力学性能Metal Mechanic Property金属切削机床Metal Cutting Machine Tool金属切削原理及刀具Principles of Metal Cutting & Cutters金属熔焊原理Principles of Metal Molten Welding金属熔焊原理及工艺Principles of Metal Molten Welding & Technique 金属熔炼Metal Melting金属塑性成形原理Principles of Metal forming金属物理性能Physical Property of Metal金属学Metallography金属学与热处理Metallography & Heat Treatment金属学原理Principles of Metallography金相分析Metallographic Analysis金相技术Metallographic Techniques近代光学测试技术Modern Optical Testing Technology近代光学计量技术Modern Optical Measuring Technology近代经济史Modern History of Economics近代物理实验Lab of Modern Physics近世代数Modern Algebra晶体管原理Principles of Transistors晶体光学Crystallographic Optics精密测量技术Technology of Precision Measurement精密电气测量Precise Electric Measurement精密合金Precise Alloy精密机械CAD CAD for Precision Machinery精密机械课程设计Course Design for Precision Machinery精密机械零件Precision Machinery Elements精密机械设计基础Elementary Precision Machinery Design精密机械学Precision Machinery精细有机合成Minute Organic Synthesis经济地理Economical Geography经济法Law of Economy经济法学Law of Economy经济分析基础Basis of Economic Analysis经济控制论Economical Cybernetics经济社会学Economic Sociology经济新闻Economic News经济学说史History of Economics经济学原理Principles of Economics经济预测Economic Predicting经济预测与管理奖惩Economic Predicting & Management经济原理Principles of Economy经济运筹学Economic Operation Research经济增长理论Theory of Economic Growth经营管理Operation Management经营管理学Operation Management静力学Statics纠错编码Error Correction of Coding决策分析Analysis of Policy Making绝缘在线检测Insulation Live Testing军事理论Military Theory抗干扰技术Anti-Jamming Technique科技翻译Scientific English Translation科技管理Technological Management科技史History of Science & Technology科技史及新技术知识Historry of Science & Knowledge of New Techndogy 科技写作Scientific Writing科技新闻Scientific News科技英语Scientific English科技英语基础Elementary Scientific English科技英语阅读Readings of Scientific English科技与社会Science & Society科学方法论Scientific Methodology科学技术史History of Science & Technology科学计量Scientific Measurement科学社会学概论Introduction to Scientific Socialism科学社会主义Scientific Socialism科学思维方法Methods of Scinetific Thinking科学学Scientology可计算性Calculability可靠性Reliability可靠性及故障诊断Reliability & Error Diagnosis可靠性技术导论Introduction to Reliability Technology可靠性数学Reliable Mathematics可靠性物理Reliability Physics可逆式机组Reversible Machinery Group可逆式水力机械Reversible Hydraulic Machinery空气调节与通风Air Regulation & Ventilation空气动力学Aerodynamics。