医学英语翻译专题
4. 反译与倒译
• 1. Half an hour passed before the patient came to. • • • [原译] 在患者苏醒之前，半小时过去了。 [改译] 半小时后，患者才苏醒 [说明] 全句意思是强调事情而不是强调时间。
• 2. Until this is done, the danger of the infection becoming more widely spread always exists. • • • [原译] 直到做到这一点，感染更加广泛扩散的危险总是 存在的。 [改译] 如果做不到这一点，感染更加广泛扩散的危险总 是存在的。 [ 说明] until引导时间状语从句译成表示否定的条件从句。
4. 反译与倒译
• 所谓反译一般是把句中某一词语的正义译为否定的反义，如：把good （好）译成“不坏”，把failure（失败）译成“未成功”等等。所谓 倒译则是把句中某一词语倒其先后而译之，如：A precedes B ( A先 于B ) 译成“B 在A之后”，把before（在……之后）译成“在……之 后才”等等。反译与倒译的译文虽然和正译与顺译的译文含义基本相 同，但有时根据汉语表达习惯和行文需要，采取反译与倒译要比正译 与顺译更为通顺妥帖。
3. 具体化与抽象化
• 在翻译中，有时需将 原文的一个单词、词 组或某一句子成分所 表示的抽象意义具体 化；反之，有时也需 将一个单词、词组或 某一句子成分所表示 的具体意义抽象化， 有时还需将已经具体 的内容进一步具体化， 否则就不能按汉语规 范确切地表达原文的 意思。如：
3. 具体化与抽象化
1.
• •
正确理解“等效翻译”
2. The pai night. [原译] 疼痛常使病人在夜间醒来。 [改译] 病人常在夜间痛醒。
•
[说明] 原译不能算错误，但把原文中的作宾语的人称名 词转译成汉语句子的主语似更好些，也更具有等效性。
1.
1. Appendicitis is most common in the second and third decades of life. • [原译] 阑尾炎最常见于生命的第二和第三个十年。
• [改译] 阑尾炎最常见于11岁至30岁。（具体化）
3. 具体化与抽象化
• 2. When the syringes crashed to the floor, they were shattered into a thousand pieces. • [原译] 注射器坠落到地上时，碎成千块。 • [改译] 注射器坠落到地上，摔得粉碎。（抽象化） • 3. The disease may occur at both extremes of age. • [原译] 此病可发生于年龄的两极端。 • [改译] 此病可发生于老年和幼年。（具体化） • 4. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. • [原译] 一盎司预防等于一磅治疗。 • [改译] 预防胜于治疗。（或：一分预防等于十分 治疗。）（抽象化）
2. 直译与意译
• 1. Influenza has been with us a long, long time. • [原译] 流感和我们在一起已很久很久了。 • [改译] 人类患流感已有很长历史了。 • 2. Medical science, for the time being, has nothing to add by way of improvement on any of these remedies. • [原译] 医学科学目前还没有东西通过改进可 加到这些治疗方法上去。 • [改译] 目前，医学科学还未能对这些治疗方
医学英语翻译专题
翻译的等效性和灵活性
上海中医药大学外语教学中心
丁年青 教授
翻译的等效性和灵活性
1. 正确理解“等效翻译” • 怎样忠实确切地表达原文 实际上就是如何追求译文 与原文等效（或等值）的 问题。把“忠实于原文” 或“等效翻译”看作在语 法结构或词义上的对等显 然是错误的，对原文的忠 实不能理解为逐词逐句的 “字译”。换言之，译文 和原文的等效不能理解为 词义学和语法结构上的等 值。
4. 反译与倒译
• 3. There is risk for the sick child not to live.
• • • [原译] 病孩有不能活的危险。 [改译] 病孩有死亡的危险。 [说明] 否定的不定式not to live译成肯定， 而live则译成反义。
4. 反译与倒译
• 4. When the child is crying, one palpates the abdomen after a sedative has been given. • [原译] 当小儿啼哭时，可在给予镇静剂后触诊腹部。 • [改译] 当小儿啼哭时，可在触诊腹部之前先用镇静剂。 • [说明] 原译是错误的，使人误会“给予镇静剂后触诊腹 部”似乎是解决“小儿啼哭”的办法，显然与原文意思不 符。作者的意思是，在触诊腹部时如遇患儿啼哭，可先给 镇静剂。因此改译句中把after译成反义，意思正确清楚。 • 5. Only a few studies on this point have been made, and those leave the question still confused. • [原译] 对这方面所做的研究很少，而且这些研究仍使这一 问题混淆。 • [改译] 对这方面所做的研究很少，而且这些研究仍未使这 一问题得到澄清。
3.
正确理解“等效翻译”
The illness quickly responded to
treatment.
• [原译] 这病对治疗反应很快。
• [改译] 经过治疗此病很快好转。 • [说明] responded to一般义为“对……有反 应”，但在医学专业上用于治疗或药物的
2. 直译与意译
• 所谓的直译不是指逐字逐 句的硬译，而是指译文对 原文的结构、语序和词义 基本保持原状的翻译。但 前提是这种翻译能够达意， 且又符合汉语的表达习惯。 否则就应考虑意译。所谓 的意译也不是随心所欲的 自由化翻译，而是指在直 译不能清楚贴切地表达原 文的情况下采取适当的变 通，不拘泥于原文语法结 构和字句表面意思的较为 灵活的翻译。
1.
正确理解“等效翻译”
• 1. In such circumstances the patient may be agreeably but mistakenly encouraged as to his progress. • [原译] 在这种情况下，病人可能对他的好转感到 愉快而误会的鼓舞。 • [改译] 在这种情况下，病人可能会误认为病情有 所好转而感到欢欣鼓舞。 • [说明] 原译文令人费解，误译的“愉快而误会的 鼓舞”主要是因为译者拘泥于原文agreeably 和 mistakenly两个副词与动词encouraged的搭配关 系。所以虽译出了原文的每个单词，但由于未能 对某些词的词性作必要的转换，致使译文含义不
2. 直译与意译
• 3. Essential hypertension is the name given to the type of hypertension for which no cause can be found. • [原译] 原发性高血压是给找不到原因的高血压类型的名称。 • [改译] 原因不明的高血压称为原发性高血压 • 4. The skill of the surgeon leaves nothing to be desired. • [原译] 这位外科医生的技术没有留下什么可以被期望的。 • [改译] 这位外科医生的技术高明极了。 • [说明] leave nothing to be desired义为 be perfect（完美 无缺）leave much to be desired义为be very imperfect （极不完善）例如：The water supply of the city leaves much to be desired.（这一城市的供水情况极不完善。
医学专业英语翻译及答案（供参考）
医学专业英语翻译及答案（供参考）Chapter 1Passage 1 Human BodyIn this passage you will learn:1. Classification of organ systems2. Structure and function of each organ system3. Associated medical termsTo understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; the study of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc.了解人体各部分的组成及其功能，对于认识人体是必需的。
研究人体结构的科学叫解剖学；研究人体功能的科学叫生理学。
其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、内分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等。
Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in this article.解剖学家发现把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、内分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有帮助的。
医学英语翻译专题讲解
Accurate understanding and expression of word meanings
While conveying the original meaning in English, it is also necessary to consider Chinese expression habits to make the translation more natural and fluent.
Improving the quality of medical services: Accurate medical English translation helps doctors accurately understand the latest medical technologies and research achievements abroad, thereby improving the quality of medical services.
The Transformation and Processing of Passive Sentences
Simplification of complex presence structures
Summary: There are some complex sentence structures in medical English that need to be simplified in order to improve the readability of the translation.
The combination of literal and free translation: Based on specific situations, combining literal and free translation methods can preserve the original form and accurately convey meaning.
03医学英语课后翻译(部分)
第一单元1、干预intervention2、预测因素predictors3、极度疲惫burnout4、队列cohort5、主要结果评估指标main outcome measures6、线性回归linear regression7、随访follow-up8、基线base-line9、代表性样本representative sample10、工作时间的减少reduced working hours11、在。
范围内in dimensions of12、极度疲惫量表Maslach burnout inventory13、情绪性疲惫emotional exhaustion14、线性回归linear regression15、与。
独立相关be independently associated with 16、全日病假full time sick leave17、显著降低a considerable reduction18、工作时间的减少reduced working hours19、人格personality20、贡献（有助于）Contribute to 第二单元1、怀孕期pregnancy/gastation2、微营养素micronutrient3、出生体重birth weight4、分娩孕周duration of gastation5、血红蛋白haemoglobin6、随机双盲对照试验randomised double-blind controlled7、维生素vitamins8、矿物质mineral9、头围head circumference10、早产early preterm delivery11、剂量充足sufficient doses12、新生儿死亡率neonatal mortality13、孕妇pregnant women14、体重增加weight gain15、怀孕期duration of gestation16、推荐量recommended allowance17、自信区间confidence interval18、早产preterm delivery19、血红蛋白（浓度）水平haemoglobin concentration20、显著差异significant differences第三单元1、并发症complications2、安慰剂placebo3、荟萃分析meta-analysis4、发表状态publication status5、需治数number needed to treat6、提取数据date extraction7、喉部水肿laryngeal oedema8、副作用side effects9、不良事件adverse events10、亚组subgroup11、给药administration12、发生率incidence13、拔管extubation14、明显效果positive effect15、纳入跟排除inclusion and exclusion16、成年危重症患者critically ill adults17、疗程给药occurrence18、养生法、服法regimen19、发生率odds ratios20、再次给药subsequent21、胃肠外的、不经肠的、静脉使用parenteral22、复制品duplicate第四单元1、并发症outcomes2、肾结石renal stone3、血尿haematuria4、急性肾衰竭acute renal failure5、尿路阻梗urinary tract obstruction6、超声检查ultra sonography7、异常abnormality8、试剂reagent9、小儿科paediatrics10、断面的sectional11、服用exposure to12、放射诊断学diagnostic Radiology13、器官造影organ Imaging14、横断面调查方法cross sectional study15、肾结石renal stone16、确实存在confirmed17、可疑存在suspected of 18、试纸reagent strip19、患病率prevalence20、过高估计overestimate21、值得投入更多的经费cost effective22、进一步治疗specific treatment第五单元1、基于人群的病例对照研究population based case-control study2、高发地区area with high incident /high risk area3、平均摄入量mean volume consumed4、中等一致moderate agreement5、邻居对照者neighbourhood controls6、经组织学诊断的histologically proved cases7、比值比odds ratio8、中等一致moderate agreement9、高度一致strong agreement10、具有强相关性be strongly associated with 11、食管鳞状细胞癌oesophageal squamous cell carcinama12、比值比odds ratio13、具有强相关性be strongly associated with 14、温度低于at temperatures less than15、高度一致strong agreement16、队列研究cohort17、高发率high incidence18、经组织学诊断的histologically proved cases第六单元1、人口老龄化纵向研究Longitudinal Study of Ageing2、生物标记物biomarker3、基于全国人口横断面分析的研究cross sectional analisis of a national population based study4、认知减退cognitive cline5、痴呆危险性risk of demetia6、分层随机样本stratified random sample7、前瞻性设计prospective8、浓度concerntration9、一组神经心理测试a battery of neuropsychological tests10、认知损害cognitive impairment11、生物标记物biomarker12、唾液中的可替宁浓度salivary cotinine concentration 13、认知损害cognitive impairment14、横断面研究cross sectional analysis15、基于全国人口的研究national population based study 16、分层随机样本stratified random sample17、人口老龄化纵向研究Longitudinal Study of Ageing 18、一组神经心理测试a battery of neuropsychological tests19、国家层面、有代表性的前瞻性研究prospective nationally representative studies20、危险因素established risk factors第七单元1、诊断准确性diagnostic accuracy2、双变量回归bivariate regression3、评分最佳scored most favourably4、敏感性和特异性sensitivity and specificity5、低风险患者low risk patients6、连续门诊病例consecutive out patients7、荟萃分析meta-analysis8、预先定义的predfine9、静脉血栓栓塞venous thromboembolism10、诊断准确性diagnostic accuracy11、系统评价systematic review12、预先定义的predfine13、双变量回归bivariate regression14、敏感性和特异性sensitivity and specificity15、平均年龄为range in mean age16、评分最佳scored most favourably17、尤其、尤为值得注意notably第八单元1、冠脉综合征coronary syndrome2、射频血管内超声影像检查radiofrequency intravascular ultrasonography3、心脏停搏cardiac arrest4、心肌梗死myocardial infarction5、肇事病变culprit lesions6、进行性心绞痛progressive angina7、经皮冠状动脉介入术percutaneous coronary intervention8、血管造影cardiovascular angiography9、心因性死亡death from cardiac causes10、灰度超声影像gray-scale11、动脉粥样硬化斑块atherosclerosis plaque12、主要不良心血管事件major adverse cardiovascular events13、冠状动脉狭窄coronary-artery stenosis14、冠状综合征coronary syndrome15、经皮冠状动脉介入术percutaneous coronary intervention16、肇事病变culprit lesions17、灰度超声影像和射频血管内超声影像检查gray-scale and radiofrequency intravascular ultrasonography18、多变量的分析multivariate analysis19、斑块负担plaque burden20、进行性心绞痛progressive angina21、心因性死亡death fromcardiac causes22、心肌梗死myocardial infarction23、心脏停搏cardiac arrest 第九单元1、筛查screening2、抗乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原antibodies against hepatitis B3、窗口期window period4、人类免疫缺陷病毒human immunodeficiency virus5、随访样本follow-up sample6、接种vaccination7、亚临床感染subclinical infection8、未接种疫苗的献血者unvaccinated donor9、转归outcomes10、血清反应阴性的seronegative11、供血者blood donors12、优势病毒株dominant strain13、筛查screening14、临床上没有意义的转归clinically inconsequential outcomes15、三重检测single triplex assay16、血清学、生化学和分子特征serologic,biochemical,and molecular features17、窗口期window period18、随访样本follow-up sample19、乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原hepatitis B surface antigen20、血清转化seroconversion21、人类免疫缺陷病毒human immunodeficiency virus22、亚临床感染subclinical infection第十单元1、高密度脂蛋白high-densitylipoprotein2、重要决定因素significant determinants3、逆向转运reverse transport4、冠状动脉疾病coronary artery disease5、比值比odds ratio6、提供心血管保护provide cardiovascular protective7、强负相关性strong inverse association with 8、胆固醇流出cholesterol efflux capacity9、高胆固醇血症hypercholesterolemia10、孵化incubation11、高密度脂蛋白high-density lipoprotein12、心血管的cardiovascular13、胆固醇逆向转运reverse cholesterol transport14、假设hypothesize 15、巨噬细胞macrophage16、动脉粥样硬化负荷atherosclerotic burden17、胆固醇流出量cholesterol efflux capacity18、经验证的体外系统validated ex vivo system19、冠状动脉疾病coronary artery disease20、流出量进行量化quantified efflux capacity21、颈动脉内膜中层厚度carotid artery intima-media thickness22、重要决定因素significant determinants23、反比关系inverse relationship24、校正之前和之后before and after adjustment25、代谢综合征the metabolic syndrome26、高胆固醇血症hypercholesterolemia第十一单元1、协同护理管理coordiated care management2、糖尿病diabetes3、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇low-density lipoprotein cholesterl4、内科疾病medical disease5、控制不佳的糖尿病poorly controlled diabetes6、整合性医疗护理系统integrated health care system7、初级保健诊所primary care clinics8、单盲、随机、对照试验single-blind, randomizd, controlled trial9、糖化血红蛋白glycated hemoglobin10、收缩压systolic blood pressure 11、单盲、随机、对照试验single-blind, randomizd, controlled trial12、冠心病coronary heart disease13、协同护理管理coordiated care management14、整合性医疗护理系统integrated health care system 15、被随机分入were randomly assigned to16、常规护理组usual-care group17、干预组intervention group18、结合（同时发生的）simultaneous19、糖化血红蛋白glycated hemoglobin20、低密度脂蛋白low-density lipoprotein21、调整胰岛素adjustments of insulin22、抗抑郁药antidepressant medications23、生活质量较好better quality of life24、基于指南以患者为中心的管理guide-line-based,patient-centered management第十二单元1、。
医学英语词汇与翻译
Homework: translations The aftermath of a particular disease is called the sequela, a sequel. The permanent damage to the heart after rheumatic fever is an example of a sequela, as is the paralysis of polio. The sterility resulting from severe inflammation of the fallopian tubes is also a sequela.
Translations
Since then, much research has been directed towards pinpointing the changes in the human immune system due to infection, seeking ways of reversing these changes, or supplementing the compromised immune system to hold the infection in check.
infectious agent pathogenesis diagnosis prognosis autopsy heredity hemophilia syndrome
Vocabulary
alcoholism anemia pregnancy delivery leukemia malnutrition hyperactive thyroid hyperthyroidism
Mongolism urinalysis physician surgeon remission relapse complication
医学常用医学专业英语翻译
医学常用医学专业英语翻译医学是一门广泛且复杂的学科，其中包含大量的专有名词和专业术语。
对于学习和工作于医学领域的人员来说，掌握医学专业英语的翻译是至关重要的。
本文将介绍一些常用的医学专业英语翻译，帮助读者更好地理解和运用。
一、概述1. 健康 - Health2. 医学 - Medicine3. 医生 - Doctor4. 护士 - Nurse5. 患者 - Patient6. 医院 - Hospital二、疾病和症状1. 流感 - Influenza2. 感冒 - Common cold3. 发烧 - Fever4. 头痛 - Headache5. 肚子痛 - Stomachache6. 咳嗽 - Cough7. 呕吐 - Vomiting8. 腹泻 - Diarrhea9. 癌症 - Cancer10. 高血压 - Hypertension11. 糖尿病 - Diabetes12. 心脏病 - Heart disease13. 中风 - Stroke14. 痴呆 - Dementia15. 骨折 - Fracture三、医疗设备和诊断工具1. 血压计 - Blood pressure monitor2. 脉搏氧饱和度仪 - Pulse oximeter3. 体温计 - Thermometer4. 心电图仪 - Electrocardiograph5. X光机 - X-ray machine6. 影像扫描 - Imaging scan7. 磁共振成像 - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)8. 超声波 - Ultrasound9. 血液检验 - Blood test10. 尿液检验 - Urine test11. 细菌培养 - Bacterial culture12. 细胞学检查 - Cytology examination四、药物和治疗方法1. 药物 - Medication2. 处方药 - Prescription medication3. 非处方药 - Over-the-counter medication4. 抗生素 - Antibiotics5. 止痛药 - Painkillers6. 抗炎药 - Anti-inflammatory drugs7. 抗癌药 - Anticancer drugs8. 输液 - Intravenous infusion9. 手术 - Surgery10. 放射治疗 - Radiation therapy11. 化疗 - Chemotherapy12. 康复治疗 - Rehabilitation therapy13. 康复医学 - Physical medicine14. 接种疫苗 - Vaccination五、常见医学科目和专业1. 内科 - Internal Medicine2. 外科 - Surgery3. 儿科 - Pediatrics4. 妇产科 - Obstetrics and Gynecology5. 眼科 - Ophthalmology6. 耳鼻喉科 - Otorhinolaryngology7. 心脏病学 - Cardiology8. 神经学 - Neurology9. 肿瘤学 - Oncology10. 神经外科 - Neurosurgery11. 康复医学 - Rehabilitation Medicine12. 放射科 - Radiology六、常见医学研究领域和技术1. 遗传学 - Genetics2. 免疫学 - Immunology3. 病理学 - Pathology4. 药理学 - Pharmacology5. 分子生物学 - Molecular Biology6. 细胞生物学 - Cell Biology7. 遗传工程 - Genetic Engineering8. 生物医学技术 - Biomedical Technology9. 生物材料 - Biomaterials10. 器官移植 - Organ Transplantation七、结语通过阅读本文，我们可以了解到医学领域中常用的医学专业英语翻译。
医学英语翻译试题及答案
医学英语翻译试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "cardiology" refers to the study of which organ?A. HeartB. LiverC. KidneyD. Lung2. Which of the following is not a symptom of diabetes?A. Frequent urinationB. Excessive thirstC. Rapid weight lossD. Fever3. The medical abbreviation "IV" stands for:A. IntravenousB. IntramuscularC. IntraperitonealD. Intradermal4. What does the abbreviation "MRI" stand for in medical terms?A. Magnetic Resonance ImagingB. Maximum Respiratory IndexC. Multiple Respiratory InfectionsD. Medical Research Institute5. The term "anemia" is associated with a deficiency of whichsubstance in the blood?A. PlateletsB. Red blood cellsC. White blood cellsD. Plasma6. Which of the following is a common treatment for hypertension?A. AntibioticsB. AntihypertensivesC. AntiviralsD. Antihistamines7. The medical term "hyperglycemia" refers to:A. High blood sugarB. High blood pressureC. High cholesterolD. High blood calcium8. What is the medical term for the removal of the appendix?A. AppendectomyB. ColectomyC. HysterectomyD. Nephrectomy9. The abbreviation "AED" in medical settings stands for:A. Automated External DefibrillatorB. Advanced Emergency DoctorC. Acute Epileptic DisorderD. Acute Endocrine Dysfunction10. Which of the following is a type of cancer that affects the blood?A. MelanomaB. LeukemiaC. Lung cancerD. Breast cancer答案：1. A2. D3. A4. A5. B6. B7. A8. A9. A 10. B二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. The medical term for the surgical removal of the gallbladder is __________.2. The condition where the body cannot properly regulate body temperature is known as __________.3. A person with a medical condition that causes them to have an abnormally high level of lipids in the blood is said to have __________.4. The abbreviation "CT" in medical imaging stands for__________.5. The medical term for a condition characterized bydifficulty in breathing is __________.6. The study of the structure and function of the nervous system is known as __________.7. A common diagnostic tool used to visualize blood vesselsis __________.8. The medical term for the surgical removal of the prostate gland is __________.9. A condition characterized by the abnormal presence of air or gas in the tissues is called __________.10. The medical term for the surgical removal of the uterus is __________.答案：1. Cholecystectomy2. Dysregulation3. Hyperlipidemia4. Computed Tomography5. Dyspnea6. Neurology7. Angiography8. Prostatectomy9. Emphysema10. Hysterectomy三、翻译题（每题5分，共30分）1. 将下列医学术语从英文翻译成中文：- Hypertension: 高血压- Diabetes mellitus: 糖尿病- Asthma: 哮喘- Osteoporosis: 骨质疏松症2. 将下列医学术语从中文翻译成英文：- 冠心病: Coronary heart disease- 脑卒中: Stroke- 慢性阻塞性肺疾病: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)- 甲状腺功能亢进: Hyperthyroidism3. 翻译以下医学句子：- The patient is scheduled for a cardiac catheterizationnext week.病人下周安排进行心脏导管检查。
医学英语翻译题
UNIT 11.Although the DNA in the nucleus of each cell contains all of the geneticinformation for all human traits, only a small number of genes are actually active in a particular cell. These active genes are the codes for the proteins necessary for the specific cell type.尽管每一个细胞核中的DNA都包含有人类特性的所有遗传信息，但实际上只有小数基因在特定细胞中有活性，这些活性基因是特有的细胞类型所必须的蛋白密码。
2.In facilitated diffusion, molecules move through a membrane from an area ofgreater concentration to an area of lesser concentration, but they need some help to do this.在易化扩散中，大分子经一层膜从高浓度区域向低浓度区域移动，但分子要完成这一工作需要某些帮助。
3.The cell membrane is selectively permeable, that is, certain substances arepermitted to pass through and others are not.细胞膜的渗透性是有选择性的，即某些物质允许通过，而其它物质则不行。
4.Filtration means that water and dissolved materials are forced through amembrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure.过滤是指水和已溶解物质经一层膜从高压区压送到低压区。
完整版)医学英语翻译题汇总
完整版)医学英语翻译题汇总1.___ the DNA in the nucleus of each cell。
only a small number of genes are actively expressed in specific cells。
These active genes code for the ___.2.Facilitated n ___ to an area of lower n。
but requires assistance to do so.3.___ to pass through while blocking others.4.___ from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure.1.所有不同类型的细胞正常发挥其功能是体内平衡的基础。
(Homeostasis is based on the normal ning of all different types of cells.)2.这两个国家在人口和地域方面存在巨大差异。
(___.)3.染色体由DNA和蛋白质构成，而DNA是细胞特征和活动的遗传密码。
(Chromosomes consist of DNA and protein。
with DNA serving as the ___.)4.氧气从空气中扩散到血液中，然后在全身循环，而二氧化碳则从血液中扩散到空气中被排出体外。
(Oxygen diffuses from the air into the blood for ___ the body。
while carbon xide diffuses from the blood into the air for ___.)5.科学不断发现新的事实，进一步支持他的假设。
(___。
___.)1.During ventricular n。
blood is pushed against the flaps of the right and left AV valves。
临床医学英语翻译
临床医学英语翻译如下：F ①Fahrenheit scale ②fluorine ①华氏温标②氟 f-12 氟利昂12，二氯二氟甲烷fabric 编织物，织品face 面部，脸face cushion 面圈face guide 面导，面标face mask 面罩faceometer 面直径测量器face piece 面罩，面具facer 刮刀，锉face shield 护面罩facial line 面线felicities 设备，工具facing 假牙面，牙面facsimile ①影印本，摹写②仿真factitial 人造的，人工的factor 因素，要素，因子faculty ①能力，官能②学院，专科fadeometer 裉色计faeces 粪便Fahrenheit scale 华氏温标Fahrenheit thermometer 华氏温度计failure 衰竭fair ①博览会，（商品）交易会②相当的，完好的 false image 虚像，假象false suture 假缝falsification 伪造，曲解family 家族，家属，科（分类）fan 扇，通风机fan-shaped instruments table 扇形器械台fantascope 幻视器fantasy 幻想Farabeuf's saw 法腊布夫氏锯，活动叶锯farad 法拉（电容单位）faradic brush 感应电流刷faradic current therapy apparatus 静电治疗机 faradimeter 感应电流计faradipuncture 感应电针术faradization 感应电疗法faradization apparatus 感应电疗机far infrared 远红外线far infrared laser 远红外激光器farinometer 面粉谷胶测定器far sight 远视far ultraviolet rays 远紫外线fascia ①筋膜②绷带fasciagram 筋膜造影片fascial grafter 筋膜移植器fascial strip 筋膜带fascial stripper 筋膜剥离器fast chopper 快速斩波器，快速断路器fast direct current amplifier 快直流放大器fastener 持着器，固定器fast film 快速胶片fast neutron generator 快中子发生器fast neutron source 快中子放射源fast screen 短余辉荧光屏fat 脂肪，脂fat determination system 脂肪测量仪fatal 致命的，致死的fate 命运，结局fatigue indicator 人体疲劳指标器fatigue machine 疲劳试验机FDAFood and Drug Administration 美国卫生附食品药品管理局faucet ①水龙头，旋塞②插口faucial catheter 咽导管fax 传真，摹写，电视画面faxcasting 电视广播，传真广播faxNO. 传真器F.D.1.fluorescent densitometer 2.focal distance ①荧光密度计②焦距 Feferrum 铁feature ①特点，性能②零件，部件Februaryabbr. Feb. 二月fecal vase 粪便瓶feceometer 排粪测量器feces 粪便，渣滓FECG fetal electrocardiogram 胎儿心电图federal 联邦的，同盟的fee 手续费，费用，税feed ①喂，馈给②进刀feed-back 反馈，回授feed-back amplifier 反馈放大器feeder 喂食器feed pump 供水泵feed roller 进料滚FEEGfetal electroencephalogram 胎儿脑电图feeler ①探针，探测器②触角③厚薄规feeler gauge 千分垫fel 胆汁Felcki's instrument 费累基氏器（前列腺按摩器） felt 毛毡，毡垫圈female ①女性的②内孔的，有螺纹的③凹陷部分 female catheter 女用导尿管female die 阴模female irrigating catheter 妇用冲洗导尿管female metal catheter 女用金属导尿管female screw 螺母，螺帽female thread 阴螺纹，内螺纹female union 管子内接头female urethradilator 女性尿道扩张器female urine bag 女用尿袋femoral catheter 股骨导管femoral myelocavity file 股骨髓腔锉female urine bag 女用尿袋femoral catheter 股骨导管femoral myelocavity file 股骨髓腔锉femur 股骨，股femur driver 股骨头打入器femur extractor 股骨头拔出器fenestrated forceps 孔镊，孔钳fenestrated forceps blade 有孔钳页FEPfluorinated ethylene propylene 聚四氟乙稀，特氟隆 ferment 酶，酵素fermentation saccharimeter 发酵糖定量器fermentation saccharometer 发酵糖定量器fermentation tube 发酵管fermentor 发酵罐fermiumabbr. Fm 镄ferro- 低铁化合物，亚铁化合物ferrohemoglobin 血红蛋白ferromagnetic 磁性铁的ferrometer ①血铁测定器②铁磁计ferrule 金属加固环fertility 生育力FESforced dxpiratory spirogram 用力呼气呼吸图 fetal 胎儿的fetal electrocardiogramabbr. FE-CG 胎儿心电图 fetal electrocardiographabbr.FE-CG 胎儿心电图机 fetal head extractor 胎头取出器fetal heart beat detector 胎儿心搏探测器fetal heart beat transducer 胎儿心搏换能器fetal heart detector 胎儿心脏探测器fetal heart monitor 胎儿心脏监护仪fetal monitor 胎儿监护仪fetal monitoring system 胎儿监护系统fetal monitoring transducer 胎儿监护换能器fetalometry 胎儿测定法fetation 妊娠，受孕fetography 胎儿X 射线照像术fetoscope 胎儿镜fetus 胎儿fetus detector 胎儿探测器fetus extractor 胎儿取出器fever 发热，热fever thermometer 体温计FGSfiber gastroscope 纤维胃镜FHRfetal heart rate 胎儿心率fiber 纤维fiberbronchoscope 支气管纤维内窥镜fibercholedochoscope 胆道纤维内窥镜fibercolonoscope 结肠纤维镜fibercystoscope 膀胱纤维镜fiberduodenoscope 十二指肠纤维镜fiberesophagoscope 食管纤维镜fibergastrointestinalscope 胃肠纤维内窥镜fibergastroscope 胃纤维内窥镜fiberintestinalscope 肠纤维内窥镜fiber lamp 纤维导光灯fiber light cystoscope 纤维导光膀胱镜fiber light guide 纤维光导fiber light ophthalmoscope 纤维导光检眼镜fiber-optic bronchoscope 纤维光束支气管镜fiber-optic cystoscope 纤维光束膀胱镜fiber-optic dual-purpose gastrascope 纤维光束两用胃镜fiber-optic duodenoscope 纤维光束十二指肠镜fiber-optic endoscope 纤维光束内窥镜fiber-optic esophagoscope 纤维光束食管镜fiber-optic examining cystoscope 纤维光束检查用膀胱镜fiber-optic gastroscope 纤维光束胃镜fiber-optic photographing cystoscope 纤维光束摄影膀胱镜 fiber-optic photographing laparoscope 纤维光束摄影腹腔镜 fiber-optic resectoscope 纤维光束前列腺切除器fiber-optics 纤维光学fiber pipe 纤维管fiberscope 纤维（内窥）镜fiberscope disinfector 纤维内窥镜消毒器fiberscope with light guide 光导纤维镜fibre 纤维fibre board 纤维板fibre glass 玻璃纤维fibre laser 纤维激光器fibre optic endoscope 纤维光束内窥镜fibre optics 纤维光学fibrescope 纤维镜fibrin 纤维蛋白fibrinoscopy 纤维素检诊法fibrin sponge 纤维蛋白海绵fibrintimer 凝血时间测定仪（商器名）fidelity 保真度，精确度field 场，野外field ambulance 战地救护车field emission 场致发射field emission scanning electron microscope 场发射扫描电子显微镜 field glasses 野外用双筒望远镜field intensity indicator 场强仪field ion microscopeabbr.FIM 场致离子显微镜field lens 场透镜field-master 视野描绘器field potential 场位field scanning 场扫描field tourniquet 野战止血带figure abbr. fig. 图形，图像，数字filament 灯丝，丝极filamentous patch fabric 丝状心脏修补织品 fialar micrometer 螺旋测微计file ①锉②文件夹filiform bougie 丝状探条filigree 银丝网filing block 锉台filler ①充填器②填料filling 灌注，充填filling apparatus 灌注器，充填器filling tooth material 补牙材料film 胶片，软片film badge 胶片剂量仪film bin X 射线胶片储藏箱film carrier 暗盒film cartridge 放软片暗盒film clip 片夹film corner cutter 胶片切角器film cutter 裁片刀film dryer 胶片干燥箱film drying cabinet 胶片干燥柜film hangers 片夹，挂片架film illuminator 胶片映光器，胶片观察灯 film marker X 射线片标记字母film of low speed 慢速软片film of moderate speed 中速软片film processing machine 胶片洗片机film processor X 射线胶片洗片机film roll 胶卷film speed 胶卷感光速度film speed indicator 胶片感光度指示圈 film viewer 观片灯film viewing illuminator 观片灯film winding lever 卷片扳手filter ①滤器，滤片②滤色镜③滤波器 filter aid 助滤器filter apparatus 过滤器filter bag 滤袋filter bottle 滤瓶filter box 滤箱filter cake 滤饼filter candle 滤柱，滤棒filter capacitor 滤波电容器filter changer 滤色镜转换器filter disc 滤片filter flask 滤瓶filter funnel 过滤漏斗filtering flask 过滤瓶filter lens 滤光镜filter membrane 过滤膜，膜滤器 filter pad 滤垫filter paper 滤纸filter plate 滤板filter press 压滤机，压滤器filter pump 过滤泵filter selector 滤波选择器filter sterilizer 过滤消毒器 filter tank 过滤槽filter tube 过滤管filtrable 可滤过的filtrate 滤液感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
医学英语文章带翻译
医学英语文章带翻译医学英语文章带翻译1椎间盘突出Unit 2 Text A Herniated Disc (Disc Herniation of the Spine)第二单元主题A 椎间盘突出症Many patients with back pain, leg pain, or weakness of the lower extremity muscles arediagnosed with a herniated disc.许多患腰腿疼痛，下肢肌端乏力的病患均为椎间盘突出症。
When a disc herniation occurs, the cushion that sits between the spinal vertebra is pushedoutside its normal position.椎间盘突出发生时，脊柱间的缓冲带将发生侧突。
A hrniated disc would not be a problem if it werent for the spinal nerves that are very close tothe edge of these spinal discs.如果脊神经不是离椎间盘特别近的话，椎间盘突出就不是什么大问题了。
HOW ARE THE SPINE AND ITS DISCS *****D脊柱与椎间盘The vertebras are the bony building blocks of the spine.脊椎是建造脊柱的构件。
Between each of the largest parts (bodies) of the vertebrae are the discs.各椎骨之间为椎间盘。
Ligaments are situated around the spine and discs.脊椎和椎间盘周围散布着韧带。
The spine has seven vertebrae in the neck (cervical vertebrae), 12 vertebrae in the mid-back(thoracic vertebrae) , and five vertebrae in the low back (lumbar vertebrae).颈部有7条椎骨，胸部为12条，腰部有5条。