高考英语动词知识点专项训练及答案(1)
高考英语动词及动词短语知识点及高频考点练习(含答案)
高考英语动词及动词短语知识点及高频考点练习（含答案）动词及其词组的灵活运用是英语的特色之一，也是学生学习中的难点，因此每年均为测试的重点。
在历年高考试题中动词所占的比例最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词(短语)意义的理解和运用。
其考点主要包括：1.考查动词词义辨析。
包括常见动词用法辨析、近义词辨析、词形相近词辨析和用法相近词辨析。
2.考查动词短语辨析。
主要包括同根动词短语的辨析、同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析、不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以及“动词＋副词＋介词”短语的辨析。
在动词词组的测试中，绝大多数为基础动词，出现频率较高的词有：get，turn，make，put，go，give，break，cut，come，look，keep，bring，show，pick，hold，fall，carry，pull，catch，call，take 等。
高考对动词、动词短语的考查，除了考查其基本含义辨析外，更注重动词(短语)的新义和引申义，如：polish 抛光，磨光(本意)→修正，文饰(引申); sniff 嗅，闻(本意)→鄙视地说，嗤之以鼻(引申); stir 移动，搅拌(本意)→煽动(引申); break down 发生故障，失灵，失效(本意)→坍塌，崩溃，瓦解，中断，中止(引申)，同时还有“恸哭”之意； look into 向里面看(本意)→调查，研究(引申)，同时还有“浏览”之意； work out 的基本意思为“解决，算出，制订出”，较生意思为“锻炼”。
3.考查系动词、半系动词用法。
动词作系动词用时，后面常接形容词、名词、分词和不定式等，此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。
这类动词有：appear, become, feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain, stay, smell, grow, turn, go, come, fall, stand, lie, exist 等。
高考英语动词专项训练100(附答案)
高考英语动词专项训练100（附答案）一、单项选择动词1.The main issue at the APEC meeting was a climate-change plan by Australia 's Howard and backed by Bush.A. put outB. put offC. put awayD. put forward【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。
句意“APEC议的重要议题是一项气候改变计划，是由澳大利亚的霍华德提出的，并得到了布什的支持。
“A扑灭"；B推迟”；C收拾起来，放好”；D提出"。
故选Do2.Pupils who pass the test will be to the next grade.A. promotedB. progressedC. proceededD. proposed【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。
句意：通过考试的学生将升入下一年级。
A. promoted提升B.progressed进步C. proceeded开始，进行D. proposed建议，打算。
根据句意可知，选A。
3.- You' ve made great progress in your English study, haven ' t you?—Yes, but much.A. remains to doB. is remained to doC. remains to be doneD. is remained to be done【答案】C【解析】考查remain的用法。
remain是不及物动词，故排除B、D,根据意思，很多事情有待于被解决，故选Co4.Learning another language is like stepping out of a door, through which I can andsee more clearly my own language.A. take backB. look backC. turn backD. get back【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查动词短语。
(英语)高考英语非谓语动词专项练习及解析
（英语）高考英语非谓语动词专项练习及解析一、单项选择非谓语动词1．(福建) ___________the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.A．Spending B．SpentC．Having spent D．To spend【答案】C【解析】试题分析：“花费”和其逻辑主语“Linda”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作原因状语。
且“花费”的动作明显早于“看起来成熟”这个动作。
表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作，用现在分词的完成时。
句意：由于Linda过去几年在香港作交换留学生，所以她看起来比她的实际年龄更成熟。
考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。
2．In 1938, Pearl S. Buck became the first American woman the Nobel Prize for Literature. A．winning B．winC．won D．to win【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：1938年，赛珍珠成为第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国女性。
中心词由序数词修饰，用不定式作后置定语，故选D。
3．The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have _______ right from wrong. A．distinguished B．distinguishingC．to distinguish D．to be distinguished【答案】B【解析】试题分析：首先have difficult /trouble doing sth是固定词组。
The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing right from wrong在这个句子中，deal with的宾语是trouble，所以后面的句子是修饰trouble这个词的定语从句。
高考英语最新动词知识点真题汇编附解析(1)
高考英语最新动词知识点真题汇编附解析(1)一、选择题1．As for his advantages, he has 20 years’ teaching experience to _______.A．draw on B．draw back C．draw up D．draw in2．Stars ___________ their own light, while planets only ___________ the light.A．give off; reflect B．give away; reflect C．reflect; give off D．reflect; give away 3．People ________ much more by their gestures than by their words.A．give up B．give off C．give away D．give out4．So every culture has ________ a formal way to greet strangers, to show them we are not aggressive.A．made B．got C．developed D．taken5．It suddenly _______ to me that we could use a computer to do the job.A．took place B．happened C．occurred D．was occurred6．If you can ________ to something, you can change in order to make the situation better. A．adapt B．addict C．adopt D．appeal7．As soon as she arrived home,she_____tidying up the room.A．set about B．set out C．set down D．set off8．______himself to alcohol,the man seldom cared about his family.A．Adjusting B．Approaching C．Abandoning D．Acknowledging 9．A lot of dust has on the farm machines.A．brought up B．taken up C．built up D．picked up 10．Throughout the last decade, more parks _____ with the goal of creating natural settings in urban environments.A．linked up B．swelled up C．split up D．sprang up 11．Audiences are ______ turn off the phones or put them on silence before the lecture. A．reminded to B．opposed to C．adapted to D．sentenced to 12．According to a review of 56 studies the more a person is________to classical music as a child,the better he can control his mood as a grown-up.A．revealed B．exposed C．proposed D．reminded 13．Small kindness,if______，can make a big difference to shape a better world. A．exchanged B．simplified C．multiplied D．advertised 14．With winter _____, the weather gets colder and colder.A．appearing B．approaching C．leaving D．passing15．It's said that our mental abilities begin to _______ from the age 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.A．differ B．depress C．distribute D．decline16．I ________ you an apology for what I said this morning. Anyway, I meant no offence. A．owe B．make C．demand D．accept17．After the clock _____ twelve, the students walked out of the lecture room.A．beat B．hit C．struck D．rang 18．——What are you reading, Tom?——I’m not really reading, just ___ the pages.A．turning off B．turning around C．turning over D．turning up 19．—I’m still working on my project.—Oh, you’ll miss the deadline. Time is _________.A．running out B．going outC．giving out D．losing out20．Bears ________ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through winter sleep.A．build up B．pack up C．bring up D．take up21．As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to_________ the problem.A．handle B．raiseC．face D．present22．It’s alrea dy 10:00, I wonder how it _______ that she was two hours late on such a short trip. A．came over B．came out C．came about D．came up 23．—Would you please____________ that book on the floor?—OK!A．pick up B．make up C．take up D．turn up24．We can’t be _________ by investment projects promising to make you a millionaire overnight.A．taken over B．taken on C．taken up D．taken in25．—It is said that Mr. White will have to stay in hospital for a good while.—Don't worry. His son, Henry, will________ his duties.A．take over B．take up C．take off D．take in【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．A解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。
专题04 非谓语动词-2021年高考英语语法单句填空精选专题训练(1)
单句填空之非谓语动词专项练习（1）高考语法填空对非谓语动词的考查主要集中在：非谓语动词作状语、定语、主语、宾语、表语、补语等，非谓语动词的时态和语态变化等。
第一组1.The company served sweeter coffee options than Australians preferred, meanwhile____________（charge)more than the local cafes.答案：charging解析：句意为：这家公司提供的咖啡比澳大利亚人所喜爱的味道更甜一些，同时，售价也比当地的咖啡馆更高一些。
本句中谓语动词为served, charge 与其之间无连词连接，因此应用非谓语动词形式；charge 与主语company 之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。
故填charging.2. ____________（take)a pencil and a blank piece of paper from his desk, he started to write.答案：Taking解析：句意为：他从桌子上拿起一支铅笔和一张白纸，就开始写起来。
此句的谓语动词为started,故设空处填非谓语动词；take和he之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故填Taking.3.The girl____________（sit)by my side gave me a sheet called "course requirements".答案：sitting解析：句意为：坐在我旁边的那个女孩给了我一张叫作“课程要求”的纸。
此句谓语动词为gave,故设空处填非谓语动词作定语，修饰girl; girl 和sit之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故填sitting.4. ____________（act)is to tell a story—someone else's story. But Malek was not just telling someone else's story when he played this role-he was telling his own.答案：To act解析：句意为：表演就是讲故事—讲别人的故事。
高考英语真题分项解读：专题01 谓语动词真题汇编 (解析版)
专题01 谓语动词真题汇编（19-23）养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
1．（2022·天津·高考真题）Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.A．distribute B．distributedC．are distributed D．were distributed【答案】D【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。
句意：上周日飓风过后，食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。
分析句子成分可知，Food and medical supplies作主语，为复数，与动词distribute“分发”为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be distributed；根据后文last Sunday“上周日”可知，句子需要用一般过去时态，故be动词要用were。
故选D项。
2．（2022·天津·高考真题）Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions.A．prepare B．preparesC．is preparing D．are preparing【答案】B【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。
高考英语非谓语动词专项练习题及答案 (1)
非谓语动词专练1.______ more attention,the trees could have grown better.A.To giveB.Having givenC.GivenD.Giving2.The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came outin the 16th century.A.to be writtenB.writtenC.being writtenD.having written3.The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river.A.to playB.playC.to be playingD.playing4.______ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.To loseB.LostC.Having lostD.Losing5.When passing me he pretended ______ me.A.to seeB.not having seenC.to have not seenD.not to have seen6.The children insisted ______ there on foot.A.they goingB.they would goC.on their goingD.going7.He still remembers ______ to Shanghai when he was very young.A.takingB.being takenC.takenD.having taken8.______ the railway station,we had a break,only ______ the train had left.A.Arriving at;to finding to;discovering thatC.On arriving at;finding outD.Hurrying to;to have found out9.With the boy ______ the way,we had no trouble ______ the way ______ to Zhongshan Park.A.leading;finding;leadingB.to lead;found;to leadC.led;finding;ledD.leading;found;led10.______ these pictures,I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beingand ______ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks morebeautiful.A.Seeing;seenB.Seen;seeingC.Seeing;seeingD.Seen;seen11.I can hardly imagine Peter ______ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.(NMET)A.to have sailedB.to sailC.sailingD.sail12.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air ______ againstyour face.(MET)A.movedB.movingC.movesD.to move13.______ is known to all,China will be an ______ and powerful country in 20 or30 years time.A.That;advancingB.This;advancedC.As;advancedD.It;advancing14.While shopping,people sometimes can t help ______ into buying something theydon t really need.A.persuadeB.persuadingC.being persuadedD.be persuaded15.There was terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.(MET)A.followedB.followingC.to be followedD.being followed16.Please excuse my ______ in without ______ .e;permitteding;permittedimg;being permittedD.to come;being permitted17.______ his head high,the manager walked into the room to attend themeeting ______ then.A.Holding;being heldB.Held;holdingC.Having held;heldD.Held;to be held18.——Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other day?——Yes,and I heard this song ______ in English.A.sing;singingB.sung;sungC.sung;singingD.singing;sung19.The question ______ now at the meeting is not the question ______ yesterday.A.discussed;discussedB.discussing;had discussedC.being discussed;discussedD.discussing;discussing20.With the cooking ______ ,I went on ______ some sewing.A.done;to doB.being done;doingC.to be done;doingD.to have done;doing21.It is no use ______ your past mistakes.A.regrettingB.regretC.to regretD.regretted22.Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing ______ to her,only ______ her fivechildren.A.left;to leaveB.leaving;leavingC.leaving;leftD.left;leaving23.I am very busy.I have a very difficult problem ______ .A.to workB.to work outC.to be worked outD.to work it out24.I would appreciate ______ back this affernoon.(NMET)A.you to callB.you callC.your callingD.you re calling25.Climbing mountains was ______ ,so we all felt ______ .A.tiring;tiredB.tired;tiringC.tiring;tiringD.tired;tired26.I saw some villagers ______ on the bench at the end of the room.A.seatingB.seatC.seatedD.seated themselves27.She was glad to see her child well ______ care of.A.takeB.to be takenC.takenD.taking28.It is one of the important problems ______ tomorrow.A.to solveB.to be solvedC.solvedD.solving29.______ maps properly,you need a special pen.A.DrawnB.DrawingC.To drawD.Be drawing30.There is a river ______ around our school.A.to runB.runC.runningD.to be running31.How about the two of us ______ a walk down the garden?A.to takeB.takeC.takingD.to be taken32.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way back home,but unfortunately for me,I found my colour TV set ______ when I got home.A.lying;stolenying;stealingy;stolenD.lying;stealing33.Whth the kind－hearted boy ______ me with my work,I’m sure I’ll be able to sparetime ______ with your work.A.to help;help you outB.helping;helping youC.helped;to help you outD.to help;to help you34.Greatly movedd by her words, ______ .A.tears came to his eyesB.he could hardly hold back his tearsC.tears could hardly be held backD.his eyes were filled with tears.35.——I hope the children won’t touch the dog.——I ve warned them ______ .A.notB.not toC.not touchD.not do36.I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours tofinish a report.(NMET)A.to goB.to have goneC.goingD.having gone37.When ______ why he walked in without permission,he just stared at us andsaid nothing.A.been askedB.askedC.askingD.to be asked38.The man kept silent in the room unless ______ .A.spoken toB.spoke toC.spokenD.to speak39.Rather than ______ on a crowded bus,he always prefers ______ a bicycle.(NMET)A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;to rideD.to ride;riding40.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him ______ .A.not toB.not to doC.not do itD.do not to41.What s troubling them is ______ enough experienced workers.A.that they have toB.they have notC.their not havingD.not their having42.______ his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch withBill.A.Not knowingB.Knowing notC.Not having knownD.Having not know43.Bamboo is used ______ houses in some places .A.to buildB.to buildingC.to be builtD.being built44.Go on ______ the other exercise after you have finished this one.(MET)A.to doB.doingC.withD.to be doing45.The day we looked forward to ______ .eingC.has comeD.have come46.Whom would you rather ______ the work?A.to have to doB.to have doC.have to doD.have do47.Do you think it any good ______ with him again?A.to talkB.talkingC.to talkingD.having talked48.Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before ______ .A.accepting fullyB.being fully acceptedC.fully acceptingD.fully being accepted49.The government forbids ______ such bad books.A.publishedB.to publishC.publishD.publishing50. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.A. enterB. to enterC. enteringD. entered51. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.A. doingB. to doC. being doingD. to be done52. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.A. devoted to doB. devoted to doingC. devoting to doingD. is devoted to doing53. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.A. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. do not make54. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ______ behind his back.A. to be tiedB. being tiedC. tiedD. having tied55. _______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being foundedB. It was foundedC. FoundedD. Founding56. ---“Do you have anything more ______, sir?”---“No. You can have a rest or do something else.”A. typingB. to be typedC. typedD. to type57. She took her son，ran out of the house, _____ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctor’s office.A. putB. to putC. puttingD. having put58. The boss insisted that every minute ______ made full use of ______ the work well.A. be, to doB. was, doingC. be, doingD. was, to do59. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.A. carried outB. carrying outC. carry outD. to carry out60. How happy we are! The holiday we have been looking forward _______ at last.A. to has comeB. to have comeC. to having comeD. has come61. _______ the road round to the right and you’ll find his house.A. FollowB. FollowingC. To followD. Followed62. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. putB. to be puttingC. to putD. putting63. When you’re learning to drive, _______ a good teacher makes a big difference.A. haveB. havingC. and haveD. and having64. I felt it a great honour ______ to speak to you.A. to askB. askingC. to be askedD. having asked65. I would love _______ to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone66. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,______that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added67.______in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. LosingB. Having lostC. To loseD. Lost68. Can you have the washing-machine______to my house?A. sendB. to sendC. sentD. sending69. Now we could not do anything but______for him here.A. waitB. waitingC. to waitD. waited70. The teacher came into the classroom,_______by his students.A. followingB. to be followingC. followedD. having followed71.On afternoon, Mrs Green went to the market, ___ some bananas and visited her cousin.A. boughtB. buyingC. to buyD. writing72. ---I must apologize for ___ ahead of time.---That’s all right.A. letting you not knowB. not letting you knowC. letting you know notD. letting not you know73.She can’t help __ the house because she’s busy making a cake.A. to cleanB. cleaningC. cleanedD. being cleaned74. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ___ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading75. ___ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receivingB. Receiving notC. Not having receivedD. Having not received非谓语动词专练答案1―5 C B D B D 6―10 C B A A A 11―15 C B C C B 16―20 C A D C A21―25 A D B C A 26―30 C C B C C 31―35 C A D B B 36―40 B B A CA41---45 C A A A C 46----50 D A B D B 51---55 BBBC C 56---60 B AAAA61---65 A DBCB 66-----70:DCCAC 71-75ABADC。
(英语)高考英语非谓语动词专项训练及答案
（英语）高考英语非谓语动词专项训练及答案一、单项选择非谓语动词1．(北京) Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________ with his students. A．to spend B．spendC．spending D．spent【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：Jim已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。
句子已经有了谓语，空格只能填非谓语动词，逻辑主语是time，和spend之间是被动关系，故用过去分词spent。
故选D项。
2．Emphasis on quantity of growth overlooked gaps in the quality, _____ many aspects of the social services neglected.A．having left B．to be leaving C．to have left D．leaving【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：强调数量的增长却忽视了质量间的差距，使得很多社会服务的方面被忽视了。
此处的逻辑主语是前面主句描述的情况，存在逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词，表主动。
故D选项正确。
3．New York is the fashion capital of the world, says a new study on Feb 4. 2014 by the Global Language Monitor (GLM), Pairs ____ second, with Shanghai ______10th while Hongkong 20th. A．coming, ranks B．come, ranked C．comes, ranking D．coming, ranking【答案】D【解析】D考查非谓语动词。
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高考英语动词知识点专项训练及答案(1)一、选择题1．Climate change has arrived and is _____ faster than many scientists expected.A．uniting B．accelerating C．declining D．twisting 2．Kathy _________ a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.A．picked up B．took upC．made up D．turned up3．Stars ___________ their own light, while planets only ___________ the light.A．give off; reflect B．give away; reflect C．reflect; give off D．reflect; give away 4．The desks and seats can be ____________ the height of any child.A．adapted with B．adapted to C．adjusted with D．adjusted to 5．Our food and drink are ________.I will go to the supermarket to get more.A．using up B．running outC．running out of D．running away6．So every culture has ________ a formal way to greet strangers, to show them we are not aggressive.A．made B．got C．developed D．taken7．At the meeting,Professor Wang_____some good advice and all the people present agreed with him.A．came along B．came about C．came up with D．came out8．It suddenly _______ to me that we could use a computer to do the job.A．took place B．happened C．occurred D．was occurred 9．Don’t bother to look for my umbrella; it will _______ some day.A．turn down B．turn out C．turn up D．turn over 10．After she found she had lost the car, she and her husband ______ to find it.A．made up their minds B．made their mindsC．made up our minds D．made minds11．I think a cold drink can_______you after the long journey in such hot weather. A．recover B．reward C．relieve D．refresh12．What a woman! I just wonder how she manages to keep smiling after all that she has ______. A．figured out B．made upC．taken away D．gone through13．Lydia really regrets____ out of high school. She has really had to struggle to make a living because of that decision.A．drop B．to drop C．dropping D．dropped14．The apartments in the city center are always expensive. I can’t _____ one with all my money. A．take B．afford C．supply D．support 15．Several villages were________from the outside world,for all roads to those villages were destroyed.A．cut up B．cut out C．cut off D．cut through16．It's said that our mental abilities begin to _______ from the age 27 after reaching the highestA．differ B．depress C．distribute D．decline17．The generous donation from China to the sufferers in the killing Indian Ocean Quake—tsunami has ________ the Chinese people's unselfishness and internationalism.A．let out B．brought out C．given out D．taken out 18．This problem may lead to more serious ones if _______ unsolved.A．making B．remained C．keeping D．left19．In only 10 years, our province has been _________ into an advanced industrial province. A．transformed B．entered C．regarded D．issued20．The government has not yet ________ the seriousness of the crisis.A．mastered B．seized C．grasped D．acquired21．6.I don’t like the newspaper __________ people’s love of scandal(丑行）A．catering to B．catered to C．fitting in D．fitted in 22．After the clock _____ twelve, the students walked out of the lecture room.A．beat B．hit C．struck D．rang23．—I’m still working on my project.—Oh, you’ll miss the deadline. Time is _________.A．running out B．going outC．giving out D．losing out24．—Would you please____________ that book on the floor?—OK!A．pick up B．make up C．take up D．turn up25．______himself to alcohol,the man seldom cared about his family.A．Adjusting B．Approaching C．Abandoning D．Acknowledging 【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．B解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。
句意：气候变化已经到来，而且速度比许多科学家预期的还要快。
A. uniting 使团结；B. accelerating 加速；C. declining 下降；D. twisting 使弯曲。
分析句子，根据划线后“______比科学家预测的还要快”可知此处应是气候变化的速度。
故选B项。
2．A解析：A【分析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。
句意：通过和当地男孩和女孩玩耍，Mary学会了许多西班牙语。
A. picked up捡起，获得,，学会，使恢复精神,，加快,，看到，随便地认识；B. took up开始从事;接受（提议）;占用；C. made up构成，编造；化妆；弥补，和解；D. turned up翻起;出现;（尤指失去后偶然）被发现；根据句意可知，Mary是通过和当地孩子一起玩的时候学会了许多西班牙语。
故选A。
3．A解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词短语和动词辨析。
句意：星星发出他们自己光，然而星星仅仅反射这些光。
give off发出（光，热，气等）；give away泄露；reflect反射；根据常识，星星发光是因为星星反射光线。
故选A。
4．D解析：D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。
句意：课桌和座位可以根据任何孩子的身高调整。
A. adapted with没有这种搭配，介词搭配错误；B. adapted to适用于；C. adjusted with用……调整；D. adjusted to调整以适应。
根据后文the height of any child可知此处指课桌和座位可以根据任何孩子的身高调整应用adjust to。
故选D。
5．B解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。
句意：我们的吃的和喝的东西快耗尽了。
我将去超市买更多。
根据后一句“I will go to the supermarket to get more.”可知，此处表示“用完，耗尽”，use up、run out 和run out of都有“用完、耗尽”的意思，use up常用结构是sb. use up sth.，本句主语是Our food，应使用被动语态，所以A项排除；run out是不及物动词短语，通常以物作主语，表示该物“用光”，符合题意，所以B项正确；run out of的主语一般是人，后接宾语，不符合题意，所以C项排除；run away意为“逃跑”，不符合题意。
综上，故选B项。
6．C解析：C【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。