2016年12月英语四级翻译真题及参考答案
16年12月四级真题答案
【作文】第一套：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation. One is to find a job somewhere and the other to start a business of your own. You are to make a decision. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your decision. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.精彩范文In the past two years of my college life, I have never ceased to think what kind of work I shall take up upon graduation. Although my ideas are not consistent, I have now decided to start a business of my own as my lifelong career.A variety of factors have led me to make this decision over other more lucrative ones. To begin with, running my own business means freedom and independence. As a person having my own business, I am free to use my own ideas and make my own decisions, a privilege not everyone can have, even those with highly-paid positions. More importantly, I like starting my own business in that it offers a certain peace of mind. No more rushing to catch a morning bus, no more anxiety to please a boss, no more worries about your paycheck which is steady, if not handsome. Nothing, not even a big salary, can equal for the satisfaction of beingyour own boss and a gentle peace of life.参考译文在过去两年的大学生活中，我一刻也没有停止过思考：我大学毕业以后要干什么工作。
2016年12月四级考试真题(第一套)参考答案
2016年12月四级考试真题参考答案作文话题一-简版You have two choices upon graduation：you can find a job somewhere or go to graduate school. State your choices and explain your reasons.【简析】毕业之际是找工作还是继续读研？答案：找工作当英语老师或读研当兼职英语老师，因为英语很重要，而且很多人学英语有困难，我相信自己会成为一个好的英语老师；如果写继续读研，那就是【考前五篇必备作文】中第三篇“教育回报”的翻版！范文1【找工作当英语老师】Suppose I have two options upon graduation: find a job somewhere or go to graduate school, I will hunt for a job as an English teacher.In the contemporary world, English learning has gained great popularity and it is of great significance for youngsters to learn English well.Based on a survey, a majority of international organizations or firms acknowledge that they prefer recruiting employees who can speak English fluently. However, a host of English learners may have a variety of difficulties or troubles in learning. For instance, a large number of students find it difficult to memorize new words. Frequently, it is also difficult for them to understand rules of English grammar. In addition, though some are good at reading or writing, they fail to express themselves freely in oral English.Then, how can I be an excellent English teacher? I am convinced that practice makes perfect. I deem that if I try my utmost to help them to practice English every day, the future of my students’ English learning will be promising and hopeful.【范文2：读研】Suppose I have two options upon graduation: find a job somewhere or go to graduate school, I will choose to further my study as a postgraduate.Obviously, my choice is naturally based on the importance of education: if I intend to acquire or get better earnings, it is advisable for me to gain higher degrees. In the contemporary China, it is a common phenomenon for a host of companies, corporations or organizations to recruit doctors and masters and pay them better salaries. Thus, I find it rather difficult to get better jobs with higher salaries, if I do not get better education. It is further education that enables me to build up adequate knowledge, skills and ability to deal with important tasks. As a matter of fact, employees and employers in large numbers have come to realize the significance of higher degrees.As a college student, I am convinced that it is of great necessity for all youngsters, including me, to enhance themselves by studying hard and getting better degrees. I will bear in mind: education is/means a worthy investment.作文话题二-简版You have two choices upon graduation: you can find a job a in state-owned company or you can go to ajoint-venture company. State your choices and explain your reasons.【简析】毕业之际进国企还是进外企？答：进外企，因为在外企工作英语很重要，我英语学的好有优势，而且外企带给我更多机会，唤起我对未来的热情，帮助我得到更好的收入；【范文】Provided that I have two choices upon graduation: find a job in a state-owned company or go to a joint-venture company, I will choose to work in a joint-venture corporation.In the contemporary China, it is a common phenomenon for a host of graduates to prefer working instate-owned companies, because they may find it quite comfortable and enjoyable to gain a stable salary. However, as a youngster, I am convinced that it is of great necessity for me to join in a joint-venture corporation. Firstly, it is my fluent English that enables me to communicate with colleagues from all over the world. Secondly, working in an international firm or organization will bring me more opportunities to see the world, arouse my enthusiasm for success and help me to gain higher salaries.As a matter of fact, I deem that suppose young people intend to achieve success in future, it is advisable for them to cultivate their awareness and habit of diligence, cooperation, communication, a strong will and leadership, no matter they work in a state-owned company or a joint-venture corporation. Do bear in mind: all successful people are alike.作文话题三-简版You have two choices upon graduation: you can find a job somewhere or start your own business. State your choices and explain your reasons.【简析】毕业之际找工作还是创业？答：创业，开办英语培训学校，英语很重要，但很多人学不好英语，我相信熟能生巧，能帮助大家学好英语！当然，找工作当英语老师也没问题呀【范文】Suppose I have two options upon graduation: find a job somewhere or start your own business, I will choose to create my own company—an English training school.In the contemporary world, English learning has gained great popularity and it is of great significance for youngsters to learn English well.Based on a survey, a majority of international organizations or firms acknowledge that they prefer recruiting employees who can speak English fluently. However, a host of English learners may have a variety of difficulties or troubles in learning. For instance, a large number of students find it difficult to memorize new words. Frequently, it is also difficult for them to understand rules of English grammar. In addition, though some are good at reading or writing, they fail to express themselves freely in oral English.Then, how can my training school help them to master English? I am convinced that practice makes perfect. In my training school, there will be various activities and foreign teachers, which bring them opportunities to practice English, arouse their enthusiasm for study and help them to make progress every day.翻译--考虫顶级写译名师石雷鹏权威撰写--翻译一-红色在中国红色代表着祝福、好运和长寿。
2016年12 月英语四级真题阅读及翻译全三套集
2016 年12 月英语四级真题（第一套）Section BDirections:In this section, you are gonging to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraphmore than once.Each paragraph is markedwith a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswer sheet 2.Can Burglars Jam Your wireless Security System?[A] Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination. So it isn’t surprising that you’ll find plenty of strong opinion about the potential vulnerabilities ofpopular home-security systems.[B] The most likely type of burglary(入室盗窃) by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken or some forced entry. According to the FBI, crimes like these accounted for roughly two-thirds of all household burglaries in the US in 2003. The wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforced entries that resulted from something like a window being left open. The FBI doesn’t even track those statistics.[C] One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar(入室盗窃）might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the right cable. With a wireless setup, you stick battery-powered sensor up around your home that keeps aneye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If they detect something wrong while the system is armed,they’ll transmit a wireless alert signal to aa base station that will then raise the alarm. Thatapproach will eliminate most cord-cutting concerns-but what about their wireless equivalent, jamming? With the right device tuned to the right frequency, what’s to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station? [D] Jamming concerns are nothing new, and they’re not unique to security systems. Any deviceThat’s built to re ceive a wireless signal at a specific can be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency. For comparison, let’s say you wanted to ―jam‖ a conversation between two people-all you’d need to do is yell in the listener’s ear.[E] Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast on-that means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling. They will, however, need to know what system they’ are looking for. If you have a sign in your yard decl aring what setup you use, that’d point them in the right direction, thought at that point, we’ are talkingabout a highly targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort of forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. It’s easier to find and acquire jamming equipment forsome frequencies than it is for others.[F] Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming attacks. SimpliSafe, winner of our Editors’ Choice distinction, utilizes a special system that’s capableof separating incidental RF interference form targeted jamming attacks. When the systemthinks it’s being jammed, it’ll notify you via push alert（推送警报）. From there, it’s up to you to sound the alarm manually.[G] SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete with a video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment .After taking appropriate measure to contain the RF interference to our test lab, we tested the attack out foro urselves, and were able to verify that it’ is possible with the right equipment. However, wealso verified that SimpliSafe’s anti-jamming system words. It caught us in the act, sent an alertto my smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the syst em’s event log. The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not it detected them.[H] We like the unique nature of that software. It means that a thief likely wouldn’t be able to Google how the system words, then figure out a way around it. Even if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly form system to system, which means there wouldn’t be a universal magic formula for cracking it. Other systems also seem confident on the subject of jamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citing their own jam protection software and claiming that there aren’t any documented cases of a successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the 1980s.[I] Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the right equipment and the right know-how, it’s possible to jam any wireless transmission. But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam theirway into your home and steal your stuff?[J] Let’s imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is going to need to target your home, specifically.Then, he’s goi ng to need to know the technical details of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and while you’re away, so the thief will still need to break in. That mean s defeating the lock somehow, or breaking a window .He’ll need to be jamming you at this point, as a broken window or opened door would normally release the alarm .So, too, would the motion detectors in your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he’s inside and searching for things to steal. However, he’ll need to do so without tripping the anti-jamming system, the details of which he almost certainly does not have access to.[K] At the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. They’re also only a single layer in what should ideally be a many-sided approach to securing your home,one that includes common sense things like sound locks and proper exploit lighting at night.No system is impenetrable, and none can promise to eliminate the worst case completely.Every one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A good system is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible while also offering strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack.36. It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessary equipment and skill.37. Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interfering with a conversation.38. A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device to avoid triggering the alarm, both inside and outside the house.39. SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radio interference from targeted jamming attacks.40. Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.41. It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing.42. Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm once something wrong is detected.43. Different measures should be taken to protect one’s home from burglary in addition to the wireless security system.44. SimpliSafe’s device can send a warning to the house owner’s cellphone.45.Burglars can easily get a security device’s frequency by Internetsearch.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section .Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices maked A),B),C)andD).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As a person who writers abou t food and drink for a living, I couldn’t tell you the first thingabout Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. That’s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual livin g wage.I hate tipping.I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for the post-dinner mathit requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggest otherwise. Youactually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money you server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a letter value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough:the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you .Well , if this were true we would all be slipping a few 100 dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are , are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn’t believe the job they did any impact on the tips they received.So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more up–front for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant thatdoesn’t ask you to do drunken math.46. What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?A) He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.B) He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.C) He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.D) He lives comfortably without getting any tips.47. What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?A) It sets a bad example for other industries.B) It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.C) It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.D) It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.48. Why do many people love tipping according to the author?A) They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.B) They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.C) They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.D) They can have some say in how much their servers earn.49. What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?A) Service quality has little effect on tip size.B) It is in human nature to try to save on tips.C) Tips make it more difficult to please customers.D) Tips benefit the boss rather than the employees.50. What does the author argue for in the passage?A) Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.B) Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.C) Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.D) Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened?Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when they’re paying less at the pump. They spend that money on other things, which stimulates the economy.The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China,Japan，and India.But doesn’t the extra money in the pockets of those countries’ consumers mean an equal loss inoil-producing countries, cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily,says economic researcher Sara Johnson. ―Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support spend and subsidies(补贴）for their consumers.‖But not all oil producers have big reserves. In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oil-producing nations cant’s afford to import as much as they used to. Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the prices drop account for a larger share of the global economy. Consumers, in the U.S. at least, acting cautiously with the savings they’re getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number ofoil-producing countries are trimming their gasoline subsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.51. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A)The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.B)Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.C)The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.D)The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.52. Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy?A) Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.B) Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.C) Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.D) Consumers will spend their saving from cheap oil on other commodities.53. What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?A)They suspend import of necessities from overseas.B)They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.C)They use their money reserves to back up consumption.D)They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.54. How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?A) It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.B) Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.C) It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.D) Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.55. Why haven’t falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?A) People are not spending all the money they save on gas.B) The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.C)Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.D)People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.Part IVTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish .You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福。
2016年英语四级翻译真题及答案
2016年英语四级翻译真题及答案 2016年下半年英语四级考试时间为12⽉17⽇，以下是yjbys⽹店铺整理的关于英语四级真题及参考答案，供同学们参考练习。
篇⼀：⾼考 请将下⾯这段话翻译成英⽂： 全国⼤学⼈学考试(the National College EntranceExamination)，俗称⾼考，是每年夏天都会举⾏的⼀种学术考试，有数百万的考⽣参加，其中⼤多数都是⾼中学⽣。
⾼考对于那些完成⾼中教育，想进⼊⼤学、学院和其他⾼等教育机构进⾏深造的学⽣来说是⼀个重要的考试。
当学⽣们的总成绩超过他们所申请的学校的分数线(admission scores line)时，他们就被允许进⼊⾃⼰选择的⼤学。
如果不能取得所需的最低分数，他们可能就⽆法进⼈⾃⼰选择的⼤学，甚⾄失去上⼤学的机会。
参考译⽂： The National College Entrance Examination,commonly known as Gaokao, is an academic testingevent held every summer and joined by millions ofparticipants, a majority of whom are high-schoolstudents. It is an important exam for those who haveaccomplished high-school education and want to go to universities, colleges and other highereducational institutions. Students are allowed to enter the college(s) of their choice when theiroverall scores pass the admission scores line for schools they apply for.If they fail to obtainthe minimum admission scores line, they might not be able to enter the college(s) of their choiceor even lose the chance to attend university. 1.考⽣：可译为participants. 2.当学⽣们的总成绩超过他们所申请的学校的分数线时，他们就被允许进⼊⾃⼰选择的⼤学：“总成绩”可译为overall scores：“申请”可译为apply for：“分数线”可译为admission scores line. 3.如果不能取得所需的最低分数，他们可能就⽆法进⼊⾃⼰选择的'⼤学，甚⾄失去上⼤学的机会：“不能”可⽤fail to do来表达：“取得”可译为obtain：“上⼤学”可译为attend university. 篇⼆：蜡染 请将下⾯这段话翻译成英⽂： 据说在中国，蜡染(wax printing)早在秦末或者汉初就已经出现，但它最初作为成品出现是在唐朝。
2016年12月四级真题详细答案解析(第三套)
2016年12月英语四级真题（卷三）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to find a job somewhere and the other to start a business of your own. You are to make a decision. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180words.说明：由于2016年12月四级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.When someone commits a criminal act, we always hope the punishment will match the offense. But when it comes to one of the crudest crimes—animal fighting—things __26__ work out that way. Dog-fighting victims are __27__ and killed for profit and “sport,” yet their criminal abusers o ften receive a __28__ sentence for causing a lifetime of pain. Roughly half of all federally-convicted animal fighters only get probation （缓刑）.Some progress has been made in the prosecution（起诉）of animal fighters. But federal judges often rely heavily on the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines when they __29__ penalties, and in the case of animal fighting, those guidelines are outdated and extremely __30__ .The U.S. Sentencing Commission, which __31__ these sentencing guidelines, is revisiting them, proposing to raise the minimum sentence from 6-12 to 21-27 months. This is a step in the right __32__ , but we’d like to see the U.S. Sentencing Commission make further changes to the guidelines.Along with this effort, we’re working with animal advocates and state and f ederal lawmakers to __33__ anti-cruelty laws across the country, as well as supporting laws and policies that assist overburdened animal __34__ that care for animal fighting victims. This help is__35__ important because the high cost of caring for animal victims is a major factor that prevents people from getting involved in cruelty cases in the first place.A) convenient B) creates C) critically D) determine E) direction F) hesitate G) inadequateH) inspired I) method J) minimal K) rarely L) shelters M) strengthen N) sufferings O) torturedSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.When Work Becomes a GameA)What motivates employees to do their jobs well? Competition with coworkers, for some. The promise of rewards, for others. Pure enjoyment of problem-solving, for a lucky few.B)Increasingly, companies are tapping into these desires directly through what has come to be known as “gamification”: essentially, turning work into a game. “Gamification is about understanding what it is that makes games engaging and what game designers do to create a great experience in games, and taking those learnings and applying them to other contexts such as the workplace and education,” explains Kevin Werbach, a gamification expert who teaches at the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States.C)It might mean monitoring employee productivity on a digital leaderboard and offering prizes to the winners, or giving employees digital badges or stars for completing certain activities. It could also mean training employees how to do their jobs through video game platforms. Companies from Google to L’Oreal to IBM to Wells Fargo are known to use some degree of gamification in their workplaces. And more and more companies are joining them. A recent report suggests that the global gamification market will grow from $1.65 billion in 2015 to $11.1 billion by 2020.D)The concept of gamification is not entirely new, Werbach says. Companies, marketers and teachers have long looked for fun ways to engage people’s reward-seeking or competitive spirits. Cracker Jacks has been “gamifying” its snack food by putti ng a small prize inside for more than 100 years, he adds, and the turn-of- the-century steel magnate（巨头）Charles Schwab is said to have often come into his factory and written the number of tons of steel produced on the past shift on the factory floor, thus motivating the next shift of workers to beat the previous one.E)But the word “gamification” and the widespread, conscious application of the concept only began in earnest about five years ago, Werbach says. Thanks in part to video games, the generation now entering the workforce is especially open to the idea of having their work gamified. “ We are at a point where in much of the developed world the vast majority of young people grew up playing video games, and an increasingly high percentage of adults play these video games too，” Werbach says.F)A number of companies have sprung up—GamEffective, Bunchball and Badgeville, to name a few—in recent years offering gamification platforms for businesses. The platforms that are most effective turn employees’ ordinary job tasks into part of a rich adventure narrative. “What makes a game game-like is that the player actually cares about the outcome,” Werbach says. “The principle is about understanding what is motivating to this group of players, which requires some understanding of psychology.”G)Some people, Werbach says, are motivated by competition. Sales people often fall into this category. For them, the right kind of gamification might be turning their sales pitches into a competition with other team members, complete with a digital leaderboard showing who is winning at all times. Others are more motivated by collaboration and social experiences. One company Werbach has studied uses gamification to create a sense of community and boost employees’ morale （士气）.When employees log in to their computers, they’re shown a picture of one of their coworkers and asked to guess that person’s name.H)Gamification does not have to be digital. Monica Cometti runs a company that gamifies employee trainings. Sometimes this involves technology, but often it does not. She recently designed a gamification strategy for a sales training company with a storm-chasing theme. Employees formed “storm chaser teams” and competed in storm-themed educational exercises to earn various rewards. “Rewards do not have to be stuff,” Cometti says. “Rewards can be flexible working hours.” Another training, this one for pay roll law, used a Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs theme. “Snow White” is available for everyone to use, but the “dwarfs” are still u nder copyright, so Cometti invented sound-alike characters (Grumpy Gus, Dopey Dan) to illustrate specific pay roll law principles.I)Some people do not take naturally to gamified work environments, Cometti says. In her experience, people in positions of power or people in finance or engineering do not tend to like the sound of the word. “If we are designing for engineers, I’m not talking about a ‘game’at all,” Cometti says. “I’m talking about a ‘simulation’（模拟），I’m talking about ‘ being able to solve this problem. ’ ”J) Gamification is “not a magic bullet,” Werbach warns. A gamification strategy that is not sufficiently thought through or well tailored to its players may engage people for a little while, but it will not motivate people in the long term. It can also be exploitative, especially when used with vulnerable populations. For workers, especially low-paid workers, who desperately need their jobs yet know they can be easily replaced, gamification may feel more like the Hunger Games. Werbach gives the example of several Disneyland hotels in Anaheim, California, which used large digital leaderboards to display how efficiently laundry workers were working compared to one another. Some employees found the board motivating. To others, it was the opposite of fun. Some began to stop taking bathroom breaks, worried that if their productivity fell they would be fired. Pregnant employees struggled to keep up. In a Los Angeles Times article, one employee referred to the board as a “digital whip.” “It actually had a very negative effect on morale and performance, ” Werbach says.K) Still, gamification only stands to become more popular, he says, “as more and more people come into the workforce who are familiar with the structures and expressions of digital gam es.” “We are far from reaching the peak,” Cometti agrees. “There is no reason this will go away.”36.Some famous companies are already using gamification and more are trying to do the same.37.Gamification is not a miracle cure for all workplaces as it may have negative results.38.To enhance morale, one company asks its employees to identify their fellow workers when startingtheir computers.39.The idea of gamification was practiced by some businesses more than a century ago.40.There is reason to believe that gamification will be here to stay.41.Video games contributed in some ways to the wide application of gamification.42.When turning work into a game, it is necessary to understand what makes games interesting.43.Gamification in employee training does not always need technology.44.The most successful gamification platforms transform daily work assignments into fun experiences.45.It is necessary to use terms other than “gamification” for some professions.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to retain students and keep younger faculty members from going elsewhere.It seems higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task it is to “solve” problems— real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colleges, the actual problems in educating our young people and older students have deepened, while the number of people hired—not to teach but to hold meetings—has increased significantly. Every new problem creates a new job for an administrative fixer. Take our Center for Teaching Excellence. Contrary to its title, the center is a clearing house（信息交流中心）for usi ng technology in classrooms and in online courses. It’s an administrative sham（欺诈）of the kind that has multiplied over the last 30 years.I offer a simple proposition in response: Many of our problems—class attendance, educational success, student happiness and well-being—might be improved by cutting down the bureaucratic（官僚的）mechanisms and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers. If we replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20 or fewer students per teacher. This would be an environment in which teachers and students actually knew each other.The teachers must be free to teach in their own way—the curriculum should be flexible enough so that they can use their individual talents to achieve the goals of the course. Additionally, they should be allowed to teach, and be rewarded for doing it well. Teachers are not people who are great at and consumed by research and happen to appear in a classroom. Good teaching and research are not exclusive, but they are also not automatic companions. Teaching is an art and a craft, talent and practice; it is not something that just anyone can be good at. It is utterly confusing to me that people do not recognize this, despite the fact that pretty much anyone who has been a student can tell the difference between their best and worst teachers.46.What does the author say about present-day universities?A)They are effectively tackling real or imagined problems.B)They often fail to combine teaching with research.C)They are over-burdened with administrative staff.D)They lack talent to fix their deepening problems.47.According to the author, what kind of people do universities lack most?A)Good classroom teachers.B)Efficient administrators.C) Talented researchers.D) Motivated students.48.What does the author imply about the classes at present?A)They facilitate students’ independent learning.B)They help students form closer relationships.C)They have more older students than before.D)They are much bigger than is desirable.49.What does the author think of teaching ability?A)It requires talent and practice.B)It is closely related to research.C)It is a chief factor affecting students’ learning.D)It can be acquired through persistent practice.50.What is the author’s suggestion for improving university teaching?A)Creating an environment for teachers to share their teaching experiences.B)Hiring more classroom teachers and allowing them to teach in their own way.C)Using high technology in classrooms and promoting exchange of information.D)Cutting down meetings and encouraging administrative staff to go to classrooms.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The secret to eating less and being happy about it may have been cracked years ago—by McDonald’s. According to a new study from Cornell University’s Food and Brand Lab, small non-food rewards—like the toys in McDonald’s Happy Meals—stimulate the same reward centers in the brain as food does.The researchers, led by Martin Reimann, carried out a series of experiments to see if people would choose a smaller meal if it was paired with a non-food item.They found that the majority of both kids and adults opted for a half-sized portion when combined with a prize. Both options were priced the same.Even more interesting is that the promise of a future reward was enough to make adults choose the smaller portion. One of the prizes used was a lottery ticket（彩票）, with a S10, $50 or $100 payout, and this was as effective as a tangible gift in persuading people to eat less.“The fact that participants were willing to substitute part of a food item for the mere prospect of a relatively small monetary award is interesting,” says Reimann.He theorizes that it is the emotional component of these intangible prizes that make them effective. In fact, vaguely-stated possibilities of winning a prize were more effective than options with hard odds“One explanation for this finding is t hat possible awards may be more emotionally provoking than certainty awards,” says Reimann. “The uncertainty of winning provides added attraction and desirability through emotional ‘thrills.’ The possibility of receiving an award also produces a state of h ope—a state that is in itself psychologically rewarding.” In other words, there’s a reason why people like to gamble.How might this knowledge be used to help people eat more healthily?One possibility is a healthy option that offers the chance to win a spa（温泉疗养）weekend. Or maybe the reward of a half-sized portion could be a half-sized dessert to be claimed only on a future date. That would get you back in the restaurant—and make you eat a little less.51.What do we learn about McDonald’s inclusion of toys in its Happy Meals?A)It may shed light on people's desire to crack a secret.B)It has proved to be key to McDonald’s business success.C)It appeals to kid’s curiosity to find out what is hidden inside.D)It may be a pleasant way for kids to reduce their food intake.52.What is the finding of the researchers led by Martin Reimann?A)Reducing food intake is not that difficult if people go to McDonald’s more.B)Most kids and adult s don’t actually feel hungry when they eat half of their meal.C)Eating a smaller portion of food does good to the health of kids and adults alike.D)Most kids and adults would choose a smaller meal that came with a non-food item.53.What is most interesting in Martin Reimann’s finding?A)Kids preferred an award in the form of money to one in the form of a toy.B)Adults chose the smaller portion on the mere promise of a future award.C)Both kids and adults felt satisfied with only half of their meal portions.D)Neither children nor adults could resit the temptation of a free toy.54.How does Martin Reimann interpret his finding?A)The emotional component of the prizes is at work.B)People now care more about quality than quantity.C)People prefer certainty awards to possible awards.D)The desire for a future reward is overwhelming.55.What can we infer from Martin Reimann’s finding?A)People should eat much less if they wish to stay healthy and happy.B)More fast food restaurants are likely to follow McDonald’s example.C)We can lead people to eat less while helping the restaurant business.D)More studies are needed to find out the impact of emotion on behavior.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在中国文化中，黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色，因为它具有独特的象征意义。
2016年12月大学英语四级真题答案及解析
2016年12月大学英语四级作文真题及解析2016年12月英语四级考试作文范文：听比说重要(1)2016年12月大学英语四级考试已经结束。
针对本次的四级作文话题“听比说重要”，文都四六级辅导老师第一时间为大家解读分析。
话题贴近生活，难度一般，方便同学们考场上展开论述。
下面，我们给大家提供一篇参考范文，供参考。
As we all known, talking and listening are commonly used in communication, but how can you talk without listening to others? Good conversation skills include much more than simply talking to others, listening is also a necessary quality of a successful person.I firmly believe that listening is of greater significance than talking. For one thing, If you can not listen correctly, you can not talk properly. Just imagine a world where everyone keep talking but nobody listening, it's useless to say anything then. For another, if you want to make achievement in social settings, relationships and business, one way to ensure your success is to be a great listener.Therefore, in order to enhance our conversation skills, here are a few simple rules we can follow to help us become a better listener, such as stopping talking endlessly, giving your full attention to the speaker and making an effort to shift the focus of the conversation to the other person. All in all, nothing can instead of listening! (169 words)2016年12月英语四级作文范文：活到老学到老(1)2016年12月大学英语四级考试如期而至，今年四级作文题目之一是“活到老学到老”。
2016大学英语12月四级答案
2016大学英语12月四级答案【篇一：2016年12月英语四级翻译真题及参考答案】)directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes totranslate a passage from chinese to english. you should write your answer on answer sheet 2.2016年12月英语四级翻译真题及参考答案（卷一）红色在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福，在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。
人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时，通常放在红信封里。
红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相联系。
然而，红色并不总是代表好运与快乐。
因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写，用红墨水写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯行为。
参考范文：2016年12月英语四级翻译真题及参考答案（卷二）在中国文化中，黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色，因为它具有独特的象征意义。
在封建(feudal)社会中，它象征统治者的权力和权威。
那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的。
在中国，黄色也是收获的象征。
秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄。
人们兴高采烈，庆祝丰收。
要点1：黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色yellow is an important color, 相信这句大家都能译的出来，不过要注意：“黄颜色”不需要写yellow color，因为yellow本来就是黄色。
要点2：它具有独特的象征意义which carries a unique symbolic meaning.要点3：它象征着统治者的权利和权威it embodies rulers’ power and authority.此处，统治者可以接受的译法还有：governor, dominator都是可以的。
象征还可以写成symbolize,represent.要点4：皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色royal palaces were painted with yellow. 皇家宫殿royal palaces，皇帝emperor，黄袍imperial robes.要点5：普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的average people were not allowed to wear yellow clothes，禁止还可以用：ban, forbid.要点6：秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄when crops are ripein fall,the farmlands become a piece of golden yellow.2016年12月英语四级翻译真题及参考答案（卷三）白色随着中国的改革开放，如今很多年轻人都喜欢举行西式婚礼。
12月英语四级（卷三）翻译真题及答案
12月英语四级（卷三）翻译真题及答案2016年12月英语四级(卷三)翻译真题及答案2016年12月大学英语四级考试于今日上午开考，为帮助大家及时了解最新考试情况，以下是店铺搜索整理的关于2016年12月英语四级(卷三)翻译真题及答案，希望对大家有所帮助!想了解更多相关信息请持续关注我们店铺!【真题再现】Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese toEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在中国文化中，黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色，因为它具有独特的象征意义。
在封建(feudal)社会中，它象征统治者的权利和权威。
那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，黄袍总是黄色的.，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的。
在中国，黄色也是收获的象征。
秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄。
人们兴高采烈，庆祝丰收。
【参考译文一】In Chinese culture, yellow is a significant color, which carries a unique symbolic meaning. It embodies rulers’ power and authority in feudal society, where yellow was specifically used for emperors, for example, royal palaces were painted with yellow tint and the imperial robes were yellow. However, average people were not allowed to wear clothes in that color. In China, yellow also means harvest. When crops are ripe in Fall, wild field are golden every where. Then people celebrate the good harvest with happiness and gratitude.点评：此次题目考的是我们非常熟悉的中国传统文化，相对来说是比较简单的，无论从词汇和句子结构来说，对同学们不会造成太大障碍。
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Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese to English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
2016年12月英语四级翻译真题及参考答案（卷一）红色
在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福，在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。
人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时，通常放在红信封里。
红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相联系。
然而，红色并不总是代表好运与快乐。
因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写，用红墨水写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯行为。
参考范文：
在中国文化中，黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色，因为它具有独特的象征意义。
在封建(feudal)社会中，它象征统治者的权力和权威。
那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的。
在中国，黄色也是收获的象征。
秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄。
人们兴高采烈，庆祝丰收。
要点1：黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色yellow is an important color, 相信这句大家都能译的出来，不过要注意：“黄颜色”不需要写yellow color，因为yellow本来就是黄色。
要点2：它具有独特的象征意义which carries a unique symbolic meaning.
要点3：它象征着统治者的权利和权威It embodies rulers’ power and authority.此处，统治者可以接受的译法还有：governor, dominator 都是可以的。
象征还可以写成symbolize,represent.
要点4：皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色royal palaces were painted with yellow. 皇家宫殿royal palaces，皇帝emperor，黄袍imperial robes.
要点5：普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的average people were not allowed to wear yellow clothes，禁止还可以用：ban, forbid.
要点6：秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄When crops are ripe in Fall,the farmlands become a piece of golden yellow.
白色
随着中国的改革开放，如今很多年轻人都喜欢举行西式婚礼。
新娘在婚礼上穿着白色婚纱，因为白色被认为是纯洁的象征。
然而，在中国传统文化中，白色经常是葬礼上使用的颜色。
因此务必记住，白花一定不要用作祝人康复的礼物，尤其不要送给老年人或危重病人。
同样，礼金也不能装在白色信封里，而要装在红色信封里。
参考范文：
William Pu
Sunday, December 18, 2016。