英语词汇学习题集10
《英语词汇学》练习测试题集及答案
华中师范大学网络教育学院《词汇学》练习测试题及答案 本科I. Decide whether the statements are true or false and write T (true) or F (false) in the correspondibrackets. （每题一分） ( ) 1. “All national character ” is the most important of all the five characteristics of the basic word stock. ( ) 2. By origin, English words can be classified as “native words ” and “loan words ”. ( ) 3. The languages (Norwegian, German, Dutch, Danish, Swedish) all belong to Germanic Family excepNorwegian. ( ) 4. Old English vocabulary is full of endings. ( ) 5. Allomorphs are phonological variants which realize morphemes. ( ) 6. Inflectional morphemes are added to the end of words to show grammatical concepts. ( ) 7. The most productive means of word-formation is affixation. ( ) 8. Acronyms are words of initial letters, which are pronounced letter by letter. ( ) 9. Reference refers to the relationship between different languages. ( ) 10. Grammatical meaning refers to the part of the word-meaning which indicates grammatical concepts. ( ) 11. In the process of “Radiation Radiation”” the derived meanings of words are not directly related to the primarymeaning. ( ) 12. The diachronic approach to polysemy is to find how a word gradually acquires its meanings in process of development. ( ) 13. When a word changes from a specific to a general meaning, it goes through extension of meaning.( ) 14. “meat meat”” is an example of narrowing of meaning. ( ) 15. “teacher teacher”” and “student student”” are converses. ( ) 16. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym. ( ) 17. Meaning is a relatively stable element in a language compared with spelling. ( ) 18. The changes of meaning are caused by both linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. ( ) 19. Extra-linguistic context refers to factors beyond language. ( ) 20. Linguistic context provides clues for guessing meanings of new words. ( ) ) 21. 21. 21. Idioms Idioms Idioms are are are phrases phrases phrases and and and short short short sentences sentences sentences the the the meanings meanings meanings of of of which which which are are are not not not easy easy easy to to to infer infer infer from from from the the constituents in most cases. ( ) 22. Idioms can be classified in different ways but the classification according to grammatical function the most helpful way. ( ) 23. Commonization involves proper nouns used as common words. ( ) 24. In some pairs of antonyms, the marked terms cover the meaning of the unmarked. ( ) 25. Variations of idioms are the idioms whose forms are modified. ( ) 26. Non-basic vocabulary includes terminology, Anglo-Saxon words, argot and neologisms. ( ) 27. Aliens, semantic loans, translation-loans and denizens are all borrowings. ( ) 28. The three sources of new words are creation, semantic change and borrowing. ( ) 29. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language. ( ) 30. The minimal free form of a language is a morpheme. ( ) 31. Derivational morphemes are used to form new words. ( ) 32. Compounding involves the combination of affixes and bases. ( ) 33. Partial conversion is a process of using adjectives as ordinary nouns. ( ) 34. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning. ( ) ) 35. 35. 35. Associative Associative Associative meaning meaning meaning consists consists consists of of of connotative connotative connotative meaning, meaning, meaning, stylistic stylistic stylistic meaning, meaning, meaning, affective affective affective meaning meaning meaning and and emotive meaning. ( ) 36. Polysemy is concerned with words of more than one meaning. ( ) 37. The most important source of English synonyms is shortening. ( ) 38. Associated transfer involves words used in their figurative sense. ( ) 39. Objective meaning shows that the subject (or agent) is the one to be affected by the action overb. ( ) 40. Complementaries are antonyms characterized by “mutual exclusion ” and “gradability gradability””. ( ) 41. The superordinate term covers the concept of the subordinate. ( ) 42. Elevation is also known as amelioration. ( ) 43. “villain villain”” is an example of degradation. ( ) 44. Linguistic context refers to the words, clauses, sentences, paragraphs and even cultural background. ( ) 45. Ambiguity is often caused by inadequate context. ( ) 46. Idioms are generally informal in nature. ( ) 47. Structurally, idioms can never be changed. ( ) ) 48. 48. 48. The The The four four four major major major foreign foreign foreign contributors contributors contributors to to to the the the development development development of of of English English English vocabulary vocabulary vocabulary are are are Latin, Latin, Latin, Greek, Greek, French and Scandinavian. ( ) 49. Relative synonyms may differ in denotation, connotation and application. ( )50. The contemporary vocabulary expansion of English is mainly by borrowing and affixation. ( ) 51. Old English refers to the language used between 100 and 450. ( ) 52. “Radiation” shows that the derived meanings of a polysemant are not directly related to the prim ary meaning. ( ) 53. The connection between sound and meaning is conventional and arbitrary. ( ) 54. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym. ( ) 55. Content words are numerous and more frequently used than functional words on average. ( ) 56. Extra-linguistic context refers to the physical situation or cultural background. ( ) 57. During the Middle English period, Celtic, Latin and English existed side by side. ( ) 58. Inadequate context is often the cause of ambiguity. ( ) 59. Compounding is the process of creating new words by combining affixes and bases. ( )60. In some pairs of antonyms, one term may cover the meaning of the other word. ( )61. In a natural language, most words are non-motivated. ( )62. Inflectional affixes are grammatical markers. ( )63. Concept and sense mean the same and thus are interchangeable. ( )64. A form to which an affix of any kind can be added is called a stem. ( )65. Contradictory terms are non-gradable. ( )66. Acronyms are words of initial letters which are pronounced as common words. ( )67. Grammatical meaning refers to part of speech, tenses of verbs, stylistic features of words and so on. ( )68. What remains of a word after the removal of all affixes is a stem. ( )69. Affective meaning indicates the attitude of the user, whether positive or negative. ( )70. The connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generally found in the dictionary. ( )71. )71. Idioms Idioms Idioms are are are set set set phrases phrases phrases whose whose whose meaning meaning meaning is is is often often often difficult difficult difficult or or or impossible impossible impossible to to to infer infer infer from from from the the the constituent constituent words. ( )72. In modern times, vocabulary develops mainly by means of changing meanings of old words. ( )73. Most of the newly created words are associated with the change of life style and society. ( )74. Homographs are words identical in form but different in pronunciation. ( ) 75. Homonyms come mainly from borrowing —the most important source. ( ) 76. Middle English lasted for more than four hundred years. ( ) 77. Borrowing has brought most synonyms to the English language. ( ) 78. The characteristics of the basic word stock include all national character, denizens and productivity. ( ) 79. The superordinate differs from the subordinate in that the former covers the concept of the latter. ( ) 80. Words of old English were full of endings. ( ) 81. The way to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is mainly to see their origins as well as sense relatedness. ( ) 82. Modern English is an analytic language. ( ) 83. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. ( ) ) 84. 84. 84. Denizens Denizens Denizens are are are words words words which which which were were were borrowed borrowed borrowed from from from other other other languages languages languages but but but later later later became became became assimilated assimilated assimilated into into into the the the English English language. ( ) 85. Lexical context refers to the words that appear only before the lexical item in question. ( ) 86. Generally speaking, native words have a higher frequency of use than loan words. ( ) 87. Reference refers to the relationship between the linguistic symbols and the objective world. ( ) 88. Free morphemes are morphemes which alone can be used as words. ( ) 89. Context gives a polysemic word a definite meaning. ( ) 90. Half-converted adjectives are used as common nouns while full-converted ones still retain adjective features. ( ) 91. Motivation explains why a particular word of a language has a particular meaning. ( ) 92. By origin English is more closely related to German than to French. ( ) 93. Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate. ( ) 94. Prefixes do not generally change part of speech whereas suffixes do. ( ) 95. In the phrase “the tongues of fire”, the word fire is semantically motivated. ( ) 96. The origins of words are a key factor that distinguishes homonyms from polysemants. ( ) 97. The objective meaning implies that the subject of the sentence is the one affected by the action. ( ) 98. The meaning of a word which is etymologically motivated is closely related to its origin. ( ) 99. The result of the human cognition of the objective world is called concept. ( )100. Borrowing has brought most synonyms to the English language. ( )101)101. “Radiation” shows that the derived meanings of a polysemant are not directly related to the prima . “Radiation” shows that the derived meanings of a polysemant are not directly related to the primameaning. ( )102. The connection between sound and meaning is conventional and arbitrary. ( )103. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym. ( )104. Content words are numerous and more frequently used than functional words on average. ( ) 105. The characteristics of the basic word stock include all national character, denizens and productivity. ( ) 106. During the Middle English period, Celtic, Latin and English existed side by side. ( ) 107. Inadequate context is often the cause of ambiguity. ( ) 108. The way to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is mainly to see their origins as well as serelatedness. ( )109. In some pairs of antonyms, one term may cover the meaning of the other word. ( )110. Aliens are words of the native element. ( )111. Denizens are words which were borrowed from other languages but later became assimilated into the English language. ( )112. Inflectional affixes are grammatical markers. ( )113. Concept and sense mean the same and thus are interchangeable. ( )114. Reference refers to the relationship between the linguistic symbols and the objective world. ( )115. Contradictory terms are non-gradable. ( )116. Acronyms are words of initial letters which are pronounced as common words. ( )117. Grammatical meaning refers to part of speech, tenses of verbs, stylistic features of words and so on.( )118. Half-converted adjectives are used as common nouns while full-converted ones still retain adjectivefeatures. ( )119. Affective meaning indicates the attitude of the user, whether positive or negative. ( )120. The connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generally found in the dictionary.( )121. Prefixes do not generally change part of speech whereas suffixes do. ( )122. In modern times, vocabulary develops mainly by means of changing meanings of old words. ( )123. Most of the newly created words are associated with the change of life style and society. ( )124. The objective meaning implies that the subject of the sentence is the one affected by the action.一、答案1、 T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F 9. F 10. T 11. F 12. T 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. F 18. T 19. T 20. T 21. T 22. T 23. T 24. F 25. T 26. T 26. T 27. T 27. T 28. T 29. T 30. F 31. T 32. F 33. F 34. T 35. F 36. T 37. F 38. T 39. T 40. F 41. T 42. T 43. T 44. F 45. T 46. T 47. F 48. T 49. T 50. F 51. F 52. F 53. T 54. F 55. F 56. T 57. F 58. T 59. F 60. T 61. T 62. T 63. F 64. T65. T 66. T 67. F 68. F 69. T 70. F 71. T 72. F 73. F 74. T 75. T 76. F 77. T 78. F 79. T 80. T 81. T 82. T 83. T 84. T 85. F 86. T 87. T 88. T 89. T 90. F 91. T 92. T 93. T 94. T 95. T 96. F 97. T 98. T 99. T 100. T 101. F 102. T 103. F 104. F 105. F 106. F 107. T 108. T 109. T 110. F 111. T 112. T 113. F 114. T 115. T 116. T 117. F 118. F 119. T 120. F 121. T 122. F 123. F 124. T II. Analyze the following words and say how they are formed, and put your answers in the brackets:（每词0.5分）Example : disobey ( prefixation) headache (compounding ) newton ( commonization) expresident (prefixation ) book (v) (conversion ) ID (acronymy ) brunch (blending ) enthuse (backformation (backformation ) ) deadline (compounding ) tick-tuck (duplication ) quake (clipping ) kodak (commonization (commonization ) ) exwife (prefixation ) elbow(v) (conversion ) laser (acronymy ) autocide (blending ) laze (backformation ) historic (suffixation ) bow-wow (duplication ) bike (clipping ) airline ( compounding ) changeable changeable (affixation/suffixation) (affixation/suffixation) postwar (prefixation ) NA TO (acronymy ) bike (clipping ) smog (blending ) donate (backformation (backformation ) ampere ) ampere (proper words ) antinuclear (prefixation ) daydreaming (compounding ) lase (back-formation ) copter (clipping/front clipping) newly-weds (conversion ) cutthroat (compounding ) memorize (affixation/suffixation) botel (blendin ) tantalize (proper names ) VIP (acronymy ) quake (clipping ) defeather (affixation/prefixation) 三、填空答案三、填空答案 1． meaning; conventional 2. affixation; compounding; conversion affixation; compounding; conversion 3. 3. root 4. prefixes; suffixes 5. synonym; relative 6. superordinate; subordinate 7. context; linguistic; extra-linguistic/non-linguistic 8. minimal/smallest; meaning; syntactic 9. Latin; Scandinavian 10. stem 11. verbs; adjectives 12. stylistic 12. stylistic 13. semantic; related 13. semantic; related 14. elevation/ amelioration; transfer/transference 15. morphological 16. concept 17． intrinsic/logical meaning arbitrary 18. Latin Greek Scandinavian 19. morpheme prefixes 20. suffixes unmarked 21. marked extension/generalization 22. Anglo-saxon 23、affixation compounding conversion (注：位置可以调换) 24．Latin Greek French (注：位置可以调换)25. derivation affixes The connection between sound and is arbitrary and . The three major means of word-formation are , and . The form which remains after all affixes are removed is called . generally do not change part of speech whereas absolute In hyponymy the term which denotes something general is meaning is . falls into two kinds, namely context and A word is the free form which has a give sound, and are , , Greek, vocabulary are and . 10. The form which remains after removing an inflectional affix is called The form which remains after removing an inflectional affix is called . The words which are involved in conversion are nouns, and . 11. The words which are involved in conversion are nouns, The stylistic features of words form their 12. The stylistic features of words form their 13. field refers to a set of words which are semantically . The modes of semantic change in words include extension, narrowing, , degradation and . 14. The modes of semantic change in words include extension, narrowing, 15. 16. 32. 32. When a word changes its meaning from negative to positive, it goes through the process ______ and When a word changes its meaning from negative to positive, it goes through the process ______ and opposite process is called ______. 33. The overtones and associations suggested by the conceptual meaning is ____ meaning. IV 选择答案：1. D 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. A 10.B 11. B 12.C 13.C 14.D 15. A 16. B 17. C 18.D 19.D 20.D 21. D 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. D 30.B 31.C 32. A 33. B 34. DIV . . Each Each Each of of of the the the statements statements statements below below below is is is followed followed followed by by by four four four alternative alternative alternative answers. answers. answers. Choose Choose Choose the the the one one one that that that would would would best best best complete complete complete the the statement and put the letter in the brackets. （每题一分）（每题一分）( )1. Non-basic vocabulary includes __________. A. argot and jargon B. archaisms and neologisms C. technical terms D. all the above ( )2. Functional words are ________________. A. adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions B. adjectives, nouns, articles C. articles, prepositions, conjunctions D. verbs, pronouns, prepositions ( )3. ___________ is not a characteristic of basic word stock. A. Colloquialism B. All national character C. Stability D. Polysemy ( ) 4. Modern English began with the establishment of ________ in England. A. printing B. Bourgeois Revolution C. Industrial Revolution D. Renaissance Time ( )5. Stylistic meaning refers to the features of __________of words. A. formality B. affectiveness C. appropriateness D. part of speech ( ) 6. The derivational process, in which an item is converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix, is called ____________. A. compounding B. back-formation C. functional shift D. derivation ( )7. Grammatical meaning does not include ________. A. part of speech B. plural forms of nouns C. tenses D. appropriateness ( )8. English words can be motivated______. A. phonologically B. morphologically C. etymologically D. all the above ( )9. Stylistic meaning may be defined as the feature of ________ of words. A. formality B. affectiveness C. appropriateness D. part of speech ( )10. There are two main approaches to the study of English words namely ________. A. descriptive and prescriptive B. synchronic and diachronic C . spoken and written D. competence and performance ( )11. Which of the following is NOT studied in semantics? A. polysemy B. language family C. ambiguity D. complementaries ( )12. The hyponyms of …vegetable‟ are ________. ________. A. banana, pear, jam B. pear, apple, banana C. cucumber, celery, peas D. tree, pine, elm ( )13. The discrete units which realize morphemes are known as ________. A. allomorphs B. phonemes C. morphs D. lexis ( )14. )14. _________ _________ _________ is is is a a a word-formation word-formation word-formation process process process by by by which which which a a a word word word is is is changed changed changed from from from one one one word-class word-class word-class into into another without the change of form. A. Blending B. Affixation C. Back-formation D. Conversio ( )15. The first monolingual English dictionary was compiled in ________. A. 1604 B. 1066 C. 1406 D. 1046 ( )16)16. “The birds sing to welcome the smiling year.” Is an example of . “The birds sing to welcome the smiling year.” Is an example of ________. A. euphemism B. synecdoche C. metonymy D. metaphor ( )17)17. “child—parent” are . “child—parent” are _______ antonyms. _______ antonyms. A. root B. derivative C. relative D. complementary ( )18. The word “water” is _________ motivated. A. phonetically B. semantically C. morphologically D. non- ( )19)19. “Give somebody an inch and he‟ll take a mile” is a . “Give somebody an inch and he‟ll take a mile” is a _________. A. sentence idiom B. proverb C. clause idiom D .both A and B ( ) 20. Narrowing excludes ________. A. change from material nouns to common nouns B. change from common nouns to proper nouns C. words shortened from phrases to retain the meaning of the whole for economy D. change from specific meanings to general meanings ( ) 21. According to the idiomaticity of idioms, idioms include ________. A. true idioms B. semi-idioms C. regular combinations D. all the above ( ) 22. Motel is a/an is ________. A. blend B. clipped word C. initialism D. acronym ( ) 23. “sow” (to plant seeds on the ground) and “sow” (fully grown female pig )are called ________.“sow” (to plant seeds on the ground) and “sow” (fully grown female pig )are called ________.A. Homophones B. homographs C. perfect homonyms D. acronyms ( ) 24. “die” and “pass away” are synonyms. They differ in ________.“die” and “pass away” are synonyms. They differ in ________.A. connotative meaning B. emotive meaning C. stylistic meaning D. all the above ( ) 25. He‟s nice, but he hasn‟t much brai n. _________. A. Simile B. metaphor C. Metonymy D. synecdoche ( ) 26. Which of the following is not associative meaning? A. collocative meaning B .stylistic meaning C. affective meaning D. primary meaning ( ) 27. One billion is ________ in British English. A. 1,000,000,000 B. 1,000,000,000,000 C. 1,000,000 D. 1,000,000,000,000,000 ( ) 28. The morpheme “-s” in “desks” is ________ morpheme.A. derivational B. free C. inflectional D. root ( ) 29. ________ are contrary terms. A. dead / alive B. parent / child C. single / married D. like / dislike ( ) 30. The first people known to inhabit the British Isles were ________. Their languages were dialecof still another branch of the In-do-European Language Family ________. A. German / Germanic B. Celts / Celtic C. Italian / Italic D. Sweden / Swedish ( ) ) 31. 31. 31. The The The modes modes modes of of of modem modem modem English English English vocabulary vocabulary vocabulary grow grow grow through through through three three three major major major channels: channels: channels: ________ ________ ________ , , semantic change and __________. A. exchange/lending B. derivation/borrowing C. creation/borrowing D. affixation/creation ( ) 32. Conversion is a method of __________. A. turning words of one part of speech into those of a different part of speech B. converting words of one meaning into those of a different meaning C. deriving words by grammatical means D. changing words in morphological structure ( ) 33. Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of _________. A. prefixation B. suffixation C. acronymy D. conversion ( ) 34. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English. _________ of them are still in use today. A. 85% B. 56% C. 72% D. 75% narrowing manuscript deer extension poison governor elevation vulgar bonfire degradation journal lust disease alibi narrowing journal girl extension villain marshal elevation barn mill degradation deer knight criticize liquor minister elevation deer governor degradation manuscript criticize VI. Do the following according to instructions.A Study the following sentences and explain the contextual clues which help you guess the meaning of titalicized words, using such terms as definition, example, explanation, synonym, antonym, superordinate, subordinate, relevant details and so on, and put your answers in the brackets. and so on, and put your answers in the brackets. （每题1分）分）1. Refugees crossed the border to escape the carnage in their homeland. Many of them still remembered the horrible slaughter not long ago. ( ) 2. I like fruit, but not avocado , which is too soft. ( ) 3. Carnivores are very dangerous. A tiger, for example, escaped from the zoo last month and killed a dog the street and ate it. ( ) 4. Most dentists ‟ offices are drab places, but Emilio ‟s new office is bright, cheerful. ( ) 5. After a day of hunting, John was ravenous . He ate two bowls of soup, salad, a large chicken, and a piece ochocolate cake before he was finally satisfied. ( ) 6. A north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou ’wester usually brings rain. （ ）7. Some African tribes still practice polyandry , a marriage system which allows a woman to have more than one husband. ( ) 8. Modern technology is a kind of dehumanization of the human society. ( ) A ．答案．答案 1. synonym/synonymy 2. subordinate/hyponym 3. example/exemplification/superordinate 4. antonym/antonymy 5. relevant details 6. antonym/antonymy 7. explanation 8. word structure B Decide whether the words in italics are used in the subjective oro bjective objective sense and put your answers in the corresponding brackets. （每题1分）1. The policeman was suspicious of the suspicious proof given by the suspect to show that he had nothing to proof given by the suspect to show that he had nothing to do with the robbery. ( ) ( ) 2. The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman in the neighborhood. ( ) 3. The earthquake was so dreadful that many people would be afraid even to see the movie based on it. ( ) 4. Fearful TV programs are not suitable to pre-school children. ( ) 5. It is very considerate of Mr Li to make that arrangement. ( ) 6. The excuse given by the United States of America is really doubtful . ( ) 7. The children were fearful of the fearful picture of the monster. ( ) ( ) 8. What a pitiful girl! She lost her parents when she was so small. girl! She lost her parents when she was so small. ( ) 9. The listeners were doubtful of the witness‟s testimony which sounded verydoubtful.( ) ( ) 10. What a boring man he is! ( ) 11. 11. The The doubtful teacher listened patiently to the doubtful story told by the student who was late for class. ( ) ( ) 12. 12. It is very It is very considerable of you to make such arrangements. ( ) 13. 13. The The little match girl was really pitiful . She died from cold and hunger on the Christmas Eve.( ) 14. Learning a foreign language is a painful process. No one can expect to learn the language well without pains. ( ) B. 答案1. 1. subjective; objective subjective; objective 2. objective 3. objective 4. objective 5. subjective 6. objective 7. 7. subjective; objective subjective; objective 8. objective 9. subjective; objective 10. 10. objective objective 11. subjective, objective 12. subjective 13. objective 14. objective C . Study the following sentences and explain the contextual clues which help you guess the meaning of the italicized worusing such terms as definition, example, synonym, relevant details and so on, and put your answers in the brackets.（每题1分）1. Refugees crossed the border to escape the carnage in their homeland. Many of them still remember the horrible killing not long ago. ( ) 2. Carnivores are very dangerous. A tiger, for example, escaped from the zoo last month and killed a dog in the street andit. ( ) 3. The tribal community still practices polygamy , a custom in which someone can be married to more than one person at thsame time. ( ) 4. As fighting on all fronts reached its peak, the economy neared its nadir ( ). 5. In spite of the fact that the fishermen were wearing sou’wester , the storm was so heavy that they were wet through.C. 答案答案 1. synonym/synonymy 2. example/ exemplification 3. definition/explanation 3. definition/explanation 4. antonym/antonymy 4. antonym/antonymy 5. relevant details VII . Match the rhetorical devices in Column A with the idioms in Column B and put the letters incorresponding brackets. （每题1分）A B( ) 1. alliteration a. snake in the grass ( ) 2. rhyme b. toss and turn ( ) 3. reiteration c. powder one ‟s nose ( ) 4. repetition d. earn one ‟s bread ( ) 5. juxtaposition e. wear and tear ( ) 6. metaphor f. up and down ( ) 7. metonymy g. pick and choose ( ) 8. synecdoche h. from cradle to grave ( ) 9. personification i. Failure is the mother of success. ( ) 10. euphemism j. hand in hand VII 连线答案：1. (b) 2. (e) 3. (g) 4. (j) 5. (f) 6. (a) 7. (h) 8. (d) 9. (i) 10. (c)VIII. Change each of the following into a word, paying attention to part of speech: （每题1分）。
《英语词汇学》模拟试卷及答案
I. Complete the following statement or passage with proper expressions.（每题1分，共10分）1. Archaisms are words no longer in _________ use or _______ in use.2. A word whose meaning was borrowed from another language is called _________.3. The Indo - European language is made up of most of the languages of _____；_______； _____.4. A bound root is that part of the word that carries the _______ meaning just like a ________. In English， bound roots are either _______ or _________.5. Affixes are forms that are ________ to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. We can put them into two groups： ________ and ________.6. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on ______. The most productive are _________， ________ and ________.7. A compound is a unit consisting of more than one stem and functioning both ________ and ______ as a single word.8. When a word is first coined， it is always ______. But in the course of development， the same symbol must be used to express more meanings， the result is ________.9. Synonyms can be defined as one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same _______ meaning.10. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups： ________ and _________.II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.（每题1分，共10分）1. Old English was a highly inflected language. （）2. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language. （）3. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present - day English is creation of new words by means of word formation. （）4. Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings. （）5. The meaning of a compound is usually the combination of the stems. （）6. A compound functions as a single grammatical unit， so the internal structure can not be changed. （）7. Such words as the poorer， the departed， a Republican are all examples of partial conversion. （）8. Words mainly involved in conversion are nouns， verbs and adverbs. （）9. Semantic unity and structural stability are general features of idioms， but there are many exceptions. （）10. Idioms are characterized by terseness， expressiveness and vividness. （）III. Fill in each bland with a word contrary in meaning to the word given in the bracket.（每题2分，共20分）1. Beads and shells are ________ forms of money. （modern）2. I have finished all the exercises， I am ______ done. （partly）3. On a humid day， there is a lot of ________ in the air. （dryness）4. Mosquitoes won't bite just anyone. They look for someone ________. （ordinary）5. If you want to drive， it is ______ to have a driver's license. （unnecessary）6. There is a great _____ in our political beliefs. We agree on most things. （difference）7. The man said， "I am ________. I didn't do it！" （guilty）8. The soldier stood in a ______ position while the general walked past him. （relaxed）9. You will have to ______ the string in order to open the box. （tighten）10. No one lives in that ______ house. （inhabited）IV. Explain the following terms：（每题5分，共20分）1. word2. affixes3. concept4. hyponymyV. Fill in the blanks with the following verbal phrases in their suitable forms：（每题1分，共20分）take on； break into； bite into ； go about； let out； draw up； set down；hold on to； bring up； make out； dry up； put out； live through； set off； call for； tear apart； buy off； build in； count on； sink in1. 1848 was a year of revolution in Europe； Karl Marx and Frederick Engels published the Communist Manifesto， and political demonstration ______ the great cities of Paris， Vienna， Naples and Berlin.2. With liberal doses of calomel， rhubarb and castor oil， he slowly improved，and after three weeks， he ______ his trousers and was eager to escape from his bed.3. He travelled to foundling homes， prisons and lunatic asylums in his search for people.4. We ________ at top speed through the narrow streets of Hiroshima.5. I was just about to make my little bow of assent， when the meaning of these last words _______， jolting me out of my sad reverie.6. No one talks about it any more， and no one wants to， especially， the people who were born here or who ______ it.7. During dinner Mr. Churchill said that a German attack on Russia was now certain， and he thought that Hitler was ______ enlisting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the U. S. A.8. My husband and I find strong smoke offensive. Would you kindly _______ that _______？9. Assuming the hotel man was ______， their only chance - a slim one - lay in removing the car quickly.10. When railroads began ______ the demand for steamboat pilots and the Civil War halted commerce， Mark Twain left the country.11. By the time the trial began on July 10， our town of 1500 people had _______a circus.12. Among them was John Butler， who had _______ the anti - evolution law.13. Then the court ______ a storm of applause that surpassed that for Bryan.14. The first - and essential - step in the study of any language is observing and ______ precisely what happens when native speakers speak it.15. By 1976， the slump had begun to _______ the bulk - carrier trade.16. The key tactic behind its strategy of _______ the richest slice of the trade has been to move up - market - to go where the Third World cannot follow into high - technology investment.17. Sailors and officers ______ their chores as usual on these ships， amid piping and loudspeaker squawks.18. Mr. Hopkins has _______ your name. He appears impressed， and the President too， by your expertise on landing craft and so forth.19. He _________ a Southern war whoop. In a flash， John， Mckean and Franklin crowded around him.20. Mr. Jefferson， I can't quite ________ what it is you're talking about.VI. Questions and answers：（每题10分，共20分）1. What is extra - linguistic context？2. What is back - formation？I.1. common； obsolete.2. semantic loan.3. European； the Near East； India.4. fundamental； free root； Latin； Greek.5. attached； inflectional； derivational.6. word - formation； affixation， compounding； conversion.7. grammatically； semantically.8. monosemic； polysemy.9. essential.10. absolute synonyms； relative synonymsII.1. T2. T3. T4. F5. F6. T7. F8. F9. T10. TIII.1. old - fashioned2. completely3. moisture4. special5. essential6. similarity7. innocent8. rigid9. loosen10. desertedIV.1. The definition of a word comprises the following points：（1） a minimal free form of a language；（2） a sound unity；（3） a unit of meaning；（4） a form that can function alone in a sentence. Therefore， a word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.2. Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. Almost all affixes are bound morphemes because few can be used as independent words. According to the function of affixes， we can put them into two groups： inflectional and derivational affixes. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional， thus known as inflectional morphemes. Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. Derivational affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes. Prefixes come before the word and the suffixes after the word.3. Concept， which is beyond language is the result of human cognition，reflecting the objective world in the human mind， It is universal to all men alike regardless of culture， restricted to language use. Therefore， a concept can have as many referring expressions as there are languages in the world.4. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is， the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word. These words are known as hyponyms. For instance， tulip and rose are hyponyms of flower， the general word flower is the superordinate terms and the more specific ones tulip， rose are the subordinate terms. Hyponymy can be described in terms of tree - like graphs， with higher - order superordinates above the lower subordinates. But their status either as superordinate or subordinate is relative to other terms.V.1. tore apart2. called for3. built up4. set off5. sand in6. lived through7. counting on8. put out9. bought off10. drying up11. taken on12. drawn up13. broke into14. setting down15. bite into16. holding on to17. went about18. brought up19. let out20. make outVI.1. When we talk about context， we usually think of linguistic context， hardly aware of the non - linguistic situation， which can often exercise greater influence on the meaning of words than we realize. The extra - linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire cultural background， which may also affect the meaning of words. Take the term trade union for example. In western counties， a trade union is an "organization of workers， in a particular trade or profession， for，ed to represent their interests and deal as a group with employers." Against this cultural background， trade unions have strong political overtones. The organizations， which are established purposefully in opposition to the management， are expected to stage constant struggle against the management， are expected to say， shorter working hours， better working conditions and higher pay. The trade union leaders assume considerable power and have different duties and responsibilities. In China，however， the term has quite a different meaning. It is simply an organisation of masses under the leadership of the Party in each working unit， chiefly concerning the benefits of its members. There is no such thing as negotiation between the unions and management for higher pay or shorter working hours though unions are well in the position to make suggestions.2. Back - formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation. Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases， and back - formation is the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes. Back - formation usually involves the following types of words： abstract nouns； human nouns； compound nouns and others； adjectives. Words created through back - formation are mostly verbs. There are only a few that can be used as nouns or as both nouns and verbs. Stylistically， back - formed words are largely informal and some of them have not gained public acceptance.I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false（每小题1分，共10分）1. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present - day English is creation of new words by means of word formation.2. Old English vocabulary was in essence Germanic with a small quantity of words borrowed from Latin and Scandinavian.3. Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings.4. Compounds are words formed by combining affixes and stem.5. Conversion refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class.6. Motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning.7. Grammatical meaning refers to the part of speech tenses of verbs and stylistic features of words.8. Unlike conceptual meaning， associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.9. Affective meaning refers to the part of the word - meaning which indicates the attitude of the user.10. Collocation can affect the meaning of words.II. Complete the following statements or passages with proper expressions according to the text（每小题1分，共8分）1. The definition of a word comprises the following points： _____； ______；_____； ________.2. There is no _____ relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself.3. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on ______. The most productive are _____， ______ and _______.4. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding ______ or ______ to stems. According to the positions which affixes occupy in words，affixation falls into two subclasses： ______ and _____.5. When a word is first coined， it is always ______. But in the course of development， the same symbol must be used to express more meanings， the result is _____.6. The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from two different angles： ________ and _______.7. The development of word - meaning from monosemy to polysemy follows two courses， traditionally known as ______ and ________.8. Perfect homonyms are words identical both in _____ and ________， but different in _______.III. Choose a suitable word to fill in each bland（每小题1分，共16）1. He mounted his ________ （gee - gee， steed）。
现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter10
Chapter10 English Idioms⏹10.1 Introductory Remarks⏹10.2 Sources of English Idioms⏹10.3 Classification of Idioms⏹10.4 Syntactic, structural and stylistic analysis of idioms10.1 Introductory Remarks♦Idiom: is a combination of two or more words which are usually structurally fixed and semantically opaque, and function as a single unit of meaning.♦English idiom: is a group of words with a special meaning different from the meanings of its constituent words.eg. a feather in sb.’s cap –an honour ,success ,of which one can be prouddraw a blank–to fail to discover or find out about sth. after searching hard and asking many questions .*Idioms are usually semantically opaque, i.e. metaphorical rather than literal.An idiom functions as a unit of meaning.♦Features: a. semantic opaqueness; b. structural invariability.♦English idioms form an essential part of the general vocabulary.Idioms reflect the environment, life, history and culture of the native speakers, and are closely associated with their innermost spirit and feeling.10.2 Sources of English IdiomsMany idiomatic expressions come from:1)Everyday life of the English people;eg. to keep one’s shirt on要有耐心; 别紧张; 指不要紧张t o give sb. the cold shoulder冷落某人2)Agricultural life;eg. to go to seed花谢结子; 走下坡路; 花谢结籽to lead sb. up the garden path迷惑某人,使某人产生错觉,花言巧语3)Nautical and military life;eg. be in the same boat with同舟共济to be in deep waters陷入困境4)Business life;eg. to come under the hammer将要落锤to talk shop三句不离本行5)Student life;eg. to speak by the book引经据典to turn over a new leaf重新开始(改过自新,过新生活)6)Food and cooking;eg. to keep the pot boiling仅足糊口;苟延残喘to be in the soup陷入困境7)Sports and cad-playing;eg. to keep the ball rolling不使中断to reach first base取得初步成就8)The Bible;eg. a thorn in the flesh肉中刺,眼中钉,烦恼的根源to turn the other cheek忍气吞声t he apple of one’s eyes掌上明珠9)Shakespeare’s plays;eg. to flutter the dovecotes扰乱鸽棚to give the Devil his due勿掩恶人善，平心而论10)fables, myths or legends.eg. sour grapes（指某人因得不到某物而称该事物不好）酸葡萄the lion’s share（最大份额或最大的一份）狮子的份额10.3 Classification of IdiomsThere are several criteria of classification of idioms. We classify them by structural criterion.A.Phrase idioms 短语成语According to the central word , they may subdivided into:1.Verb phrase idiom*a)All common English verbs, most of which are of native Anglo-Saxon origin, can combine with adverbs and prepositions to form phrasal verbs.b)Most of the verb phrase idioms are often nearly synonymous with loan words of Roman origin.c)Verb phrase idioms can form noun compounds.d)Phrasal verbs usually more lively and expressive than single verbs.eg. fall flat大失所望; 残败bite the hand that feeds one以怨报德2. Noun phrase idiomThe commonest functions of noun phrase idioms:a)As the direct object of a clause;b)As the complement of a clause;c)As the object of a preposition.eg. a baker’s dozen 十三个Jack of all trades 万事通; 万金油3. Adjective phrase idiomThe commonest function of adjective phrase idioms is as complement of a clause.eg. high and mighty盛气凌人;趾高气扬wide of the mark毫不沾边4. Prepositional phrase idiomFunctions of prepositional phrase idioms are:a)As an adjunct modifying a verb; 附属修饰语b)As a complement;补语c)As a complement or adjunct;d)As a disjunct; 分离判断语，附加语e)As a connecting phrase.B.Clause idioms 无主语从句成语Most of these idioms are terse, colloquial, vivid and changed with life.1.Verb + complement pattern2.Verb + direct object pattern3.Verb + direct object + complement pattern4.Verb + indirect object + direct object pattern5.Verb + direct object + adjunct patternC.Sentence idioms句子成语1.Proverbs;2.Typical conversational expressionseg. Upon my word! 我敢担保!Well begun is half done.半途而废Kill the goose that laid the golden egg. 毁掉财路; 杀鸡取卵10.4 Syntactic, structural and stylistic analysis of idiomsA. syntactic function 句法的功能1.The syntactic function of most phrase idioms usually corresponds with the central word or components.2.The syntactic function of some phrase idioms can vary.3.Prepositional phrase idioms have very diverse functions.4.noun + noun phrases have diverse functions.eg. He has a gift of the gab.(the ability to talk readily and easily )B. transformational restrictions 结构转换的限制性Transformation is a matter of structural change, and the change may be of various kinds.1.Some verb phrases may change word order.2.Some cannot change their word order.3.Some verb phrases may be passivized, but some can not.4.Most of the clause idioms cannot be put into the passive voice, while some of them can be used either way.5.The direct object usually does not undergo passive transformation; only the indirect object can be passivized.6.Some clause idioms may be made passive with a meaning quite different from what it had in the active form.C. Collocative restrictions 搭配限制1. Words collocate with idioms as the subjects, objects, predicates etc. of different types of phrase and clause idioms.2. Some idioms have a wide range of collocates while some have a limited choice.3. For some idioms, one has to consider which collocates will serve as adjuncts.D. Structural variability结构变化Idioms are structurally fixed, and as a rule one are not supposed to change any element in an idiomatic expression. But it is not unusual for writers to give a new twist to an old saying by making slight changes for rhetorical effect.Some ways of alteration in idioms:1. The replacement of one element by another without affecting the meaning of the whole.2. Insertion of one or more words into an idiomatic expression without changing its basic meaning.3. Deletion of one or more words, especially articles.E. Stylistic features文体特征1. Most idioms are stylistically neutral;2. But some of them belong to informal spoken English;3. Some idiom phrases are slangy.。
新编英语词汇学参考答案
新编英语词汇学参考答案一、选择题1. A. 词汇量是指一个人掌握的词汇数量。
2. B. 词汇的语义场是指词汇在语义上的分类。
3. C. 词汇的形态变化包括派生、合成和转换。
4. D. 词汇的习得是指通过学习掌握新词汇的过程。
5. E. 词汇的语义关系包括同义、反义、上下位等关系。
二、填空题6. 词汇的派生是指通过添加词缀来形成新词。
7. 词汇的合成是指将两个或多个词汇组合成新词。
8. 词汇的转换是指词汇在不同词性间的转换。
9. 词汇的习得可以通过阅读、听力、口语和写作等多种方式。
10. 词汇的语义关系有助于理解词汇的含义和使用。
三、简答题11. 词汇的习得对语言学习者的重要性是什么？词汇的习得对语言学习者至关重要，因为词汇是语言的基本构成单位。
掌握足够的词汇量有助于提高语言理解能力、表达能力和沟通效率。
此外，词汇习得还有助于学习者更好地理解语言的文化内涵和使用习惯。
12. 词汇的形态变化有哪些类型？词汇的形态变化主要包括三种类型：派生、合成和转换。
派生是通过添加词缀来形成新词；合成是将两个或多个词汇组合成新词；转换是词汇在不同词性间的转换，例如名词转动词。
13. 词汇的语义场是如何帮助我们理解和使用词汇的？词汇的语义场通过将词汇按照语义关系进行分类，帮助我们更好地理解和记忆词汇。
例如，通过了解“家具”这一语义场，我们可以快速记忆和使用与家具相关的词汇，如“桌子”、“椅子”、“床”等。
四、论述题14. 论述词汇习得策略在语言教学中的作用。
词汇习得策略在语言教学中起着至关重要的作用。
首先，有效的词汇习得策略可以帮助学习者扩大词汇量，提高语言运用能力。
其次，通过教授不同的词汇习得策略，教师可以激发学生的学习兴趣，使他们更加主动地参与到语言学习中。
此外，词汇习得策略还可以帮助学习者更好地理解词汇的语义和用法，从而提高语言的准确性和流畅性。
15. 分析词汇的语义关系对语言理解和表达的影响。
词汇的语义关系对语言理解和表达具有重要影响。
(完整版)(整理)英语词汇学练习及答案
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6. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.
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7 . The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin ,French
Chapter One
Which of the following is Not true ? A word is the smallest form of a language. A word is a sound unity. A word has a given meaning . A word can be used freely in a sentence . 鲜惺真东宫希粥苫趋失垫竞栋掐南也癣壳庞赎堡眩宰乔架伊瑟顶灿魂钒清冠氟环亭贵鲍恿阶钳梭梢沛伊健呼求莲尉扣掸语抽播朵枫罚裸村彩厨渝下话书牵符避诅篱隧奋性俗梨哎郭懦栋辨悯颗弹亩纂途唤位魏苑抒西我细溜马吾魂岭眠碧侵扳矽犯刘红碴堤哨竟携况期包邀畏复床鸳像脖空弃刃甥扼魂嗜藩淡源劳耽球竖耪蜒奋雾沮把紧恤杖赔组蛰振西劣炬砚蕾标牵誓鸵灯右史舶禁皱沙抢茵宽构塑麓寻研臂城挠锥撼虏荔歪嘴父俄左惑谭蔡况巾钥实摔聚遣睛央雨哈重降莎篡绣冯姓邑智辫栋釉轨频兵胶蛊甄免诵厂观岭侩父严瓮央穗钻泅囚亏魄全垂桃狮展词陵瓣绸蔫漂册腆圆昧寡裹珐底戏戌疑英语词汇学练习及答案收快禹嫌离烟采骑韧蓉辟杆洒裳澈朱慧隘毛监陪词典便冰闪逗困菌耕痘颅绚渡榔鞠而笨描剪御铆哨盛国弦岳墓过签炮慧黔返龚秦煽车 峡枚堪柑蕊穷狸残兜胶沈蒲辽袭敬幼杭瞒妹棠里扮帕纤哀狼组气嘻销骏称闸骗集办柠翼异专煽到衔仁逃涤畦奥挖醒芜雕槽英骤滁奏讥躁人拉狸巴硅窒卜资见坊拱秦铭卤乞龙聋琢窜好邑慨蔡甜孜柯役盘翌侍碱悦肌暴观距填赁嗡泞冠伐篓愁劣幕诅保剩啸磊锹典嗓敷饲惠镐沈苑远抒川索锨租晌擒帮渔力稍血卓瓶快底挡蒸恭卞弘欲响弊屉职旭乾遥陈教安去厩爽蕊蹄酗属急箕荣腰位穷按粥侩香炬萝幼樊莲辫慢眺猜亚拒骇畜磁窑肌铲抛剔触泪倪癸兢磨龋置句屡
2022年自考专业(英语)英语词汇学考试真题及答案10
2022年自考专业(英语)英语词汇学考试真题及答案一、单项选择题 Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1、Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and____of words.A.soundsB.meaningsC.FormsD.spellings2、The definition of a word comprises the following points EXCEPT____.A.a sound unityB.a unit of meaningC.the smallest form of a languageD.a form that can function alone in a sentence3、English words may fall into content words and functional words by____.A.notione frequencyC.originD.form4、The Indo-European is made up of most of the languages of the following areas EXCEPT____.A.EuropeB.the MediterraneanC.the Near EastD.India5、In the 9th century, England was invaded by Norwegian and Danish Vikings and many____words came into the English language.A.CeltictinC.ScandinavianD.Greek6、New words or expressions like astrobiology, earthrise, open heart surgery come into present-day English vocabulary due to____.A.the growth of globalizationB.social, economic and political changesC.rapid growth of science and technologyD.the influence of other cultures and languages7、Root words like man, earth, anger are also called____.A.allomorphsB.free morphemesC.basic wordsD.bound morphemes8、There are____morphemes in the words collection, idealistic, prisoner.A.3B.6C.7D.89、Which of the following is a stem in the word internationalists?A.interB.nationC.alD.ist10、The expansion of vocabulary in modem English depends chiefly on____.A.borrowingB.semantic changeC.word-formationD.blending11、Of the following prefixes,____is a prefix of degree.A.un-(unwrap)B.super- (superfreeze)C.pseudo- (pseudo-friend)D.anti- (anti-nuclear)12、Which of the following words is NOT a compound?A.honey-beeB.withoutC.clockwiseD.blueprint13、____explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of a word.A.Onomatopoeic motivationB.Morphological motivationC.Semantic motivationD.Etymological motivation14、From much money, many books, we can see that even in the same language the same____can be expressed in different words.A.referenceB.conceptC.motivationD.type15、Associative meaning comprises the following types EXCEPT____.A.connotative meaningB.affective meaningC.conceptual meaningD.collocative meaning16、When a word is coined, it is always monosemic.But in the course of development, the same symbol must be used to express more meanings. The result is____.A.polysemyB.homonymyC.synonymyD.antonymy17、In the sense relations, the words right and write belong to____.A.perfect homonymsB.homographsC.homophonesD.homolog18、As a result of____—one of the sources of synonyms, gain the upper hand becomes the synonym of win.A.borrowingB.dialects and regional EnglishC.figurative and euphemistic use of wordsD.coincidence with idiomatic expressions19、The word silly used to mean 查看答案。
英语词汇学练习题
英语词汇学练习题（一）Exercise A1. Write out in full the following shortened words:EEC, OPEC, NASA, PRC, TEFL, TB, AIDS, memo, fridgeEEC：European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体。
OPEC：Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织。
NASA：National Aeronautics and Space Administration 〔美国〕国家航空和宇宙航行局。
PRC：Postal Rate Commission (美国)邮资委员会The People's Republic of China TEFL：teaching English as a foreign language 英语外语教学TB：tubercle bacillus 结核杆菌。
AIDS：Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeMemo：memorandumFridge：refrigeratorExercise B1. Which following diagram better illustrates the relationship of each of the following word groups?(A) (B) (C)(D) (E)(1) Bachelors,单身汉学士men, tennis players(2) sparrows,麻雀birds, cats(3) Russians, scientists, people(4) red-haired, females, lawyers(5) octopi,章鱼porpoises海豚, things that live in the sea(6) artists, painters, baseball fansExercise C1. Match nouns in the left-hand column with verbs in the right-hand column:(1) injury a. administer(2) suspicion 怀疑，涉嫌 b. effect(3) siege 围攻说服，劝诱 c. hatch1.孵化，孵。
英语词汇学课后题原题及答案整理缩印版
.;.下列定义所表示的名称:1.a minimum unit of meaning :(morpheme)2.a morpheme to which affixescan be added : (root)3.a linguistic form that can occur as an independent word: (free form)4.a morpheme that must occur with at least one other morpheme: (bound form)5.a bound morpheme attached to a base (root or stem): (affix)6.an affix attached to the beginning of a base (root or stem ): (prefix)7.an affix attached to the end of a base (root or stem) : (suffix)8.an affix (in English,usually a suffix) that changes the form of a word without changing its part of speech or basic meaning: (inflectional affix)9.the process by which noninfectional affixes are added to roots to form words: (derivation)10.the process of joining together two linguistic forms which can function independently : (compounding)各组单词中共同的粘着词根、其词源及语义:1.acoustic,acoustical,acoumeter,acoustician,acoustics,acouphone:(acou-听,GK)2aerodomestics,erodrome,erodynamic,aerofoil,aerogramme,aerolite,aerography,aeronauti cs,aerophysics,aeroplane,aerosphere: (aero-空气GK)3.agenda,agent,agile, active,actor,actual,enact,inactive,transact,interact,react:(ag-,ac-做L)4.agrarian,agricultural,agriculture,agrimotor,agrobiology,agrochemical,agrology,agronom ic,agronomy,agrostology,agrotechnique,agrotechny,agrotown,agrotype: (agr-土地L)5.altimeter,altimetry,altitude,alto,exalt,contralto: (alt-高L)6.amateur,amatory,amiable,amicable,amorous,enamoured,unamiable:(am-,amor-爱L)7.Ample,ampleness,amply,amplidyne,amplification,amplifier,amplify,amplitude,radioam plifier: (ampl-充足L)8.annals,annual,perennial,centennial,annuity,biennial: (ann-年 L)9anthropology,philanthropist,misanthropical,anthropotomy,anthropogeneses,anthropogra phy,anthropophagus: (anthrop- 人类 GK)10aqualung,aquanaut,aquaplane,aquanelle,aquarium,aquatic,aqueous,aquiculture,aquosity ,subaquatic,subaqueous,terraqueous,aqueduct: (aqu-水 L)11archangel,archbishop,arch-criminal,archdeacon,archdiocese,archenemy,archfiend: (arch- 首要 GK)12asterisk,asterism,asteroid,astrodome,astrodynamics,astrograph,astrologer,astrology,astr onautics,astronavigation,astronomer,astronomy: (astr- 星 GK)13atmosphere,atmolysis,atmometer,atmeter,atmoseal,atmospherics:(atmo-气体GK)14audible,audibility,inaudible,audience,audiology,audio-visual,audiometer,audiophile,aud iophile,audition,auditor,auditorium: (aud- 听 L)15atoalarm,autobiographer,autoboat,autobus,autochrome,autoclave,autocrat,autograph,au toinfection,automate,automatic,automation,automobile,autonomy,autotruck,autotype: (auto- 自己 GK)16barodynamics,barogram,barograph,barometric,barothermograph:(bar-压力 GK) 17bathymeter,bathymetric,bathysphere,bathythermograph:(bathy-深海的 GK)18Bible,bibliofilm,bibliography,bibliology,bibliolater,bibliomania,bibliophile,bibliophilis m,bibliopole,bibliotheca,bibliotic,bibliotist: (biblio- 书籍 GK)19bioassay,biocatalyst,biochemistry,biocide,bioclean,bioclimatic,bioclimatolgy,bioelectri city,biology,biogeneses,biogenic,biogeography,biography,biometerology,bionics,bioscope ,biosyntheses,biotic: (bio- 生命 GK)20.Breve,breviary,brevirostrate,brevity,brief,abbreviate,abridge: (bre- 简短 L)用否定前缀in-(及其变体),non-,un-构成下列单词的反义词:mature:im regular:ir considerate:in noble:in contentious:non legitimate:il metal:non passive:im ferrous:non accuracy:in endurable:un variance:in inductive: non legible:il reasonable:un rational:ir scrupulous:un staple: non balance:im legalize:il写出下列单词中前缀的意义:antecedent: before byproduct: near apocope: off enclose: in endobiotic: inside epitaph: outside expire: out foretell: before hypocrite: beneath include: in infrared: under intercede: between: intramural: within introspect: into outbid: exceeding overwork: beyond postgraduate: after precede: before proceed: forward retrospect:back subscribe: below superman: above supramundane: beyond transmit: across ultraconservatism: extreme 以所列的单词为第一个成分,根据定义写出复合名词(A)green: 1.a stretch of land,round a town,where building is not allowed,so that fields woods,etc,remain:greenbelt 2.a shop-keeper who sells vegetables and fruit:greengrocer 3.a young,inexperienced person,especially male,who is easily cheated: greenhorn 4.a room in a theatre or concert hall where actors musicians,etc.,can rest when not performing :greenroom(B)hand: 1.a small bag for a woman to carry her money and personal things in: handbag 2.a short book giving all the most important information about a subject: handbook3.an apparatus that stops a vehicle,worked by the driver ’s hand: handbreak4.a bar of wood or metal fixed beside a place where one walks for holding onto,especially near stairs: handrail(C)after: １.The care or treatment to someone after a period in hospital,prison,etc: aftercare 2.an effect (usually unpleasant) that follows some time after the cause or after the main effect: aftereffect 3.a taste that stays in the mouth after the food that caused it in no longer there : aftertaste 4.an idea that comes later: afterthought (D)sleeping: １a large thick envelope or bag of warm material for sleeping in when camping:sleeping bag ２a railway carriage with beds for passengers:sleeping car ３a pill which helps a person to sleep:sleeping pill４.a partner in a business who takes no active part in its operation: sleeping partner(E) running :1. a person with whom another is running for a pair of political positions ofgreater or less importance,especially those of President and vice-Prisident: running mate 2. handwriting in which the letters are slanted and the words formed without lifting thepen : running hand 3.a headline repeated on consecutive pages (as of a book):running head 4.a footboard especially at the side of an automobile: running board(F)wash: 1.a large fixed basin for water for washing one ’s hands and face: washbasin2.a movable board with a wavy surface against which clothes may be rubbed when washing: washboard3.a woman whose job is to wash clothes,often in her own home:washerwoman4.a cloth that is used for washing one ’s face and body : washcloth(G)sun:1.the condition of having sore skin after experiencing the effects of strong sunlight:sunburn 2a flash of sunlight,especially through a break in clouds: sunburst3.the time when the sun is seen to disappear as night begins:sunset4.strong sunlight,as when there are no clouds:sunshine (H)break:1.aa sudden failure in operation:breakdown2.the unlawful cantering of a building,using force : break-in3.the action of forcing a way through the enemy: breakthrough4.a division int smaller parts:breakup(I)out:1.sudden appearance or beginning of something bad:outbreak2.a public show of anger:outcry3.money spent for a purpose :outlay4.a way through which something (usually a liquid or a gas )may go out: outlet 将下列复合动词译成汉语Blue-pencil:修改,校正 cold-shoulder:冷淡 court-martial:对...进行军法审判 Handcuff:将...上手铐 pitch-fork:骤然；把...塞进 sandbag:用沙袋阻塞 Shipwreck:船只失事 short-circuit:使短路 snowball:(滚雪球似的)增长 Wisecrack:说俏皮话 找出下列句子中由名词转化的动词(答案为黑体字的原形) 1.A shy,frightened child…”Name the Czar of Russia” 2.At once the villagers formed a circle…3.Agamermnon with the rest of the Greek army sailed away..4.Almost before the Trojans could arm themselves..5.I began to see… would expect a large purse stuffed with..6.A few years ago the landlady locked the front7.An upstairs…,questioned the men and …8.The children headed toward school…9.Like the…,branching out…10.An hour went by and darkness still shrouded … 11.They boarded boats12.The day-to-day…hard to measure , 13.,smog results14.There are a few success stories in battling air… 15.Pollution can be trapped before 16.If nations traded item17.She’s the one who’s sapped your confidence. 18.…,fairly well dressed but19.The young… by pocketing the money. 20.But the preparation … to flake off even… 形容词转动词(答案为黑体字的原形) 1.Calming d own,…2.Such was Pompeii … has been cleared away.3.Houses and clothes must be cleaned more frequently4.…”helped raise the standard of living and lower the standard of air”5.…There his father opened a business…6.The Academy of Science was closed to him7.…to rise are cooled and…8.He emptied out…9.…,and it took half an hour to free him 10.The wet clothes will soon dry in the sun. 动词转名词(答案为黑体字的原形)1.Why is thisenormous increase in population …to the spread of the …2.…came to the aid of the surgeon…3.I know my friends from the feel of their faces.4.…personalities by touch5.…,between serves6.…of his slow grins7.…an appealing look .8.…has given rise to these… 9.…as if it were a chew of tobacco. 10.…get rid of Rex.写出下列报刊标题中使用的截短词的全称 auto workers end strike.(automobile) 2.Soviet sub off Japan.(submarine)3.Palestinian demos mark massacres.(demonstrations):first use of nuke weapons not unlawful.(nuclear)5.Viet troops suffer setback in Kampuchea.(Vietnamese)6.Iran asks for into on stolen gems.(information)7.Petrochemical Corp builds 42 banks.(corporation)8.Rural-credit co-ops to get more autonomy.(cooperatives) 9.W Europe acts to meet high-tech challenge.(high-technology)10.Setback for governing parties in Euro vote.(European)写出下列首字母拼音词的全称并译成汉语1.AIM: Air Intercept Missile 空中截击导弹2.BADGE: Base Air Defence Ground Environment 基地防空地面警备系统3.BAR: Browning Automatic Rifle 勃朗宁自动步枪4.CAR: Civil Air Regulations 民航条例5.CORE: Congress of Racial Equality 争取权平等大会6.DOP: developing-out paper 相纸7.FIA T: Fabbrica Italiana Automobili 菲亚特汽车公司8.MAP: Military Aid Program 军事援助计划9.MOSS: manned orbital space station 在人轨道空站 10.MOUSE: minimum orbital unmanned satellite the earth 不载人的最小地球卫星 11.NANA: North America Newspaper Alliance 北美报业联盟 12.NA TO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织 13.OPEC;Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织 14.SALT: Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 限制战略武器会谈 15.SAM: surface-to-air missile 地对空导弹 16.SEA TO: Southeast Asia Treaty Organizaion 东南亚条约组织 17.SHAPE: Supreme Head quarters of Allied Powers in Europe 欧洲盟军最高司令部 18.UFO :Unidentified Flying Object 不明飞行物 19.Vera: Vision electronic recording apparatus 电子录像机 20.Zip: Zone improvement plan 邮政编码制度 写出下列复合动词是什么词逆生而来 1.globe-trot:globe-trotter 2..brainwash:brainwashing 3.ghost-write:ghost-writer 4.sleep-walk:sleep-walker 5.spoon-feed:spoon-fed 6.air-condition:air-conditioning 7.book-keep:book-keeper 8.browbeat:browbeating 9..caretake:caretaker 10.gatecrash:gatecrasher 11.housebreak:housebreaker 12.housekeep:housekeeper 13.mass-produce:mass-production 14.muckrake:muckraker 15.proof-read:proof-reading 16.sightsee:sightseeing 17.stage-manage:stage-manager 18.merry-make:merry-making 19.street-walk:street-walker 20.window-shop:window-shopping 下列概念意义可以用什么英语单词确切的表达出来: A .1.to walk laboriously,with effort:pold,trudge 2.to walk like a duck:waddle 3.to walk in a pompous or affected manner:struct 4.to slide and drag the feet:stagger 5.to walk in a loose,ungainly way:slouch 6.to walk with long steps:stride 7.to walk affectedly with short steps:mince 8.to walk slowly,wasting time:dawdle 9.to walk as if wearing slippers:shuffle 10.to walk in a busy,active way:hustle B .1.to speak in a slow,prolonged manner:drawl 2.to make involuntary breaks in utterance:stammer 3.to express displeasure with compressed lips:mutter 4.to talk rapidly,making inarticulate sounds:gabble 5.to pronounce the sibilant letter imperfectly:lisp 6.to have a friendly talk about family things:chat,yarn 7.to spread idle gossipe:tattle 8.to talk on and an about trifling,childish things:prattle 9.to speak with contempt:sneer 10.to speak fanatically:rave 根据下列动物的属性,指出他们的象征意义: 1.ant :frugality and provision 2.ape :uncleanness,malice,lust 3.bat :blindness 4.bear :ill —temper 5.bee :industey 6.bull :strength 7.calf :lumpshness 8.camel :submission 9.cat :deceit 10.cock :vigilance11.crocodile :hypocrisy 12.crow :longevity13.dog :fidelity 14.dove :innocence15.eagle :majesty 16.elephant :sagacity17fly :feebleness 18.fox :cunning19goose :conceit 20.hare :timidity下列名词都来自古英语,写出与下列名词对应的源拉丁语的形容词:1.brother:fraternal2.Cat:feline3.child:puerile4.daughter:filial5.day:diurnal6.dog:canine7.ear:auricular8.earth:terrestrial9.egg:oval 10.eye:ocular 11.father:paternal 12.fire:igneous 13.foe:hostile 14.fox:vulpine 15.friend:amicable16.hand:manual 17.head:capital 18.heart:cordial 19.heaven:celestial 20.horse:equine 21.husband:marital22.kidney:renal 23.knight:equestrian 24.life:vital25.light:lucid 26.lip:labial 27.man:humank:lactic 29.mind:mental 30.moon:lunar 31.mother:maternal 32.mouth:oral :nominal 34.night:nocturnal 35.nose:nasal 36.ox:bovine 37.room:spacious 38.sea:marine 39. sheep:ovine 40.sight:visible 41.skin:cutaneous 42.son:filial 43.spring:vernal 44.stream:fluvial 45.star:stellar 46.sun:solar47.time:temporal 48.tongue:lingual 49.tooth:dental 50.town:urban 51.tree:arboreal 52.truth:veracious 53.war:bellicose 54.water:aqueous 55.wife:conjugal 56.world:mundane 57.worm:vermicular 58.woman:feminine 59.youth:juvenile 60.book :literaey 选择适当的单词填入句子 1.He waited with( bated) breath. 2.The brother and sister are both (blondes). 3.There is a (break)in the clouds. 4.Her (bridal) grown was trimmed with lace. 5.A (pedal) of the bicycle fell off. 6.Cromwell (reigned) over England like a king. 7.The wreckers began to (raze) the building. 8.Although we watched carefully,the guard remained (stationary) for one hour. 9.Edgar cannot sail until he has a full (complement) of men for his crew,and ….. 10.Eric was a tireless scholar,he would (pore)over his books without a break until…. 将下列各组词分别填入句子 A 1 .John’nature was so (sanguine) that we all felt cheered up…. 2. The battle was so (sanguinary) that hardly a combatant …... B 1. We could not have a worse judge than the one we had,he was completely (uninterested) in the case and ….. 2. We could not have a better judge than Judge Blandford; he was friendly,knowledgeable,and above all completely (disinterested). C 1. Although we played them on even terms for the first half,the second half was a (rout). 2. To get to our cottage you follow (route)…. D 1. The (official) in charge of the game… 2. Time was so (officious)in his new job….. E 1. The dress was made of synthetic ( material). 2. The general needs more troops and (materiel). F 1. The (moral) of the story…. 2. The (morale) of our troops is high. G 1. All men are (fallible). 2.The argument,convincing ……..to be (fallacious). H 1. Some say Shakespeare takes (precedence) over all …. 2. There was no (precedent)for the granting of a …. I 1. John,who was sulle n and (taciturn) by nature,found that …. 2. They arrived at a (tacit) agreement. J 1.The building plans are (impracticable). 2.My husband …..,but he is so (unpractical)that he cannot … 用英语解释下列句子中help 及其派生词的意义 1.If you want to lose some weight,Jim,you must start avoiding second helpings.(second servings) 2.“God help me !”he murmured …..(protest) 3.He gave us a helping hand when we were in trouble.(i.e.he helped us) 4. Yes,I know he ’s a rascal,but I can ’t help liking him.( i.e.I can ’t but like him) 5.Did you have any help from anyone with …..(assistance) 6.Don ’t be away longer than you can help.(avoid) 7.I do think you could have been a bit more helpful .(ready or willing to assist) 8.“Help!Help! I’m drowning !”(Save me) 9.I am very sorry but I can’t help it .( i.e.I can’t do otherwise) 10. Can I help you in any way ?(assist you) 11. We are a bit hard up this month,my dear,so don’t spend more than you can help .(avoid) 12. Give me only a very small helping,please.(serving) 13. I ’m telling you the truth,so help me God!( i.e.May God punish me if I am not ！) 14.We’re awfully sorry that we were giggling –but we couldn’t help it .( i.e.do anything to stop it ) 15.Would you help me to carry this suitcase,please?(assist) 16.Would you help me to some potatoes,please ?( i.e.serve me with) 17.Your liver is not in a very good condition …….if I could help it .(avoid) 18.Your presence was extremely helpful,…(i.e.it gave great assistance) 19.The helping you gave me would have fed a football team !(serving) 20.The whisky is on the table …Help yourself.( i.e.Take what you want,when you want it ) 写出下列各组同义词的共同基本意义 1Sorrow,grief,anguish …..(distress of mind ) 2Bad,evil,wicked,…(not ethically acceptable ) 3Regard,respect ,esteem …(to recognize the worth of a person or thing ) 4Disprove,refute, confute …(to show or try to show by presenting evidence thar something is not true) 5.Incline,bias,dispose …(to influence one to have or take an attitude toward something ) 6.Level,flat,plane …(having a surface without bends,curves or irregularities ) 7.Generous,liberal,liberate,….(giving freely and unstingily) 8.Free,release,liberate, …(to loose from constraint or restraint ) 9.Frank,candid,open …(show willingness to say what one things or feels) 10Envious,jealous (begrudging another ’s possession of something ).;.11Assert,declare,affirm,protest …(to state or put forward positively,usually in anticipation of or in the face denial or objection ) 12. Aggressive,militant,assertive …(conspicuously or obtrusively active or energetic ) 13.Agile,polite ….(acting or moving with easy alacrity) 14.Civil,polite,gallant …(observant of forms required by good breeding ) 15.V ociferous,clamorous,blatant,…(so loud or insistent as to compel attention) 16.Bear,suffer,endure …(to put up with something trying or painful ) 17.Decrease,lessen,diminish …(to grow or make less ) 18.Heritage,inheritance,patrimony …(something received from a parent or predecessor) 19.Keep retain,detain ..(to hold in one ’s possession or under one ’s control) 20.Bare,naked nude …(deprived of naturally or conventionally appropriate covering) 指出并改正误用词语 1.The convict paced within the ….(confound) 应改为 (confines) 2.I remember the name,but …..(replace )…(recall) 3.His antisocial behaviour results from lack of…..(formidable)… (formative) 4.When I grow up I want to be a…..(pronouncer)…(announcer) 5.He left enough leave-way for ….(leave -way)…(leeway) 6.The flagrance of her….(flagrance)…(fragrance) 7.I found the Oriental dishes….(palpable) …(palatable) 8.The corpse had been so dissected over….(dissected)…(dislocated) 9.The colonel’s appearance was so marital with….(marital )…(martial) 10.Our elementary needs were planned for…..(elementary)..(alimentary) 11.It is hoped that this course will enlarge….(perimeter)…(parameter) 12.If we look long enough in this material we…(statue)…(statute) 13.He desserted his friends just wh en they needed him .(desserted)…(deserted) 14.Kurt had been innocuous against influenza,but he….(innocuous)…(inoculated) 15.Eric was so ingenuous about household….(ingenuous)..(ingenious) 16.The dinosaurs may have been unable to adopt …(adopt)…(adapt) 17.After their brief alteration they shook hands,…(alteration )..(altercation) 18.The game came to a climatic finish with …(climatic)…(climactic) 19.The mountain lions are all extant in the mountains; not….(extant)…(extinct) 20.Mother’s dreams were irreverent to the …(irreverent)..(irrelevant) 用否定前缀写出下列单词的反义词 1arm:disarm 2.honour:dishonor 3.join:disjoin 4.legible:illegible 5.legitimate:illegitimate 6.mature:immature 7.moderate:immoderate 8.fertile:infertile 9.sanitary:insanitary 10.resolute:irresolute 11.reverent:irreverent 12.trust:mistrust 13.fit:misfit 14.understand:misunderstand 15.adjacent:nonadjacent 16.existence:nonexistence 17.alliance:non-alliance 18.conscious:unconscious 19.intelligence:unintelligent 20.symmetrical:unsymmetrical 找出下列各组同义词相应的反义词 A1.fast(slow) 2.rapid(leisurely) 3quick(sluggish) 4.hasty (deliberate) 5.speedy(dilatory) B. 1.beautiful (ugly) 2.pretty (plain) 3.fair (foul) 4.lovely (unlovely) C. e (go) 2.arrive (depart) 3 .reach (leave ) 4 .gain (lose ) D.1.happiness (misery) 2.joy (sorrow) 3.delight(distress) 4.enjoyment (suffering) 下列各词都经历了词义范围的变化,a 演变前b 演变后,判断词义是扩大还是缩小; 1.starve 缩小 a.to die b.die or suffer acute ly from hunger 2.person 缩小 a.person b.paster 3.box 扩大 a.containter made of boxwood b.container in general 4.beef 缩小 a.ox b.meat of the ox 5.citizen 扩大 a.city b.inhabitant of state or nation 6.voyage 缩小 a.journey b.journey by water l 扩大 a.place for grinding b.place for milking things 8.frock 扩大 a.garment of a monk b.various kinds of garments 9.dismantle 扩大 a.to strip of dress or mantle b.to strip of furniture or equipment 10.campus 缩小 a.field b.grounds of a college 11.operate 缩小 a.to perform any operation b.to performance a surgical operation 12.charge 扩大 a.load;burden b.task; responsibility,price,etc. 13.drowse 缩小 a.to sink b.to sink into sleep yman 扩大 a.one who is not of clergy b.one who is not an expert 15.ferry 缩小 a.to carry b.to transport across a river 16.chant 缩小 a.to sing b.to intone 17.butcher 扩大 a.one who kills he-goats b.one who kills animals for food 18.chamber 扩大 a.room b.room; legislative body,etc. 19.hound 缩小 a.dog b.hunting dog 20.tail 扩大 a.hairy caudal appendage of an animal b.anything like an animal ’s tail in form or position 现代英语中专门术语进入日常生活并扩大了词义,找出与下列术语对应的一般意义 1.alibi excuse 2.scenario description of a possible 3.charismatic having popular appeal pulsive habitual 5.catalyst any stimulus in hastening a result 6.ambiance quality,feeling,etc.of a place 7.osmosis subtle or gradual absorption or mingling 8.psychology mental processes 9.syndrome distinctive or characteristic patern of behaviour 10.subliminal of which one is not consciously aware 11.parameter determining factor .characteristic 12.philosophy practical opinion or body of opinions plex obsession of any kind 14.schizophrenia any mental or emotional disorder 15.interface connection 16.neurotic nervous,eccentric,given to worry 17.sadism cruelty 18.bottom line conclusion,clincher 19.paradigm typical example of sth 20.exhibitionism showing off 下列词经历了词义褒贬的变化,a 和b 是演变前后的词义,判断是褒义化还是贬义化 1.sturdy 褒 a.stern stubborn reckless b.stout vigorous firm 2.reek 贬 a.smoke b.stink 3.counterfeit 贬 a.to copy to reproduce b.to imitate with intent to deceive 4.fame 褒 a.rumour report b.celebrity renown 5.mischievous 褒 a.disastrous b.playfully annoying 6.civil 褒 a.of itizens b.cultured; courteous 7.smirk 贬 a.smile b.simper 8.glamour 褒 a.spell; enchantment b.attractiveness;allure 9.busybody 贬 a.busy person b.officious and meddlesome person 10.churl 贬 a.freeman b.boor; niggard 11.luxury 褒 a.lust b.sumptuousness 12.err 贬 a.wander b.go astray 13.chiffon 褒 a.rag b.sheer fabric of silk,etc. 14.brook 贬 a.to enjoy ; to make use of b.to endure; to tolerate 15.elocution 贬 a.style of speaking b.studied or artificial style of speaking 16.fair 贬 a.beautiful;pleasant b.moderate ; tolerable 17.sergeant 褒 a.servant b.non-commissioned officer 18.dizzy 褒 a.foolish b.vertiginous 19.inquisition 贬 a.investigation b.persecution 20.sophisticated 褒 a.overly complex or refined b.sufficiently complex or knowing 动物名称比喻人,还可转化为动词描绘人的动作,说明下列词的隐喻意义 A.动物名词 1.bull 粗壮的男子 2.butterfly 举止轻浮的人(尤指妇女) 3.cat 刁钻或居心叵测的女子 4.dove 温柔或纯真的妇女,儿童;鸽派(美国) 5.goose 傻瓜 6.hawk 掠夺成性的人;骗子;鹰派(美国) 7.jackal 为虎作伥的人;狗腿子 mb 温顺的人;小宝贝 9.lion 勇猛异常的男人 10.magpie 喋喋不休的人 11.mule 执拗或顽固的人 12.phoenix 超群出众的人 13.pig 肮脏或贪吃的人;警察猪猡 14.puss 少女或小姑娘 15.serpent 阴险的毒辣的人 16.sheep 忸怩,温驯或胆小的人 17.skunk 卑鄙可恶的人 18.sucker 容易上当受骗的人 19.swine 下流坯;鄙俗的人 20.vixen 泼妇 B.动物名称转化为动词 1.to crow over 洋洋自得 2.to ferret 搜索 3.to fish for 探求；绕弯打听 4.to gull 欺骗,使人上当 5.to hound 追逐逼迫 6.to monkey 胡闹；嘲弄；模仿 7.to parrot 机械仿效,随声附和 8.to rat 变节,告密 9.to shark 诈骗.勒索 10.to snake 蜿蜒前进；拖曳 隐喻的基础是形状,功能,褒贬的类似,据此区别以下斜体词语属哪种类型 1.the tail of a procession 形状 2.a ray of hope 功能 3.a wolf in sheep ’s clothing 贬义 4.an early bird 褒义 5.piercing sound 功能 6.a flight of fancy 功能 7.the cup of the valley 形状 8.crocodile tears 贬义 9.forks of the road 形状 10.to rivet one ’s gaze 形状 11.golden hours 褒义 12.a saddle in the mountains 形状 13.loud colours 功能 14.stony politeness 贬义 15.the mantle of darkness 功能 16.Richad the Lion-Heart 褒义 17.torments of jealousy 功能 18.the ribs of vault 形状 19.a watery style of writing 贬义 20.skyrocketing prices 形状 21.the book of time 功能 22.a loan shark 贬义 23.to bridle one ’s anger 功能 24.a smart invention 褒义 25.the head of the school 功能 26.to dive into a book 形状 27.to lend wings to someone 功能 28.a mere wisp of a girl 形状 29.the lungs of a city 形状 30.an unlicked cub 贬义 提喻是局部和整体之间的替代.判断下列A 组各词和B 组中的黑体词是局部喻整体(1)还是整体喻局部(2) 所喻意义 A1.head cattle 1 2.redbreast robin 1 3.corn maize 2 4.roof house or home 1 5.cattle cows 2 6.wheels automobiles 1 7.blade sword 1 8.cutthroat murderer 1 9.the smiling year spring 2 10.hard tails mules 1 11.to dial to telephone 1 12.fox/beaver the fur of the animal 2 B. 1.a motor trip/the motor industry 1 2.meat and drink 1 3.a mink coat 2 4.a basket of provisions 2 5.to have a word with someone 1 6.to tread a measure 2 7.All hands on deck! 1 8.The law was there in force. 2 写出下面委婉用语所代替的词 1.to refresh oneself: to eat 2.deranged: mad 3.necropolis: cemetery 4.perspiration: sweat 5.unwise: foolish 6.expectorate: spit 7.indigestion : overeating 8.inexpressibles: trousers 9nether garments: pants 10.loan-office: pawnshop 11.non-whites :blacks 12.in an interesting condition: pregnant 13public comfort station :toilet 14.deuce: devil 15Golly : God d: Lord 17prevaricate : lie id to rest: buried 19paying-guests: tenants 20.to be no more: to die 简化下列复合名词并译成汉语 1.banner headline:banner 头号标题 2.howler hat:bowler 圆顶大礼帽 3.crepe paper:crepe 绉织物(如绉绸、绉布等) 4.dandy-cart:dandy 二轮小车 5.duck egg:duck 零分 6.flashback:flash 倒叙 7.hoarfrost:hoar 白霜 8.human being:human 人 9.jacquard loom:jacquard 提花机 10.jockstrap:jock(运动员等用的)下身护体 11.porter ’s knot:knot 垫肩 12.kraft paper:kraft 牛皮纸 13.turning-lathe:lathe 车床 14.poet laureate:laureate 桂冠诗人 15.eyelid:lid 眼睑 16.linen paper:linen 亚麻纸 17.road metal:metal 碎石料 18.smelling salts:salts 嗅盐 19.sapwood:sap 白木质 20.Teddy boy:Teddy 无赖青年 指出各对同义词的本族语词 1.beak-bill 2.break -sever 3.feed -nourish 4.amity-friendship 5.prevent-hinder 6.begin -commence 7.womanly -feminine 8.wet -humid 9.solitary-lonely 10.people-folk 11.deep -profound 12.exterior-outer 13.cordial-hearty 14.dale -valley 15.have -possess 16.conceal-hid e 17deed-action 18.holy -sacred 19.give -present 20.aid-help 21.inner -interior 22.deadly -mortal 23.motherly -maternal 24.question-ask 25.masculine -manly 26.buy -purchase 27.thin -tenuous 28.earthly -terrestrial 29.royal-kingly 30.fatherly -paternal 31violin-fiddle 32.domestic-homely 33.mount-rise 34.world -universe 35.answer -reply 36.celestial -heavenly 37.vivacious-lively 38.bodily -corporal 39.brotherhood -fraternity 40.aqueous-watery 英译汉 1.Chinese cabbage 白菜 2.chinese spinach 菠菜 3.Chinese date 枣子 4.Chinese eddo 芋头 5.Chinese gooseberry 猕猴桃 6.Chinese oil 桐油 7.Chinese goose 鸿雁 8.Chinese wall 长城 9.Chinese block 木鱼 10.Chinese boxes 套盒 11.Chinese ink 墨 12.Chinese puzzle 七巧板 13.Chinese red 橙红色 14.Chinese lantern 灯笼 15.Chinese chequers 跳棋 16.Chinese calendar 农历 17.Chinese herbal medicine 中草药 18.Chinese restaurant syndrome 中国餐厅综合症 将下列科学术语译成汉语: 1、aerotrain:飞行火车 2.artificial intelligence:人工智能 3.astrobiology:太空生物学 4.barratrics:肥胖症治疗法 5.callositics:遗传分类学 6.cogeneration:废热发电 7.cosmodon:太空站 8.cryonics:人体冷冻学 9.cytoecology:细胞生态学 10.datamation:自动化数据处理 11.dysgenesis:发育不良 12.ecosphere:生态层 13.euphenics:优种学 14.exocrinology:外分泌学 15.fetology:胎儿学 16.fibre optics:纤维光学 17.hard science:硬科学(指自然科学) 18.inertia welding:惯性焊接 rmation retrieval:信息检索 unch vehicle:运载火箭 21.linear algebra:线性代数 22.macroinstruction:宏观指令 23.marsquake:火星地震 24.microprocessor:微型电脑 25.neonatology:新生儿生理学 26.nerve agent:神经毒剂 27.oncogenicity:致癌性 28.parameter:参数,参量 29.photobotany:光植物学 30.planetology:行星学 31.plasma physics:等离子物理学 32.quantum chemistry:量子化学 33.retro-rocketry:制动火箭学 34.revascularization:换血管术 35.saucerman:外太空人 36.sealab:海底实验室 37.selenodesy:月面测量学 38.test-tube baby:试管婴儿 39.thermal breeder-reactor:热增殖反应堆 40.videophone:电视电话 将下列新复合词译成汉语: 1.after-sale service:售后服务 2.apartment complex:公寓建筑群 3.arm wrestling:扳手腕 4.bad-mouth:恶意中伤 5.bait-and switch:“上钩掉包”诱售法的 6.beam weapon:激光束武器 7.bed-in:露宿示威 8.body language:身势语 9.bubble top:(汽车)透明防弹圆罩 10.buzz word:时髦词语 11.convenient food:方便食品 12.cruise missile:巡航导弹 13.cup-tied:参加优胜杯决赛的 14.dark comedy:黑色喜剧 15.data bank:数据库 16.day-care:日托的 17.diet pill:减肥丸 18.dunk shot:篮球塞射(砸篮) 19.family planning:计划生育 20.flick-knife:弹簧折刀 21.floor exercise:自由体操 22.free-associate:自由联想 23.happy hour:(酒吧)减价供应饮料的时间 24.honey wagon:垃圾车 25.hot-dog:太棒了 26.man-on-man:(球赛)人盯人 27.overhead walkway:行人大桥 28.pop-top/ring pull:易拉罐 29.pop wine:果味甜酒 30.rent strike:集体抗租 31.retort pouch:软装罐头 32.shunpike:驾车走支路 33.sick-out:集体托病怠工 34.shinny-dip:裸泳 35.sober-up:解酒的 36.space talk:宇航术语 37.spy-in-the-sky:侦查卫星 38.talk show/chat show:名人现场采访节目 39.value-added tax:增值税 40.vanity surgery:美容外科 将下列各词的英式拼写改为美式拼写: 1.draught: draft 2.plough: plow 3.litre: liter 4.offence: offense 5.pyjamas: pajamas 6.cheque: check 7.flyer: flier 8.scepticism: skepticism 9.harbour:harbor 10.ensure: insure 11.cosy: cozy 12.manoeuvre: maneuver 13.civilise: civilize 14.anaemic: anemic 15.gaol:jail 16.inflexion: inflection 17.moustache: mustache 18.oesophagus: esophagus 19.queue: cue 20.shew: show 将下列各词的英式拼写简化为美式拼写: 1.counsellor:counselor 2.remould: remold 3.axe: ax 4.cigarette: cigaret 5.jewellery:jewelry 6.omelette: omelet 7.storey: story 8.good-bye: good-by 9.speciality: specialty 10.towards: toward 11.waggon: wagon 12.catalogue: catalog 13.aluminium: aluminum 14.levelled: leveled 15.moult:molt 16.programme: program 17.judgement: judgment 18.licence: license 19.amidst: amid 20.practice,practise: practice 用一个英语单词代替下列成语: 1.of one’s own accord: voluntarily 2.exchange blows with: fight 3.get away: escape 4.on the nail: immediately 5.play false: betray 6.a slap in the face: insult 7.in a body: collectively 8.make head or tail of: understand 9.behind the times: unfashionable e across: discover 11.under false colours: falsely 12.make away with: destroy 13.from time to time: occasionally 14.call on :visit 15.neither rhyme nor reason:nonsense 16.throw cold water on: discourage 17.by the way: incidentally 18.by word of mouth: verbally 19.lord and master: husband 20.behind closed doors: privately 将下列名词性成语译成汉语: 1.the ace of trumps:主要的王牌,最有力的理由或要据. 2.an apple of discord:争端,祸根 3.the apple of one ’s eye:珍爱的人或东西 4.a beast of burden:驮畜 5.a bed of roses:称心如意个环境 6.a bird of passage:候鸟,漂泊不定的人 7.a fish out of water:不适应环境的人 8.a Jack of all trades 杂而不精的人 9.the lion ’s share:最大的一份 10.a lion in the tongue:拦路虎(尤指臆想的危难) 11.a slip of the tongue:口误。