语言学样题

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语言学试题11套

第一部份选择题I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.A、 prescriptiveB、 sociolinguisticC、 descriptiveD、 psycholinguistic2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A、 mouthB、 lipsC、 tongueD、 vocal cords3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.A、 bound morphemeB、 bound formC、 inflectional morphemeD、 free morpheme4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A、 coordinatorB、 particleC、 prepositionD、 subordinator5、"Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."A、 is synonymous withB、 is inconsistent withC、 entailsD、 presupposes6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the wayspeakers interpret sentences is called ___.A、 semanticsB、 pragmaticsC、 sociolinguisticsD、 psycholinguistics7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization.A、 elaborationB、 simplificationC、 external borrowingD、 internal borrowing8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A、 Lingua francaB、 CreoleC、 PidginD、 Standard language9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .A、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrusB、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neuronsD、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally indaily communicative situations.A、 learningB、 competenceC、 performanceD、 acquisition第二部份非选择题II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note thatyou are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k of the rules of his language.12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, ,they are all b .13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure ofwords and the rules by which words are formed.14、A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command.15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c synonyms.16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker tosomething's being the case, to the truth of what has been said.17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c .18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he's),Black English can d the form of "be".19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for first language acquisition.20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why youthink so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)()21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is givenmore emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English.()23、The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meaningsof its components.()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.()25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialectssuch as British English and American English but cannot be found withinthe variety itself, for example, within British English or AmericanEnglish. ()26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversationalimplicatures arise.()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spokentoday also includes languages that are not Indo-European.()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech situations known as domains.()29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,speakers' perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.()30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their firstlanguage.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×10=30%)31、duality32、diachronic linguistics33、broad transcription34、morphological rules35、phrase structure rule36、relational opposites37、componential analysis38、context39、euphemism40、brain lateralizationV. Answer t he following questions. (10%×2=20%)41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in English for illustration.42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition ofa second language.英语语言学试题（1）参考答案一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每题2分，共20分）1、C2、C3、D4、D5、D6、B7、B8、C9、A 10、D二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分）11、knowledge12、bilabial13、morphology14、sentence15、complete16、representatives17、coinage18、delete19、critical20、interlanguage三、判定改错题（本大题共10小题，每题2分，共20分）21、FActually modern linguistics lays more emphasis on the spoken form of language than the written form for a number of reasons.22、FVoicing distinguishes meaning in English but not in Chinese.23、FThe meaning of some compound words has nothing to do with the sum total of the meanings of their components, such as the compound "redcoat".24、FApart from S and C, they also refer to a word, or a phrase that performs a particular grammatical function.25、FDialectal synonyms can often be found not only in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but also within the variety itself. For example, within British English, "girl" is called "lassie" in Scottish dialect, and "liquor" is called "whishey" in Irish dialect.26、T27、T28、FThey have a fairly clear fairly clear functional differentiation, . one language may be used in some domains, other language in other domains.29、FThe true statement is "According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, language determines speakers' perceptions and patterns their way of life"30、T四、名词说明题（本大题共10小题，每题3分，共30分）31、One of the major defining features of human language. Human language consists of two levels. At the lower level, there are a limited number of sounds which are meaningless while at the higher level there are an unlimited number of combinations of these sounds. It is also known as double articulation.32、Linguistics that studies language over a period of time, also known as historical linguistics, study of the Chinese language since the end of the Qing dynasty up to the present.33、A way to transcribe speech sounds. The basic principle is to use one letter to indicate one sound. It is generally used in dictionaries and language teaching textbooks.34、The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word, can be added to a noun to form an adjective.35、a rewrite rule that allows for the possible combinations of words to form phrases and sentences36、Relational opposites, a kind of antonyms, refer to pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items. For example, "husband" and "wife", "father" and "son" etc.37、Componential analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. The approach is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. For example, the word "man" is analyzed as comprising of +HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+MALE.38、Context is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speaker and the hearer, For example, the knowledge of the language used and the knowledge of the world, including the general knowledge about the world and the specific knowledge about the situation in which linguistic communication is taking place.39、A euphemism is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expression that replaces a taboo word or serves to avoid more direct wording that might be harsh, unpleasantly direct, or offensive, . "pass away" for "die".40、Brain lateralization refers to the localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain. For example, the right hemisphere processes stimuli more holistically and the left hemisphere more analytically. In most people, the left hemisphere has primary responsibility for language, while the right hemisphere controls visual and spatial skills.五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每题10分，共20分）41、The inventory of sounds can change, and sound changes include changes in vowel sounds, sound loss, sound addition, and sound movement.1) Vowel sound change: English has undergone the systematic and regular change in the vowel sounds, known as the Great Vowel shift which occurred at the end of the Middle English period and which involved seven long, or tense vowels. These changes led to one of the major discrepancies between the phonemic representations of words and morphemes, . between pronunciation and the spelling system of Modern English, /fi:v/(Middle English)→ /faiv/(Modern English)2) Sound loss: Sounds can change by the loss of phonemes. In the history of English the velar fricative /x/ was lost. This sound existed in Old English, so "night" was pronounced as /nixt/, but in Modern English, its pronunciation is /nait/.3) Sound addition: Sound addition includes the gain or insertion of a sound. For example, the word leisure was borrowed from French, so the phoneme /3/ was added to the inventory of English sounds. A change that involves the insertion of a consonant or vowel sound to the middle of a word is known as epenthesis,4) Sound movement: Sound change as a result of sound movement known as metathesis involves a reversal in position of two adjoining sound segments. Metathesis is less common, but it does exist. In some dialects of English, for example, the word ask is pronounced /? ks/. Also, bridd ("bird") is an Old English word. When metathesis occurred to this word, the movement of /r/ sound to the right of the vowel sound resulted in its Modern English counterpart "bird".评分标准：总分值为10分，总论及四小点各占2分。

语言学考试题库及答案

语言学考试题库及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言的最小意义单位是：A. 音素B. 词C. 语素D. 短语答案：C2. 语言学中，研究语言的结构和规律的学科是：A. 社会语言学B. 心理语言学C. 应用语言学D. 结构语言学答案：D3. 语言的语音系统包括：A. 音位和音节B. 音素和音节C. 音素和音位D. 音节和音位答案：C4. 下列哪个选项不是语言的交际功能？A. 表达情感B. 传递信息C. 娱乐消遣D. 记录历史答案：D5. 语言的词汇系统包括：A. 基本词汇和一般词汇B. 基本词汇和古语词汇C. 一般词汇和古语词汇D. 基本词汇和新词新义答案：D6. 语言的语法系统主要研究：A. 词的构成B. 句子的构成C. 词和句子的构成D. 词、短语和句子的构成答案：D7. 语言的语用功能主要研究：A. 语言的形式B. 语言的意义C. 语言的使用D. 语言的演变答案：C8. 语言的修辞功能主要涉及：A. 语言的准确性B. 语言的清晰性C. 语言的生动性D. 语言的逻辑性答案：C9. 语言的演变主要受到哪些因素的影响？A. 社会变迁B. 技术进步C. 人口迁移D. 所有以上因素答案：D10. 语言的标准化通常包括：A. 语音标准化B. 词汇标准化C. 语法标准化D. 所有以上因素答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言是一种__________的社会现象。

答案：符号系统2. 语言的语音单位包括音素、音节和__________。

答案：音位3. 语言的词汇系统由__________词汇和一般词汇构成。

答案：基本4. 语言的语法单位包括词、短语和__________。

答案：句子5. 语言的交际功能包括表达思想、传递信息、__________和娱乐消遣。

答案：表达情感6. 语言的语用功能主要研究语言的__________和语境的关系。

答案：使用7. 语言的修辞功能主要涉及语言的__________和表达效果。

语言学试题及答案

语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言的最小意义单位是：A. 音素B. 词C. 语素D. 句子答案：C2. 以下哪个选项属于语言的词汇变化？A. 词义的扩展B. 词义的缩小C. 词义的转移D. 以上都是答案：D3. 语言学中，研究语言的生理基础的分支学科是：A. 语音学B. 社会语言学C. 神经语言学D. 心理语言学答案：C4. 语言的语法结构中，句子的基本单位是：A. 词B. 短语C. 从句D. 句子答案：A5. 以下哪个选项不属于语言的交际功能？A. 表达情感B. 传递信息C. 娱乐消遣D. 记录历史答案：D6. 语言学中，研究语言在社会中如何使用和变化的分支学科是：A. 社会语言学B. 历史语言学C. 心理语言学D. 神经语言学答案：A7. 语言的语用学研究的是：A. 语言的物理属性B. 语言的社会属性C. 语言的意义和使用D. 语言的历史发展答案：C8. 以下哪个选项是语言的语音变化？A. 音位的变化B. 音节的变化C. 音素的变化D. 以上都是答案：D9. 语言学中，研究语言与思维关系的分支学科是：A. 心理语言学B. 社会语言学C. 神经语言学D. 认知语言学答案：D10. 以下哪个选项是语言的词汇创新？A. 新词的产生B. 旧词的消失C. 词义的演变D. 以上都是答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言的音位变化通常包括音位的______、______和______。

答案：增加、减少、替换2. 语言的词汇变化可以通过______、______和______等方式实现。

答案：创造新词、借用外来词、词义演变3. 语言的语法结构中，______是构成句子的基本单位。

答案：词4. 语言的交际功能包括______、______和______等。

答案：表达思想、传递信息、表达情感5. 语言学中，______是研究语言的物理属性的分支学科。

答案：语音学6. 语言的语用学关注的是语言的______和______。

语言学考试题库及答案

语言学考试题库及答案一、选择题1. 语言学研究的核心对象是什么？A. 语言的起源B. 语言的结构C. 语言的演变D. 语言的使用答案：B2. 下列哪一项不是语言的组成部分？A. 语音B. 语法C. 语义D. 逻辑答案：D3. 索绪尔将语言符号分为哪两个部分？A. 符号和意义B. 能指和所指C. 语音和语义D. 形式和内容答案：B二、填空题1. 语言是______的，它由______和______构成。

答案：符号系统；形式；内容2. 语言的______功能是指人们通过语言进行交流的能力。

答案：交流3. 语言的______功能是指语言能够表达思想和情感的能力。

答案：表达三、简答题1. 简述语言和言语的区别。

答案：语言是指一种抽象的符号系统，它包括语音、语法、语义等规则和结构；言语则是指个人使用语言进行交流的具体行为。

2. 描述索绪尔的“能指”和“所指”概念。

答案：索绪尔认为语言符号由“能指”和“所指”两部分组成。

“能指”指的是语言符号的声音形式，而“所指”指的是符号所代表的概念或意义。

四、论述题1. 论述语言的任意性原则及其对语言学习和教学的影响。

答案：语言的任意性原则指的是语言符号的声音形式和它所代表的概念之间没有必然的联系。

这一原则对语言学习和教学有着深远的影响，因为它意味着学习者需要记忆每个符号的声音和意义之间的联系，而不能依赖于逻辑或直观的关联。

这对语言教学提出了挑战，要求教师设计有效的教学方法来帮助学生记忆和理解这些任意的联系。

2. 分析语言的交际功能及其在现代社会中的重要性。

答案：语言的交际功能是指语言作为交流工具，使人们能够传递信息、表达情感和进行社会互动。

在现代社会，随着全球化和信息技术的发展，语言的交际功能变得尤为重要。

有效的沟通能够促进国际合作、文化交流和商业交易，同时也有助于解决社会冲突和增进理解。

因此，掌握一门或多门语言对于个人和社会的发展至关重要。

语言学考试试题

语言学考试试题一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学是研究什么的学科？A. 人类行为B. 人类语言C. 人类文化D. 人类思维2. 下列哪项不是语言学的主要分支？A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 修辞学D. 化学3. “Phoneme”一词在语言学中指的是什么？A. 一个单词B. 一个音节C. 一个音位D. 一个字母4. 语言的“双重性质”指的是什么？A. 文化和交际B. 口语和书面语C. 语言和方言D. 规则性和创造性5. 下列哪项是语言的“功能”？A. 语言的起源B. 语言的演变C. 语言的社会作用D. 语言的书写系统6. “Transformational-generative grammar”是由哪位语言学家提出的？A. 诺姆·乔姆斯基B. 费迪南·德·索绪尔C. 罗曼·雅各布森D. 列昂纳德·布卢姆菲尔德7. 语音学中的“最小对立对”是指什么？A. 两个不同语言的单词B. 两个不同发音的音节C. 两个只有一处发音不同的单词D. 两个不同语义的单词8. 在语言学中，“语用学”研究的是：A. 语言的发音B. 语言的意义C. 语言的使用D. 语言的书写9. 下列哪项是“形态学”研究的内容？A. 语言的声音B. 语言的形态变化C. 语言的词汇D. 语言的句法结构10. “Dialect”一词在语言学中指的是：A. 一种语言的变体B. 一种语言的方言C. 一种语言的书面形式D. 一种语言的古语形式二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 语言学的符号具有_______和_______两个层面。

12. 语言的“任意性”原则是由_______提出的。

13. 语音学中的“音位对立”是指在特定语言环境下，两个音位可以_______。

14. 语言学中的“深层结构”和“表层结构”是_______理论中的概念。

15. “Parole”和“langue”是_______提出的两个重要术语。

语言学考试试卷

语言学考试试卷一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言的最小意义单位是：A. 词B. 音节C. 音素D. 语素2. 语言的交际功能不包括：A. 表达思想B. 传递信息C. 艺术表现D. 记忆存储3. 以下哪个不是语言的变体？A. 方言B. 行话C. 语言D. 术语4. 语言的音系学研究的是：A. 语言的音位系统B. 语言的语法规则C. 语言的词汇D. 语言的语用5. 语言的词汇学研究的是：A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的意义C. 词汇的发音D. A和B6. 以下哪个是语言的语法结构？A. 词序B. 词形变化C. 句法结构D. A、B和C7. 语言的语用学研究的是：A. 语言的语境B. 语言的交际效果C. 语言的交际策略D. A、B和C8. 以下哪个是社会语言学研究的内容？A. 语言的地域差异B. 语言的社会阶层差异C. 语言的性别差异D. A、B和C9. 语言的演化不包括：A. 语言的扩散B. 语言的简化C. 语言的复杂化D. 语言的消失10. 以下哪个是语言习得的关键期？A. 婴儿期B. 儿童期C. 青春期D. 成年期二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. 语言是一种______，它是人类用来交流思想和信息的工具。

12. 语言学中的“同音异义词”指的是发音相同但意义不同的词，例如英语中的“lead”（领导）和“lead”（铅）。

13. 语言的______是语言中最小的可以独立使用的意义单位。

14. 语言的______是指语言在不同社会群体中的使用差异。

15. 语言的______是指语言在不同地理区域中的使用差异。

三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）16. 请简述语言的交际功能。

17. 描述语言学中“语境”的概念及其重要性。

四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）18. 论述语言的音系学和音韵学的区别和联系。

19. 论述社会语言学研究的意义和应用领域。

五、案例分析题（共20分）20. 某地区有A、B两种方言，A方言的使用者主要在城市，B方言的使用者主要在农村。

语言学理论试题及答案

语言学理论试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的主要研究对象是什么？A. 语言的起源B. 语言的结构C. 语言的使用D. 语言的演变答案：B2. 下列哪项不是索绪尔提出的语言学基本概念？A. 语言符号B. 语言系统C. 语言功能D. 语言的任意性答案：C3. 乔姆斯基的生成语法理论主张语言能力是：A. 后天习得的B. 先天存在的C. 社会约定的D. 个人创造的答案：B4. 语言的“深层结构”和“表层结构”的概念是由谁提出的？A. 索绪尔B. 乔姆斯基C. 布隆菲尔德D. 哈里斯答案：B5. 语言的“同义异构”现象是指：A. 同一意义的不同表达方式B. 不同意义的相同表达方式C. 同一表达方式的不同意义D. 不同表达方式的相同意义答案：A6. 语言的“语境”指的是：A. 语言的内部结构B. 语言的外部环境C. 语言的使用者D. 语言的规则答案：B7. 语言的“语域”通常指的是：A. 语言的地域分布B. 语言的交际场合C. 语言的历史发展D. 语言的语法规则答案：B8. 语言的“语用学”研究的是：A. 语言的发音B. 语言的意义C. 语言的用法D. 语言的演变答案：C9. 语言的“语料库”是指：A. 语言的数据库B. 语言的规则集C. 语言的样本集D. 语言的词汇表答案：C10. 语言的“方言”是指：A. 同一语言的不同变体B. 不同语言的相似形式C. 同一语言的相同形式D. 不同语言的相同变体答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的四大分支包括语音学、语法学、语义学和______。

答案：语用学2. 语言的“能指”指的是语言符号的______部分，而“所指”指的是语言符号的______部分。

答案：形式；意义3. 语言的“同音词”是指发音相同但______不同的词。

答案：意义4. 语言的“词缀”是指可以附加在词根上的______或______。

答案：前缀；后缀5. 语言的“句法”研究的是词、短语和句子的______。

语言学样题及答案

I. Directions : Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1. Linguistics is the scientific study of ____C___.A. a particular languageB. the English languageC. human languages in generalD. the system of a particular language2. The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: ___B____.A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless清音, labiodental唇齿音, fricative摩擦音C. voiced, bilabial双唇音, stop闭塞音D. voiced浊音, labiodental, fricative3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" is known as a(n) ___C____.A. derivational morpheme 派生词素B. free morpheme 自由词素C. inflectional morpheme 屈折词素D. free form 自由形态5. "I bought some roses" ____A___ "I bought some flowers".A. entailsB. presupposesC. is inconsistent with 不符合D. is synonymous with 与同义6. Y's utterance说话方式in the following conversation exchange violates 违犯冒犯the maxim of ___C_____.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, ____C___, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed外来词, added, lost or altered改变.A. phrases 短语B. sentencesC. morphemes 词素D. utterances 话语8. Predication analysis 预测分析is a way to analyze ___D__ meaning.A. phonemeB. wordC. phraseD. sentence9.According to Searle，those illocutionary acts言外行为whose point is to commit承诺the speaker to some future course of action are called __A __.A. commisives 承诺类B. directives 指令类C. expressives 表达类D. declaratives 宣告类18. The famous quotation from Shakespeare’s play “Romeo and Juliet” ‘A rose by any othername would smell as sweet’ well illustrates __A_.A. the conventional 传统性nature of languageB. the creative nature of languageC. the universality of language 普遍性D. the arbitrariness of language19. Of the following sound combinations，only ___A____ is permissible 可允许的according to thesequential rules in English.A. kiblB. bkilC. ilkbD. ilbk20. Syntax句法学is the study of___B_____。

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A. language functionsB. sentence structureC. textual organizationD. word formation21. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature区别性特征of human language? DA. ArbitrarinessB. ProductivityC. Cultural transmissionD. Finiteness 有限性22. The speech act theory 言语行为理论was first put forward by BA. J ohn SearleB. John AustinC. Noam ChomskyD.M.A.K Halliday23. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion 概念观念of DA. r eferenceB. meaningC. antonymyD. context24. The words “kid, child, offspring后代、子孙” are examples of BA. d ialectal synonyms 方言的同义词B. stylistic synonymsC. emotive synonyms 情绪化的同义词D. collocational synonyms25. The distinction between parole言语and langue语言was made by DA. H allidayB. ChomskyC. BloomfieldD. Saussure26. _____ refers to the study of the internal内在的、本质structure of words and the rules of the word formation.A. PhonologyB. MorphologyC. SemanticsD. Sociolinguistics27. The distinctive features of a speech variety言语变体may be all the following EXCEPTA. lexicalB. syntacticC. phonologicalD. Psycholinguistic 心理语言学28. The word tail once referred to the “the tail of a horse马尾”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal”. This is an example ofA. widening of meaningB. narrowing of meaningC. meaning shiftD. loss of meaning29. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?A. ArbitrarinessB. Displacement.C. DualityD. Diachronicity30. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”?A. A simple sentenceB. A coordinate sentence 并列句C. A complex sentenceD, None of the above31. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is calledA. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. homonymy32. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is______.A. corpus linguistics 语料库语言学B. sociolinguisticsC. theoretical linguistics 理论语言学D. Psycholinguistics33. A special language variety that mixes languages 混合语言and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called____.A. dialect 方言B. idiolect 个人语型C. pidginD. Register 语域34. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing_____.A. an illocutionary act 言外行为B. a perlocutionary act 言后行为C. a locutionary act 言内行为D. none of the above35. ________ refers to the learning and development of a language.A. Language acquisition 语言习得B. Language comprehension 语言理解C. Language production 语言生成D. Language instruction 语言教学36. The word “Motel” comes from “motor + hotel”. This is an example of ________ in morphology.A. backformation 逆生词法B. conversion 转换法C. blending 混拼词D. acronym 首字母缩略词37. Language is t tool of communication. The symbol “Highway Closed” on a highway servesA. an expressive function 表达功能B. an informative function. 信息功能C. a performative function 表演功能D. a persuasive function 有说服力的功能38. ＿＿is defined as the study of the relationship between language and mind.A. semanticsB. pragmaticsC. cognitive linguistics 认知语言学D. sociolinguistics39. A vowel is different from a consonant辅音in English because ofA. absence of obstruction 没有阻塞B. presence of obstruction 存在梗塞C. manner of articulation 发音方法D. place of articulation 发音部位40. The definition “the act of using, or promoting the use of, several languages, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers” refers toA. PidginB. Creole克里奥尔语C. Multilingualism 多语制D. Bilingualism 习用两种语言41. In English if a word begins with a ［l］or a ［r］, then the neat sound must be a vowel. This is a(n)A. assimilation rule 通化规则B. sequential rule 序列规则C. deletion rule 省略规则D. grammar rule42. Which of the following is an example of clipping?A. APEC.B. Motel.C. Xerox.D. Disco.43. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular type of situation is calledA. registerB. dialectC. slangD. varietyⅡ. Decide whether the following statements are True(T) or False(F). (20 points, 1 point each)1. Historical linguistics is a synochronic study of language. F2. The phatic交流感情的function can often be entirely完全地personal and totally without any implication含意of communication to others. F3. "Deal" is phonetically transcribed转录as [di: ?]. T4. Phonology is concerned with speech production and speech perception领悟认识能力. F5.The word "bridge" to mean a method of playing cards is a loanshift词变异from Italian. T6.The English syllable音节may have as many as four consonants in the coda position结尾位置. T7.In the example: “He couldn’t open the door. It was locked tight”, the relation between “the door” and “It” is th at of reference. T8. Positional relations are a manifestation证明of one aspect of “PARADIGMATIC RELATIONS聚合关系” observed by F. de Saussure. In some elementary 基本的linguistic textbooks, they are also called HORIZONTAL RELATIONS横向关系or simply CHAIN RELATIONS 链关系. F9. Ogden and Richards argue that the relation between a word and thing it refers to is not direct. T10. Gradable antonymy层级性反义词is the sense relation between two antonyms which differ in terms of degree while complementaryantonymy is the sense relation between two antonyms which are complementary互补性to each other. T11. Speech act theory言语行为理论is in fact a theory of the illocutionary act言外行为. T12. A speaker flouts轻视the Maxim of Quantity数量规则when his contributions to the conversation are not truthful. F13. A lot of issues in psycholinguistics are controversial有争议性的. T14. When Mr. Goodell said 'I've had enough dumbbells哑铃in my office'(p. 168), he meant he had some weights in his office for practicing strength练习强度. F15. 'Foregrounding'前台操作前台设制refers to specific linguistic devices, i.e., deviation偏差and parallelism平行类似, which are used in literary texts. T16. CALL refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language. T17. In his standard theory标准理论, N. Chomsky gave up the terms of "deep structure" and "surface structure". F18.Nowadays in the literature, the term “contrastive analysis对比分析” is gradually been replaced by “the study of cross-linguistic influences跨语言的影响”. T19. In cross-cultural communication跨文化交际, when people have trouble and do not know how to behave correctly, they tend to turn to their source culture for help. This is a strategy策略often used by communicators传播者in a new cultural setting, while it may not alwayswork. T20. It is indeed necessary to reconsider重新讨论how much we, as human beings, really understand about the nature of language and its role in our life. T21. Historical linguistics历史语言学is a synochronic study of language. F22.Ogden and Richards argue that the relation between a word and thing it refers to is not direct. T23. Gradable antonymy is the sense relation between two antonyms which differ in terms of degree while complementary antonymy is the sense relation between two antonyms which are complementary to each other. T24. A speaker flouts the Maxim of Quantity when his contributions to the conversation are not truthful. F25. There is only one argument in the sentence “Children play basketball.” F26. Of the views concerning the study of semantics, the contextual view, which places the study of meaning in the context in which language is used, is often considered as the initial effort to study meaning in a pragmatic sense.T27. Language is the unique 独特的possession所有物财产of human beings. F28. Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general. F29. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningfulsentences. F30. Traditional grammar lays emphasis on correctness正确性, linguistic excellence, the use of Latin models and the priority优先性of the spoken language. TⅢ. Briefly answer the following questions.1. What are the design features of language? Can you list the main features?P8It refers to the defining properties性质of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication.语言识别特征是指人类语言区别与其他任何动物的交际体系的限定性特征。