【考研】否定结构的翻译
考研英语长难句中的否定

考研英语长难句中的否定否定并不是考研英语中高频的考点,但是却是难点之一。
否定的错误理解,导致了整个句子的错误翻译,是非常常见的。
实用英语语法英语中的否定句1)一般否定句I don…t know this. No news is good news. There is no person /not a person/not any person in the house.2)特指否定He went to his office,not to see him. I am sorry for not coming on time. I don…t think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.3)部分否定I don…t know all of them. I can‟t see everybody/everything. All the answers are not right.(并非所有答案都对。
)All is not gold that glitters. (闪光的不一定都是金子。
)Both of them are not right.(并非两人都对。
)4)全体否定None of my friends smoke. I can see nothing/nobody. Nothing can be so simple as this. Neither of them is right.5)延续否定You didn…t see him,neither/nor did I. You don‟t know,I don…t know either. He doesn‟t know English,let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of French.6)半否定句We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing. I know little English. I saw few people.7)双重否定You can…t make something out of nothing. What‟s done cannot be undone. There is no sweet without sweat. No gain without pains. I can…t help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it. No man is so old but (that)he can learn.8)排除否定Everyone is ready except you. He did nothing but play. But for your help,I couldn…t do it.9)加强否定I won…t do it at all. I can‟t see it any more. He is no longer a boy那么在否定中最难的就是双重否定和否定转移。
考研英语否定句型翻译技巧

It is not my thought that he can finish the work within a week.我认为他不可能在一周内完成这项工作。
(四)主句的否定转换为从句的否定 She You
did not come because she wanted to see me.她并非 因为想见我才来。 should not despise him because he is young.你不应 该因为他年轻就轻视他。
考研英语否定句型翻译技巧
张白桦
1.否定成分的转译 2.形式否定但意义肯定 3.形式肯定但意义否定
4.双重否定
1.否定成分的转译
(一)否定主语转换为否定谓语 No
energy can be created, and none destroyed.能量既不 能创造,也不能毁灭。 plan is practicable.两个方案都行不通。
The
The
boy has become very insolent and it is more than his parents can bear. 这男孩变得非常无礼,到了他父母 都不能忍受的地步。
(二)have
yet to do…结构 have yet to do…结构表示否定 意义,相当于have not yet done…,常常翻译为“还没 有”。 have yet to learn the new skill. 我没有学那项新技术。 (might) as well…结构 may (might) as well…结构 表示否定意义,常常翻译为“还不如”。 is still raining hard outside; we may as well stay here over the night. 外面依然在下大雨,我们还不如呆在这里 过夜呢。
考研英语英译汉翻译技巧(5)否定的翻译

考研英语英译汉翻译技巧(5)否定的翻译
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考研英语英译汉翻译技巧(5)否定的翻译
考生在做考研英语英译汉题目时,应首先把这篇四百字左右的短文当作泛读题看一遍,主要是对全文的大意、段落之间的关系有所了解。
在不影响对文章主旨的理解的情况下,若有不懂的句子大可不必在意。
下一步考生可以逐句地对五个划线部分的句子精读一番,下面是全部否定、部分否定的翻译技巧。
考研英语中的否定有其特有的形式,在研究生入学考试的`英译汉翻译中要特别重视被表达的意思是全部否定、部分否定、还是双重否定以及有没有否定转移的现象。
(1)否定转移:
The object did not move because I pushed on it.
The object moved not because I pushed on it.
两句话的意思都是:该物体的移动不是因为我的推动所致。
(第一句里有否定转移)
We did not build institutes of technology to educate our boys for export.
译文:我们成立理工学院不是为了培养学生日后出国。
(2)部分否定:
具有全体意义的词如all, every, both, always 等用于否定结构时,不表示全体否定,只表示其中一部分被否定。
不能译做"一切都不…",而应当译成"并非一切…都是"
All is not gold that glitters.闪光的东西并不一定是金子。
(谚语)
I do not like both of the books.这两本书我并不都喜欢。
英译汉技巧之一—否定句式

翻译技巧论
She is not a dancer./She is no dancer. It is not an easy task./It is no easy task. It is not a joke. /It is no joke. 一、完全否定 There is no denying the facts. None of the answers are right. Matter can neither be created nor be destroyed. He has nothing to do with the matter. This material is no more elastic than that one.
One does not live to eat, but eats to live. We are not here to interfere, nor are we here to be anyone’s whipping boy. I have not come to China to forth on what divides us but to build on what binds us. I don’t think you have paid for it yet. We don’t believe he will agree with you. It doesn’t seem that we can get our money back. It isn’t likely that oil prices will fall this year.
二、部分否定 All that glitters is not gold. Each side of the street is not clean. Both of the buildings are not big. Every word is not known. I do not want everything. He is not always at home on Sundays. I do not wholly agree with you. This kind of trees cannot be seen everywhere.
英语否定句翻译技巧

英语中的否定形式非常灵活,是一个常见而又较复杂的问题,被认为是英语学习者的一大难点。
有的句子在在形式上是肯定而实质上却是否定,有的则形式上是否定而实质上是肯定,这给学生的理解和翻译造成了很大的困难。
翻译否定句,首先要弄清楚否定结构用法的特点,否则就容易出错。
英语中的否定可分为明否定(包括全部否定、部分否定和双重否定)和暗否定(即含蓄否定)。
这里就以上提到的几种否定结构谈谈翻译上的技巧:一、全部否定(Complete Negation)全部否定是指将句子否定对象加以全盘、彻底地否定。
常用的全部否定词与习惯用语有:not,no,none,never,nobody,nothing,neither…nor,nowhere,no one,etc. 只要使用上述否定词,都是具有全部否定意义的句子。
翻译成中文时,一般把全部否定词照翻即可。
例:He is not a translator.他不是翻译。
This problem is so difficult that none of us can solve it.这个问题太难,我们当中没人能解决。
※需要注意的是,根据句子的意思和中文习惯否定成分有时会发生转换,即否定转移现象。
由think,reckon,consider,feel,believe,hope,suppose,expect,fancy,fear,trust等构成的否定句,形式上否定主句的谓语,而意义上否定从句的谓语。
英译汉时,要把否定转移到从句上。
I don’t think that he can operate the new electronic computer.我认为他不会操作这台新型电子计算机。
I don’t imagine that taxes will be reduced this year.我认为今年不会降低税收。
二、部分否定(Partian Negation)部分否定在英语句子中是对some,all,both,every,many,much,always,often等词的否定,不论否定词“ not”放在这些词的前面,还是同句中谓语一起构成否定式谓语,都属于部分否定。
否定结构 句法结构

否定结构句法结构
1. 否定副词结构:他不会来参加会议。
2. 否定形容词结构:这个问题并不简单。
3. 否定动词结构:我没有做任何错误的事情。
4. 否定介词结构:她没有去过中国。
5. 否定代词结构:没有人知道答案。
6. 否定连词结构:虽然他努力了很多,但他并没有取得成功。
7. 否定分词结构:他对这个计划表示不满意。
8. 否定状语从句结构:尽管天气很糟糕,但他并没有取消比赛。
9. 否定动词不定式结构:我不愿意去那个地方。
10. 否定名词结构:这个问题没有解决方案。
这些句法结构可以在文章中使用,以增加句子的多样性和表达的准确性。
通过使用不同的否定结构,可以更好地表达否定的含义,并使句子更具逻辑性和说服力。
同时,要注意使用正确的否定形式,避免歧义和错误信息的出现。
英文否定结构的汉译

第11讲英文否定结构的汉译1. 双重否定结构1) 译为肯定(1) Nothing has been done that can’t be done better.(2) God never closes a door without opening another one.(3) The star can’t go anywhere without being the center of attention.(4) In our work it’s nothing unusual to be confronted with failures.2) 译为双重否定(1) There exists no language or dialect in the world that can’t convey complex ideas.(2) The works of poets serve no other purpose than revealing the truth and meaning of life.(3) Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US.(4) Modern society cannot do well without the contribution that women can make in the professions and other kinds of work.2. 特殊的双重否定结构1) but引导定语从句(1) With the introduction of the electronic computer, there is no complicated problem but can be solved in a few hours.(2) There is no fact, however trivial, but may prove useful in some way or other if carefully interpreted.(3) There is not a worm we tread upon, nor a leaf that dances merrily as it falls but calls for our study and admiration.2) but引导状语从句(1)It never rains but we have a flood.(2)He never passes his old house but he thinks of the happy years he spent there.(3) Nothing is so secret but it may be discovered.(4) There is no man so learned but he can learn something from the book.3. 否定转移结构(1) A high exe cutive doesn’t have a large vocabulary merely because of the opportunities of his position.(2) Two systems are not necessarily identical, or even very similar because they have some properties in common.(3) They do not conduct the dangerous experiment to serve their private interest.(4) We did not build institutes of technology to educate our young people for export.(5) He has never mixed with them or spoken to them on equal terms.(6) Mozart was not an accomplished pianist at the age of eight as the result of spending his days in front of a television set.(7) All are not thieves that dogs bark at.(8) Everyone is happy, but everyone does not know it.4. 伪否定结构(1) I couldn’t have performed worse.(2) They could not have been more wrong.(3) One cannot see too many summer sunrises on the Mississippi. They are enchanting.(4) No sacrifice is too great in order that the child can have whatever he needs to become a musician.(5) A book may be compared to the company you keep; if it is good, you cannot keep it too long; if bad, you cannot get rid of it too early.。
2017考研英语常见7种否定形式怎么翻译

2017考研英语常见7种否定形式怎么翻译考研英语英译汉翻译时,对于否定结构的翻译一定要用心,从否定词本身的意义、否定词的否定范围、具体的语境等方面予以综合考虑,否则可能造成误解和和重大语义错误。
下面就详细分析常见的7种否定形式该怎么翻译。
一、全部否定例如:Nor, as things are, could the actual study of science easily be separated from technology, on which it has come to depend rather intimately for materials and apparatus. 本句是全部否定。
Nor, neither, never等词由于句首要倒装,且表示对全句的全部否定,翻译时将否定移回原位。
本句中主句是被动语态,译成主动语态;定语从句很长,而且与原句具有某种因果关系,所以单独翻译;depend on 的on被提前。
参考译文:就目前的情况来看,很难把实际的科学研究和技术分开,因为科学已经非常依赖技术来获得材料和仪器。
二、部分否定例如:Not all of the carbon dioxide that enters the leaf is synthesized into carbohydrates. 本句是部分否定句。
英语中,有些句型,比如:all...not, not all, every...not, not every, both...not等,都是表示部分否定,可以翻译成"并不都......"。
但是,需要注意no, none, neither, nor引导的是全部否定。
例如:No two people think alike.(没有两个人的想法是一样的。
)因此前面的例句可以翻译成:并不是所有进入叶子的二氧化碳都化合为碳水化合物。
三、双重否定例如:Its significance and importance can never be overemphasized. 本句是双重否定句,可以翻译成:它的意义和重要性,不管无论如何强调,都不算过分。
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二、全部否定
• never(决不,从来不),no(没有,不),not(不,不是), none(没人,谁都不,没有任何东西),nobody(没人), nothing(什么也没有,没有任何事情),nowhere(没有什么地 方),neither(两者都不),nor(也没有,也不),not at all (一点也不)。
三、双重否定
• You will never succeed unless you work hard. 如果你不努力,就决不能成功。(用汉语的双重否定翻译) 只要你努力,你就会成功。(用汉语的肯定结构翻译)
• The machine is working none the worse for its long service. 这台机器并没有因为长期使用而运转不良。
否定结构的翻译
• 一、部分否定 • 二、全部否定 • 三、双重否定 • 四、形式肯定但意义否定 • 五、形式否定但意义肯定 • 六、否定成分的转译
一、部分否定
• all, both, every, everybody, everyday, everyone, many, everything, entirely, altogether, absolutely, wholly, completely, everywhere, always, often等与否定词not 搭配使用。常常翻译为“并非所有,并不是都。如: all…not(不全是,不都是),both…not(并非两个 都,不是两者都),every…not(不是每个都), not always(不总是,不一定),not often(不经常), not altogether(不全是),not necessarily(未必) 等。
“简直不,无法,难以”;而more than one can help相当于as little as possible,可以翻译为“尽量不,绝对不”。 • The beauty of the park is more than words can describe. 这个公园美得无法形容。 • The boy has become very insolent and it is more than his parents can bear. 这男孩变得非常无礼,到了他父母都不能忍受的地步。 • Don’t tell him more than you can help. 能不跟他讲就尽量不要跟他讲。 • She never does more work than she can help. 能不做的事情,她是绝对不做的。
• Never have we been daunted by difficulties. 我们任何时候都没有被困难吓倒过。
三、双重否定
• 常见的双重否定形式主要有:no…not(没有……不), without…not(没有……就不),never(no)…without(每逢…… 总是,没有……不),never(no)…but(没有……不), not(none)…the less(并不……就不),not(never)…unless(不少 于,不亚于,和……一样),not…any the less(没有……而少 做)。
一、部分否定
• All that glitters is not gold. 并非所有发光的都是金子。
• Everybody does not believe the rumor. 并不是每个人都听信这个谣言的。
• They are not always in the office on Sundays. 他们不一定每个星期天都在办公室。
over the night. 外面依然在下大雨,我们还不如呆在这里过夜呢。 • You might as well burn the book than give them to her. 你把这些书给他还不如烧毁了好。
四、形式肯定但意义否定
(五)、借助具有否定意义的动词或动词短语这样的动词或者动词短语 常常有:miss(错过,即没有碰到),deny(拒绝,即没有答应), lack(缺乏,即不足),refuse(拒绝,即否认,没有答应),escape (逃避,即没有被发现),resist(抵抗,即没有放弃),reject(拒绝, 即没有答应),decline(拒绝,即没有答应),doubt(怀疑,即不太 确信),wonder(想知道,即不明白),fail(失败,即没有完成), exclude(排除,即没有接受,不包括),overlook(没有注意到), cease(终止,即没有坚持),neglect(没有注意到),defy(不服从), forbid(不许),give up(放弃,即没有坚持),refrain from(不允 许),lose sight of(不管),keep up with(不落后于),save…from (使…不),shut one’s eyes to(不看),to say nothing of(更不用说), not to mention(更不用说),protect(keep, prevent)…from(不让), keep off(不接近),keep out(不让进入),turn a deaf ear to(不听, 不顾),fall short of(不足),live up to(不辜负),dissuade…from (劝…不要),keep…dark(不把…说出去)等。
• She did not work any the less for her illness. 她没有因为生病而少做一些工作。
• No task is so difficult but we can accomplish it. 再困难的任务,我们也能完成。
四、形式肯定但意义否定
(一)more than can…结构 more than can…在意义上相当于英语的can not…,可以翻译为
四、形式肯定但意义否定
(二) anything but…结构 anything but…结构表示否定意义,常常翻译为“绝对不,根本不,
一点也不”。 • He is anything but a scholar.
他绝对不是一个学者。 • The wood bridge is anything but safe.
那座木桥一点也不安全。
四、形式肯定但意义否定
(三)may (might) as well…结构 may (might) as well…结构表示否定意义,常常翻译为
“还不如”。 • It is still raining hard outside; we may as motherland has never before been so prosperous as it is today. 我们伟大的祖国从来没有像今天这样繁荣昌盛。
• Nothing in the world is difficult for the one who sets his mind to it. 世上无难事,只怕有心人。