常见英语词根词缀

英语词根PREFIXESa- = of;afresh (adv.) 重新、再anew (adv.) 重新、再adown 朝下akin 同种的、类似的a- = on;aback (adv.) 向后abed 在床上ablaze (a.) 发光、着火aboard (adv.) 在国外afar遥远地afloat漂浮地，漂浮的afoot 徒步地aground （船）搁浅ahead 在……之前ahead在……之前alive活的aloof (adv.）远离，躲开asleep睡着的away 在远方a- = make …; 加强语气abide遵守alight 由车或马上下来alike相似的aloud大声地amaze使惊愕a rise起来，产生arouse唤起ashamed 羞耻的await等候awake吵醒athirst 渴望的a- = ad-= to at forabandon放弃abase贬抑abate减少abridge缩短achieve完成amass 积聚ameliorate改善、修正amenable顺从的amount总计avenge为……报仇avenue大街avow 公开承认a- = ab- = not without from awayavert 避开，调转avocation 副业，嗜好a-= ex-=out extremelyabash 使羞愧amend 修正，改善avoid避免a-= negative= not withoutabysss 深渊，地狱achromatic 无色的Amazon 亚马逊河amnesty 大赦，特赦amoral 非道德的apathy冷淡，漠不关心aphasia失语症asylum 避难所asymmetry不对称，不均匀atheism 无神论atom原子atypical 非典型的ab-= from away from offabaxial 离开轴的abdicate放弃权利，让位abduce 使外旋，外展abduct绑架，诱拐abject 卑鄙的abnormal 变态的，不正常的abominate 痛恨，厌恶abortion 流产；堕胎abrade 摩擦，擦伤abrupt 突然的absolve 赦免absorb 吸收；使全神贯注abuse 滥用abscess 脓疮，溃疡abscond潜逃；逃亡abstain 戒绝abstract 提炼；抽象的abstruse 难解的abundant 丰富的advance 前进avaunt 走开ad- = to at forabbreviate缩短accede允诺accelerate加速accomplice从犯accost向人打招呼accumulate堆积accustom使习惯acknowledge承认acquire获得adapt适应addict使沉溺adhere粘着advent到来advocate拥护affiliate联合affirm确认afflict使痛苦aggress侵略allocate分配append附加appraise评估ascertain探知assert主张assume假定attach附上attain达到acclimate 使服水土al-= allalmighty 万能的almost 差不多，几乎alone 单独的ambi- = on both sides about aroundambidextrous两手灵巧的ambiguous含糊的ambition雄心ambivalent犹豫不决的ambient 周围的amphi- = on both sides aroundamphitheater圆形剧场amphibian 水陆两栖的amphibiology 两栖生物学an-= negative= not withoutanaemia 贫血症anaethetic 麻醉剂anarchy无政府状态anecdote 轶事ambrosia 神的食物ana-=upon on upanabaptist 再洗礼派教徒anachronism 时代错误analogy 相似，类似ante- = beforeantecedent在先的antechamber来宾接待室anteroom来宾接待室antedate 提前的日期anterior 前面的anticipate预期ancient古代的ancestor祖先antediluvian 洪水时代以前的anti- = against opposite toanti-communist反共的antipathy反感antiseptic 防腐的antithesis对照、对比antagonist敌手Antarctic南极的antonym反义词auto- = selfautobiography自传autocracy专制政治autogamy自体生殖autogenous自生的autonomy自治区authentic 真正的autoinfection自身感染autonym 真名be-= to makebecalm 使不动befool愚弄befoul 污染befriend照顾beguile欺骗belittle贬低，轻视benumb使麻木betroth 许配be-= to cover withbecloud 蒙蔽bedew沾湿befog罩入雾中，迷惑bestar布满星星be-=uponbecome befall降临，遭遇behold看bemoan悲恸beset 包围bespeak预定be-=bybecause 因为bequeath遗赠beside在旁bene- = well goodbenediction祝祷benefaction恩惠、施惠benefactor恩人beneficent亲切的、慈善的beneficial有益的beneficiary收益人benefit有益于benevolent慈善的bonus 恩惠bi- = double twobicameral两院制的bilingual双语的bimonthly两个月一次的bipolar两极的biweekly一周两次的bicycle自行车circum- = around round aboutcircumference圆周circumstance环境、情况circumspect 慎重的circuit电路、回路circumlunar 环绕月球的circulate 流通，巡回com- = together with whollycombat战斗combine联合comfort安慰commemorate纪念commend称赞commotion骚动commute通勤compile编辑compose组成coalesce合并、联合coalition联合coeducation男女合校的教育coerce强迫coexist共存cooperate合作collaborate合作collapse倒塌colleague同事collide碰撞combustion燃烧conceit自负、自大concentrate集中、专心conclude下结论concord和谐、一致condescend屈尊俯就configuration外形confront使面临conglomerate聚集conjunction结合consent同意consume消费contaminate弄脏、污染correlate使相互关联contra- = againstcontradict否认contrary相反的contrast对比counteract抵消counterpart相对的人或物de- = down downwarddecapitate斩首decay腐烂decease死亡deceive欺骗decipher译（密码）declare宣告deduce演绎、推论defect缺点defer服从deform使残废deliberate考虑delinquency过失、犯罪demerit过失、短处demolish推翻、毁坏demonstrate证明depict描写derive获得despise 蔑视detail详述detain使延迟devastate使荒废、毁灭devour毁灭de- = apart fromdecode译解defer延缓deficit赤字defrost去冰或霜dehydrate脱水detach派遣、分离dis- = apart awaydisadvantage不利disagree不同意disapprove不赞成disbelieve不信、怀疑discard抛弃discern辨认discontinue中止discord不一致discourage使气馁discreet言行谨慎discrepancy矛盾、不一致discrete个别的、不连续的discriminate歧视disfavor不赞成disguise伪装disgust厌恶disintegrate使分解display展示disregard忽视、不理睬dissolve溶解、解散distribute分配dessert甜点digest消化、融会dimension尺寸、规模diminish减少diffident缺乏自信的en- = in into on at near makeenact制定为法律enclose围绕encompass围绕、包含encounter对抗encourage鼓励encroach侵占endeavor努力enlarge扩大enlighten启迪enlist使入伍enrage激怒enrich使丰裕entitle使有资格entrust委托environment环境embed埋入，深留embrace拥抱empower授权ex- = out of fullyexact正确exaggerate夸大exasperate激怒exceed超越excel优于、胜过excerpt摘录exclude拒绝、除外execute实现exempt免除exert施行、运用exhaust用尽exhibit陈列exhilarate使兴高采烈exit出口exotic外国的expand扩张、膨胀expect期望expel驱逐expire期满explicit明确的expose暴露exterior外面的external外部的extinguish熄灭extrinsic外在的emancipate解放extra- = beyondextraordinary特别的extreme极端的extremity极端fore- = beforeforearm前臂forebear祖先, 祖宗forefather祖先, 祖宗forefinger食指foregoing在前的, 前述的foreground前景, 最显著的位置forehead前额foreman领班, 工头foremost最先的, 最初的, 最重要的foresee预见, 预知foretell预言, 预示, 预测foreword 前言, 序hyper- = above beyondhyperactive极度活跃的hypercriticism苛求hyperinflation恶性通货膨胀hyper-militant 极度好战的hypersensitive感觉过敏的hypo- = under (与hyper- 相反)hypocrisy伪善hypothesis假设in- = in into oninborn天生的, 生来的incentive动机inceptive起初的, 开端的incident事件, 事变include包括, 包含income收入, 收益increase增加, 增大, 增长incur招致indoor户内的, 室内的induce劝诱, 促使, 导致indulge纵容infect传染, 感染infiltrate渗透inflame燃烧inflate使(通货)膨胀, 使充气infringe侵犯, 违反infuriate激怒infuse灌输, 注入ingrained根深蒂固的inhale吸入inherit继承inhibit抑制, 约束inject注射, 注入inlet入口, 小港innate先天的, 天生的innovate改革, 创新inquire询问, 问明, 查究inscribe记下insect昆虫insert插入, 嵌入insight洞察力, 见识inspect 检查, 视察intake入口intoxicate使陶醉, 醉人intrigue阴谋, 诡计intuition 直觉invade侵略, 侵袭invest投资involve包括, 使陷于illuminate照明, 阐明illusion幻想illustrate举例说明, 图解immerge浸入, 浸没immigrate使移居入境impair削弱impart传授, 告知impediment妨碍, 阻碍impinge撞击impoverish使贫穷imprint留下烙印irrigate灌溉inter- = between amongintercept中途阻止, 截取interchange相互交换interfere干涉, 干预interfuse (使)混入, (使)混合intermingle混合international国际的, 世界的interplay相互影响interpret解释, 口译interrupt中断, 插嘴intersect横断interstellar星际的intervene干涉, 干预interval间隔, 距离interweave (使)交织intra-/ intro- = within inwardintrapersonal内心的intra-school校内的introspect内省, 内观introvert性格内向的人macro- = large longmacroeconomics宏观经济学macrometeorology宏观气象学micro- = smallmicrobiology微生物学microeconomics微观经济学 micrometeorology微观气象学microphone 麦克风microscope显微镜neo- = newneoclassicism新古典主义neocolonialism新殖民主义neofascism新纳粹主义neoromanticism新浪漫主义out- = out beyondoutbreak爆发outcome结果outcry叫喊outflow流出outlook展望outpour流出outgrow生长速度超过outlandish异国风味的outline外形、轮廓outlive生存得比~更长outnumber数目超过outpace追过outrage暴行outwit比~ 机智over- = above across beyondoveract动作过度overbridge/overpass天桥overburden使负担过重overcoat大衣overcome击败、压倒overcredulous过度轻信的overcrowd过度拥挤overeat吃得过多overestimate高估overflow溢出、泛滥overlap部分重迭overseas海外的overtake赶上overthrow推翻overturn推翻overwhelm压倒para- = beside beyond against contraryparable比喻、寓言parachute降落伞paragraph段落parallel平行paralyze使麻痹paramount最高的、卓越的per- = through thoroughly awayperceive感觉、知觉perennial永久的perfect完美的perform实行、履行perish毁灭permanent永久的permeate渗透、普遍permit许可perpetual永远的perplex使困扰persist持久perspective远景、视角persuade说服pervade遍及、弥漫post- = after behindpostdoctoral博士后的posterior后部的posterity子孙postgraduate研究生postpone推迟postscript附笔pre- = beforeprecaution预防precede在前preclude阻止predecessor前任predict预言preface前言prefer较喜欢pregnant怀孕的prejudice偏见preliminary准备的premature未成熟的premium奖金preoccupy使凝神于prepare准备prerequisite首要的事物prescribe规定present现在的preserve保存preside主持（会议）presume假定pretend假装prevail盛行prevent妨碍、防止preview预习previous先前的re- = again backrebel谋反recall召回、号召recede后退、撤回recite背诵reclaim教化、纠正reconcile和解、调停record记录recreation娱乐recruit招募reduce减少redundant多余的、冗赘的refer参考reflect反映refraction折射refresh使爽快refrigerator冰箱refuge避难rehearse预演、排练reinforce增强reject拒绝relax放松relevant有关的relieve减轻reluctant勉强的remedy治疗remorse悔恨Renaissance文艺复兴renew更新renounce放弃repeat重复repel拒绝、排斥reply答复resemble相似restore恢复resume重新开始retard阻碍、妨碍retort反击、反驳revenue总收入revise校订、修正revive振兴retro- = backwardretrospect回顾se- = away apartsecede脱离、退出secret秘密的secrete分泌seduce引诱segregate分离、隔离select选择separate分离step- = orphanedstepbrother同父异母(或同母异父)的哥哥(或弟弟)stepchild前夫(或前妻)所生子女stepdaughter继女,过继的女儿stepfather继父stepmother继母stepparent继父(母) stepsister异父（母）姐妹stepson继子sub- = undersubconscious潜意识的subject使服从sublime庄严的submarine潜水艇submerge淹没submit屈服于subscribe签名、捐助substance物质substitute代替subtitle副标题、字幕subway地铁succeed继承succinct简洁的suffer忍受suffice足够suffocate使窒息suggest提出summon传招、召集support支持suppress镇压susceptible易受影响的suspect怀疑sustain供应、维持super- = above oversuperabundant过多的superb豪华的、有余的supercilious自大的superficial表面的、肤浅的superintend监督、管理superior较好的supernatural超自然的supersonic超音速的superstition迷信supervise监督supreme最高的supremacy最高sovereign主权的surface表面surmount战胜、爬越surname姓surpass超越surplus过剩的surrender屈服surround包围survey考察survive生存syn- = with togethersynchronism同时发生syndicate 财团synonym同义字syntax句法synthesis综合, 合成system系统, 体系syllable音节symbol符号, 记号, 象征sympathy同情, 同情心symphony交响乐, 交响曲symposium讨论会, 座谈会symptom症状, 征兆tele- = far offtelecommunication通讯telegram电报telegraph电报telephone电话telescope望远镜television电视trans- = beyond across overtransaction办理, 交易transfer转移, 传递transform转换translate翻译, 解释transmit传输, 转送transparent透明的, 明晰的transport传送, 运输tradition传统, 惯例traitor叛逆者, 叛国者tranquil安静的transcend超越, 胜过trespass侵入with- = against backwithdraw收回, 撤消withhold使停止, 抑制withstand抵挡, 经受住SUFFIX–antassistant助手, 助教descendant子孙, 后代emigrant移民immigrant移民, 侨民inhabitant居民, 居住者servant仆人tenant承租人, 房客–eecommittee委员会employee职工, 雇员examinee投考者, 应试者nominee被提名的人, 被任命者trainee练习生, 新兵–eerauctioneer拍卖人–entagent代理(商) correspondent通讯记者opponent对手, 反对者president总统, 校长resident居民student学生, 研究者, 学者–erbaker面包师commander司令官, 指挥官 customer消费者gardener园丁leader领导者manufacturer制造商mariner水手murderer杀人犯, 凶手owner所有者, 业主philosopher哲学家, 哲人prisoner囚犯producer生产者–essactress女演员empress皇后hostess女主人princess公主stewardess女乘务员–istcommunist共产主义者dogmatist武断的人novelist (长篇)小说家specialist 专家tourist旅行者, 旅游者typist打字员violinist小提琴演奏者–ism -asmantagonism对抗(状态) Buddhism佛教communism共产主义existentialism 存在主义exoticism异国情调heroism英雄主义Marxism马克思主义optimism 乐观主义pessimism悲观主义enthusiasm热心, 积极性–itudealtitude高度aptitude恰当, 智能fortitude坚韧gratitude感谢latitude纬度magnitude大小, 数量,量级multitude多数solitude孤独–able -ibleamenable available changeable desirable imponderable irritable noticeable reasonable unforgettable contemptible horrible incredible negligible–edaged bearded crowned cultured gifted moneyed talented–fuldreadful fruitful graceful merciful mournful regretful scornful shameful thoughtful–icacademic angelic arctic athletic diplomatic domestic emphatic exotic fantastic gigantic idiotic lunatic patriotic scenic–ishbookish brownish childish feverish selfish yellowish bluish greenish reddish–ousenvious furious glorious gorgeous industrious laborious perilous righteous spacious strenuous tremulous vicious virtuous–proofbombproof bulletproof fireproof foolproof rainproof soundproof waterproof weatherproof–someburdensome irksome meddlesome quarrelsome tiresome troublesome wearisome wholesome–endarken fasten hasten heighten lengthen moisten redden sharpen strengthen threaten weaken worsen–esce 表动作开始或正在进行coalesce obsolesce–fyclassify edify fortify fructify identify justify liquefy nullify personify purify qualify satisfy signify simplify stupefy–ishadmonish banish blush cherish demolish diminish flourish furnish languish punish–ize/ -isecivilize dramatize generalize organize specialize symbolize utilize vicimize –lechuckle dazzle sparkle sprinkle startle twinkleRootact = to act(在行动)activate刺激, 使活动activation活化, 激活activator催化剂, 触媒剂actual实际的, 真实的actuality实在, 现状actualize实现, 实施actuate开动, 促使enact制定法律, 颁布enactment设定, 制定inaction无行动, 不活动, 无为, 怠惰inactive无行动的, 不活动的interact互相作用, 互相影响react起反应, 起作用reactor反应堆reaction 反应, 反作用transact办理, 交易transaction办理, 处理, agency代理处, 行销处, 代理, 中介agent代理(商) agile敏捷的, 轻快的, 灵活的agility敏捷, 活泼agitate 搅动, 摇动, 煽动, 激动agitation激动, 兴奋, 煽动, 搅动agitator煽动者agony苦恼, 极大的痛苦prodigal浪费的alt = high (高)altar 祭坛, (基督教教堂内的)圣坛, 祈祷祭拜的地方altimeter高度计altitude 高度, exalt晋升exaltation提升, 提高haughty 傲慢的alter/ali = otheralter改变alteration变更, 改造alternate交替, 轮流, 改变alternation交替, 轮流, 间隔alternative二中择一, 可供选择的办法, 事物altruism利他主义altruistic利他的, 无私心的alien外侨alienate疏远adultery通奸, 通奸行为am = to loveamateur业余爱好者amatory恋爱的, 情人的amiable亲切的, 和蔼可亲的amicable友善的, 和平的amorist情人, 情郎amorous多情的, 恋爱的enemy敌人, 仇敌enmity 敌意, 憎恨ang = to strangleanger angry anguish anxiety anxiousangl/ angul = angleangle angular equiangular quadrangular rectangle triangle triangularanim = breath mindanimal animate animation equanimity inanimate magnanimity unanimity unanimousann = yearanniversary annual biannual biennial centennial perennialanthrop = mananthropocentric以人类为中心的anthropography人类地理分布学, 人种志anthropology 人类学philanthropy慈善事业apt = fitapt aptitude aptness adapt adaptable adaptation adaptive inapt inaptitude aqua = wateraquatic水的, 水上的, 水生的, 水栖的arm = weaponsarms armada armament armed armour alarm disarm disarmamentart = skillartful artist artistic artless artifact artificialaud = to hearaudible听得见的audience听众, 观众audiphones助听器audition听力, 试听auditorial审计员的, 查帐官的, 通过听觉的auditorium会堂, 礼堂auditory耳的, 听觉的obedient服从的, 孝顺的disobedient不服从的aug = to increase to make to growauction auctioneer augment augmentative august author authority authoritative authorize authentic authenticityavi = birdaviate aviation aviator auspice auspicious inauspicious inaugurate inaugurationband/bond = to bindband bandage bond bound boundarybio = lifebiochemistry生物化学biography传记biographer传记作者biology生物学autobiography自传autobiographical自传的antibiotic抗生素bre = shortbrief briefly abbreviation abridge abridgementcand = white brightcandle candid candidate incandescent incandescencecant/ chant/cent = to singenchant enchantment accent accentuatecap = headcapital capitalism capitalist capitalize captain cabbage decapitate precipitate cap = to takecapable captive capturecast = to throwcast broadcast forecast outcast telecastcav = hollowcave cavern excavatecede ceed = to go to yieldaccede access accessible antecede antecedent concession exceed exceeding exceedingly excessive precede precedence precedent proceed process recession succeed success successful successive successorceive cept cip cipate = to takeaccept acceptable acceptance accepted conceive conceivable concept conception deceive deceivable deception deceptive intercept perceive perception perceptive precept receipt receptive susceptible susceptibility anticipate anticipation participate participation emancipationceler = swiftcelerity accelerate acceleration accelerator deceleratecent = hundredcentennial centigrade centimeter century percent percentagecentr = centercentral centralism centralization acentric concentrate concentration decentralize eccentriccern cret = to separateconcern concerning discern discreet discrete secret secretary secretecert = sureascertain certain certainty certify certificate certification concertchron = timechronic chronology synchronouscide cise = to cutconcise decide decision decisive incise incision incisive insecticide precise precision suicidecirc cyc = ringcircle circular circulate circulation circuit circus encircle semicircle cycle cyclist cyclone bicycle tricycle encyclopaediacite = to call to urgecite excite excitable excitement incite recite recital solicitorclaim clam = to cryclaim clamour acclaim acclamation exclaim exclamation proclaim proclamationclin = to benddecline incline inclination climaxclud = to shutclose closet closure conclude conclusion conclusive disclose disclosure enclose exclude exclusion exclusive include inclusion preclude seclude cognis gnos = to knowcognition cognitive diagnose diagnosis ignore ignorant recognize recognition。