机械工程英语第二版叶邦彦_汉语翻译(机械工业出版社)--全本书翻译
机械工程英语第二版（叶邦彦陈统坚著）机械工程出版社课文翻译
Unit 1 材料的种类（1）材料的分类方法很多。
科学家常用的典型的方法是根据它们的状态分类：固体，液态或气态。
材料也分为有机（可再生）和无机材料（不可再生）。
（2）工业上，材料划分为工程材料或非工程材料。
工程材料用于制造和加工成零件的材料。
非工程材料是化学药品，燃料，润滑剂和其它用于制造又不用来加工成零件的材料。
（3）工程材料可进一步细分为：金属，陶瓷，复合材料，聚合材料，等。
Metals and Metal Alloys 金属和金属合金金属和金属合（4）金属有好的导电好导热性，很多金属有高的强度，高硬度和高的延展性。
象铁，钴，镍这些金属有磁性。
在非常低的温度下，一些金属和金属互化物变成超导体。
（5）合金和纯金属有什么区别？纯金属在元素周期表的特殊区域。
例如用于制造电线的铜和做锅和饮料罐的铝。
合金含有两种以上的金属元素。
改变金属元素的比例可以改变合金的性质。
例如，合金金属的不锈钢，是由铁，镍，和铬组成。
而黄金珠宝含有金镍合金。
（6）为什么要使用金属和合金？很多金属和合金有很高密度并用在要求质量与体积比高的的场合。
一些金属合金，象铝基合金，密度低，用在航空领域可以节省燃料。
很多合金有断裂韧度，可以承受冲击，且耐用。
金属有哪些重要属性？（7）【密度】质量除以体积叫做密度。
很多金属有相对高的密度,特别的，象聚合体。
高密度的材料常是原子量很大，象金或铅。
然而一些金属，像铝或镁密度低，就常常用在要求有金属特性而又要求低质量的场合。
（8）【断裂韧性】断裂韧度用来描述金属抗断裂的能力，特别的，当有裂纹时。
金属通常都有无关紧要的刻痕和凹坑，且有耐冲击性。
足球队员关注这一点当他确信面罩不会被击碎的时候。
（9）【塑形变形】塑性变形表述的是材料在断裂之前弯曲变形的能力。
作为工程师，我们通常设计材料使得能够在正常情况下不变形。
你不会想要一阵强烈的西风就把你的车刮得往东倾斜。
然而，有时，我们可以利用塑性变形。
汽车的承受极限就是在彻底破坏之前靠塑形变形来吸收能量。
机械英语2
机械工程英语第二版叶邦彦陈统坚主编Casting is a manufacturing process in which molten metal is poured or injected and allowed to solidify in a suitably shaped mold cavity. During or after cooling, the cast part is removed from the mold and then processed for delivery.铸造是一种将熔化的金属倒入或注入合适的铸模腔并且在其中固化的制造工艺。
在冷却期间或冷却后，把铸件从铸模中取出，然后进行交付。
Casting processes and cast-material technologies vary from simple to highly complex. Material and process selection depends on the part’s complexity and function, the product’s quality specifications, and the projected cost level.铸造工艺和铸造材料技术从简单到高度复杂变化很大。
材料和工艺的选择取决于零件的复杂性和功能、产品的质量要求以及成本预算水平。
Castings are parts that are made close to their final dimensions by a casting process. With a history dating back 6,000 years, the various casting processes are in a state of continuous refinement and evolution as technological advances are being made.通过铸造加工，铸件可以做成很接近它们的最终尺寸。
机械工程英语第2版叶邦彦Unit13
机械工程英语第2版叶邦彦Unit13Unit 13Jigs and Fixtures1.Introduction2.Definition of a Drill Jig3.Typical Jigs and Fixtures1.IntroductionJigs and fixtures are alike in that they both incorporate [包含] devices to ensure that the workpiece is correctly located and clamped, but they differ in that :●Jigs incorporate means of tool guiding during the actualcutting operation, and fixtures do not.●Fixtures may incorporate means of setting the cuttingtools relative the location system.The advantages of jigs and fixtures can be summarised as follows:(1)marking out and other measuring and setting out methods areeliminated;(2)unskilled workers may proceed confidently and quickly in theknowledge that the workpiece can be positioned correctly, andthe tools guided or set;(3)the assembly of pairs is facilitated, since all components will beidentical within small limits, and “trying” and filing of work iseliminated;(4)the pairs will be interchangeable, and if the product is sold over awide area, the problem of spare parts will be simplified.The location of workpieceFig.1 represents a body thatis completely free in space. Inthis condition it has sixdegrees of freedom.Fig.1 The six degrees of freedom The clamping [夹持] of the workpieceThe clamping system must be such that the workpiece is held against the cutting forces, and the clamping forces must not be so great as to cause the workpiece to become distorted or damaged.2. Definition of a Drill JigA drill jig is a device for ensuring that a hole to bedrilled, tapped, or reamed in a workpiece will bemachined in the proper place.[3]Basically it consists of a clamping device to hold thepart in position under hardened-steel bushings throughwhich the drill passes during the drilling operation.3. Typical Jigs and FixturesTypical drill jigFig.2 illustrates a drillingjig for drilling four holes inthe flange [凸缘] of awork-piece that has beencompleted expect for thefour holes.Fig.2 Drilling jigTypical milling fixtureFig.3illustrates a simple milling fixture for milling the slot in the oterwise complited workpiece shown.The workpiece is clamped in position,and cutter is located against the setting block,which provides setting or cutter position and depth of cut .The fixture must be positioned relative to the machine table,this is done by engaging the two tenons at the bottom of the fixture in the slot in the machinetable[8] .the fixture is secured to the machine table with T-bolts,also engaging in the slots in the table (Fig.3).Fig.3 Milling fixtureNotes1. In practice,the only cutting tools that can be guided while actuallycutting are drills,reamers,and similar cutters;and so jigs are associated with drilling operations,and fixtures with all other operations.句意：实际上，在切削时惟一的能被引导的切削刀具是钻头、铰刀和类似的铣刀；因此钻模适用于钻削加工，而夹具则用在其他加工工艺中。
机械工程英语第二版翻译
第一单元•Types of Materials 材料的类型Materials may be grouped in several ways. Scientists often classify materials by their state: solid, liquid, or gas. They also separate them into organic (once living) and inorganic (never living) materials.材料可以按多种方法分类。
科学家常根据状态将材料分为：固体、液体或气体。
他们也把材料分为有机材料(曾经有生命的)和无机材料(从未有生命的)。
For industrial purposes, materials are divided into engineering materials or nonengineering materials. Engineering materials are those used in manufacture and become parts of products.就工业效用而言，材料被分为工程材料和非工程材料。
那些用于加工制造并成为产品组成部分的就是工程材料。
Nonengineering materials are the chemicals, fuels, lubricants, and other materials used in the manufacturing process, which do not become part of the product.非工程材料则是化学品、燃料、润滑剂以及其它用于加工制造过程但不成为产品组成部分的材料。
Engineering materials may be further subdivided into: ①Metal ②Ceramics ③Composite ④Polymers, etc.工程材料还能进一步细分为：①金属材料②陶瓷材料③复合材料④聚合材料，等等。
机械工程英语第二版第二部分完整翻译(叶邦彦陈统坚主编)
机械工程英语第二版第二部分完整翻译(叶邦彦陈统坚主编)机械工程英语第二版第二部分完整翻译(叶邦彦、陈统坚主编)机械工程英语第二版第二部分翻译unit1导言序言thecentralandessentialingredientofgad/camCAD/CAM的一个重要组成部分是数字计算机。
其固有速度和存储容量相似。
它可以在图像处理、实时过程控制和许多其他重要功能方面取得进展，这些功能过于复杂和耗时，无法手动完成。
要理解CAD/CAM，熟悉数字计算机的概念和技术是非常重要的现在数字计算机是一部能够根据预定的程序来完成数字和逻辑运算以及数据处理功能的电子设备，计算机本身称为硬件，而各种各样的程序称为软件.输入/输出（I/0）部分输入/输出设备centralprocessingunit(cpu)中央处理器.控制单元算术逻辑单元（ALU）控制器和算术单元executiveprogramwhichisstoredinmemory.控制器完成这些操作的能力是由一组存储在存储器中被称作执行程序的指令程序提供的。
.机器语言。
汇编语言.procedure-oriented(high-level)languages机器语言、汇编语言、高级语言（1）制造过程数据。
制造过程数据。
.continuousanalogsignals连续模拟信号.discretebinarydata离散的二进制数据.pulsedata脉冲数据.脉冲发生器触点输出networkintroduction网络介绍单元2numericalcontrolofproductionequipment数字控制（nc）是程序自动控制的一种形式基本结构：数控系统由下面三部分组成：1.控制程序；2.机器控制单元；3.加工设备。
机械工程英语第二版翻译
第一单元•Types of Materials•材料的类型Materials may be grouped in several ways. Scientists often classify materials by their state: solid, liquid, or gas. They also separate them into organic (once living) and inorganic (never living) materials.材料可以按多种方法分类。
科学家常根据状态将材料分为：固体、液体或气体。
他们也把材料分为有机材料(曾经有生命的)和无机材料(从未有生命的)。
For industrial purposes, materials are divided into engineering materials or nonengineering materials. Engineering materials are those used in manufacture and become parts of products.就工业效用而言，材料被分为工程材料和非工程材料。
那些用于加工制造并成为产品组成部分的就是工程材料。
Nonengineering materials are the chemicals, fuels, lubricants, and other materials used in the manufacturing process, which do not become part of the product.非工程材料则是化学品、燃料、润滑剂以及其它用于加工制造过程但不成为产品组成部分的材料。
Engineering materials may be further subdivided into: ①Metal ②Ceramics ③Composite ④Polymers, etc.工程材料还能进一步细分为：①金属材料②陶瓷材料③复合材料④聚合材料，等等。
机械工程英语第二版part2unit11翻译
机械工程英语（第11单元）RapidPrototypingandManufacturingTechnologies快速原型制造和快速制造技术Introduction介绍forcomplexpatternsmakingandcomponentprototyping.Overthepastfewyear s,Avarietyofnewrapidmanufacturingtheologies,generallycalledRapidProto typingandManufacturing,haveemerged;thetechnologiesdevelopedincludes tereolithography(SL),selectivelasersintering(SLS),fuseddepositionmodeling(FSM),laminatedobjectmanufacturing(LOM),andthreedimensionalprint ing(3DPrinting)。
ThesetechnologiesarecapableofdirectlygeneratingphysicalobjectsfromCA Ddatabases.Theyhaveacommonimportantfeature:theprototypepartisprodu cedaddingmaterialsratherthanremovingmaterials,thatis,apartisfirstmodele个实体建模模块来建模，然后用数学的方法进行切层处理，使其成为一连串平行的横截面片。
每件，固化或具有约束力的路径生成。
这些固化或具有约束力路径是直接用于指导生产的部分机器固化或具有约束力的材料一致。
建成后，一层是，一个新的层是建立在以同样的方式前一个。
因此，该模型建立一层一层从底部到顶部。
RRProcessesRP反相进程Asmentionedearlier,thereareseveraltechnologiesavailableformodelprod uctionbasedontheprincipleof“growing”or“additive”manufacturing.Thema光固化成型机由3D系统公司的CharlesHull发明。
机械工程英语叶邦彦第二单元到第四单元课文 翻译综述
Unit 2 Numerical Control of Production EquipmentUnit 2 生产设备的数字控制Numerical Control (NC) is a form of programmable automation in which the processing equipment is controlled by means of numbers, letters, and other symbols. The numbers, letters, and symbols are coded in an appropriate format to define a program of instructions for a particular work-part or job. 数控是程序控制的自动化，在数字控制系统中，设备通过数字，字母和符号来编码，以一种合适的格式为每一个特定的零件或工件定义一个程序指令集。
When the job changes, the program of instructions is changed. The capability to change the program is what makes NC suitable for low-and medium-volume production. It is much easier to write new programs than to make major alterations of the processing equipment.当工件变化时，程序也变化，改变程序的能力亦适合中小批量生产。
写一个新程序比改变大量生产设备要容易的多。
Basic Components of NC数控基本结构A numerical control system consists of the following three basic components:数控系统由下面三部分组成：• Program of instructions控制程序• Machine control unit机器控制单元• Processing equipment加工设备The general relationship among the three components is illustrated in Fig. 2.1. The program is fed into the control unit, which directs the processing equipment accordingly.三部分的基本关系，由图 2.1 所示。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
•Types of Materials 材料的类型Materials may be grouped in several ways. Scientists often classify materials by their state: solid, liquid, or gas. They also separate them into organic (once living) and inorganic (never living) materials.材料可以按多种方法分类。
科学家常根据状态将材料分为：固体、液体或气体。
他们也把材料分为有机材料(曾经有生命的)和无机材料(从未有生命的)。
For industrial purposes, materials are divided into engineering materials or nonengineering materials. Engineering materials are those used in manufacture and become parts of products.就工业效用而言，材料被分为工程材料和非工程材料。
那些用于加工制造并成为产品组成部分的就是工程材料。
Nonengineering materials are the chemicals, fuels, lubricants, and other materials used in the manufacturing process, which do not become part of the product.非工程材料则是化学品、燃料、润滑剂以及其它用于加工制造过程但不成为产品组成部分的材料。
Engineering materials may be further subdivided into: ①Metal ②Ceramics ③Composite ④Polymers, etc.工程材料还能进一步细分为：①金属材料②陶瓷材料③复合材料④聚合材料，等等。
•Metals and Metal Alloys 金属和金属合金Metals are elements that generally have good electrical and thermal conductivity. Many metals have high strength, high stiffness, and have good ductility.金属就是通常具有良好导电性和导热性的元素。
许多金属具有高强度、高硬度以及良好的延展性。
Some metals, such as iron, cobalt and nickel, are magnetic. At low temperatures, some metals and intermetallic compounds become superconductors.某些金属能被磁化，例如铁、钴和镍。
在极低的温度下，某些金属和金属化合物能转变成超导体。
What is the difference between an alloy and a pure metal? Pure metals are elements which come from a particular area of the periodic table. Examples of pure metals include copper in electrical wires and aluminum in cooking foil and beverage cans.合金与纯金属的区别是什么？纯金属是在元素周期表中占据特定位置的元素。
例如电线中的铜和制造烹饪箔及饮料罐的铝。
Alloys contain more than one metallic element. Their properties can be changed by changing the elements present in the alloy. Examples of metal alloys include stainless steel which is an alloy of iron, nickel, and chromium; and gold jewelry which usually contains an alloy of gold and nickel.合金包含不止一种金属元素。
合金的性质能通过改变其中存在的元素而改变。
金属合金的例子有：不锈钢是一种铁、镍、铬的合金，以及金饰品通常含有金镍合金。
Why are metals and alloys used? Many metals and alloys have high densities and are used in applications which require a high mass-to-volume ratio.为什么要使用金属和合金？许多金属和合金具有高密度，因此被用在需要较高质量体积比的场合。
Some metal alloys, such as those based on aluminum, have low densities and are used in aerospace applications for fuel economy. Many alloys also have high fracture toughness, which means they can withstand impact and are durable.某些金属合金，例如铝基合金，其密度低，可用于航空航天以节约燃料。
许多合金还具有高断裂韧性，这意味着它们能经得起冲击并且是耐用的。
What are some important properties of metals?Density is defined as a material’s mass divided by its volume. Most metals have relatively high densities, especially compared to polymers.金属有哪些重要特性？密度定义为材料的质量与其体积之比。
大多数金属密度相对较高，尤其是和聚合物相比较而言。
Materials with high densities often contain atoms with high atomic numbers, such as gold or lead. However, some metals such as aluminum or magnesium have low densities, and are used in applications that require other metallic properties but also require low weight.高密度材料通常由较大原子序数原子构成，例如金和铅。
然而，诸如铝和镁之类的一些金属则具有低密度，并被用于既需要金属特性又要求重量轻的场合。
Fracture toughness can be described as a material’s ability to avoid fracture, especially when a flaw is introduced. Metals can generally contain nicks and dents without weakening very much, and are impact resistant. A football player counts on this when he trusts that his facemask won’t shatter.断裂韧性可以描述为材料防止断裂特别是出现缺陷时不断裂的能力。
金属一般能在有缺口和凹痕的情况下不显著削弱，并且能抵抗冲击。
橄榄球运动员据此相信他的面罩不会裂成碎片。
Plastic deformation is the ability of bend or deform before breaking. As engineers, we usually design materials so that they don’t deform under normal conditions. You don’t want your car to lean to the east after a strong west wind.塑性变形就是在断裂前弯曲或变形的能力。
作为工程师，设计时通常要使材料在正常条件下不变形。
没有人愿意一阵强烈的西风过后自己的汽车向东倾斜。
However, sometimes we can take advantage of plastic deformation. The crumple zones in a car absorb energy by undergoing plastic deformation before they break.然而，有时我们也能利用塑性变形。
汽车上压皱的区域在它们断裂前通过经历塑性变形来吸收能量。
The atomic bonding of metals also affects their properties. In metals, the outer valence electrons are shared among all atoms, and are free to travel everywhere. Since electrons conduct heat and electricity, metals make good cooking pans and electrical wires.金属的原子连结对它们的特性也有影响。
在金属内部，原子的外层阶电子由所有原子共享并能到处自由移动。
由于电子能导热和导电，所以用金属可以制造好的烹饪锅和电线。
It is impossible to see through metals, since these valence electrons absorb any photons of light which reach the metal. No photons pass through.因为这些阶电子吸收到达金属的光子，所以透过金属不可能看得见。
没有光子能通过金属。