2010年10月在职MBA英语真题及答案

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2010年考研mba联考英语二试题

2010年考研mba联考英语二试题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12010年考研mba联考英语二试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)The advantages of free trade -----(1)---- economic growth and welfare have long been acknowledged. However, the downside of globalization and free trade has been watched with -----(2)---- by critics and policymakers who view trade openness as the cause of growing wage inequality, unemployment, child labor, and poor working conditions in some countries. It is said by the critics, for example, that -----(3)---- individual countries become more specialized in the production of goods in which they have a comparative advantage, there may be a shift in demand that -----(4)---- a decline in the relative demand for low-skilled workers and the subsequent fall in their wages.On the other hand, free trade is also viewed as providing-----(5)---- to economic growth and poverty reduction. As trade barriers are lowered and more goods and services are exchanged across countries, there is greater economic -----(6)----, more efficient allocation of resources, and technological transfer that can lead to higher productivity. This in turn results in higher economic growth and a rise in the standard of living for consumers.Despite these benefits, there are concerns that free trade may -----(7)---- negative consequences, particularly for developing countries who may not have the capacity to compete in the global market. These countries may face challenges such as unemployment, insufficient infrastructure, and a lack of access to capital and technology. As a result, they may be -----(8)---- marginalized in the global economy. Therefore, it is important for policymakers to consider the potential risks and impacts of free trade on different countries and take measures to ensure that the benefits are distributed equitably.In conclusion, while free trade has the potential to-----(9)---- economic growth and reduce poverty, it is important to address the challenges it may pose and ensure that the benefits are shared by all countries and segments of society. Bypromoting inclusive growth and addressing the needs of vulnerable populations, policymakers can harness the full potential of free trade to create a more prosperous and equitable global economy.1. A. in B. with C. for D. on2. A. attention B. care C. concern D. watch3. A. since B. that C. unless D. although4. A. results in B. results from C. results about D. results by5. A. impetus B. incentive C. emollient D. constraint6. A. integration B. imposition C. intersection D. insulation7. A. generate B. result C. entail D. incur8. A. progressively B. retroactively C. constantlyD. collectively9. A. impede B. promote C. inhibit D. facilitateSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points)Text 1In business, the concept of competence has become a key word, particularly as the effects of globalization and fluid organizations have driven a shift from jobs and job descriptions to know-how and knowledge. What, in simple terms, are competencies? Competencies describe work-related knowledge, know-how, motivation, and personal characteristics that affect success in job performance. They are the key to effective performance in jobs, teams, and organizations.The idea behind competencies is simple: The more competencies you have, the better-equipped you are. But while competencies are easy to understand, they can be difficult to master. As demand for competency models grows, thousands of organizations have launched work-related initiatives or programs, but the expected results failed to meet the promises. Despite this, the interest in competencies is likely to continue. However, to spread the theories and practices of competencies, champions are needed to promote their worth.10. What has driven the shift towards focusing on competencies in business?A. The effects of globalization and fluid organizations.B. The need for a more knowledgeable workforce.C. The desire for greater job descriptions.D. The lack of proficient employees.11. What are competencies?A. Job descriptions.B. A person's natural abilities.C. Factors affecting job performance.D. Key work experiences.12. Why have thousands of organizations launched competency programs?A. To improve job performance.B. To promote their worth.C. To spread competency models.D. To meet the demands of globalization.Text 2Freedom of press, freedom of speech, and freedom of information are crucial components of a just and democratic society. In the past, these freedoms were often suppressed by oppressive regimes or authoritarian governments in an attempt to control the flow of information and public opinion. However, with the rise of the Internet and social media, the ability to censor or restrict these freedoms has become increasingly difficult.The Internet has revolutionized the way information is shared, allowing for the rapid dissemination of news and opinions across the globe. Social media platforms have empowered individuals to share their voices, ideas, and beliefs with a wide audience, challenging traditional media outlets and authorities. While this new era of information sharing has brought about positive changes, it has also raised concerns about the spread of misinformation, hate speech, and fake news.13. What has made it difficult for oppressive regimes to suppress freedom of information?A. The rise of the Internet and social media.B. The spread of misinformation.C. The empowerment of traditional media outlets.D. The flow of public opinion.14. How has the Internet revolutionized the sharing of information?A. It has restricted access to news.B. It has empowered traditional media outlets.C. It has allowed for the dissemination of news and opinions.D. It has made censorship easier.15. What are some of the concerns raised by the new era of information sharing?A. The empowerment of individuals.B. The spread of fake news.C. The suppression of free speech.D. The ability to control public opinion.Text 3Sustainability is a concept that has gained increasing importance in recent years as concerns about climate change, environmental degradation, and resource depletion have become more prominent. The idea of sustainability is based on the principle of meeting the needs of the present withoutcompromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.Achieving sustainability requires a comprehensive approach that addresses economic, social, and environmental factors. Businesses, governments, and individuals must work together to develop strategies that promote sustainable practices and reduce the impact of human activities on the planet. This includes investing in renewable energy sources, promoting recycling and waste reduction, and implementing green technologies that minimize resource consumption.16. What has led to the increasing importance of sustainability?A. Concerns about resource depletion.B. A decrease in environmental degradation.C. The development of green technologies.D. A shift towards traditional energy sources.17. How is sustainability defined?A. Meeting the needs of future generations.B. Using resources without regard for the future.C. Compromising the needs of the present.D. Ignoring economic and social factors.18. What is required to achieve sustainability?A. A focus on economic factors.B. Collaboration among businesses, governments, and individuals.C. The promotion of resource consumption.D. The exclusion of green technologies.Part BDirections:Read the following text and draw your own conclusions from it. You are required to write in about 200 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Globalization has transformed the world economy, connecting countries and cultures in ways never before imagined. While globalization has brought about numerous benefits, including economic growth and increased opportunity, it has also raised concerns about inequality, exploitation, and environmental degradation. As companies extend their reachacross borders, they must navigate a complex web of regulations, cultural differences, and ethical dilemmas. In this globalized world, success is often measured not only by profits and market share, but also by the impact on society and the environment. The challenge for businesses, policymakers, and individuals is to find a balance between economic prosperity and social responsibility. Only by working together can we ensure that the benefits of globalization are shared equitably and sustainably for future generations.In conclusion, the 2010 MBA entrance exam reflected the growing importance of global issues on the business landscape. As aspiring business leaders, it is essential to consider the broader implications of our actions and decisions in a global context. By embracing diversity, promoting sustainability, and upholding ethical standards, we can create a more just and prosperous world for all.Thank you.篇22010 MBA Joint Entrance Examination English II Test QuestionsSection I Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:The Japanese language is incredibly complex with a wide range of linguistic phenomena. One often-cited complexity is its rich morphology. For example, Japanese verbs can have as many as 15 different forms, which can be quite overwhelming for learners. However, the language also has a relatively simple phonology. In fact, Japanese only has five vowels and a relatively small number of consonants compared to many other languages. Despite this, pronunciation is still a challenge for many learners, especially for those whose native language does not contain similar sounds.1. What is one of the complexities of the Japanese language mentioned in the passage?A. Rich morphologyB. Simple phonologyC. Few vowels and consonantsD. Easy pronunciation2. How many forms can Japanese verbs have?A. 5B. 10C. 15D. 203. What aspect of Japanese pronunciation can be challenging for learners?A. The range of consonantsB. The small number of vowelsC. The rich morphologyD. The sounds not found in their native language4. Which of the following is NOT true about Japanese pronunciation?A. It has five vowels.B. It has a small number of consonants.C. It is easy for English speakers.D. It can be challenging for learners.5. The main idea of the passage is:A. Japanese has a complex morphology.B. Japanese has a simple phonology.C. Japanese pronunciation is easy.D. Japanese verbs have many forms.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Entrepreneurs are often seen as risk-takers who defy the odds to achieve success. However, recent studies suggest that successful entrepreneurs actually have a high tolerance for uncertainty rather than a love of risk. They are able to navigate uncertainty by making calculated decisions based on sound judgment and a deep understanding of the market. This adaptability and resilience are key qualities that set them apart from others.6. What quality do successful entrepreneurs have according to recent studies?A. Love of riskB. High tolerance for uncertaintyC. Impulsive decision-makingD. Lack of understanding of the market7. How do successful entrepreneurs navigate uncertainty?A. By taking uncalculated risksB. By making snap decisionsC. By using sound judgmentD. By avoiding risks altogether8. What sets successful entrepreneurs apart from others?A. Lack of adaptabilityB. High risk-taking behaviorC. Deep understanding of the marketD. Inability to make decisions9. According to the passage, what qualities are key for successful entrepreneurs?A. Love of risk and impulsivenessB. High tolerance for uncertainty and adaptabilityC. Lack of understanding and resilienceD. Lack of judgment and insight10. The main idea of the passage is:A. Successful entrepreneurs take risks.B. Successful entrepreneurs lack tolerance for uncertainty.C. Successful entrepreneurs rely on sound judgment and adaptability.D. Successful entrepreneurs are impulsive.Passage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant advancements in recent years, with applications ranging from virtual assistants to autonomous vehicles. Despite the progress, there are concerns about the ethical implications of AI and its potential impact on society. Issues such as privacy, bias, and job displacement are hot topics of debate as AI continues to evolve.11. What is one of the applications of artificial intelligence mentioned in the passage?A. Virtual realityB. Health careC. Autonomous vehiclesD. E-commerce12. What are some concerns surrounding AI?A. Lack of progressB. Ethical implicationsC. Advantages for societyD. Privacy, bias, and job displacement13. What is a hot topic of debate regarding AI?A. Its impact on the environmentB. Its potential benefitsC. Its role in educationD. Issues of privacy, bias, and job displacement14. What is the main focus of the passage?A. Progress in AI technologyB. Ethical concerns about AIC. The benefits of AID. The impact of AI on society15. The main idea of the passage is:A. AI has no ethical implications.B. AI has made little progress.C. AI raises concerns about privacy, bias, and job displacement.D. AI is only used for virtual assistants.Section II Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are thirty sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.16. The new manager will __________ her predecessor’s leadership style.A. take placeB. take overC. take on17. The company’s __________ performance has led to decreased profits.A. inefficientB. efficientC. inabilityD. reliable18. The team needs to work __________ if they want to meet the deadline.A. hardB. hardlyC. hardlyD. difficult19. It is important to __________ the impact of climate change on vulnerable communities.A. addressB. adaptC. achieve20. The __________ of resources has caused shortages in many parts of the country.A. misuseB. weaponC. supplyD. treatmentSection III Error IdentificationDirections: There are ten sentences in this part. Each sentence contains an error. Each error is underlined. You need to identify the error and choose the best correction. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.21. Due to the bad weather, the concert is postponed until next weekend.A. Due toB. postponedC. untilD. next weekend22. The new employee are being trained on the new software system.A. The newB. are beingC. onD. the new23. She told me that she had went shopping before meeting me for lunch.A. thatB. had wentC. meetingD. for24. The company is looking to hire a new marketing manager who is able to speak English and Chinese fluently.A. to hireB. who is ableC. andD. fluently25. Despite of the challenges, the project was completed on time and under budget.A. Despite ofB. theC. on timeD. underSection IV WritingDirections: In this part, you are asked to write an essay. You should write at least 150 words on the Answer Sheet. Your essay should be based on the following outline.Outline:1. The benefits of studying abroad2. The challenges of studying abroad3. Personal experiences of studying abroad4. ConclusionRemember to:1. Write in English with proper grammar and punctuation.2. Present your ideas clearly and logically.---This is just a partial example of the 2010 MBA Joint Entrance Examination English II Test Questions. The full test consists of more questions in different sections. The purpose of this sample is to demonstrate the format and complexity of the exam questions. It is important for candidates to practice and prepare diligently in order to perform well on the examination.篇32010 MBA Joint Entrance Examination English II Test QuestionsPart I Reading Comprehension (60 minutes)Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each question.Passage 1Marketing is one of the most important functions of any business. It involves understanding the needs and wants of customers and creating products or services that satisfy those needs and wants. Successful marketing requires analyzingconsumer behavior, developing effective advertising strategies, and building strong relationships with customers.Question 1: What is the main focus of marketing?A. Understanding customer needsB. Creating advertising strategiesC. Building relationships with suppliersD. Developing new productsQuestion 2: What is an essential aspect of successful marketing?A. Analyzing employee behaviorB. Ignoring customer feedbackC. Understanding consumer behaviorD. Focusing solely on profitsQuestion 3: What is the purpose of developing effective advertising strategies?A. To increase costsB. To build relationships with competitorsC. To satisfy customer needsD. To decrease salesQuestion 4: Why is it important to build strong relationships with customers?A. To increase expensesB. To improve employee productivityC. To attract new competitorsD. To increase customer loyaltyPart II Vocabulary and Structure (40 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. Complete each sentence with one word that fits in the blank.Example:0. The workers were _______ to go on strike.Question 1: The most important _____ in life is health.Question 2: She was _____ happy to see him again after so many years.Question 3: The company's profits have been steadily _______.Question 4: He was unable to_______ his feelings and started crying.Question 5: The project was a great _______ and everyone congratulated him.Part III Writing (30 minutes)Directions: In this part, you are to write within 200 words an essay on the topic "The Importance of Time Management in the Workplace." In your essay, you should discuss why time management is essential, provide examples of effective time management strategies, and explain how good time management can lead to increased productivity and success in the workplace.Overall, the 2010 MBA Joint Entrance Examination English II Test focused on testing students' reading comprehension, vocabulary, and writing skills. It challenged students to think critically about marketing principles, language structure, and the importance of time management in a professional setting. Participants were required to demonstrate their ability to analyze information, communicate effectively, and presentwell-organized arguments.。

2010真题及答案

Listening Comprehension:1-10 DDACA BDCCD11-20 DBADD BCBDA21-30 CBADC ABACA2010SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.1. The following details have been checked during the conversation EXCEPTA. number of travelers.B. number of tour days.C. flight details.D. room services.2. What is included in the price?A. Air tickets and local transport.B. Local transport and meals.C. Air tickets, local transport and breakfast.D. Air tickets, local transport and all meals.3. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. The traveler is reluctant to buy travel insurance.B. The traveler is ready to buy travel insurance.C. The traveler doesn't have to buy travel insurance.D. Travel insurance is not mentioned in the conversation.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.4. Which of the following details is CORRECT?A. Mark knows the exact number of airport buses.B. Mark knows the exact number of delegates' spouse.C. Mark doesn't know the exact number of delegates yet.D. Mark doesn't know the number of guest speakers.5. What does Linda want to know?A. The arrival time of guest speakers.B. The departure time of guest speakers.C. The type of transport for guest speakers.D. The number of guest speakers.6. How many performances have been planned tbr the conference?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Not mentioned.7. Who will pay for the piano performance?A. Pan-Pacific Tours.B. Johnson & Sons Events.C. Conference delegates.D. An airline company.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.8. What is NOT missing in Mary's briefcase?A. Her cheque book.B. Her papers for work.C. Her laptop.D. Her appointment book.9. Where was Mary the whole morning?A. At the police station.B. At a meeting.C. In her client's office.D. In the restaurant.10. Why was Mary sure that the briefcase was hers in the end?A. The papers inside had the company's name.B. The briefcase was found in the restaurant.C. The restaurant manager telephoned James.D. The cheque book inside bore her name.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, yott will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.11. We learn from the passage that about two-thirds of the courses are taught through___.A. the School of Design and Visual Arts.B. the School of Social Work.C. the School of Business.D. the Arts and Sciences program.12. What is the cost of undergraduate tuition?A. Twenty thousand dollars.B. Thirty thousand dollars.C. Twenty-seven thousand dollars.D. Thirty-eight thousand dollars.13. International students can receive all the following types of financial assistance EXCEPTA. federal loans.B. private loans.C. scholarships.D. monthly payment plans. Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.14. According to the passage, mothers in ____ spend more time looking after children.A. FranceB. AmericaC. DenmarkD. Australia15. Which of the following activities would Australian fathers traditionally participate in?A. Feeding and playing with children.B. Feeding and bathing children.C. Taking children to the park and to school.D. Taking children to watch sports events.16. According to the study, the "new man" likes toA. spend more time at work.B. spend more time with children.C. spend time drinking after work.D. spend time on his computer.17. It is suggested in the passage that the "new man" might be less acceptable inA. France.B. Britain.C. Australia.D. Denmark.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.18. The services of the new partnership are provided mainly to____.A. mothers of infected babies.B. infected children and women.C. infected children in cities.D. infected women in cities.19. Which of the following details about Family Health International is INCORRECT?A. It is a nonprofit organization.B. It provides public health services.C. It carries out research on public health.D. It has worked in five countries till now.20. The example of Cambodia mainly shows_____.A. the importance of government support.B. the importance of public education efforts.C. the progress the country has made so far.D. the methods used to fight AIDS.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.21. According to the news, the victim wasA. a 17-year-old girl.B. a 15-year-old boy.C. a 23-year-old woman.D. an l 8-year-old man.22. We learn from the news that the suspects were arrestedA. one month later.B. two months later.C. immediately.D. two weeks later. Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.23. The Iraqi parliament can vote on the security agreement only after____.A. all parties have agreed on it.B. the US troops have pulled out.C. the cabinet has reviewed it.D. the lawmakers have returned from Mecca.24. According to the news, the US troops are expected to completely pull out byA. mid-2009.B. the end of 2009.C. mid-2011.D. the end of 2011. Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.25. The following are involved in the operations to rescue the children in Honduras EXCEPTA. the police.B. the district attorney.C. the prison authorities.D. Institute of Childhood and Family.26. What punishment would parents face if they allowed their children to beg?A. To be imprisoned and fined.B. To have their children taken away.C. To be handed over to the authorities.D. None.Question 27 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item. you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now, listen to the news.27.What is the news item about?A. Coastlines in Italy.B. Public use of the beach.C. Swimming and bathing.D. Private bathing clubs.Question 28 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now, listen to the news.28.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the news?A. The airport was shut down for Friday.B. There was a road accident involving two buses.C. Local shops were closed earlier than usual.D. Bus service was stopped for Friday.Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.29.How many people were rescued from the apartment building?A. 17.B. 24.C. 21.D. 41.30. Which of the following details in the news is CORRECT?A. The rescue operation involved many people.B. The cause of the explosions has been determined.C. Rescue efforts were stopped on Thursday.D. The explosions didn't destroy the building.Freshmen's WeekBritain has a well-respected higher education system / and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world. / But to those who are new to this system, it can sometimes be confusing. / October is usually the busiest month in the academic calendar. / Universities have something called Freshmen’s Week for their newcomers. / It’s a great opportu nity to make new friends, / join lots of clubs and settle into university life. / However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, / the prospect of meeting strangers in classrooms and dormitories can be worrying. / Where do you start and who should you make friends with? / Which clubs and societies should you join? / Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you. / They worry about starting their university social life on the right foot. / So just take it all in slowly. / Don’t rush into anything that you’ll regret for the next three years./专四听写评分原则：1. 听写共分15小节;每节1分。

2010年MBA英语真题参考答案(完整版)

1-5 : d d b a a6-10: b d c b a11-15: a d d a a16-20: b d c d b21-25: d c c c c26-30：a c b c b31-35：a d d c b36-40：d c c b c41-45：f t f t f或者1-5 : d d b a a 6-10: b d c b a11-15: a d d a a 16-20: b d c d b21-25: d c c c c 26-30：a c b c b31-35：a d d c b 36-40：d c c b c41-45：f t f t f46（翻译）翻译第1题：本质如今已成一个热门话题，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦非本质个人生活，使他清楚面向本质的价值观，必须惯彻每天的行动和选择中。

翻译第2题：Ning回忆起了1990年代，买保险的迷茫时光，他通过蓬勃兴起的网络疯狂找工作与Boulder代理机构签了约。

翻译第3题：事情进展不顺利，TedNing说到：那真是个糟糕的选择，因为我对此没有激情，可以预料到他在工作中的矛盾能解释为没有业务NING说：我很痛苦渴望午夜起来盯着天花板，我没钱需要工作，每个人都说等吧，只要有耐心会好转的47 （范文）Dear **:I am writing you this letter to express my gratitude first for you kindness and hospitality towards me. During my visit of sino-American cultural exchange in your country, I've learned a lot about your people's custom and speical culture. Your help and guidance is so important for me.I'm now quite interested in american culture and hope to further know it in the future. As the world globalization developes, I think this is of great significance for both of us. The other thing isthat I'd like to ask you to have a visit in china in due course. Then I can have the opportunity to welcome you back and show you something about our Chinese culture. Hope you can come soon!转自:<a href='/mba/'>在职MBA招生网</a>。

月在职MBA英语真题及答案

2010年10月在职MBA英语真题•Paper One试卷一（120 minutes）Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes，10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.16．If the work by the end of this month is delayed，the construction company will be heavily fined．A．is completed B．to be completedC．will have been completed D．will be completedl7．Had Paul received six more votes in the last election，he our chairman now．A．must be B．would have been C．shall be D．would be18．pollution control measures tend to be money consuming，many industries hesitate to adopt them．A．Although B．However C．When D．Sincel9．is often the case with a new idea，much initial activity and optimistic discussion produce no concrete proposal．A．It B．Which C．As D．That20．According to the of the contract，employees must give six months’notice if they intend to leave．A．laws B畆ules C．terms D．details21．All of the plants now raised on farms have been developed from plants in the wild．A．once they grew B．that once grewC．they grew once D．once grew22．The meter can detect even a very small amount of gas in the room．A．sensible B．sensitive C．sensing D．sensed23．Not until recent years a popular means of communication．A．e-mail became B．e-mail has becomeC．did e-mail become D．will e-mail become24．Mobile phones have proved to with flight instruments and have a negative effect on flight safety．A．interfere B．disturb C．interrupt D．trouble25．Although there are many predictions about the future，no one knows for sure the world would be like in 50 years．A．how B．that C．which D．what26．The bank manager asked his assistant if it was possible for him to the investment plan within a week．A．work out B．put out C．make out D．set out27．I was speaking to Ann on the phone about our tour plan suddenly we were cut off．A．that B．while C．before D．when28．Television will provide information on prices at the nearby shops news and entertainment．A．as many as B．as far as C．as well as D．as long as29．，the researchers cannot concentrate on that very precise experiment．A．With you standing there B．On your standing thereC．You are standing there D．You stand there30．Jane takes an interest in clothes and is very particular about what she wears．A．exhaustive B．excelling C．executive D．excessive31．She went to Europe on vacation but her happy time ended in when their hotel caught fire．A．tragedy B．crisis C．drama D．misfortune32．You could become a good musician，but your lack of practice is you．A．taking．．．over B．holding．．．backC．making．．．up D．leaving．．．out33．Retail sales volume in local urban and rural areas rose 57.8% and 46.8% last year．A．individually B．respectively C．correspondingly D．accordingly34．The managing director took the for the accident，although it was not really his fault．A．guilt B．blame C．charge D．accusation35．It is requested that all the students present at the meeting tomorrow．A．were B．will be C．are D．bePart III Reading Comprehension (55 minutes，40 points)Directions：There are four passages in this part．Each of the passages is followed by five questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A，B, C and D．Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center．Passage OneIn ancient Greek, the term euthanatos meant“easy death”. Today euthanasia (安乐死) generally refers to mercy killing，the voluntary (自愿) ending of the life of someone who is terminally ill．Like abortion，euthanasia has become a legal，medical，and moral issue over which opinion is divided．Euthanasia can be either active or passive．Active euthanasia means that a physician or other medical personnel takes an action that will result in death，such as giving an overdose of deadly medicine．Passive euthanasia means letting a patient die for lack of treatment，or stopping the treatment that has begun．Examples of passive euthanasia include taking patients off a breathing machine or removing other life-support systems．Stopping the food supply is also considered passive．A good deal of the debate about mercy killing originates from the decision-making process．Who decides whether a patient is to die? This issue has not been solved legally in the United States．The matter is left to state law, which usually allows the physician in charge to suggest the option of death to a patient’s relatives，especially if the patient is brain dead．In an attempt to make decisions about when their own lives should end, several terminally ill patients in the early 1990s used a controversial suicide device，developed by Dr. Jack Kevorkian, to end their lives.In parts of Europe, the decision-making process has become very flexible．Even in cases where the patients are not brain dead，patients have been put to death without their approval at the request of relatives or at the suggestion of physicians．Many cases of passive euthanasia involve old people or newborn infants. The principle justifying this practice is that such individuals have a “life not worthy of life”.In countries where passive euthanasia is not legal, the court systems have proved very tolerant in dealing with medical personnel who practice it．In Japan, for example, if physicians follow certain guidelines they may actively carry out mercy killings on hopelessly ill people. Courts have also been somewhat tolerant of friends or relatives who have assisted terminally ill patients to die．36．A terminally ill patient is one who .A．gets worse every day B．can never get well againC．is very seriously ill in the end D．is too ill to want to live on37．The difference between active and passive euthanasia is whether .A．there is an action that speeds up the death of the patientB．the breathing machine is taken off the patientC．an overdose of deadly medicine is usedD．the patient is denied food supply38．According to the passage，who has/have the legal responsibility to decide on euthanasia?A．The national or state government．B．The patient’s relatives．C．Physicians in charge of the patient．D．The answer varies from country to country．39．The principle justifying passive euthanasia in Europe is that terminally ill patients are .A．living a life without consciousnessB．living a life that can hardly be called lifeC．too old or too weak to live onD．too old or too young to approve of euthanasia40．The attitude of the writer toward euthanasia is .A．negative B．positive C．objective D．casualPassage TwoNext week, as millions of families gather for their Thanksgiving (感恩节) feasts，many other Americans will go without．According to the United States Department of Agriculture，more than 12 million households lack enough food for everyone in their family at some time during the year—including holidays．Hunger is surprisingly widespread in our country—one of the world’s wealthiest—yet the government estimates that we waste almost 100 billion pounds of food each year，more than one-quarter of our total supply．Reducing this improper distribution of resources is a goal of America’s Second Harvest，the nation’s largest domestic hunger-relief organization．Last year，it distributed nearly 2 billion pounds of food to more than 23 million people in need．America’s Second Harvest is a network of 214 inter-connected food banks and other organizations that gather food from growers，processors，grocery stores and restaurants．In turn，the network distributes food to some 50，000 soup kitchens，homeless shelters and old people’s centers in every county of every state.A great deal of work is involved in distributing tons of food from thousands of donors (捐赠者) to hundreds of small, nonprofit organizations．Until a few years ago，America’s Second Harvest lacked any effective way to manage their inventory．Without accurate and timely information，soup kitchens were sometimes empty while food was left to spoil in loading places．In 2000, America’s Second Harvest began to use a new inventory and financial-management system—Ceres．It is software designed specifically for hunger-relief operations．It is used by more than 100 America’s Second Harvest organizations to track food from donation to distribution．Ceres has helped reduce the spoiling of food and improve distribution．An evaluation found that the software streamlined food banks’operations by 23 percent in the first year alone．With more accurate and timely reports，Ceres saves time，flees staff members to focus on finding new donors，and promises more efficient use of donations.Hunger in America remains a troubling social problem．Technology alone cannot solve it．But in the hands of organizations such as America’s Second Harvest, it is a powerful tool that is helping to make a difference—and helping more Americans to join in the feast41．According to the passage，the total supply of food in America every year reaches .A．12 million pounds B．more than 12 million poundsC．almost 100 billion pounds D．about 400 billion pounds42．By“this improper distribution of resources”in Paragraph 3，the writer means that many Americans lack enough food while .A．their country is one of the richest in the worldB．much food is left to spoilC．others waste too much foodD．others consume too much food43．A problem for America’s Second Harvest a few years ago was that．A．it did not get enough food from donorsB．it did not have a large enough networkC．it did not have enough soup kitchensD．it did not have a good way to manage its food stock44．With Ceres，America’s Second Harvest is now able to．A．enlarge its networkB．prevent food from spoilingC．give out food more efficientlyD．solve the hunger problem in the country45．The main idea of the passage is that .A．technology can help in the fight against hungerB．America’s Second Harvest has found more donorsC．America’s Second Harvest promotes the development of technologyD．hunger is a problem even in the wealthiest country in the worldPassage ThreeThe differences in living standards around the world are vast．In 1993, the average American had an income of about $25,000．In the same year，the average Mexican earned $7,000，and the average Nigerian earned $l,500．Not surprisingly，this large variation in average income is reflected in various measures of the quality of life．Changes in living standards over time are also large．In the United States，incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year (after adjusting for changes in the cost of living)．At this rate，average income doubles every 35 years．In some countries，economic growth has been even more rapid．In Japan，for instance，average income has doubled in the past 20 years，and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years．What explains these large differences in living standards among countries and over time? The answer is surprisingly simple．Almost all variation in living standards is attributable to differences in countries’productivity—that is，the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker’s time．In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time，most people enjoy a high standard of living；in nations where workers are less productive，most people must endure a more meager existence．Similarly，the growth rate of a nation’s productivity determines the growth rate of its average income．The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple, but its implications are far-reaching．If productivity is the primary determinant of living standards，other explanations must be of secondary importance．For example，people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century．Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity．The relationship between productivity and living standards also has great implications for public policy．When thinking about how any policy will affect living standards，the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services．To improve living standards，policymakers need to raise productivity by ensuring that workers are well educated，have the tools needed to produce goods and services，and have access to the best available technology．46．Which of the following countries has enjoyed the fastest economic growth in history?A．Mexico．B．The United States．C．Japan．D．South Korea．47．The word“meager”in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to“”.A．modest B．poor C．meaningless D．plentiful48．What is the most important factor that leads to the rise in living standards of average people?A．Labor unions．B．Minimum-wage laws．C．Rising productivity．D．Favorable public policy．49．The study of the relationship between productivity and living standards is significant in that．A．it calls policymakers’attention to a qualified work forceB．it encourages workers to get better educationC．it helps improve the workers’ability to produce goods and servicesD．it enables policymakers to access the latest technology50．The passage mainly discusses .A．the differences in average income among countriesB．the relationship between productivity and living standardsC．the causes of the rise in living standardsD．the importance of raising productivityPassage FourNot so long ago almost any student who successfully completed a university degree could find a good career quite easily．Companies toured the academic institutions，competing with each other to select graduates．However，those days are gone，even in Hong Kong，and nowadays graduates often face strong competition in the search for jobs．Most careers organizations highlight three stages for graduates to follow in the process of securing a suitable career：recognizing abilities，matching these to available jobs and presenting them well to possible employers．Job seekers have to make a careful assessment of their own abilities．One area of assessment should be of their academic qualifications，which would include special skills within their subject area．Graduates should also consider their own personal values and attitudes．An honest assessment of personal interests and abilities such as creative skills，or skills acquired from work experience，should also be given careful thought．The second stage is to study the opportunities available for employment and to think about how the general employment situation is likely to develop in the future．To do this，graduates can study job and position information in newspapers，or they can visit a careers office．write to possible employers for information or contact friends or relatives who may already be involved in a particular profession．After studying all the various options，they should be in a position to make informed comparisons between various careers．Good personal presentation is essential in the search for a good career. Job application forms and letters should，of course，be filled in carefully and correctly，without grammar or spelling errors．Where additional information is asked for，job seekers should describe their abilities and work experience in more depth，with examples if possible．They should try to balance their own abilities with the employer’s needs，explain why they are interested in a career with the particular company and try to show that they already know something about the company and its activities．When graduates go to an interview，they should prepare properly by finding out all they can about the possible employer．Dressing suitably and arriving for the interview on time are also important．Interviewees should try to give positive and helpful answers and should not be afraid to ask questions about anything they are unsure about．This is much better than pretending to understand a question and giving an unsuitable answer．51．“Those days are gone，even in Hong Kong”in Paragraph 1 suggests that．A．finding a good career used to be easier in Hong Kong than elsewhereB．now everyone in Hong Kong has an equal chance of finding a good jobC．graduates now face stronger competition in Hong Kong than elsewhereD．even in Hong Kong companies tour universities trying to select graduates52．It is implied in Paragraph 3 that graduates should .A．aim to give a balanced account of what the employer needsB．consider careers which suit their values，interests and abilitiesC．recognize their own abilities regardless of what the employer looks forD．stress their personal attitudes and values in job applications53．According to Paragraph 4，graduates should．A．find a good position and then compare it with other careersB．ask friends or relatives to secure them a good jobC．get information about a number of careers before making comparisonsD．study the opportunities and the kinds of training that will be available54．In the last paragraph，the writer seems to suggest that．A．interviewees should appear humble if they can’t give an answerB．dressing properly is more important than being able to give an answerC．it is better for interviewees to be honest than to pretend to understandD．it is a good idea for interviewees to be boastful in their answers55．According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true?A．Until recently it was quite easy for graduates to get good jobs in Hong Kong．B．Job seekers should consider as many related factors as possible．C．Businesses used to visit the universities in Hong Kong to select graduates．D．Graduates used to compete with each other for a good job in Hong Kong．Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes，5 points)Directions：There are ten blanks in the following passage．For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A，B, C and D．Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center．Adult education is the practice of teaching and educating adults．This is often done in the workplace，or 56“continuing education”courses at secondary schools, or at a college or university．Educating adults differs from educating 57 in several ways．One of the most important 58 is that adults have gained knowledge and experience which can 59add value to a learning experience or interfere with it．Another important difference is that adults frequently must apply their knowledge in some 60 fashion in order to learn effectively；there must be a 61 and a reasonable expectation that the new knowledge will help them further that goal．One example，62 in the 1990s，was the spread of computer training courses in 63 adults，most of them office workers，could enroll．These courses would teach basic use of the operating system or specific application 64．Because the skills 65 to interact with a PC were so new，many people who had been working white-collar jobs for ten years or more eventually took such training courses，either of their own will(to gain computer skills and thus can higher pay)or at the request of their managers．56．A．by B．from C．on D．through57．A．children B．students C．workers D．employees58．A．signs B．features C．differences D．practices59．A．either B．neither C．both D．so60．A．probable B．practical C．modern D．routine61．A．plan B．prospect C．goal D．possibility62．A．normal B．common C．regular D．profitable63．A．that B．which C．those D．whose64．A．software B．hardware C．technology D．framework65．A．related B．designed C．expected D．requiredPaper Two试卷二(60 minutes)Part V Translation (3 0 minutes，l 5 points)Directions：Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEETOne of the really nice features about e-mails is that they allow us to send files as attachments to other users．This is a very good thing．If I’m working with a colleague and want to send him an image file or a word file，I can do so very quickly and easily，without having to fax it to him．This saves on long distance bills and printing costs．It also，however，presents a problem，because attachments can take a long time to download．For those of us who pay by the hour forInternet service，unwanted attachments can be quite costly and time-consuming．I once had someone send me fifteen large image files，and it tied up my computer for 20 minutes just to download one of them．So，in short，if you’re going to send an attachment，get permission first．Part VI Writing (30 minutes，15 points)Directions：You are to write in no less than 120 words on the title of“College Students Should (Not)Be Permitted to Live Off Campus”．You are to take a position, either for or against the matter, and give your reasons．You should base your composition on the following Chinese outline．近年来大学生在校外租房居住的现象越来越多，这个问题已引起社会各界的关注。

2010年真题及答案

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 American’ National Research Council sent to engineers to supervise a series o f industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lignting__1__workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended __2___giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, t he extremely influential idea that the very___3____to being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.The idea arose because of the __4____behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to __5____of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6____what was done in the experiment; ___7_someting was changed ,productivity rose. A(n)___8___that they were being experimented upon seemed to be ____9___to alter workers’ behavior ____10____itself.After several decades, the same data were _11__ to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store _12 __the descriptions on record, no systematic _13__ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to__ 14__ interpretation of what happed.__ 15___ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output __16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and__ 17 __to rise for the next couple of days.__ 18__ , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers__ 19__ to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case , before __20 __a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged” Hawthorne effect “ is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B]up [C] with [D] off3. [A]truth [B]sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C]mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A]requirements [B]explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B]shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] pealliar to13. [A] evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source14. [A] disputable [B]enlightening [C]reliable [D]misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B]accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued20. [A]breaking [B]climbing [C]surpassing [D]hitingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the m ost far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant c ollections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of new spaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther rem oved from the unfocused newspaper review spublished in England between the turn of t he 2 0th century and the eve of World War Ⅱ, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts crit icism was consi dered an ornament to the publications in which it appe ared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted tha t the cri tics of major papers woul dwri te in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bern ard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trus ted to know what they were a bout. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end upin journalism, ”Newman wrote, “ that I am tempted to define‘journalism’ as ‘a term of cont empt appl ied by writers who are not read to writers who are’. ”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays ont he game of cricket. During his l ifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography（1947）became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so ho nored. Yet on ly one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revi val? The prospect seems remote. Jour nalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern reader shave little use for the ric hly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before world warⅡwere characterized by[A] free themes.[B] casual style.[C] elaborate layout.[D] radical viewpoints.23. which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on？[A] It is writers’ duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C]His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D]His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days.[B] The lost Horizon in Newspapers.[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism.[D] Prominent Critics in Memory.Text 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its “one-click” online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski , as the case is known , is “a very big deal”, says Dennis’D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judge s, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should” reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reacting to the anti_ patent trend at the supreme court” ,says Harole C.wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word “about-face” (Line 1, Paro 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the “two step flow of communication”: Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don’t seem to be required of all.The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence-even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to peopl e’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call “global cascades”- the widespread propagation of influence through networks - is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adoptingneighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.31.By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A]analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B]discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas[C]exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics[D]describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32.The author suggests that the “two-step-flow theory”[A]serves as a solution to marketing problems[B]has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C]has won support from influentials[D]requires solid evidence for its validity33.what the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34.The underlined phrase “these people” in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35.what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A]The eagerness to be accepted[B]The impulse to influence others[C]The readiness to be influenced[D]The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be work ing. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who “question our motives.” Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls “the use of judgment by management.”European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real word” and that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be rec ognized and dealt with. America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility form special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B]collect payments from third parties[C]cooperate with the price managers[D]reevaluate some of their assets.37.According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A]the diminishing role of management[B]the revival of the banking system[C]the banks’ long-term asset losses[D]the weakening of its independence38.According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to[A]keep away from political influences.[B]evade the pressure from their peers.[C]act on their own in rule-setting.[D]take gradual measures in reform.39.The author thinks the banks were “on the wrong planet ”in that they[A]misinterpreted market price indicators[B]exaggerated the real value of their assets[C]neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D]denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40.The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A]satisfaction.[B]skepticism.[C]objectiveness[D]sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which dose not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] Th e first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined-France, Germany, Italy, and Spain-are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don’t eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”: hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is grow ing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000-more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins arehigher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefullyand then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should bewritten clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on econom ic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of the century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.(46)Scientists ju mped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn nearer the point of adm itting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists som ewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species. Here again, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is only in recent years that we hear the more honest argumentthat predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to exte rminate the m f or the sake of a benefit, real or fancied, to itself.Some species of tree have been“read out of the party” by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops.(49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. Moreover, some have been found to have a valuable function in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its constit uent tree species, ground flora, and fauna is taken for granted.To sum up: a systemof conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore , and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value,but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the Postgraduates’ Associ ation a notice to recruit volunteers for an international c onference on globalization. The notice should include the basic qualificationsof applicants and other information which you think is relevant.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own nam e at the end of the notice. Use "postgraduates’ Association" instead.（10 points）Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （20 points）2010年答案：Section I: Use of English (10 points)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)Part B (10 points)Part C (10 points)46 . 科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据来补救，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制昆虫数量的话，昆虫就会把我们吃光。

2010年考题(解析版)

英语试卷一Part I Reading Comprehension (35 minutes, 40 points)Passage 1题型解析1. In order to understand Jane‟s character better, one should know _________.【细节题】2. Which of the following words best describes Jane‟s character?【细节题】3. We may assume that the paragraph which goes before the first two paragraphs mainly introduced ____.【推理题】4. According to the passage, the tone of the book Cranford is ______.【主旨题】5. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.【推理题】篇章解析Jane, too, was no ordinary person in the novel ——Jane Eyre. To appreciate(欣赏) her character(性格), you must of course start at the beginning of the book and know her unhappy childhood and the crisis(危机) that drove her from her unfeeling(无情的，冷酷的) aunt; know her years at Lowood School and the nature of that school; know her love for Miss Temple who departed and for Helen Burns who died. You will then better understand what lay behind Jane‟s outlook(观点) and strength of mind(性格).With two such unusual characters and with some strange secret in the heart of the story, you will realize what possibilities are contained(包含) in Jane Eyre.Another book about early nineteenth century life that will attract many girls is Cranford by Mrs. Gaskell. It is a series of(一系列)sketches(素描)(with something of a story running through them) about the society —the feminine (女性的) society —of a Cheshire village. Their life is described with a mixture(混合) of quiet humor and a delicate(微妙的)sentiment(多愁善感) and with, indeed, deeper feelings openly displayed as well(也). The story is told by a girl named Mary Smith and it centers upon(将…当做中心) Miss Matty —Miss Matilda Jenkyns —an elderly, single lady whose character is one of simple goodness. Other characters are her ladies who form “society”in the village. Cranford has been called “a grown-up fairy tale”and, gentle though it may be, it‟s one of the notable(著名的) books about early Victorian England.习题解析1. In order to understand Jane‟s character better, one should know _________.A. the book she wroteB. the secret in her heartC. her early experiencesD. her feeling for those dear to herthat drove her from her unfeeling(无情的，冷酷的) aunt; know her years at Lowood School and the nature of that school【答案】C2. Which of the following words best describes Jane‟s character?A. strong-willedB. lovableC. unfeelingD. self-sacrificing【解析】You will then better understand what lay behind Jane‟s outlook(观点) and【答案】A3. We may assume that the paragraph which goes before the first two paragraphs mainly introduced ________.A. Jane‟s outlook on lifeB. the strange secret in the storyC. another extraordinary character in the bookD. another book describing the nineteenth century life【解析】Jane, too, was no ordinary person in the novel ——Jane Eyre. With two such unusual characters and with some strange secret in the heart of the story【答案】C4. According to the passage, the tone of the book Cranford is ______.A. gentle and friendlyB. humorous and sentimentalC. deep and impressiveD. optimistic and encouraging【解析】Their life is described with a mixture(混合) of quiet humor and a delicate(微妙的)and with, indeed, deeper feelings openly displayed as well(也).【答案】B5. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.A. both Jane Eyre and Cranford reflect life in the early 19th centuryB. the characters in Cranford have a deep feeling for simple country lifeC. Cranford tells about the life story of a girl named Mary SmithD. Cranford is a better known book than Jane Eyre.【解析】Another book about early nineteenth century life that will attract many girls is Cranford by Mrs. Gaskell. 【答案】A知识点总结✧ a series of 一系列✧center upon 把…当作中心Passage 2题型解析6. Well-nourished children tend to do all the following but _________.【细节题】7. Which of the following statement is NOT true?【判断题】8. Malnutrition may be caused by __________. 【细节题】9. It is implied in the passage that ________. 【推理题】10. What‟s the main idea of the passage?【主旨题】篇章解析Nutritional (营养的) status affects children‟s behavior. Well-nourished(营养良好的)children are more alert(警惕的，警觉的)and attentive(专心的)and are better able to benefit from physical(身体的)and learning experience. Poorly nourished(营养不良) children may be quiet and withdrawn(沉默寡言的), or too active during class activities. Fat children also face many problems. They are often slow and less able to participate in(参与) physical activity. They may suffer from(遭受)being laughed at(嘲笑)and emotional stress by being excluded from(排斥) playmates.Children‟s resistance(抵抗) to infection(感染) and illness is also definitely influenced by their nutritional status. Children who are well nourished are less likely to(不太可能做某事)become ill; they also recover(恢复)more quickly when they are sick. Poorly nourished children are more sensitive to(对…敏感) infections and illness. Illness also increases the need for some nutrients (营养物质). Thus poor nutrition creates a cycle of illness, poorer nutritional status, and lowered resistance to illness.Malnutrition(营养不良)is a serious problem for many young children but it is not always associated with(把…和联系起来) poverty or a poor environment. Children of middle and upper income families may also be malnourished(营养不良的)because of(由于) unwise food selections. Malnutrition occurs when there is prolonged (拖延的) imbalance(不平衡) of the nutrients that are required and the nutrients that are actually eaten. Malnutrition may be the result of under-nutrition or over-nutrition.It is important that both of these conditions be avoided in young child. An adequate(充足的)intake(摄入) of all required nutrients is most vital during early periods of growth and development. Also, the effects of nutritional deficiency(缺乏)on physical development during early childhood are less likely to be changed by improved dietary(饮食的) intake later.习题解析6. Well-nourished children tend to do all the following but _________.A. be attentive while learningB. be too active in classD. behave very properlychildren may be quiet and withdrawn(沉默寡言的), or too active during class activities.【答案】B7. Which of the following statement is NOT true?A. Children‟s resistance to illness is directly proportional to(与…成正比) their poor nutritional status.B. The well-nourished tend to recover quickly when they are ill.C. The poorly-nourished are most likely to(更有可能做某事) be the victims of any infections disease.D. The …cycle‟ indicates that illness can turn the poor nutritional condition for the worse.【解析】Children‟s resistance(抵抗) to infection(感染) and illness is also definitely influenced by their nutritional status.【答案】A8. Malnutrition may be caused by __________.A. a poor environmentB. unwise food selectionsC. under-nutritionD. all of the above…. but it is not always associated with(把…和联系起来)Children of middle and upper income families may also be malnourished(营养不良 unwise food selections Malnutrition may be the result of under-nutrition or over-nutrition.【答案】D9. It is implied in the passage that ________.A. over-nutrition is even more harmful than under-nutritionD. the nutrients intake can be improved as the child grows up【解析】It is important that both of these conditions be avoided in young child. An adequate(充足的)intake(摄入) of all required nutrients is most vital during early periods of growth and development. Also, the effects of nutritional deficiency(缺乏)on physical development during early childhood are less likely to be changed by improved dietary(饮食的) intake later【答案】C10. What‟s the main idea of the passage?A. The difference between well and poorly nourished children.B. The effects of nutrition on children.C. The cause of malnutrition.D. The importance of balanced dietary intake.【解析】It is important that both of these conditions be avoided in young child…. is most vital during early periods of growth and development…during early childhood are less likely to be changed【答案】B知识点总结✧participate in 参与✧suffer from 遭受✧laugh at 嘲笑✧be less likely to 不太可能做某事✧be more sensitive to 对…敏感✧associate with 把…和联系起来✧because of 由于✧benefit from 受益于✧be directly proportional to 与…成正比✧be most likely to 更有可能做某事✧have serious effect on 对…有严重影响Passage 3题型解析11. What is the best title for the passage?【主旨题】12. The women‟s answers to the in vestigation indicate that ______. 【细节题】13. According to the passage which of the following is NOT true?【判断题】14. It can be inferred from the passage that ________. 【推理题】15. This passage was most probably written in _________. 【推理题】篇章解析In the year 1906 Woodrow Wilson, who was then president of Princeton University said, “Nothing has spread socialistic(社会主义的) feeling in this century more than the automobile(汽车),” and added that it offered “a picture of the arrogance(自大，傲慢)of wealth”. Less than twenty years later, two women of Muncie, Indiana, both of whom were managing on small incomes, spoke their minds to investigators(调查者)gathering facts for that admirable(令人钦佩的，值得赞扬的) study of an American community, Middletown. Said one, who was the mother of nine children. “We‟d rather(宁愿) do without clothes than give up(放弃) the car.” Said the other, “I‟ll go without food before I‟ll see us give up the car.” And elsewhere another housewife, in answer to(响应) a comment on the fact that her family owned a car but no bathtub, uttered(发出)a fitting theme song(主题歌)for the automobile revolution. “Why,” said she, “you can‟t go to town in a bathtub!”This change in the status of the automobile from luxury(奢侈) for the many —a change which, as we shall see, transformed(转变) American communities and daily habits and ideas throughout the half century —did not come about(发生)suddenly. It could not. For it depended upon(依靠)three things. First, a reliable(可靠的), manageable(易操纵的), and not expensive car. Second, good roads. And third, garages and filling stations(加油站) in great number. And all these three requirements had to come slowly, by degrees(逐渐地), each strengthening(加强) the others; a man who had tried to operate(经营) a filling station beside a dusty(落满灰尘的) road in 1906 would have speedily(迅速地)gone bankrupt(破产).习题解析11. What is the best title for the passage?A. The arrogance of AutomobilesB. The Necessity of AutomobileC. The Automobile RevolutionD. The American Automobiles【解析】This change in the status of the automobile from luxury(奢侈) for the many【答案】C12. The women‟s answers to the investigation indicate that __________.A. they usually had no clothes though they had the carB. they thought it more important to have a car than food or clothesC. they could not afford food because they wanted a car moreD. they did not like a bathtub because they had the car【解析】We‟d rather(宁愿) do without clothes than give up(放弃) the car…. I‟ll go without food before I‟ll see us give up the car.【答案】B13. According to the passage which of the following is NOT true?A. Great changes have taken place(发生) in automobiles since 1906.B. Automobiles have changed American daily habits.【解析】a man who had tried to operate(经营) a filling station beside a dusty(落满灰尘的) road in 1906 would have speedily(迅速地)gone bankrupt(破产).【答案】D14. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A. only the wealthy people could afford a car in 1906B. many people would not give up the car because of its necessityC. the change of the status of automobiles did not happen suddenlyD. some women living on small incomes could not afford a car【解析】We‟d rather(宁愿) do without clothes than give up(放弃) the car…. I‟ll go without food before I‟ll see us give up the car.【答案】B15. This passage was most probably written in _________.A. 1920sB. 1930sC. 1950sD. 1970s【解析】In the year 1906…as we shall see, transformed American communities and daily habits and ideas throughout the half century【答案】C知识点总结✧would rather 宁愿✧give up 放弃✧in answer to 响应✧come about 发生✧depend upon 依靠✧go bankrupt 破产✧take place 发生Passage 4题型解析16. What is not said about the landscape in Iceland?【细节题】17. Icelanders‟ religion lies basically in _________. 【细节题】18. We can conclude from the passage that ________.【推理题】19. The underlined word “crucial” (Para. 4, line 4) means______.【词汇题】20. The best title for this passage would be ________. 【主旨题】篇章解析From the beginning of painting in Iceland, it has been the country‟s landscapes(风景) that has been the main subject(主题) for artists.And it should surprise nobody, as closeness to a magnificent(壮丽的) and imposing(壮观的) native land has been the great fountain(喷泉)which has nourished the country‟s children. Not only painters and artists have fed off(以…为食物来源) this source —all Icelanders have to some extent(在一定程度上) received spiritual(精神的) strength and inspiration(灵感) from the country‟s nature.It is because of this that the landscape, the appearance of the country and the moods of nature mean so such to Icelanders. They are moved by pictures from foreign lands. Many places hold a special place in people‟s hearts.Belief in the land is a common expression of those feelings an d views —that the destiny(命运) of land and nation are interrelated(相关的) and that nothing can change this. It is thus maintained(主张), both seriously andjokingly, that Icelanders‟religion lies in(在于)this “belief in the land.”No surprise that pictorial(图像的) representations(代表) of landscape are crucial to Icelanders.The modern age with its variation(变化) and experimentation(实验) in the arts and other fields has created many new outlooks which fly directly in the face of traditional attitudes. These new perspectives(观点) are often fresh winds which prompt(促进) us to reconsider and reform our viewpoints, even if they don‟t overturn(推翻) the old ones. And of course young, creative artists have other things in mind that simply recycling what others have done before them. Those who pioneer(开辟), who present(提出)original(新颖的，独特的)solutions, seldom achieve their breakthroughs(突破) quickly. Their struggle(奋斗) is always exciting —and often the one which bears the most fruit.习题解析16. What is not said about the landscape in Iceland?A. It has always been the main subject for paintings.B. It is the source of energy and inspiration for Icelanders.【解析】[A] it has been the country‟s landscapes(风景) that has been the main subject(主题) for artists.[B] all Icelanders have to some extent received spiritual strength and inspiration from the country‟s nature.[C] Icelanders‟ religion lies in(在于) this “belief in the land.”【答案】D17. Icelanders‟ religion lies basically in _________.A. PaintingB. natureC. the “belief in the land”D. tradition【解析】It is thus maintained(主张), …that Icelanders‟ religion lies in(在于) this “belief in the land.”【答案】C18. We can conclude from the passage that __________.A. traditional attitudes could never be overturnedD. young artists are not so successful because they refuse to follow tradition【解析】Those who pioneer(开辟), who present(提出)original(新颖的，独特的) solutions, seldom achieve their breakthroughs(突破) quickly. Their struggle(奋斗) is always exciting …often the one which bears the most fruit. 【答案】C19. The underlined word “crucial” (Para. 4, line 4) means_________.A. dangerousB. importantC. urgentD. attractive【解析】No surprise that pictorial(图像的)representations(代表) of landscape are crucial to Icelanders.【答案】B20. The best title for this passage would be ________.A. A Nature For ArtB. LandscapeC. CreativityD. Land and Nature【解析】根据全文内容可知，谈论的风景和艺术。

2010年全国硕士研究生考试英语试题及答案

2010年全国硕士研究生考试英语试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDnecclious:Read thc following text.Choose the bcsl word(s) for each numbcred blank.and mark[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 American' National Research Council sent to engineer to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawhtore Plant nearChicago It hoped they would learn how stop-floor Egnting __1__ workors productivity Instead，the studies ended__2__ giving their name to the―Hawhthomeeffect‖the extremely inflentlcel ldea the veey__3__to bemg expenmented upon changed subjects’behaviorThe idea arose because of the__4__behavior of the women in the plato.Accordmg to __5__of the cxpetmems.their.houriy output rose when hghtmg WaSincreased.but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6__what was done in the expenment. __7__sometmg was changed.produchnty rose A(n) __8__ that theywere bemg experimented upon seemed to be __9__t0 alterworkers' bchamor __10__ uselfAfter several decades，the salile data were __11__to econometric the analysis Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store j2一the descnpuons on record，nosystematic __13__was foundthat lcvcls of produchxnty wererelated to changes in lightingIt turns out that peculiar way of conducting the c~enments may be have let to __14__interpretation of what happed.__15__，tighring was always changed ona Sunday When work started again on Monday, output __16__ rose compared with the previous Saturday and __17__ to rise for the next couple of days __18__ , ，a comparison with data for weeks whenthere was no expenmentation showed that output always went up On Monday, workers __19__to be duigent for the first fewdays of the week in any case，before __21__a plateau and thenslackening off This suggests that the alleged‖ Hawthorne effect―is hard to ptn down1.[A] affected [B]achieved [C]exlracted [D]restored2[A]at [B]up [C]with [D]Off3[A]Wuth [B]sight [C]act [D]proof4.[A]conVoversial [B]perplexing [c]mischieous [D]ambiguous5.[A]reqtttrents [B]cxplanalions [C]accounts [D]assements6[A]conclude [B]matter [C]indicate [D]work7[A]as faras [B]for fearthat [C]in casethat [D]so long as8.[A]awarerress [B]expectation [C]sentiment [D]illusion9.[A]suitale [B]excessive [C]enough [D]abundant10.[A]about [B]for [C]on [D]by11[A]compared [B]shown [C]subjected [D]conveyed12.[A]contrary to [B]consistent with [C]parallel with [D]pealliar to13.[A]evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source14.[A]disputable [B]enlightening [C]retiable [D]wasleadmg15.[A]In contast [B]For example [C]In consequence [D]As usual16.[A]duly [B]accidentally [C]unpredictably [D]suddenly17.[A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued20.[A]breaking [B]chrnbing [C]surpassmg [D]hitingSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A]，[B]，[C]or[D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 2Over the past decade,thousands of patents have seen granled for what are called business methods.Amazon com received one forits―one-click‖online paymentsystern Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy.One invenlor patented a tochnique for lying a boxNow the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale hack on business-method patents, which have been controversial e,ver since they were firstauthorized 10 years ago In a movethat has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S court of Appeals for the federal ctrcuit sald it would usea particular case tOconduct a broad review of business-method patents. Inre Bijskl, as the case is known, is―a very big deal‖，says Dermis'D Crouch of the University of MissounSchool of law.It ―has the potential to elinate an entire class of patmts‖Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite tha fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financialproducts, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice。

最强整理 2010年10月英语试卷及参考答案

最强整理2010年10月英语（二）试卷及参考答案2010年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷（课程代码00015）本试卷共9页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。

I. V ocabulary and Structure (10 points,1 point each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。

1. People working outdoors should especially _A_ their skin from the sun.A．protect B．protest C．prefer D. perfect2. Having this disease does not _A_ mean that you will die young.A. necessarilyB. regularlyC. occasionallyD. automatically3. The author of the book benefited a lot _C__ his readers' criticism.A. toB. ofC. fromD. for4. We were delayed at the airport. _B we would have been here earlier.A. SubsequentlyB. OtherwiseC. HoweverD. Consequently5. This article is said to be A to that one in style.A. superiorB. liableC. availableD. accessible6. Statistics show that the normal life C in China is now 72.A. predict/onB. prospectC. spanD. forecast7. Lots of small businesses in that country simply cannot D to buy health insurance for their workers.A. deliver B．offer C．provide D. afford---------------------------------------------------------------------英语（二）试卷第1页（共9页）8. His speech at the ceremony will no doubt B his reputation.A. account forB. add toC. amount toD. allow for9. It is easier for young people to D to new environments than the elderly.A. activateB. adoptC. allocateD. adapt10. A vocabulary index is included for easy DA. inferenceB. differenceC. conferenceD. referenceⅡ. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。

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