人教版英语八年级下册 知识点笔记

Unit1 What’s the matter?1.What’s the matter with sb?常用来询问别人怎么了，也用于医生询问病人有什么不舒服。

= What’s the trouble with sb= What’s the problem with sb?= What’s wrong with sb=What happened to sb?2.常见的患病表达：1.Have a +身体部位+ache. I have a headache.2.Have a+sore+身体部位I have a sore back.3.Have a+ 病症She has a cold.4.There is something wrong with +one’s+身体部位。

There is something wrong with my head. 我的头不舒服。

3.Should 情态动词，（can, may, must , could, will, would等）Should+动词原形；一般疑问句: Should +主语+V原形。

？一般疑问句的回答：Yes，主语（对应人代）+should.No, 主语（对应人代）+shouldn’t.否定句：主语+shouldn’t+V原形。

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+should+主语+V原形？4.反身代词的构成由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词宾格加self或selves组成，意为“本人；亲自；自己”一/二人称：My self, our selves, your self, your selves, 三人称：him self, her self, it self, them selves.常见词组: learn sth by oneself 自学help oneself to…随便吃….Enjoy oneself 玩得开心5.lie,动词：撒谎，lied, lied, lying 名词: 谎言lie，平躺，lay, lain, lying lie down 躺下lay, 下蛋，布置，laid, laid, laying.6.Without, 做介词，意为“没有；无”反义词为“with”后接名词/代词宾格/动名词7.动词固定搭配：1.be used to doing sth…习惯做某事2.have problems(in) doing sth 做某事有困难=have difficulty (in) doing sth=have trouble(in) doing sth.3.mean doing sth 意为着做某事mean to do sth 打算做某事词汇（红色为重要词汇）：1.have a cold 感冒2.have a fever 发烧3.have a sore back 背痛4.have a stomachache 胃痛5.lie down and rest 躺下休息6.see a dentist 看牙医7.get an X-ray 拍X光片8.take one’s temperature 量体温9.cut oneself 割伤自己10.put some medicine on….在。

上敷药11.take breaks = take a break=have a rest休息12.in the same way 以同样的方式13.shout for help 呼救14.get off 下车get on 上车15.to on e’s surprise 出乎某人的意料in surprise 吃惊地be surprised at sth 对…感到惊讶be surprised to do sth 做某事感到惊讶16.thanks to….多亏了…由于…(because of..)17.fall down (from) （从…）摔下来18.run it under water 用水冲洗19.put your head down 低下头20.have a nosebleed 流鼻血21.get hit on the head 头部撞伤22.get sunburned 被晒伤了23.in control of 控制24.mean life and death 意味着生死25.sth run out=sth is used up某物耗尽run out of sth= use sth up 耗尽某物26.give up 放弃27.get into…陷入；参与get out of..从…出来28.right away 立即，马上= at once29.take risks 冒险=take a risk重点单词Matter, lie down, rest, take one’s temperature, have a stomachache, take breaks, hurt, passenger, get off, trouble, right away, get into, herself, press, sick, breathe, ourselves, climber, be used to … accident, run out of , cut off, mean, get out of, importance, decision, spirit, death, give up ,Unit2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.1.动词不定式：to+动词原形。

否定式：not to +动词原形。

1）. 作宾语，用在want, like, hope, try, r等及物动词后，构成动宾结构“V+to do….”。

例如：I want to buy a bike.(wish, start/begin,forget, remember, decide, learn , volunteer….)2）. 作宾语补足语，用在ask, teach, tell, advise等动词后，构成“ V+ sb/sth +to do”的结构。

例如：I ask Tom to bring me a book.(order, wish, would like…..)3）.作主语，为了避免头重脚轻，用it作句子的形式主语。

（特殊句型）例如：It is important for me to study English.4）.作表语，长位于系动词be之后。

例如：My dream is to travel around the world.5）.作定语，位于所修饰的名词或代词后。

例如：Who is the last student to leave.6）.作目的状语，表示行为的目的。

例如：She goes there once a week to help kids.特别注意：1.表示感官的动词（see，hear, watch, feel, notice等）和某些使役动词（let，make, have等）, 其后可跟不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式通常省略to. 例如：He often makes us laugh.2.当上述动词用于被动语态时，作主语补足语的不定式要带to.例如：We are often made to laugh by him3.动词help之后的不定式可带to, 也可不带to. 例如：I oftenhelp students (to) study better.2.动副短语：“动词+副词”构成。

当宾语为人称代词时，要放动词和副词的中间用宾格，当宾语为名词时，放在动词和副词的中间和后面都可以。

例如：put up the notice, put the notice up, put it up.常见的动副短语：clean up, cheer up, call up, put up, fix up, cut up, look up, set up, give out, hand out, find out, help out, cut off, put off, take off, turn off, cut down, write down, turn down, put down, put on, turn on, give away, take away……..3.in order to+动词短语，意为“为了….”= in order that/so that+ 句子4.alone 单独的、单独地,独自一人地= by oneself= on one’s own,live aloneLonely，adj, 孤独的，偏远的。

Feel lonely, live in a lonely island.例句：He doesn’t feel lonely, although he lives alone.尽管他独自生活，但他不感到孤独。

5.主语+make+it+adj+to do sth. 意为“主语让做某事。

”it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为“to do sth”.类似的句型：主语+find+it +adj+to do sth. 意为“主语发现做某事。

”It作主语的句型：It’s +adj+(for/of sb)+ to do sth. 真正的主语为“to do…”6.the+adj,表示一类人。

如：the poor, 穷人；the rich 有钱人；thedisabled 残疾人；the blind 盲人；7.动词短语区别：put up 粘贴，put on穿上，put off推迟，put out 扑灭put..in把..放..里put… down 把…放下8. 动词固定搭配：1.Imagine doing sth 想象做某事（finish，enjoy，practice，mind, stand, keep, avoid）2.Volunteer to do sth 自愿做某事词汇（红色为重要词汇）：1.Clean up 打扫干净4.Cheer up （使）振奋起来1.Give out 分发，e up with 想出；提出=think up3.Put off 推迟4.Hand out 分发5.Call up 打电话给…征召ed to be…过去常常是7.Care for照顾= look after= take care of..8.Try out..参加…选拔；试用9.Raise money 集资，筹钱10.Fix up修理11.Give away赠送；捐赠12.Take after （外貌或行为）像= be like13.Set up 建立14.Make a difference to…对…有影响，对…有作用15.An after-school study program 一个课外学习项目16.Make some notices 制作通知17.At an old people’s home 在一个敬老院18.Read the newspaper to sb 给某人读报纸19.One day 某一天20.Notice sb doing sth 看到某人正在做某事notice sb do sth 看到某人做某事的整个过程21.at the age of+数字在多少岁的时候22.be similar to 与…类似23.be excited about…对…很兴奋重点单词Cheer up, give out, volunteer, come up with, put off, notice, hand out, call up, used to, lonely, care for, several, strong, feeling, satisfaction, joy, owner, journey, raise, alone, repair, fix up, give away, take after, broken, letter, set up, disabled, make a difference to, blind, deaf, imagine, difficulty, open, carry, train, excited, understand, change, interest,Unit3 Could you please clean your room?1.1).表示礼貌地提出请求的句型：Could you please do sth? (谓语动词用原形)该句型的肯定回答：Yes, I can./ Sure./ OK./ Of course./ Certainly./ No problem. (注意不能用could来回答)该句型的否定回答：No, I can’t./ Sorry, I’m afraid not. / Sorry, I have to…（注意不能用could来回答）该句型的否定句型为：Could you please not do sth?2).情态动词could还可以表示过去的能力：I could play guitar at theage of 5.3).还可以表示征询许可，比can更加委婉：Could I use your book?(本句型也多用can来回答，不用could来回答)2. the minute意为“一。