高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第一学期名词与主谓一致巩固提升练习(有答案)
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第一学期概要写作精讲及巩固练习1(有答案)
概要写作1（一）考纲解读1、原文材料300词左右，概要写作60词。
2、原文以说明文、议论文、记叙文为主。
3、概要，基本上就是段落大意。
每段一句话概括，或者两段一个大意，最多用两句话概括就行。
4、要着重训练自己文章主旨大意和各段段落大意的归纳概括能力。
（二）写作步骤与技巧写作步骤1、细读原文，明确文章的主题。
2、根据文章内容划分各段，有些可能是一个段落一个要点，有些是两个段落一个要点。
一般每篇都是3-5个要点。
3、找出每段的主题句。
4、归纳每个要点的大意，注意要用自己的话转述。
写作技巧1、找关键词和主题句，准确理解、分析原文要点，归纳段落大意。
2、各要点的表达要相对独立。
3、多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。
4、句型力求简单，每句话要表意明确，慎用长难句。
可用同义转换: 近义词、同义词等替换，或句子重构: 调整词类、时态、语态等，尽量少用关系代词which, who等引导的定语从句，而用-ing形式和-ed形式作定语。
5、要点之间要有适当的衔接，而且使用较短的连接词。
例如：but, however, yet, then, thus, though, besides, moreover等;少使用或不使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。
通常，使用分号也能达到使用连接词的效果。
（三）模板及句型1、表示文章的内容以及研究目的1)This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with...2)The article focuses on/discusses/is about ...2、表示研究、报道的结论1)The result showed that...2)The author found that...3)It was concluded that...4)It was reported that...3、表示推荐、观点或建议1)The author suggests/considers that...2)Suggestions are made for...4、也可以不用模板，直接就概括文章内容。
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第一学期非谓语动词精讲及巩固练习(有答案)
非谓语动词（一）不定式思维导图（二）动名词思维导图（三）分词思维导图（四）非谓语动词成分（五）写作词组积累考纲词汇短语默写07课堂练习（一）填空1. The next morning she found the man in bed, _____ (lie) dead.2. The furniture ______(deliver) on October 15 was seriously damaged because of a road accident .3. Most of the people_______(invite) to the party were famous scientists.4. —Good morning. Can I help you?—I’d like to have this package________(weigh), madam.5. ________(give) more attention, the trees could have grown better.6. She reached the top of the hill and stopped________(rest) on a big rock by the side of the path.7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands______(tie) behind his back.8. The secretary worked late into the night, _______(prepare) a long speech for the president.9. I can hardly imagine Peter_______(sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.10. The Olympic Games, first________(play) in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.11. __________(not finish) his homework, he was forbidden to watch the game.12. The _________(increase) world population is the result of recent advances in medical science.13. Cleaning women in big cities usually get______ (pay) by the hour.14. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ (make) it the most popular sport in the world.15. Robert is said_________(study) abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.16. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, ______(read) “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”17. It is impossible to avoid ______(influence) by advertisements in a modern society.18. Some people believe that some numbers show the ______(hide) side of a person’s personality.19. —How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?—key to______ (solve) the problem is to meet the demand _______(make) by the customers.20. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains______ (see) whether they will enjoy it.21. The research is so designed that once______ (begin) nothing can be done to change it.22. Time should be made good use of __________（learn）our lessons well.23. Walking past the park, I couldn’t help ______(stop) to watch some children flying kites.24. Generally speaking, when________(take) according to directions, the drug has no side-effect.25. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered_______(issue) clearwarnings before firing any shots.26. There is a new problem _______(involve) in the popularity of private cars that road conditionsneed ______(improve).27. The manager, ______ (know) his factory’s products were poor in quality, decided to give hisworkers further training.28. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _______ (see) whether he was goingin the right direction.29. Don’t be discouraged. ______ (take) things as they are and you will enjoy every day of yourlife.30. Unless______ (invite)to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.1. lying2. delivered3. invited4. weighed5. given6. to rest7. tied8.preparing9. sailing 10. played 11. Not finishing 12. increasing 13. paid 14. making 15. to have studied16. reading 17. being influenced 18. hidden 19. solving made 20. to be seen 21. begun22. to learn 23. stopping 24. taken 25. to issue 26. involved improving 27 knowing28. to see 29. Take 30. invited（二）翻译1、老人们发现越来越难跟上现代科学的发展。
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第一学期强调句和倒装句专项巩固提升练习(有答案)
倒装& 强调句一、高考聚焦1.手机在人们的日常生活中起着如此重要的作用，没有人敢不带手机去旅行。
（So...）So important a role does a phone play in people’s daily life, no one dares to travel without it.2.垃圾分类不仅有助于环境保护还有利于废物循环利用，所以人人要行动起来。
（Not only)Not only does classifying/sorting rubbish help protect the environment, but also it helps recycle waste materials, so everyone should take action.3.他高中一毕业就迫不及待的出国旅游去了。
（Hardly）Hardly had he graduated from the high school when he hurried to travel abroad.4.只有充分利用你遇到的每个机会，你才能实现自己的梦想。
（only）Only by making full use of every chance that you come across can you realize your dream.5.他伤得很严重，应该马上送医院。
(So...)So badly was he wounded that he should be sent to the hospital immediately.6.志愿者活动不仅能使青少年学到如何帮助残疾人，还可以提高他们与陌生人合作的意识。
(Not only…)Not only can volunteer activities enable teenagers to learn how to help the disabled, but they can also raise teenagers’ awareness to cooperate with strangers.Or: Not only can volunteer activities make teenagers learn how to help the disabled, but they can raise teenagers’ awareness to cooperate with strangers as well.7.杰克难得去老师那儿寻求帮助，他觉得自学会使自己受益更多。
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第—学期一轮复习-阅读理解(有答案)
高考一轮复习-语篇理解语篇理解阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个最佳答案。
语篇1Ever had a time in your life where cash hasn’t been as plentiful as you’d like and you’ve needed to tighten the budget? We all have.According to the World Bank, global food prices, driven in part by higher fuel costs, are 36% above their level a year ago. Food and drink are among our biggest ongoing expenses, which means it’s also one of the biggest opportunities for savings.There are changes of the way you buy and prepare food that can make a big impact on your bank account. Making significant savings on your grocery bill isn’t as hard as you might think, and you can still live well. Here is how：COOK FROM THE BEGINNINGIn general, the more preparation or processing steps a food has undergone, the higher the price. So it’s best to cook things from the very beginning where possible. Even small changes can make a big cost difference. Try buying unwashed whole lettuce or salad leaves and giving them a cleaning yourself. The per-kilogram price can be as much as ten times more for prepackaged salad leaves.STEWING MEATSupply and demand play a big role in food pricing. Food that isn’t fashionable can be excellent value for money. Unfortunately，lamb chops aren’t as inexpensive as they once were — but there are still plenty of other options. Look for oxtail, chicken wing tips and feet, or other organs such as livers and lungs. A quick internet search will give you a host of ideas on how to prepare unfamiliar ingredients. A good place to start is with slow cooked casseroles(砂锅菜）or stews.BUY IN BULKA good rule，based on experience，is that “bigger is cheaper”，but larger pack sizes aren’t always better value. It does pay to compare the price to make sure youreally are saving — if you can，check the “ unit pricing”，which compares prices by volume and weight. And make sure you9ll not end up throwing half of it out rather than using it by the expiry (到期) date.TAKE A LISTPlanning ahead is a great way to economize and reduce the risk of expensive impulse (冲动的）purchases, so make a list of what you need before you head to the supermarket. It’s also a good idea not to shop while you’re hungry to resist the urge to pick up unnecessary food items. IGNORE THE LISTGive yourself the flexibility to make the most of supermarket specials and discounts, and to use different ingredients or change your weekly recipe (菜谱）plans depending on what’s on sale or the best value for money on the day.1.It can be learned from the passage that_______________.A.there may be less opportunity for you to save money when food prices are increasing greatlyB.checking the expiry date is important when buying foodsC.the way we prepare our food affects our expensesD.changing your weekly recipe plans will help you stay healthy2.‘‘Buy in bulk” most probably means “_______________’.A.Buy goods in large quantitiesB. Buy unpackaged goods onlyC. Buy what’s on saleD. Buy goods in smaller pack sizes3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Prepackaged food is usually of high quality.B.We had better make a plan in advance about what to buy before going to the supermarket.C.Preparing unfamiliar ingredients usually costs your money and time.D.We should ignore the supermarket specials and discounts to avoid being tricked.语篇2Below is a selection from a popular science book.Which works harder，your heart or your brain?That depends on whether you’ve busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.Where do feelings and emotions come from?Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals(哺乳动物) have this brain area-----from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.Why do teeth fall out , and why don’t they grow back in grown-ups?Baby (or “milk” ) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged , decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you’re done. When they’re gone, they’re gone. This is because nature figures you’re set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switch off.Do old people shrink as they age?Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do , it isn’t because they’re shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine(脊椎) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity. Many (but not all ) men and women do lose height as they got old. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don’t really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards----their legs , arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it’s because the spine has shorter a litter. Or, more often, become more bent and curved.If blood is red , why are veins (静脉) blue?Actually , veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear , yellowish color. Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in a vein nearthe surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light then the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.Why does spinning make you dizzy?Because your brain gets confused between what you’re seeing and what you’re feeling. The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you’re moving while you’re not!1. Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?A. Because their spines is in active use.B. Because they are more easily affected by gravity.C. Because they keep growing backwards.D. Because their spine becomes more bent.2.Which of the following statements about our brain is TRUE?A.In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.B.When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.C.The brain of any other mammal is as complex as the human brain.D.Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.3.What is the color of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?A.Blue.B. Light yellow.C. Red.D. Dark reddish purple.4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To give advice on how to stay healthy.B.To provide information about the human body.C.To challenge new findings in medical research.D.To report the latest discoveries in medical science.语篇3Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we are to solve the nursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel’s example.At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient’s illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized（分散的）nursing administration：everyfloor, every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses. In addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit’s nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.Beth Israe’s nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors.1.Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing system at Beth IsraelHospital?A.The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.B.Each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night.C.The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient.D.The primary nurse keeps records of the patient’s health conditions every day.2.It can be inferred from the passage that___________________.pared with other hospitals nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patientB.in most hospitals nurses get lower salaries than nurses at Beth Israel HospitalC.patients at Beth Israel are taken better care of from the professional point of viewpared with other hospitals nurses have to work longer hours at Beth Israel Hospital3. A primary nurse can propose a different approach of treatment when ___________________.A.the present one is refused by the patientB.the patient complains about the present oneC.the present one proves to be ineffectiveD.the patient is found unwilling to cooperate4.The main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that the former___________________..A.is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospitalB.has to arrange the work shifts of the unit’s nursesC.can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patientD.has full responsibility in the administration of the unit’s nurses语篇4About PISAThe Program for International Student Assessment ( PISA) is a triennial (每三年一次的) international survey which aims to evaluate education systems worldwide by testing the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students. To date, students representing more than 70 economies have participated in the assessment.What makes PISA differentPISA is unique because it develops tests which are not directly linked to the school curriculum. The tests are designed to assess to what extent students at the end of compulsory education, can apply their knowledge to real life situations and be equipped for full participation in society. The information collected through background questionnaires also provides context which can help analysts interpret the results.What the assessment involvesSince the year 2000，every three years, fifteen-year-old students from randomly selected schools worldwide take tests in the key subjects：reading, mathematics and science, with a focus on one subject in each year of assessment. The students take a test that lasts 2 hours. The tests are a mixture of open-ended and multiple-choice questions that are organized in groups based on a passage setting out a real-life situation. A total of about 390 minutes of test items are covered. Students take different combinations of different tests.Additional PISA initiativesPISA-based Test for Schools (PTS)As interest in PISA has grown, school and local educators have been wanting to know how their individual schools compare with students and schools in education systems worldwide. To address this need, the OECD (The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) has developed the PISA-based test for schools. It is currently available in the United States and the OECD is in discussions with governments to make the test available in other countries such as England and Spain.1.PISA is different from other programmes because ___________________..A.its test is closely related to the school curriculumB.its test aims to assess whether students can solve real-life problemsC.its test can equip students for full participation in schoolD.test scores directly determine the analysis of the test2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Test-takers are carefully selected.B.Test-takers answer the same questions.C.Test-takers are tested on three key subjects.D.Test-takers spend about 390 minutes on the test.3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Students of all ages will be able to take PTS in the future.B.More countries are likely to have PTS in the future.C.School and local educators show little interest in PISA at present.D.PISA provides evaluation of the education system within a certain country.语篇5After retirement from the medical center, my wife and I built our home in a gated community surrounded by swimming clubs and golf courses on Hilton Head Island. But when I left for the other side of the island，I was traveling on unpaved roads lined with leaky cottages (小屋）. The “lifestyle” of many of the native islanders stood in sharp contrast to my comfortable existence.By talking to the local folks, I discovered that the vast majority of the maids, gardeners, waitresses and construction workers who make this island work had little or no access to medical care. It seemed shocking to me. I wondered why someone didn’t do something about that. Then my father’s words，which he had asked his children daily when they were young，rang in my head again: “What did you do for someone today?”Even though my father had died several years before, I guess I still didn5t want to disappoint him. So I started working on a solution. The island was full of retired doctors. If I could persuade them to spend a few hours a week volunteering their services, we could provide free primary health care to those so desperately in need of it. Most of the doctors I approached liked the idea, so long as they could be re-licensed without troubles. It took one year and plenty of persistence, but I was able to persuade the state legislators (议员) to create a special license for doctors volunteering in not-for-profit clinics.The town donated land, local residents contributed office and medical equipment and some of the potential patients volunteered their weekends decorating the building that would become the clinic. We named it V olunteers in Medicine and we opened its doors in 2005, fully staffed by retired physicians, nurses and dentists as well as nearly 150 nonprofessional volunteers. That year we had 5,000 patient visits; last year we had 16,000.Somehow word of what we were doing got around. Soon we were receiving phone calls from retired physicians all over the country, asking for help in starting VIM clinics in their communities. We did the best we could ——there are now 15 other clinics operating — but we couldn’t keep up with the need. Yet last month I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeil Consumer Healthcare, the maker of Tylenol. A major grant from McNeil will allow us to respond to these requests and help establish other free clinics in communities around the country.1.What is the passage mainly about?A.The contrast between the rich and the poor on an island.B.The story of a man and his wife who likes to help others.C.The inspiration of a father’s words.D.The life and work of a retired physician.2.The purpose of V olunteers in Medicine is to___________________..A.help retired medical workers improve their incomesB.provide free medical services to those who need themC.urge the government to set up non-profit clinicsD.make the dream of the author’s father come true3.Which of the following has been done by the author himself?A.Buying the medical equipment.B.Finding the land and the office.C.Furnishing the building that could be put to use for the clinic.D.Getting a special license for the retired doctors.4.In the last paragraph，“I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeil” impliesthat___________________..A.my father’s words finally spread to McNeilB.McNeil decided to do something for the needy peopleC.my father’s words had a great influence over McNeilD.McNeil was badly in need of professional advice from retired doctors语篇6In 1800, only three percent of the world’s population lived in cities. Only one city — Beijing — had a population of over a million. Most people living in rural areas never saw a city in their lives. In 1900, just a hundred years later, roughly 150 millionpeople lived in cities, and the world9s ten largest cities all had populations exceeding （超过）one million. By 2000, the numberof city dwellers (居住者)exceeded three billion; and in 2008，the world’s population crossed a tipping point — more than half of the people on Earth lived in cities. By 2050, that could increase to over two-thirds. Clearly, humans have become an urban species.In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many people viewed cities negatively ——crowded, dirty environments full of disease and crime. They feared that as cities got bigger, living conditions would worsen. In recent decades, however, attitudes have changed. Many experts now think urbanization ( 城市化) is good news，offering solutions to the problems of Earth’s growing population.Harvard economist Edward Glaeser, author of The Victory of the City ^ is one such person. Glaeser argues that cities are very productive because “the absence of space between people ” reduces the cost of transporting goods and ideas. While the flow of goods has always been important to cities, what is most important today is the flow of ideas. Successful cities enable people to learn from each other easily, and attract and reward smart people with higher wages.Another urbanization supporter is environmentalist Stewart Brand. Brand believes cities help the environment because they allow half of the world’s population to live on about four percent of the land. This leaves more space for open country, such as farmland. City dwellers also have less impact per person on the environment than people in the countryside. Their roads, sewers (污水管)，and power lines need fewer resources to build and operate. City apartments require less energy to heat, cool, and light. Most importantly, people in cities drive less so they produce fewer greenhouse gases per person.So it’s a mistake to see urbanization as evil; it’s a natural part of development. The challenge is how to manage the growth.1.What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?A.The history of modem cities.B. Changes taking place within cities.C. How cities have grown over time.D. Why modem cities are changing.2.How have experts’ attitudes towards cities changed in recent decades?A.They now view the weaknesses as strengths.B.They no longer see city-living as attractive.C.They accept city life in spite of its problems.D.They think city-living provides more benefits.3.Which of the following would Edward Glaeser agree with?A.Cities provide more economic opportunities.B.City people get along better with each other.C.Over-crowded cities result in energy problems.D.Cities will most likely limit the flow of ideas,4.According to Paragraph 4, what would be the result of moving people out of cities?A.Economic production would be reduced.B. There would be less farmland available.C. People would travel less frequently.D. House values would fall greatly.语篇7Below is a page adapted from The Study Skills Handbook.The starting place for most research is the library. Join your school library as soon as possible and make the most of it.Library servicesFind out about the range of services available. Typically, there will be:◇academic journals◇specialist collections◇photocopiers◇laminators◇binding facilities◇computers◇CDs, DVDs, films, tapes, slides, and video resources◇silent areas and study rooms◇specialist resources for students with disabilities◇facilities for making audiovisual aids for your presentations◇support on how to use library facilities.Finding books in the library◇Fiction is arranged in alphabetical order (a-z) by author’s surnames.◇Reference books are arranged by subject. Each subject is given a number, which is shown on the spine of the book.◇All the books on a given subject are grouped together on the shelves.◇You can find a book’s reference number by looking it up in the library catalogue (目录).◇Most catalogues are now electronic. For more about electronic searches, see pages 148-52.It helps to find books if you already know:◇the author’s surname and initials◇the title of the book.Journals or periodicalsJournals or periodicals usually contain the latest research for your subject, as well as book reviews. Most journal articles have a short “abstract” at the beginning which tells you what the articles are about. Browsing through the abstracts and reviews helps to keep you up to date with the subject. You will be expected to refer to articles in most assignments.Journals are published at regular intervals during the year. They are collected into numbered volumes, usually one for each year. To find a journal article you need to know:◇the title of the journal, the year it was published and its volume number◇the name and initials of the article’s author◇the title of the article.Indexes and abstractsIndexes (索引) and abstracts are separate publications which give brief details of journal articles, including who wrote what and where to find it. Sometimes reading abstracts will be enough for your assignment; at other times you will need to read the original article too.In the indexes, you can search by subject heading and by keywords for all the articles on a given subject. They are updated regularly and are well worth sing.Electronic informationAn increasing amount of information is being published electronically. This includes anything from mail-order catalogues to academic journals. A lot of electronic information is located at publicly available sites on the World Wide Web (www), which is accessed via the internet. Your school may have its own intranet, with websites used only within the institution — you may be asked to write your own “page” on it.To locate information on the internet, you type in the address at which it is stored. This will consist of short abbreviations. Spaces, dots, dashes, oblique strokes and letters must be typed in very precisely. This, for example, is the address of the website of Friends of the Earth: Having logged on to the internet, you would simply type this in on the computer screen in the space provided. (You can usually omit “http://”.)On your reading list you may be given the names of useful web pages. Type in the address of one and browse the information that comes up on the screen. You can print it out and read or highlight it as printed text.For more about searching online, see Chapter 7.1.If you want to find a reference book in the school library，you’d better search by____________.A.the index of the reference bookB.the number for the subject of studyC.the name of the publishing houseD.the research field of the author2.Which is the quickest way to know the content of an article in a journal?A.Reading the abstract of the article.B.Scanning the first few pages of the journal.C.Learning about the author of the article.D.Looking through the contents of the journal.3.According to the passage, the difference between internet and intranet lies in____________.A.their business valuesB.the way of organizing informationC.their target usersD.the quality of the information provided语篇8Oceanography has been defined as “the application of all sciences to the study of the sea”. Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question “ what is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile （轮廓）of the route to estimate the length of the cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the U. S. Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned，in 1853，for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(水深测量) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied (对抗) contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872, Thomson led a scientific expedition（探险队）, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in1895.1.The passage implies that the telegraph cable was built mainly ____________.A.for oceanographic studiesB. for military purposesC. for business considerationsD. for investigating the depths of the oceans2.It was____________ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.A.the American NavyB.some early intercontinental travelersC.those who earned a living from the seaD.the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable3.The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was____________.A.to make some sound experiments in the oceansB.to collect samples of sea plants and animalsC.to measure the depths of two oceansD.to estimate the length of the cable that was to be made语篇9While I will explain a bit about the science of stress and relaxation a little later in the chapter, a simple way to think about it is that our body’s stress response works like a car alarm. Keep us safe by warning us of the presence of danger in our immediate environment.But instead of warning us with a loud and annoying sound, our body alarm system lets us know that something is wrong by creating changes in our neurochemistry (神经化学).If you’ve ever experienced pain in your stomach, periods of extreme anger, inability to focus or even insomnia(失眠), chances are your body was paying the price in those moments for the brain chemistry of stress.So if it’s so uncomfortable，why not just get rid of stress altogether?This is not only impractical, but it would be dangerous. Let’s go back to the metaphor (比喻）of the car alarm. If the alarm is turned off altogether, the car is。
牛津高中英语模块三Unit1重点知识归纳与巩固练习(含答案)
M3 Unit1一、词形变换1.confuse (n./adj.)confusion,confused,confusing2.fog (adj.) foggy3.observe (n. /n/adj.) observer,observation,observant4.hesitate (n./adj.) hesitation, hesitant5.anxious (adv./n.)anxiously, anxiety6.relief (v./adj.) relieve, relieved7.volunteer (adj.) voluntary8.sniff (adj./v.) sniffy 不屑一顾的 , 自视过高的 ; sniffle 吸鼻涕；抽噎；以(鼻子 )屡次吸气9.analyze(n./ pl./adj.) analysis,analyses,analytic(al) 10.recognize(n./adj.) recognition, recognizable 11.ignore(n. /adj.) ignorance,ignorant12.sweat (adj./ n. ) sweaty, sweater13.distance(adj.) distant14.attach (n./adj.) attachmet, attached 15.disability (v./adj. ) disable, disabled16.bite ( 过去式 /过去分词 /adj.)bit,bitten;biting17.jewellery/ jewelry n. (adj.) jewelled18.attract (n./adj. ) attraction, attractive19.panic ( 过去式 /过去分词 / 此刻分词 / adj. )panicked,panicked,panicking,panicky20.employ (vt. /n./ adj./ 反义词 )employment,employer,employee,unemploy(dismiss/fire/lay off/pay off)二、要点知识概括记忆清单1.听力，听觉the sense of hearing2.令人诱惑的说明confusing instructions对感觉诱惑的be confused about/over3.天气预告 a weather forecast4.审视 glance at＝ take a glance at乍一看 at a glance愤慨地看 glare at盯着看 stare at仰头凝望 stare up at5.哪儿也看不到nowhere to be seen哪儿也找不到nowhere to be foundnowhere near＝ not nearly ＝ far from 远没有，远不及6. 看获得，在视力范围以内in sight看不到out of sight看获得catch sight of看不见lose sight of7. 期望，期盼wish for8.在黑暗处 in the darkness9.对举棋不定hesitate about/over/at (doing) sth.不要狐疑做。
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第一学期选词填空精讲及巩固练习(有答案)
选词填空（一）考情分析1.近5年高考选词文章分析✧10年后选词填空题文体以说明文为主✧题材内容以科普文为主，但内容各不相同，覆盖人文、健康、科技、气候、概念等方方面面。
2.近5年高考选词词汇分析2014年2015年2016年2017年秋考2018年春考2018年秋考✧主要考察实词，为名词，动词，形容词，副词；✧动词是考察重点，尤其是动词的分词变形为主；所以动词时语态与非谓语是高中语法学习的重点。
✧名词与形容词为次重点，每年都有考察；对于名词与形容词在句中所起作用与相互修饰须要学生熟练掌握。
✧副词考察较少，难度不大。
它在句中的位置灵活，功能强大。
✧每年都会考察考纲词汇的派生词，如标粗处。
要注意积累派生词。
3.近5年高考选词高频词汇分布✧考纲词汇积累与运用是选词填空的考察重点，也是学生英语学习的大难点。
从上面几个表格中不难看出首字母a-,c-.p-, re-, i-, s-高频词汇考察多，且多为长难词。
P-开头以pl-,pro-,pre-为重难点，也是学生容易混淆的词汇点。
（二）解题步骤第一步，判断方框内单词词性。
有多个词性的都标出来，不确定词性的先不标。
doing和done可以不标。
第二步，略读抓中心。
略读文章，细读文章首句，快速掌握文章的主题词与了解文章大致内容。
第三步，填词入空。
分为三小步：1、确认空处可填词性，2、同性词筛选，3、按逻辑关系代入确认答案。
（三）空格词性判断1）句子缺主语46 Researchers had two groups of 20 people each listen to a 30-minute recording that included a sequence of numbers.2）句子缺动词宾语或介词宾语The officials realized that the students had already established digital__41. identities _ _ by the time they entered college…Their debates took place before 44 audience in cornfields and courthouse squares.3）注意名词也可作定语However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food 41 labels at the supermarket.注意此时动词形式为原形，三单，过去式，进行时或被动语态的过去分词。
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第一学期期期中巩固练习(三) 有答案
高三上学期期中巩固练习（三）Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Mystery of the White Gardenia（Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia栀子花was delivered to my house.No card or note came with it. ）…I don’t remember ever slamming my door ( 21 )________ anger at her and shouting,” you just don’t understand!”, ( 22 )____________ she did understand.One month before my high-school graduation, my father died of a heart attack. My feelings ranged from grief to abandonment, fear and ( 23 )_________( overwhelm ) anger that my dad was missing some of the most important events in my life. I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation, the senior-class play and the prom正式舞会. But my mother, in the midst of her own grief, ( 24 )_______not hear of my skipping any of those things.The day before my father died, my mother and I ( 25 ) ____________ ( go ) shopping for a prom dress. We’d found a spectacular one, with yards and yards of dotted Swiss in red, white and blue, ( 26 ) _______ made me feel like Scarlett O’ Hara, ( 27 )________it was the wrong size. When my father died, I forgot about the dress.My mother didn’t. The day before the prom, I found that dress---in the right size---draped majestically over the living-ro om sofa. It wasn’t just delivered, still in the box. It was presented to me---beautifully, artistically, lovely. I didn’t care if I had a new dress or not. But my mother did.She wanted her children to feel （28 ）_______ ( love ) and lovable, creative and imaginative, imbued with a sense （29 ）_______ there was magic in the world and beauty even in the face of adversity. In truth, my mother wanted her children to see （30 ）________ much like the gardenia---lovely, strong and perfect---with an aura of magic and perhaps a bit of mystery.My mother died ten days after I married. I was 22 years old. That was the year the gardenias stopped coming.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Poetry is a kind of writing in which the sound and meaning of groups of words express ideas or emotion in addition to the experiences or strong feelings the writer ____31____. Unlike most other forms of writing, poetry is often written in lines, rather than paragraphs. Poetry also sounds different from other forms of writing, often using rhythm and rhyme to create an interesting sound when read aloud. Poetry catches the attention of a reader because it ____32____to both emotions and senses.Sound is ____33____ the single most important aspect of any poem. The sound that any given word makes, or the sounds that come from specific groups of words used together, are what make poetry so unique as a form of writing. A typical story or report does not focus on the sounds that each _____34____ word makes when read. But poems generally contain few words, so it is important that each word plays a role in making an impact on the reader. Rhythm is the flow of sounds created by successive words in a poem. When you read a poem you can oft en hear this ____35____ pattern, or “beat,” in the sounds. This is called meter.Some of the oldest and best-known poetry in the world came from Ancient Greece. As far back as 700 BCE, poets there recited their work at public _____36____ and religious ceremonies. The great epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer came from Greece. The Greeks eventually ____37____ Roman poets, such as Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid around 200r 30 BCE. In medieval times, poems such as Beowulf, The Divine Comedy by Dante, and The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer were written. Religion and romance became the ____38___ of choice for many poets at that time.Poetry _____39____ even more during the Renaissance period of history, an era of many great cultural achievements. This was the period during which Shakespeare, the most well-known poet, was making his mark! Needless to say, a trend had started. Poetry has continued to grow and change as a form of ____40____ expression in modern times.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When a human infant is born into any other community in any part of the world it has two things incommon with any infant, ____41____neither of them has been ____42____in any way either before or during birth.Firstly, and most obviously, new born children are completely ____43____. Apart from a powerful capacity to draw attention on their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing the new born child can do to ____44____ his own survival. Without ____45____ from some other human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, a child is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in marked contrast with the ____46____ of many new born animals to get to their ____47____ within minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although young animals are certainly in danger, sometimes for weeks or even months after birth, compared with the human infant, they very quickly develop the capacity to ____48____ for themselves. It is during this very long period in which the human infant is totally ____49____ on the others that it reveals second ____50____ which it shares with all other undamaged human infants, a capacity to learn ____51____.For this reason, biologists now suggest that language is “species specific特有的；特定的” to the human race, that is to say, they consider the human infant to be genetically ____52____ in such a way that it can ____53____ language. This suggestion implies that just as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in color and just as they are designed to ____54____ upright rather than to move on all fours so they are designed to learn and use language as part of their normal ____55____ as well-formed human beings.41. A. provided B. assume C. promised D. predicted42. A. unprotected B. hurt C. damaged D. unhealthy43. A. ignorant B. unknown C. inexperienced D. helpless44. A. ensure B. assure C. emphasize D. solidify45. A. love B. affection C. care D. attention46. A. possibility B. capacity C. try D. attempt47. A. arms B. body C. feet D. limbs48. A. feed B. defend C. protect D. prevent49. A. dependent B. based C. focused D. operated50. A. ability B. feature C. aspect D. specialty51. A. walking B. feeding C. language D. racing52. A. programmed B. set C. arranged D. born53. A. get B. learn C. speak D. acquire54. A. sit B. walk C. stand D. move55. A. abilities B. development C. performance D. behaviorSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AMen of HonorA knight was a mounted warrior of medieval Europe who served a king or other feudal superior, usually in return for land. Knighthood was taken quite seriously and had to be earned.At about the age of eight, a boy would begin training in preparation for knighthood. This young trainee, known as a page(男侍者), would train with mentors to learn about horses, armor, and weapons. Pages practiced fighting with a sword against a wooden stake and learned to skillfully use a bow and arrow. The lady of the castle taught a young page about manners and social graces, as well as how to sing, play instruments, and dance. A priest might give a page religious training and teach him to read and write.By the age of fourteen, the page would become a squire（护卫）. A squire was responsible for dressing a knight for battles and tournaments and taking care of the knight's armor and weapons. He would even follow his master on the battlefield to protect him if the knight fell.A squire had to gain skill in using a lance, spear, or sword, so he would practice against a wooden dummy called a quintain（枪靶）. The quintain and a shield were hung on a wooden pole, and when hit, the whole structure would spin. The squire would learn to ride up and hit the shield's center, but then quickly move out of the way without getting hit and knocked off his horse by the quintain.At about age twenty, a squire was finally prepared to be called a knight, which involved an extended ceremony. On the evening before becoming a knight, the squire confessed his sins to a priest, was given a symbolic bath, and then fasted in order to cleanse his soul. The squire would dress all in white and stay in a chapel all night praying and watching over his weapons and armor.In the morning, the squire would dress in symbolically-colored clothing: red for his blood, white for purity, and brown for his return to the earth after death. At his induction ([in'dʌkʃən] 入会仪式), the knight swore a code of chivalry, which required him always to be brave, loyal, courteous, and to protect the defenseless. Knighthood was granted by the overlord with an accolade, during which the new knight was tapped on the shoulders or neck with the flat side of the sword.If this new knight ever broke his vows or acted dishonorably, he would be stripped of his knighthood in another ceremony, in which he was "buried." In the Middle Ages, a knight without honor was considered as good as dead.56.What were the responsibilities of a squire?A.Practicing fighting with a sword and using a bow and arrow skillfully.B.Looking after his own weapons and learning manners from the Lady of the castle.C.Confessing his sin and praying for his mentors.D.Dressing a knight for battles or competitions and protecting him.57.What does the underlined word “ chivalry” mean ?A.the noble spirits a knight possessesB.the tough task a knight has to finishC.the high goal a knight must achieveD.the military discipline a knight should obey58.If a knight were to betray the king, what do you think might happen?A. He would be sentenced to death.B. He would be robbed of his title.C. He would be forced to leave Court.D. His land would be returned to the King.59.Which of the following statements is right according to the passage?A. A knight had to be highly born.B. A knight had gone through different stages of training to become a KNIGHT.C. A knight was militarily skillful but not necessarily literate.D. Knighthood started in the Medieval Ages and existed only in England.BReading Your MindModern technology allows scientists to look inside a living human brain to see what is happening. These procedures are safe and painless. By understanding the normal brain activity, doctors and scientists are better able to assess the brain’s behavior duri ng times of injury, disease, and mental illness.CT or CAT scans: Computed tomography (CT) or computerized axial tomography(CAT) shows images of the brain by passing multiple X-ray beams through the brain tissue. CT or CAT scans show a cross-section of the brain. These scans can be used to find brain tumors.MRI scans: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses powerful magnet to cause the atoms of the brain to shake. MRI sensors pick up the signals emitted ([i'mit]发出) from the brain’s atoms and a computer interprets them as a picture. MRIs show more detail than CT or CAT scans can. They are especially useful in finding brain tumors that grow on the back of the brain, between the ears.PET scans: Positron emission tomography (PET) is different from other scans because it shows how the brain functions. After a person’s bloodstream is injected with a small dose of glucose (['glu:kəus]【生化】葡萄糖), which is what gives the brain energy, scanners around the head detect where the glucose moves. The PET scan shows which part of the brain use a lot of glucose, which are the more active parts. PET scans are helpful for diagnosing strokes,studying mental illness, and learning how the brain process language.Positron Emission Tomography scan Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanComputed Axial Tomography Scan uses powerful magnets to make the atoms of the brain shakeShows which parts of the brain use a lot of glucoseHelpful for diagnosing strokesUseful for finding brain tumors that grow on the back of the brain, between the earsshows how the brain functionsshows images of the brain by passing multiple X-ray beams through the brain tissue60.How can doctors and scientistsunderstand the brain’s reaction to injury, disease, or mental illness?A.By contrasting/comparing it with normal brain activities.B.By passing the X-Ray beams through the brain tissue.C.By picking up the signals emitted from the brain’s atoms.D.By being injected with glucose and detecting where it moves.61.By Which two scans mentioned are helpful for diagnosing brain tumors?A. CT / CAT and PETB. MRI and PETC. CT/CAT and MRID. CT and CAT62. If a person suffers from defect in speaking, which scan will a doctor be mostlikely to suggest?A. CT / CATB. MRIC. PETD. Any one of themCThe psychology of innovationWhy are so few companies truly innovative?Innovation is key to business survival, and companies put substantial resources into inspiring employees to develop new ideas. There are, nevertheless, people working in luxurious, state-of-the-art centers designed to stimulate innovation who find that their environment doesn’t make them feel at all creative. And there are those who don’t have a budget, or much space, but who innovate successfully.For Robert B. Cialdini, Professor of Psychology at Arizona State University, one reason that companies don’t succeed as often as they should is that innovation starts with recruitment. Research shows that the fitbetween an employee’s values and a company’s valu es makes a difference to what contribution they make and whether, two years after they join, they’re still at the company.One of the most famous photographs in the story of rock’n’rollemphasizesCialdini’s views. The 1956 picture of singers Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash and Jerry Lee Lewis jamming at a piano in Sun Studios in Memphis tells a hidden story. Sun’s ‘million-dollar quartet’ could have been a quintet. Missing from the picture is Roy Orbison, a greater natural singer than Lewis, Perkins or Cash. Sam Phillips, who owned Sun, wanted to revolutionize popular music with songs that fused black and white music, and country and blues. Presley, Cash, Perkins and Lewis instinctively understood Phillips’s ambition and believed in it. Orbison wasn’t inspired by the goal, and only ever achieved one hit with the Sun label.Managing innovation is a delicate art. It’s easy for a company to be pulled in conflicting directions as the marketing, product development, and finance departments each get different feedback from different sets of people. And without a system which ensures collaborative exchanges within the company, it’s also easy for small ‘pockets of innovation’ to disappear. Innovation is a contact sport. You can’t brief people just by saying, ‘We’re going in this direction and I’m going to take you with me.’Cialdini believes that this ‘follow-the-leader syndrome’ is dangerous, not least because it encourages bosses to go it alone. ‘It’s been scientifically proven that three people will be bette r than one at solving problems, even if that one person is the smartest person in the field.’ To prove his point, Cialdini cites an interview with molecular biologist James Watson. Watson, together with Francis Crick, discovered the structure of DNA, the g enetic information carrier of all living organisms. ‘When asked how they had cracked the code ahead of an array of highly accomplished rival investigators, he said something that stunned me. He said he and Crick had succeeded becausethey were aware that th ey weren’t the most intelligent of the scientists pursuing the answer. The smartest scientist was called Rosalind Franklin who, Watson said, “was so intelligent she rarely sought advice”.’Writing, visualizing and prototyping can stimulate the flow of new ideas. Cialdini cites scores of research papers and historical events that prove that even something as simple as writing deepens every individual’s engagement in the project. It is, he says, the reason why all those competitions on breakfast cereal packet s encouraged us to write in saying, in no more than 10 words: ‘I like Kellogg’s Corn Flakes because… .’ The very act of writing makes us more likely to believe it.Authority doesn’t have to inhibit innovation but it often does. Many theorist believe the id eal boss should lead from behind, taking pride in collective accomplishment and giving credit where it is due. Cialdini says: ‘Leaders should encourage everyone to contribute and simultaneously assure all concerned that every recommendation is important t o making the right decision and will be given full attention.’ The frustrating thing about innovation is that there are many approaches, but no magic formula. However, a manager who wants to create a truly innovative culture can make their job a lot easier by recognizing these psychological realities.63. The example of the ‘million-dollar quartet’ underlines the writer’s point aboutA. recognizing talent.B. working as a team.C. having a shared objective.D. being an effective leader.64. James Watson suggests that he and Francis Crick won the race to discover theDNA code because theyA. were conscious of their own limitations.B. brought complementary skills to their partnership.C. were determined to outperform their brighter rivals.D. encouraged each other to realize their joint ambition.65. The writer mentions competitions on breakfast cereal packets as an example ofhowto______________________________________________________.A. inspire creative thinking.B. generate concise writing.C. promote loyalty to a group.D. strengthencommitment to an idea.66. In the last paragraph, the writer suggests that it is important for employees toA. be aware of their company’s goals.B. feel that their contributions are valued.C. have respect for their co-workers’achievements.D. understand why certain management decisions are made.Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Many people go through life's usual phases of ups and downs，which are common and normal stages in life, but when your self-esteem is low, you may need to know how to boost your self-esteem, since it can lead to problems you may not have thought of.Self-esteem is the measurement or the value of how a person knows his worth and its effects are life-changing and dramatic, since it makes u p a person’s attitude and outlook towards life. (67) ______________________ But when self-esteem is low, you can either sulk and be sad or be afraid to try out new things or take risks and chances with your love-life, career, relationships and self-improvement.Self-esteem plays a key role in the maturity of a person, especially when trying toget away from a dangerous situation, going through a series of trials in life. Our normal responses to these circumstances and situations are governed by how we value ourselves and how our decisions are dictated by how we value ourselves and how our decisions are dictated by these conditions.Faced with tough decisions in life, the more self-esteem one has, the better. It is for that person to make sound decisions, even in the face of peer pressure or stress at work and at home. Let us try to look into some of the common and best practices which have been tried and tested to help boost self-esteem.Always compliment yourself daily, especially by trying to look for specific tasks you did well for that day and congratulate yourself for it. (68) ____________________ List down all things you are good at doing and achieving, be it a talent, skill, sport or building up other people.You can add more focus to these good points and fuel our passion to do better and make you not only understand yourself more, but also give you the true meaning and measurement of self worth and this is how you see yourself as important.Appreciation of one’s physical appearance and bearing can al so be your source of self-esteem, be it the size and shape of your body, your overall physical structure or unique features. Your body can be your source of pride and will help you understand how you would like others to see you, or work on your physical appearance to boost self-morale and satisfaction.Sometimes when you tend to see things in a different light or perspective from others, don’t focus too much on making sure that what you think will cause things to change. (69) _____________________________When you have good self-esteem you will realize that what you did was right and was made under your own food judgment, sound principles and concepts based on your personal outlook and attitude towards life.Do not let negative feedback affect you. Of course, one cannot help but feel bad about negative comments or reactions, but you have to consider that these are tests against your character and personality. (70) ________________________________ So try to look at yourself and see, and if you feel less important or are not satisfied with how you see and look at things, then think about ways on how to boost your self-esteem. You’ll thank yourself for it.SummaryDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.1. One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by selling goods door to door found that he only had one dime left. He was hungry so he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.2. However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked fora drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you？”3. “You don't owe me anything,” she replied. “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” He said, “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” As Howard Kelly left that house, he not only felt stronger physically, but it also increased his faith in God and the human race. He was about to give up and quit before this point.4. Years later the young woman became critically ill. The local doctors were baffled. They finally sent her to the big city, where specialists can be called in to study her rare disease. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in for the consultation. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Immediately, he rose and went down through the hospital hall into her room.5. Dressed in his doctor's gown he went in to see her. He recognized her at once. He went back to the consultation room and determined to do his best to save her life. From that day on, he gave special attention to her case.6. After a long struggle, the battle was won. Dr. Kelly requested the business office to pass the final bill to him for approval. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to her room. She was afraid to open it because she was positive that it would take the rest of her life to pay it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words...“Paid in full with a glass of milk.（Signed）Dr. Howard KellyTears of joy flooded her eyes as sh e prayed silently:” Thank You, God. Your love has spread through human hearts and hands.”TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.民众呼吁政府延长失业的救济。
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第一学期主谓一致讲解及练习(二)(有答案)
主谓一致讲解及练习（二）概念：主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系；主谓一致的一致关系由以下三个原则支配：二、语法一致1、意义：语法一致的原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：即，主语是单数形式，谓语也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也采用复数形式；A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language. Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language.2、关于语法一致的具体情况：1）不定式、动名词、以及从句作主语时应看做单数，谓语动词用单数；Reading often means learning.To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.What he said has been recorded .2）如果主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, but, except, like, in addition to, including,主谓一致语法一致意义一致就近原则besides, as well as, as much as, rather than, more than等短语再加一个名词时，谓语动词仍与主语保持一致；A library together with 5000 books was given to our school as a gift.Mr. Johnson as well as his wife and children is visiting the Great Wall now.All but Tom have gone to the cinema.3）用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人、同一个事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数；A teacher and writer is going to give us a speech.Bread and butter is usually my breakfast.The professor and scientist has already come.A teacher and a writer are in the office.4）用and连接的并列主语被each, every, no或many a修饰时，谓语动词用单数；Each boy and each girl has been given a gift.No teacher and no student is in the classroom.Every pen and every book has been laid on the desk already.Many a boy and many a girl is interested in her lesson.5）each of + 复数代词，谓语动词用单数；复数代词+ each，谓语动词用复数；Each of us has something to say.Each of them has been given a piece of bread.We each have a dictionary.They each have done their work.6）none作主语，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数；但修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词只能用单数；None of us are (is) perfect.None of these books are (is) mine.None of his money has been found again.None of this worries me.7）名词如trousers, scissors, glasses, goods, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数；但当它们前面有a pair of或one pair of修饰时，谓语动词只能用单数；My trousers are black.His glasses are expensive.A pair of trousers lies on my bed.A pair of glasses was given to me as a gift.8）形复意单名词如：news；以-ics结尾的学科名词如：physics, mathematics, economics；国名如：the United States；报纸名如：the New York Times；书名如：Arabian Nights；机构名如：the United Nations等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数；Arabian Nights is full of interesting stories.The New York Times is a popular reading material for students.Physics is my favorite subjects.9）“a/an + 名词+ and a half”；“one and a half + 名词”；“the number of + 名词”等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数；An apple and a half is on the table.One and a half days has passed.The number of the students in our class is 63.10）百分数（或分数）+ of + 可数名词单数（或不可数名词）作主语，谓语动词用单数；百分数（或分数）+ of + 可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词用复数；Twenty percent of land has been turned into a playground.Two thirds of the apple is rotten.Sixty percent of the workers in the factory are women.11）“many a/an + 名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数，但是表达的是复数意义；Many a student is interested in English.Many a teacher has resigned.Many an apple has gone bad.Many a mistake has been made by him.12）“a (large) quantity of + 名词”作主语时，名词是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；名词是可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数；“a (large) amount of + 不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“large quantities of + 可数名词复数或不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“large amounts of + 不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；A large quantity of sugar has been put in the boiled water.A large amount of time has been spent on English.Large quantities of money have been wasted on the project.Large amounts of time have been saved by the new invention.13）“this kind of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“复数名词+ of this kind”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；This kind of apples was imported from America.Apples of this kind were imported from America.14）“a/an + 单数名词+ or two”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“one or two + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；A day or two is enough for this work.One or two days are enough for this work.A man or two is to be sent there to help them.One or two men are to be sent there to help them.15）“a set of + 复数名词”及“a series of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；A series of debates was scheduled for the weekend.The sales man told me that a good set of tires was guaranteed to run at least fifty thousand miles.16）在“one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句”结构中，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数；但是如果one前面有the only修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词只能用单数；Mary is one of the students that have been invited to sing at the concert.Mary is the only one of the students that has been invited to sing at the concert.例题：1、The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【解析】D.本题考查时态与主谓一致。
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名词与主谓一致巩固提升练习基础练习1.No one except Jack and Tom ________ the answer.A. are knowsB. is knowingC. knowsD. know2.Nothing but cars_______ in the shop.A. are going to sellB. were soldC. are soldD. is sold3.Here is a message of importance to every man and every woman who_______ .A. votesB. voteC. votingD. arevoting4.Politics_______ one of the subjects that I study.A. areB. is G. were D. was5. _______ a lready been interviewed.A. A number of applicants haveB. A number of applicants hasC. The number of applicants haveD. The number of applicants has6. _______ i s misused in the sentence.A. A word or twoB. One or two wordsC. One and two wordsD. Many words7.There _______ priceless jewellery on display at the exhibition hall.A. areB. haveC. isD. has8.I am the one who________ w rong.A. amB. isC. areD. havebeen9.Each of the footballers________ over 150 pounds.A. weighB. weighsC. weightsD. wereweighing10.Half of the material ________ away.A. has been takenB. are takenC. have been takenD. weretaken11.The manager or his assistant ________planning to go.A. wasB. wereC. hasD. will12.There _______ in this room.A. are too many furnituresB. are too much furnitureC. are too much furnituresD. is too much furniture13.His brother rather than his parents ________ .A. are to be blamedB. is to blameC. are to blameD. is to be blamed14. What caused the accident and who was responsible for it_______ a mystery to us.A. has been remainedB. have been remainedC. remainD. remains15. To know merely the main facts________ enough.A. areB. beC. beingD. is16. Watering the flowers and looking after the children________ all I have to do everyday.A. areB. isC. wasD. were17. Each boy and each girl________ a new book.A. have goneB. has goneC. have gotD. has got18. American and Dutch beer ________ b oth much lighter than British.A. areB. isC. wereD. was19. It is not I but you who________ the first to run to the goal in that competition.A. isB. wasC. areD. is goingto20. Every means________ been tried since then.A. hasB. haveC. areD. is21. One and a half bananas________ o n the table.A. are leftB. is leftC. have leftD. has left22. There _______ in this room.A. are too many roomsB. are too much roomC. are plenty of roomsD. is plenty of room23. Neither of them ________ g oing to the cinema. Both of them_________ going to thecinema.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; wasD. are; is24. All but one ________ h ere just now. All that I want to say __________ this.A. was; wereB. was; isC. were; isD. were;were25.A number of students ________ g one for an outing. The number of the students ________ increasing every yeaA. have; hasB. is; haveC. has; haveD. have; is26.S ome of the oranges________ turned bad. Some of the milk_______ turned sour.A. have; hasB. have; haveC. has; haveD. have; is27.Each student ________ got an English-Chinese dictionary. The students eacha dictionary.A. have; hasB. has; haveC. have; haveD. has; has28.There_______ a pen, an ink bottle, and some books on it. There___________ somebowls, plates and a spoon on it.A. is; areB. are; areC. are; isD. is; is29.Either the judge or the lawyers ________ wrong. Either you or he_________ to blame.A. is; areB. are; isC. are; areD. is; isKeys: 1-10 CDABA ACBBA11-20 ADBCD ADACA21-30 BDACD ABABA提高练习30.His family________ all very well. His family __________ a "five good" one.A. are; isB. is; isC. are; areD. is; are31.My blue trousers_______ worn out. One pair of trousers_________ not enough.A. is; areB. are; areC. is; isD. are; is32.Our League secretary and monitor _______ the lead in everything. Our League secretaryand the monitor good friends.A. take; areB. take; isC. takes; isD. takes;are33.The girl as well as his parents_________ a bike. Not only the students but also the professor_____________________________ s urprised at Mary's answer.A. have; wasB. have; wereC. has; wasD. has;were34.Who _______ the girl singing in the next room? Who ________ these people over there?A. are; areB. are; isC. is; areD. is; is35.Most of the students _______ boys. Most of his money________ spent on books.A. are; isB. is; isC. are; areD. is; are36.The policeman _______ standing at the street corner. The police_________ s earching for him.A. are; isB. are; areC. is; areD. is; is37.The glasses _______ mine. That pair of glasses _________ my brother's.A. are; isB. are; areC. is; areD. is; is38.The news at six o'clock________ n ot true. Those pieces of news_________ to be broadcast.A. are; isB. are; areC. is; areD. is; is39.Grandpa Wang and his two grandsons ________ taking a walk in the park now. Grandpa Wang, together with his two grandsons, taking a walk in the park now.A. are; areB. is; areC. is; isD. are; is40.No one but Jane________ the secret. Nobody but Mary and I_________ i n the classroom at that time.A. know; wasB. knows; wasC. know; wereD.knows; were41.There _______ nothing but two looms in the hall. There _________ something wrong with the machine.A. was; isB. was; areC. were; isD. were;are42.He is one of the boys who ________ never late for school. He is the only one of the boys who_____________________________ never late for school.A. is; areB. are; areC. are; isD. is; is43.What they have done_______ of great use to us. What he says and what he does________ agree.A. is; notB. is; do notC. are; does notD. are; not44.Every picture except these two ________ . Everything around us ________ matter.A. have been sold; isB. have been sold; areC. has been sold; isD. has been sold; are45.A woman with two children________ coming up to us. Mary, along with her parents, _________ moved to PaA. is; hasB. is; haveC. are; haveD. are; has46.one sixth of our classmates _______ from peasant families. One fifth of her time __________ devoted to wA. comes; isB. come; areC. come; isD. comes;are47.Only 10 percent of the students in the class _______ League members. About 40% of Jim'sincome_____________________________________ to the rent (租金).A. are; goesB. are; goC. is; goesD. is; go48.It is this teacher who ________ leaving for London. It is you who _________ next.A. are; areB. is; areC. are; isD. is; is49.The population of the earth_______ increasing fast. One third of the population here ________ workers.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; isD. are;are50.This kind of snakes________ very dangerous. These kinds of metal_________ hard tofind.A. is; isB. are; isC. is; areD. are; are51.Half of the visitors ________ from Europe. Half of the fruit__________ b ad.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; isD. are; are52.Every man worker and every woman worker ________ free medical care. At Christmaseach boy and each girl_____________________________ given a present.A. enjoy; isB. enjoy; areC. enjoys; isD. enjoys;are53.Many a man ________ s een the wonderful film. Many men________ seen thewonderful film.A. has; hasB. has; haveC. have; hasD. have;have54.Going to bed early and getting up early________ a good habit. Singing and dancing _________ two of the thA. is; isB. are; isC. is；areD. are;are55.Such _______ Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements. Suchher words.A. were; wereB. was; wereC. were; wereD. was;was56.If anybody_______ , ask him to wait. ________ there anything I can do for you?A. come; IsB. come; AreC. comes; AreD. comes;Is57.Chinese_______ not so difficult to learn. The Chinese people ________ brave and hard working.A. is; isB. are; isC. is; areD. are; are58.Little _______ done to prevent the air from being polluted. Much ________ done to against fight pollution.A. has been; have beenB. have; hasC. has been; has beenD. have been; have been59.Do you know the singer and dancer who_______ s tanding at the gate? China has thousands of islands, the largest of which Taiwan.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; isD. are; are60.When we are to hold the sports meet _________ been decided. Whether he succeeds or fails _____________________________________ m atter.A. have; don'tB. has; don'tC. have; doesn'tD. has; doesn'tKeys: 31-40 DDCCA CACDB41-50 ACBCA CABAC51-60 CCBCB DCCBD。